Relevant bibliographies by topics / United States. Entomology Research Division

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'United States. Entomology Research Division'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "United States. Entomology Research Division"

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Throne, James E., Guy J. Hallman, Judy A. Johnson, and Peter A. Follett. "Post-harvest entomology research in the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service." Pest Management Science 59, no. 6-7 (2003): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.690.

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Derr, Jeffrey F., and Aman Rana. "Weed Science Research, Teaching, and Extension at Land-Grant Institutions in the United States and its Territories." Weed Technology 25, no. 2 (2011): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00061.1.

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Weeds are one of the main limiting factors in crop production, causing billions of dollars in annual global losses through degraded agricultural and silvicultural productivity. Weeds also reduce access to land and water, impair aesthetics, and disrupt human activities and well-being. The number of positions devoted to weed science teaching, research, and extension at 76 land-grant institutions across the United States and its territories was determined and compared with that for plant pathology and entomology. The number of classes and graduate students in these disciplines at those institutions was also determined. There are more than four times as many entomologists and more than three times as many plant pathologists as weed scientists at land-grant institutions. There are approximately five times as many graduate students currently in entomology and almost three times as many in plant pathology compared with weed science. There are approximately five times as many entomology and two and a half times as many plant pathology undergraduate classes compared with weed science classes. These differences increase when graduate courses are considered. Most land-grant universities have either none or few graduate classes in weed science. There are more than six times as many graduate entomology courses and more than five times as many plant pathology courses compared with weed science graduate classes. There are no departments devoted solely to weed science, whereas entomology and plant pathology departments are both common. Most universities have little to no faculty assigned to ornamental, fruit, aquatic, or forestry weed control. Number of faculty assigned to vegetable, turf, non-crop, ecology, and basic/laboratory studies in weed science are also limited. Additional university resources are needed if weed science research, teaching, and extension efforts are to meet the priority needs for the management of weeds in the agricultural, natural resources, and urban ecosystems.
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Derr, Jeffrey F. "The Status of Weed Science at Universities and Experiment Stations in the Northeastern United States." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (2004): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-253r1.

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Weed science is an important component of pest management. Weeds cause approximately 12% loss in United States crop production, reduce crop quality, poison livestock, and adversely affect human health, recreation, and transportation. Herbicides comprise approximately 65% of pesticide expenditures, whereas insecticides and fungicides each comprise less than 20%. The total effect of weeds, including crop losses and costs of control, in the United States was estimated in 1994 to be $20 billion annually. A survey was prepared and mailed to weed scientists at universities and experiment stations in the northeastern United States to determine the number of faculty positions and course offerings devoted to weed science. There are approximately five times as many entomologists and more than three times as many plant pathologists as weed scientists at universities in the northeast. There are more than six times as many graduate students currently in entomology and more than four times as many in plant pathology compared with weed science. Few undergraduate courses in weed science are taught, and most universities have no graduate classes in weed science. There are almost seven times as many undergraduate entomology courses and more than twice as many plant pathology courses as weed science classes in this region. There are more than 17 times as many graduate entomology courses and more than 15 times as many plant pathology courses compared with weed science graduate classes. There are no departments devoted solely to weed science in the northeast, whereas entomology and plant pathology departments are both common. Most universities have little to no faculty assigned to aquatic, forestry, noncrop weed control, weed ecology, or laboratory trials, and numbers assigned to agronomic and horticultural crop weed management are limited. Additional university resources are needed if weed science research, teaching, and extension efforts are to meet the priority needs in weed management.
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Jabara, Cathy. "Commentary: The United States, Agriculture, and the Doha Round of Negotiations." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (2005): 1850051. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1138.

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A commentary on Patrick Messerlin's article, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization." Cathy Jabara is the Division Chief of the Agriculture and Fishery Products Division at the U.S. International Trade Commission. She has been at the Commission for about 12 years, and previously served in positions at the Economic Research Service at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Treasury Department. She received her Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics at Purdue University. She is primarily involved in the research program at the Commission. Her responsibilities include analysis of the effects of trade agreements on the U.S. economy and industries.
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Bauman, Kurt J. "Home Schooling in the United States." education policy analysis archives 10 (May 16, 2002): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n26.2002.

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Home schooling is a subject of great fascination, but little solid knowledge. Despite its importance, it has received less research attention than some other recent changes in the educational system, such as the growth of charter schools. It could be argued that home schooling may have a much larger impact on educational system, both in the short and long run. This report uses the 1994 October CPS, and the National Household Education Survey of 1996 and 1999 to examine popular characterizations of the home school population. The article assembles evidence from several sources to confirm that home schooling is growing. It finds home-schooled children more likely to be middle income, white, from larger families, and from two-parent families with one parent not working. While some authors have described a division between religiously-motivated and academically-motivated home schoolers, this research finds more support for a divide based on attitude towards regular schools.
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Anderson, Randy L., Darrell Hanavan, and Alex G. Ogg. "Developing National Research Teams: A Case Study with the Jointed Goatgrass Research Program." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (2004): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-124r.

