Dissertations / Theses: 'United States – History – 1815-1861'

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Gray, Elizabeth Kelly. "American attitudes toward British imperialism, 1815--1860." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623404.

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This dissertation explores American attitudes toward British imperialism between 1815 and 1860 to determine what Americans thought of imperialism before the United States became an imperial power. It addresses the debate of whether the United States's acquisition of an empire in the 1890s was intentional or was, as many historians have characterized it, an accidental acquisition by a people long opposed to empire. This study also explores the benefits of incorporating American culture and society into the study of American imperialism.;This era connects the time when Americans re-established their independence from Great Britain---with the War of 1812---to the eve of the Civil War, which solved the sectional crisis and thus put the nation in a position to pursue overseas expansion unimpeded. America changed rapidly during this era. New Protestant denominations challenged the church's authority, industrialization made workplaces more hierarchical and caused greater awareness of class, and a print revolution brought many more Americans into the reading public.;During the era under review, many Americans commented on episodes throughout the British empire. their views on issues including religion, war, and slavery strongly influenced their attitudes toward foreign events. Meanwhile, the often sketchy nature of accounts from abroad enabled writers to accept some accounts and doubt others.;The variety of American experiences partly explains the varying attitudes toward imperialism. Many Americans praised the British for spreading Protestant Christianity, a rigorous work ethic, and British governance, and for bringing new producers and consumers into international trade. They tended to accept the means to these ends, such as high mortality among natives and British suppression of native insurrections. But others lambasted the British for introducing diseases, weapons, and alcohol that decimated native populations and for reaping profits by exploiting natives.;Almost all Americans agreed that the British imperial system was flawed, but few concluded that imperialism was inherently wrong or unworkable. Although most considered the acquisition of a territorial empire unnecessary, they believed that a commercial American empire could benefit all parties involved.

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Reidy, Thomas Edward. "Objects of confidence and choice| Professional communities in Alabama, 1804-1861." Thesis, The University of Alabama, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620160.

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Objects of Confidence and Choice considered the centrality of professional communities in Alabama, from1804 to 1861. The dissertation highlighted what it meant to be a professional, as well as what professionals meant to their communities, by examining themes of education, family, wealth patterns, slaveholding, and professional identities This project defined professionals as men with professional degrees or licenses to practice: doctors, lawyers, clergymen, teachers, and others. Several men who appeared in this study have been widely studied: William Lowndes Yancey, Josiah Nott, Dr. J. Marion Sims, James Birney, Leroy Pope Walker, Clement Comer Clay, and his son, Clement Claiborne Clay. Others are less familiar today, but were, in many cases, leaders of their towns and cities. Names were culled from various censuses and tax records and put into a database that included items such as age, marital status, children, real property, personal property, and slaveholding. In total, the database included 453 names. The study also mined a rich vein of primary source material from the very articulate professional community. Objects of Confidence and Choice indicated that professionals were not a social class but a community of institution builders. In order to refine this conclusion, a more targeted investigation of professionals in a single antebellum Alabama town will be needed.

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Leach, Kristine. "Nineteenth and twentieth century migrant and immigrant women : a search for common ground." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2280.

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This study considers the question of whether immigrant women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had similarities in their experiences as immigrants to the United States. Two time periods were examined : the years between 1815 and the Civil War and the years since 1965 . As often as was possible, first- person accounts of immigrant women were used. For the nineteenth century women, these consisted of published letters and diaries and an occasional autobiography. For the contemporary women, published accounts and interviews were used. Twenty- six women from sixteen different countries were interviewed by the author. The interviewees were from a broad spectrum of educational, socioeconomic, and religious backgrounds. The first chapter discusses reasons for emigration, the difficulties of leaving one's home, and the problems of the journey. The second chapter considers some of the problems of adjusting to a new environment, such as adapting to new kinds of food and housing, feelings of isolation, separation from family and friends, language problems, and prejudice. The third chapter deals with family issues. It examines how living in a culture with new freedoms and opportunities affected relationships with husbands and children. Many immigrant women, either by choice or necessity, worked outside the home for the first time after immigrating, which changed a woman's role within the family. This chapter also looks at the difficulty of watching one's children grow up in a culture with different expectations and standards of behavior. The conclusion drawn from this study is that many women who have immigrated to the United States, even those from very different times and situations, have had a surprising number of experiences and emotions in common as part of their immigrant experience

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Johansson, M. Jane Harris. "Peculiar honor: a history of the 28th Texas Cavalry (Dismounted), Walker's Texas Division, 1861-1865." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798373/.

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This study traces the history of the 28th Texas Cavalry by using a traditional narrative style augmented by a quantitative approach. Compiled service records, United States census records, state tax rolls, muster rolls, and casualty lists were used to construct a database containing a record for each soldier of the 28th. Statistical analysis revealed the overwhelming southern origins of the regiment, the greater proportion of older and married men compared to other regiments, and a close resemblance to the people of their home region in terms of occupations, slaveholding and wealthholding.

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Davies, Emily R. "What Sorrows and What Joys: The Civil War Diaries of Cloe Tyler Whittle, 1861-1866." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625840.

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Smart, Ann Morgan. "The Urban/Rural Dichotomy of Status Consumption: Tidewater Virginia, 1815." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625332.

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Terry, Gail S. "Family empires: A frontier elite in Virginia and Kentucky, 1740-1815." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720319.

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This study traces the social and cultural odyssey of three generations of elite families as they moved from Ireland and Pennsylvania to the Virginia frontier and eventually sent branches into Kentucky. It focuses on the influence of gender roles and kinship in enabling this elite to consolidate its power in Virginia and to extend that authority across the Appalachians.;Although its members were mostly Scotch-Irish, a shared commercial heritage proved more significant than common ethnic origins in defining the culture of this elite. Men entered Virginia as advantaged outsiders. They quickly shifted the focus of their entrepreneurial drive from Britain and Philadelphia to the vast lands of the interior. They succeeded in increasing their wealth, power, and social status in Virginia and in passing on these qualities and the values that underlay them to their sons and grandsons.;Women's roles complemented those of men. While men travelled widely to oversee the government and settlement of a vast frontier, wives remained at home and acted in their husbands' steads. By the time the third generation came of age, however, this role for women had narrowed as increasingly specialized occupations for men limited the involvement of wives in their husbands' daily business affairs. Third generation wives proved better educated than their mothers and grandmothers, however, and cultivated an active interest in politics.;Ties of kinship bound nuclear families together into a regional elite, and extended kin networks played important economic and emotional roles. Men cooperated with kin in speculative commercial ventures, looked out for each others' political interests, and encouraged one another in their endeavors. Female relatives assisted mothers in childbirth and in caring for young children. A wide array of kin helped parents educate and socialize their children and eventually influenced a young person's selection of a mate.;Patterns of serial migration made possible the recreation of kinship networks in Kentucky, while letters and visits kept Virginia and Kentucky branches of families in touch. Common concerns--business interests