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Weed scientists are facing research problems, such as invasive weeds, that may require multidisciplinary approaches to solve. One example is jointed goatgrass, a winter annual grass invading winter wheat fields and not easily managed with conventional control tactics. A national research program was started in 1994 to develop jointed goatgrass management strategies. Involving more than 35 scientists with diverse scientific expertise, this national approach fostered cooperative research projects across 11 states. Research involved entomology, economics, plant breeding, plant physiology, genetics, and weed science, leading to successful management systems for jointed goatgrass. To help other scientists organize regional or national programs, we describe development and performance of the jointed goatgrass program as well as suggest ideas for possible improvement. Pivotal to the success of the program was a Steering Committee, whose role was to establish research priorities and coordinate research across the western United States.
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Ziegler, Troy J., and David M. Koch. "Undergraduate Research: A Pedagogical Experiment." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 7 (1988): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200709.

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Students cooperatively conducted research experiments in an upper division cognitive psychology course in the Behavioral Sciences and Leadership Department at the United States Air Force Academy. The pedagogical structure of the course was modified to emphasize teaching cadets how to think versus what to think through the process of conducting research. Students were expected to cooperate in pairs to design and conduct their research. Cooperative research projects were used in the attempt to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation to excel. This paper presents the authors' views on the rationale and perceived benefits of cooperative research projects in upper division courses to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation.
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Malec, Michael A. "Patriotic Symbols in Intercollegiate Sports during the Gulf War: A Research Note." Sociology of Sport Journal 10, no. 1 (1993): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.1.98.

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In the United States, one connection between sport and politics seemed to present itself during the period of the Gulf War. Although the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) normally proscribes the use of patches on team uniforms, the American flag was a prominent addition to the uniform jerseys of many teams, especially after the United States went to war. A questionnaire was mailed to sports information directors at 152 randomly selected colleges and universities. Eighty-seven usable replies were received and analyzed. Results indicate that institutions which adopted the use of a patriotic symbol tended to be members of Division I of the NCAA or made appearances on regional or national television. National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) institutions and NCAA Division II and III institutions—institutions that appear infrequently on television—tended not to wear patriotic symbols.
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Saunders, L. Z. "A History of the Pathological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Between 1891–1921." Veterinary Pathology 26, no. 6 (1989): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588902600617.

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As part of a continuing historical study of the evolution of the discipline of veterinary pathology in North America, this paper relates the role played by the Pathological Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), formerly a unit of the United States Department of Agriculture. The work of this division of the BAI during its first three decades is examined with respect to its leadership, activities and attainments, and these are compared with similar activities in veterinary colleges and state experiment stations in the United States and in foreign veterinary colleges and research establishments. The Pathological Division devoted a good deal of its efforts to the production of biologic prophylactic products, with resounding success in controlling blackleg and other diseases. Its other activities were in laboratory diagnostic work and in research into animal diseases. The picture that emerges in those spheres is of an organizational unit that despite its name, made little use of the approaches and methods of pathology, but rather availed itself of the tools of microbiology whether or not these were appropriate. In so doing, it lagged considerably behind the comparable institutions both in the United States and abroad.
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Smith, Ryan C. "Highlights in Medical Entomology, 2019: Familiar Foes and New Frontiers." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 5 (2020): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa120.

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Abstract The 2019 Entomological Society of America annual meeting was held in St. Louis, Missouri, just blocks away from the iconic Gateway Arch. Representing a ‘gateway to the West’, this inspired the theme of the Highlights in Medical Entomology to reflect on the accomplishments of the past year as we move into a ‘new frontier’ of vector biology research. Papers were selected broadly across arthropods that influence public health, focusing on topics ranging from West Nile virus transmission, ticks and tick-borne disease, to advances in genetics and ‘big data’ studies. This included current perspectives on West Nile virus ecology and epidemiology, which has now been endemic in the United States for 20 yr. Additional topics such as the advantages of citizen science and the importance of scientific communication were also discussed. Together, these papers demonstrate the achievements of the vector community while emphasizing the challenges that we collectively face to reduce the burden of vector-borne disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States. Entomology Research Division"

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McCloud, Janice Sue. "Gender division in American Baptist families : second and third shifts." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3774.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>The division of labor in households is an important topic in marital relationships. Families are not static; they are in a constant state of change. Employment, individual family members’ schedules, and religious beliefs can impact how couples divide household tasks. This particular study draws on in-depth interviews of four married couples from American Baptist churches to explore how couples within this type of church divide household tasks. The interviews focused on the management of second- and third-shift household tasks, as well as childcare. The purpose of obtaining this information was to see if the way American Baptist couples handle second-, third-shift duties, and childcare is more consistent with general population couples or more consistent with Evangelical/Conservative couples. Husbands and wives were interviewed separately to obtain individual thoughts and opinions. The interviews revealed that when it comes to second-shift tasks and child care, American Baptist couples are more in line with general population couples. As far as third-shift duties, Evangelical, general population, and American Baptist couples are all currently handling in very similar ways with the female performing the majority of third-shift tasks.
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Severns, Christopher Ray. "A comparison of geocoding baselayers for electronic medical record data analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3841.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>Identifying spatial and temporal patterns of disease occurrence by mapping the residential locations of affected people can provide information that informs response by public health practitioners and improves understanding in epidemiological research. A common method of locating patients at the individual level is geocoding residential addresses stored in electronic medical records (EMRs) using address matching procedures in a geographic information system (GIS). While the process of geocoding is becoming more common in public health studies, few researchers take the time to examine the effects of using different address databases on match rate and positional accuracy of the geocoded results. This research examined and compared accuracy and match rate resulting from four commonly-used geocoding databases applied to sample of 59,341 subjects residing in and around Marion County/ Indianapolis, IN. The results are intended to inform researchers on the benefits and downsides to their selection of a database to geocode patient addresses in EMRs.
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Books on the topic "United States. Entomology Research Division"

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United States. Agricultural Research Service. ARS entomology research highlights 2000-2006. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2007.

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United States. Agricultural Research Service. ARS entomology research highlights 2000-2006. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2007.

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Paredes, Jadon F. Entomology in the federal government. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Paredes, Jadon F. Entomology in the federal government. Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Henneberry, T. J. Federal entomology: Beginings and organizational entities in the United States Department of Agriculture, 1854-2006, with selected research highlights. United States Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2008.

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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Research and Laboratory Services Division. Bureau of Reclamation research. Dept. of the Interior, Research and Laboratory Services Division, 1992.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Space Physics Division. NASA, Space Physics Division. The Division, 1987.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Space Physics Division. NASA, Space Physics Division. The Division, 1987.

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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Laboratory Services Division. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1990.

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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Research and Laboratory Services Division. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States. Entomology Research Division"

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Holliday, Vance T. "Soil Surveys and Archaeology." In Soils in Archaeological Research. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149654.003.0007.

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Soil survey and mapping is one of the most fundamental and best-known applications of pedology. The preparation of soil maps began in the 19th century (Yaalon, 1997), but systematic county-based soil surveys began in the 20th century in the United States (Simonson, 1987, p. 3). The production of soil maps based on systematic soil surveys has been one of the primary driving forces in pedologic research in both academic and governmental settings in the United States and worldwide through much of the 20th century (Simonson, 1987, 1997; Yaalon and Berkowicz, 1997). For example, soil survey and mapping has been a primary function of the USDA since 1899 (Simonson, 1987, p. 3; Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, p. 11). Soil maps have been prepared for a variety of uses at scales ranging from a few hectares to those of continental and global magnitude. Published soil surveys contain a wealth of data on landscapes as well as soils, but are generally an underused (and likely misunderstood) resource in geoarchaeology, probably because of their agricultural and land-use orientation. This chapter presents a discussion of what soil surveys are (and are not) and potential as well as realized applications in archaeology. Much of the discussion focuses on the county soil surveys published by the USDA because they are so widely available, although applications of other kinds and scales of soil maps that have been applied in archaeology or that have archaeological applications also are discussed. Many countries in the world have national soil surveys whose primary mission is the mapping and inventorying of the nation’s soil resource. In the United States, soil survey is a cooperative venture of federal agencies, state agencies (including the Agricultural Experiment Stations), and local agencies, coordinated by the National Cooperative Soil Survey (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, p. 11). The principal federal agency involved in soil survey is the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS; formerly the Soil Conservation Service, SCS) of the USDA. The mapping of soils by the NRCS/USDA is probably the agency’s best-known activity. Its many published county soil surveys are its most widely known and widely used product.
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Thomas, Ursula C., and Karen W. Carter. "Claws and All." In Research Anthology on Challenges for Women in Leadership Roles. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8592-4.ch020.

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Understanding why women are underrepresented in various levels of higher education leadership fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, higher education professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women of color are not successful or are experiencing difficulty in higher education leadership professions are many and diverse. This chapter seeks to examine the discourse of Black female leaders in a predominantly White institution. The chapter will focus on types of management and communication styles that are disruptive to women of color in leadership as they lead without readily identified support in upper division administration.
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Scott, Allen J. "Geography and the Division of Labour." In Geography and Economy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199284306.003.0005.

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The concept of the division of labour in production has a long genealogy stretching back to the seventeenth century and before, and it recurs repeatedly in the writings of economists and other social theorists down to the present time. In economics, the concept plays a major role in studies of industrial organization, productivity, and trade. In sociology, it has been of major significance as the linchpin of the distinction Wrst proposed by Durkheim (1893) between mechanical and organic solidarity in society. More recently, sociologists have also made considerable use of the concept in studies of the ways in which the division of labour is intertwined with phenomena like race, class, and gender (e.g. Mies 1998; Waldinger and Bozorgmehr 1996). Over the last couple of decades, geographers, too, have made numerous forays into questions of the division of labour and much research has been accomplished on how it ramifies with various kinds of spatial and locational outcomes (Massey 1984; Sayer and Walker 1992). In brief, the concept is of much importance in a wide range of investigations of social structure and dynamics, and it appears to be enjoying something of a renaissance at the present time as social scientists discover or rediscover how profoundly it ramifies with all aspects of modern life. For geographers, the division of labour has special interest and meaning because, in its role as a mechanism of economic and social differentiation, it is also a fundamental factor in moulding the economic landscape. A peasant society with only weakly developed divisions of labour is not likely to evince much in the way of spatial differentiation except as a function of dissimilarities from place to place in agricultural potentials (themselves related to such variables as soil, climate, and topography). By contrast, economically advanced societies with deep and wide divisions of labour, as in the case of the United States today, exhibit enormous degrees of spatial variation. With the passage of time, moreover, less and less of this variation seems to bear any relationship whatever to underlying conditions of physical geography.
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Thomas, Ursula C., and Karen W. Carter. "Claws and All." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch006.

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Understanding why women are underrepresented in various levels of higher education leadership fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, higher education professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women of color are not successful or are experiencing difficulty in higher education leadership professions are many and diverse. This chapter seeks to examine the discourse of Black female leaders in a predominantly White institution. The chapter will focus on types of management and communication styles that are disruptive to women of color in leadership as they lead without readily identified support in upper division administration.
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Westermeyer, Joseph. "Opium and the People of Laos." In Dangerous Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143201.003.0009.

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This chapter reflects several different studies conducted over 3 decades. The work in Laos was conducted over a single decade, 1965–1975. These studies began with data collection on opium production in Laos, proceeded to opium usage and its functions, then to an epidemiological study of opium addiction, and finally to clinical studies of opium addiction, its treatment, and course (Westermeyer 1982). During the period 1965–1975 (Westermeyer 1971) I spent a total of 3 years in Laos. The first 2 years involved work as a general physician (with the Public Health Division of USAID) and as a graduate student in anthropology. The final 12 months were spent over the period 1971–1975, with several visits of approximately 2 months each. These last visits were funded by grants from the University of Minnesota and consultations to the Ministries of Health and Social Welfare in Laos. Subsequently, I served as a consultant to the World Health Organization from 1977 to 1997. This role involved about 20 visits to Asia as a research consultant, curriculum developer, and speaker during a time when several countries of Asia were developing their own epidemiological studies and later treatment and prevention programs. During this time, I also had the opportunity to care for and study refugees from Southeast Asia who became addicted (or readdicted) to opium in the United States (Westermeyer, Lyfoung et al. 1989, 1991; Westermeyer and Chitasombat 1995). In Laos, minorities made up about half the population. To an extent greater than the ethnic Lao themselves, many minority groups were involved in opium production and commerce. Mountaineer minorities grew poppy: Akha, Hmong, Iu Mien, Khamu, Lisu, and the Tai tribes. Expatriate Asians and Europeans, living in towns along the Mekong River, conducted opium commerce; they included ethnic Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Cambodians, and French (usually referred to as Corsicans by other French people). Those groups straddling the borders of two or three different countries were in a unique position to smuggle opium, along with legitimate trade in raw products and manufactured goods. For example, the Iu Mien moved opium from Burma and Laos down into Thailand.
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Worster, Donald. "The Ecology of Order and Chaos." In Wealth of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0016.

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The science of ecology has had a popular impact unlike that of any other academic field of research. Consider the extraordinary ubiquity of the word itself: it has appeared in the most everyday places and the most astonishing, on day-glo T-shirts, in corporate advertising, and on bridge abutments. It has changed the language of politics and philosophy— springing up in a number of countries are political groups that are self-identified as “Ecology Parties.” Yet who ever proposed forming a political party named after comparative linguistics or advanced paleontology? On several continents we have a philosophical movement termed “Deep Ecology,” but nowhere has anyone announced a movement for “Deep Entomology” or “Deep Polish Literature.” Why has this funny little word, ecology, coined by an obscure nineteenth-century German scientist, acquired so powerful a cultural resonance, so widespread a following? Behind the persistent enthusiasm for ecology, I believe, lies the hope that this science can offer a great deal more than a pile of data. It is supposed to offer a pathway to a kind of moral enlightenment that we can call, for the purposes of simplicity, “conservation.” The expectation did not originate with the public but first appeared among eminent scientists within the field. For instance, in his 1935 book Deserts on the March, the noted University of Oklahoma, and later Yale, botanist Paul Sears urged Americans to take ecology seriously, promoting it in their universities and making it part of their governing process. “In Great Britain,” he pointed out, . . . the ecologists are being consulted at every step in planning the proper utilization of those parts of the Empire not yet settled, thus . . . ending the era of haphazard exploitation. There are hopeful, but all too few signs that our own national government realizes the part which ecology must play in a permanent program. Sears recommended that the United States hire a few thousand ecologists at the county level to advise citizens on questions of land use and thereby bring an end to environmental degradation; such a brigade, he thought, would put the whole nation on a biologically and economically sustainable basis.
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"Both opponents and proponents of food irradiation have been sources of misinformation or valid information presented in a misleading way (20). As described by a leading British consumer representative: “ The battle to get irradiation of food accepted as a beneficial food processing technique has been waged for some 30 years. It is an interesting case of warring factions glaring at each other across a gulf of incomprehension” ( ). In this book an attempt will be made to provide factual data as a basis for a more rational approach to these controversies. The seminar jointly held by IOCU (International Organization of Consumer Unions) and ICGFI (International Con­ sultative Group on Food Irradiation) in 1993 (22) has raised hopes that this gulf of incomprehension can be narrowed, perhaps even closed. There is voluminous scientific literature on food irradiation, but it is not easy to come by because contributions have come from so many disciplines. Relevant reports have been published in journals of food technology, nutrition, microbiol­ ogy, analytical chemistry, food chemistry, radiation chemistry, radiation physics, toxicology, health physics, and other fields. There is only one scientific journal devoted exclusively to food irradiation research: Shokuhin-Shosha (Food Irradia­ tion, Japan), published by the Japanese Research Association for Food Irradiation since 1965; articles are in Japanese, with English abstracts. In order to facilitate access to this literature a computerized irradiation information database called IRREFCO (Irradiation Reference Collection) has been installed at the National Agricultural Library in the United States. It is initially aimed at making available the research contract reports generated in programs sponsored by the U. S. Army and U. S. Atomic Energy Commission in the 1950s and 1960s. Those reports are not accessible through ordinary library services. A selected annotated bibliogra­ phy is offered since 1993 (23). A bibliography on food irradiation has been prepared since 1955 by the Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Karlsruhe, Germany; it now contains over 10,000 documents. The whole database is pro­ cessed and stored on computer, and is also available in printed form. In recent years one issue of the printed bibliography has been published annually, each with 300-600 references (24). In the following chapters only a small fraction of these documents can be mentioned. The author endeavors to quote primarily those studies that will guide the reader to key issues, to review articles, and to other works showing a path to the remaining literature. Useful documentation of developments in food irradiation research can be found in three newsletters. Food Irradiation Quarterly International Newsletter (Saclay) was published in English and French by the European Information Center for Food Irradiation, Saclay, France, from 1960 to 1971. The International Project in the Field of Food Irradiation issued Food Irradiation Information (Karlsruhe) from 1972 until 1982. The Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, has Published Food Irradiation Newsletter (Vienna) since 1976." In Safety of Irradiated Foods. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "United States. Entomology Research Division"

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Bagchi, Goutam, Syed Ali, and James Costello. "Containment Design, Performance Criteria and Research Needs for Advanced Reactor Designs." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49411.

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This paper points out some important shifts in the basic expectations in the performance requirements for containment structures and discusses the areas where the containment structure design requirements and acceptance criteria can be integrated with ultimate test based insights. Although there has not been any new reactor construction in the United States for over thirty years, several designs of evolutionary and advanced reactors have already been certified. Performance requirements for containment structures under design basis and severe accident conditions and explicit consideration of seismic margins have been used in the design certification process. In the United States, the containment structure design code is the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1, Subsection NE-Class MC for the steel containment and Section III, Division 2 for reinforced and prestressed concrete reactor vessels and containments. This containment design code was based on the early concept of applying design basis internal pressure and associated load combinations that included the operating basis and safe shutdown earthquake ground motion. These early design criteria served the nuclear industry and the regulatory authorities in maintaining public health and safety. However, these early design criteria do not incorporate the performance criteria related to containment function in an integrated fashion. Research in large scale model testing of containment structures to failure from over pressurization and shake table testing using simulated ground motion, have produced insights related to failure modes and material behavior at failure. The results of this research provide the opportunity to integrate these observations into design and acceptance criteria. This integration process would identify “gaps” in the present knowledge and future research needs. This knowledge base is important for gleaning risk-informed insights into the design basis and severe accident behavior of containments.
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Muhlanger, Michelle, Daniel Parent, Kristine Severson, and Benjamin Perlman. "Development of Performance Requirements for a Rail Passenger Workstation Table Safety Standard." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42031.

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The American Public Transportation Association’s (APTA) Construction and Structural committee, a railroad industry group, with the support of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), is creating an industry safety standard for an energy absorbing table. Workstation tables in passenger trains are an increasingly popular seating configuration both in the United States and abroad. Although a well-attached table can provide convenience and compartmentalization for the occupant, there is a risk of abdominal injury during a rail accident. In Fact, there have been several accidents in the United States in which impacts with workstation tables have severely or fatally injured occupants. In 2006, in response to these injuries, an FRA sponsored program developed a prototype table that distributed load over a wider area of the abdomen and absorbed energy during a collision. This table design was tested with specialized anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) instrumented to measure abdominal impact response and was shown to decrease injury risk compared to a baseline table design. Building on the knowledge gained in the development of the prototype table, the proposed standard requires force to the abdomen be limited while energy is absorbed by the table. Since manufacturers do not have access specialized ATDs, researchers proposed a two part testing requirement. The first part is a quasi-static test which measures the energy absorption capacity of the table with a maximum force level determined from testing with specialized abdominal ATDs. The second part is a sled test with a standard Hybrid III 50th percentile (HIII) ATD to assess compliance with occupant protection standards of compartmentalization and ATD injury assessment reference values (IARVs). This paper discusses the research performed to develop the performance requirement in the draft standard. Current injury measures, originally developed for the automotive industry, were examined to assess their applicability to workstation table impacts. Multiple Mathematical Dynamic Models (MADYMO) model simulations show the estimated injuries during a simulated sled test scenario. Several force-crush parameters were examined, including the initial stiffness of the force-crush curve, the plateau force and the target energy absorbed by the table, to determined the force-crush design characteristics of a table that are likely to reduce injury risk. The results of this study, combined with testing of the current prototype table described in a companion paper [1], led to a draft standard that will greatly improve the safety of workstation tables in passenger rail cars.
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Zhang, Tiejian, Guohui Cong, Yan Yan, Wei Zhang, and Xueling Wang. "Effects of Medium Containing Free Gas on Hydraulic Performance of Certain Single Stage Centrifugal Pump in 3rd Generation Reactor." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69481.

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Pumping medium containing gas has a negative impact on the centrifugal pump on mechanical properties (such as vibration, noise) and hydraulic performance, but also affect the accuracy of hydraulic test. in the GL2008-01 open letter, the United States Nuclear Regulatory (NRC) requires that some safety systems shall take into account the adverse effects of gas and the American Institute for Nuclear Research (NEI) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) pointed out the American Institute for Nuclear Research (NEI) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) pointed out that the gas in suction side shall not exceed the limit of 2% (volume ratio). In HPR1000, the 3rd generation reactor, it is the first time proposed that some systems are with long-term gas entrainment condition, and there is up to 3% (volume ratio) free gas in the horizontal centrifugal Spray Pump suction side water. In order to study the 3% gas entrainment condition effects on the hydraulic performance of Spray pump, a way is found to calculate the head drop by some equations and carried out a containing free gas hydraulic test. The results show that under the 3% gas condition, Spray pump head is 0.60% dropped by equation calculation and 0.66% dropped by test, comparing with no gas condition. The 3% gas effects on the Spray pump performance are very small. The reasons is that the structure of the Spray pump is well for vent during operation and the gas is not accumulate in the pump, so the performance of the pump has no effect.
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Jangale, Vilas, Alexei Saveliev, Serguei Zelepouga, Vitaly Gnatenko, and John Pratapas. "A Real-Time Method for Determining the Composition and Heating Value of Opportunity Fuel Blends." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81111.

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Engine manufacturers and researchers in the United States are finding growing interest among customers in the use of opportunity fuels such as syngas from the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass and biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass. Once adequately cleaned, the most challenging issue in utilizing these opportunity fuels in engines is that their compositions can vary from site to site and with time depending on feedstock and process parameters. At present, there are no identified methods that can measure the composition and heating value in real-time. Key fuel properties of interest to the engine designer/researcher such as heating value, laminar flame speed, stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and Methane Number can then be determined. This paper reports on research aimed at developing a real-time method for determining the composition of a variety of opportunity fuels and blends with natural gas. Interfering signals from multiple measurement sources are processed collectively using multivariate regression methods, such as, the principal components regression and partial least squares regression to predict the composition and energy content of the fuel blends. The accuracy of the method is comparable to gas chromatography.
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Hart, John M., Bryan Schlake, Sinisa Todorovic, J. Riley Edwards, Narendra Ahuja, and Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Machine Vision Condition Monitoring of Railcar Structural Underframe Components." In ASME 2009 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2009-18043.

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Monitoring the structural health of rolling stock is critical to ensuring safe and efficient railroad operation. The structural integrity of freight cars depends on the health of certain structural components within their underframes. These structural components serve two principal functions: supporting the car body and lading, and transmitting longitudinal buff and draft forces. Although railcars are engineered to withstand large static, dynamic and cyclical loads, various structural defects can still develop within their underframes. As a result, both the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations and individual railroad mechanical department practices require periodic inspection of railcars to detect structural damage and defects. These inspections are conducted manually and rely heavily on the acuity, knowledge and endurance of qualified inspection personnel. Enhancements are possible through machine-vision technology, which uses computer algorithms to convert digital image data into useful information. This paper describes research investigating the feasibility of an automated inspection system capable of detecting structural defects in freight car underframes and presents an inspection approach using machine-vision techniques, including multi-scale image segmentation. Using field data from a preliminary image acquisition system, algorithms were developed to analyze images of railcar underframes and assess the condition of certain structural components. This technology, in conjunction with additional preventive maintenance systems, has the potential to provide more objective information on railcar condition, improve utilization of railcar inspection and repair resources, increase train and employee safety, and improve overall railroad network efficiency.
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Unwin, Stephen D., Peter P. Lowry, and Michael Y. Toyooka. "Component Degradation Susceptibilities as the Bases for Modeling Reactor Aging Risk." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25750.

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The extension of nuclear power plant operating licenses beyond 60 years in the United States will be necessary if we are to meet national energy needs while addressing the issues of carbon and climate. Characterizing the operating risks associated with aging reactors is problematic because the principal tool for risk-informed decision-making, Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), is not ideally-suited to addressing aging systems. The components most likely to drive risk in an aging reactor — the passives — receive limited treatment in PRA, and furthermore, standard PRA methods are based on the assumption of stationary failure rates: a condition unlikely to be met in an aging system. A critical barrier to modeling passives aging on the wide scale required for a PRA is that there is seldom sufficient field data to populate parametric failure models, and nor is there always the availability of practical physics models to predict out-year component reliability. The methodology described here circumvents some of these data and modeling needs by using materials degradation metrics, integrated with conventional PRA models, to produce risk importance measures for specific aging mechanisms and component types. We suggest that these measures have multiple applications, from the risk-screening of components to the prioritization of materials research.
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Lacey, Joshua S., Sakthish R. Sathasivam, Zoran S. Filipi, Richard J. Peyla, William J. Cannella, and Peter A. Fuentes-Afflick. "Impact of Refinery Stream Gasoline Property Variation on Load Sensitivity of the HCCI Combustion." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81207.

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The HCCI combustion process is highly reliant upon a favorable in-cylinder thermal environment in an engine, for a given fuel. Commercial fuels can differ considerably in composition and auto-ignition chemistry, hence strategies intended to bring HCCI to market must account for this fuel variability. To this end, a test matrix consisting of eight gasoline fuels comprised of blends made solely from refinery streams were run in an experimental, single cylinder HCCI engine. All fuels contained 10% ethanol by volume and were representative of a cross-section of fuels one would expect to find at gasoline pumps across the United States. The properties of the fuels were varied according to research octane number (RON), sensitivity (S=RON-MON) and volumetric content of aromatics and olefins. For each fuel, a sweep of load (mass of fuel injected per cycle) was conducted and the intake air temperature was adjusted in order to keep the crank angle of the 50% mass fraction burned point (CA50) constant. By analyzing the amount of temperature compensation required to maintain constant combustion phasing, it was possible to determine the sensitivity of HCCI to changes in load for various fuels. In addition, the deviation of fuel properties brought about variations in important engine performance metrics like specific fuel consumption. Though the injected energy content per cycle was matched at the baseline point across the test fuel matrix, thermodynamic differences resulted in a spread of specific fuel consumption for the fuels tested.
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Pinney, Chris, Melissa Shurland, and Brian Smith. "Cost Benefit Analysis of Alternative Fuel and Motive Power." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4704.

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A research initiative by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) was developed to better understand the potential cost and benefits of using alternative fuels for United States freight and passenger locomotive operations. The framework for a decision model was developed to evaluate the feasibility of these newly emerging technologies. Because these alternatives (fuels and engine designs) are at early stages of development, the objective is to identify the most feasible alternatives and support their future development. Energy security policies developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and emission standards set forth by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are driving most of the technology initiatives related to alternative fuels in the US. Identifying alternatives that may provide benefits in the areas of emissions and energy security in relation to their potential cost, safety, and operating efficiencies are the main analysis objectives of this study. Some of the alternative energy sources being studied, and that may be in limited use are biomass, natural gas and coal. These energy sources have the potential to replace diesel fuel and provide power for locomotive operations. However, most are considered experimental by the railway industry. In most cases engine modifications or complete motive power design changes are required. As a result, the use of alternative fuels or locomotives that are different from current diesel engine designs represent only a small percent of the total railroad fleet. The main drivers for the decision model identified in this research effort are Cost, Energy, Security, Emissions, Safety and Efficiency. Under each decision driver there are multiple criteria that may be used for comparison between proposed alternatives. The goal of the decision model is to understand if the criteria under the decision drivers are independently a cost or benefit to industry stakeholders as compared to a baseline case.
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Sartain, John, Don Newburry, Mikko Pitkanen, and Markku Ikonen. "3-Way Catalyst Testing at VTT Energy." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0592.

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Emissions regulations on stationary, natural gas fired reciprocating engines are becoming increasingly tighter throughout the United States. In addition to lower NOx, CO and hydrocarbon limits, regulation of HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) emissions has become more prevalent. Rich burn (stoichiometric) natural gas engines are widely used in the oil and gas industry, as well as in distributed power generation. Due to the low oxygen content in the exhaust, these engines are suitable for 3-Way catalyst, which simultaneously reduces NOx and oxidizes CO and hydrocarbons. A series of 3-Way catalyst tests were conducted on a small natural gas engine at the VTT Technical Research Centre in Espoo, Finland. The overall goals of the testing were to determine the ability of various 3-Way catalysts to meet California emissions regulations and to gather data on HAPs emission reductions. The testing was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, several fresh catalysts were tested at the NOx/CO crossover point (i.e., the point where CO and NOx reduction percent is approximately equal) by using an air/fuel ratio controller to keep the exhaust oxygen level constant. Detailed emissions measurements of both regulated and unregulated emissions were taken. The measurements included NOx, CO, hydrocarbon species, CH2O, N2O, NH3, and H2. In phase 2, the effects of exhaust lambda variation on NOx and CO were studied in more detail, with aged catalyst. Also, different engine loads were tested to vary the space velocity and temperature. This paper describes the testing in more detail and presents some of the resulting data.
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10

Lacey, Joshua S., Sakthish R. Sathasivam, Zoran S. Filipi, William J. Cannella, and Peter A. Fuentes-Afflick. "HCCI Operability Limits: The Impact of Refinery Stream Gasoline Property Variation." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92129.

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HCCI combustion is highly dependent on in-cylinder thermal conditions favorable to auto-ignition, for a given fuel. Fuels available at the pump can differ considerably in composition and auto-ignition chemistry, hence strategies intended to bring HCCI to market must account for the fuel variability. To this end, a test matrix consisting of eight gasoline fuels composed of blends made solely from refinery streams was investigated in an experimental, single cylinder HCCI engine. The base compositions were largely representative of gasoline one would expect to find across the United States, although some of the fuels had slightly lower average octane values than the ASTM minimum specification of 87. All fuels had 10% ethanol by volume included in the blend. The properties of the fuels were varied according to research octane number (RON), sensitivity (S=RON−MON) and the volumetric fractions of aromatics and olefins. For each fuel, a sweep of the fuelling was carried out at each speed from the level of instability to excessive ringing to determine the limits of HCCI operation. This was repeated for a range of speeds to determine the overall operability zone. The fuels were kept at a constant intake air temperature during these tests. The variation of fuel properties brought about changes in the overall operating range of each fuel, as some fuels had more favorable low load limits, whereas others enabled more benefit at the high load limit. The extent to which the combustion event changed from the low load limit to the high load limit was examined as well, to provide a relative criterion indicating the sensitivity of HCCI range to particular fuel properties.
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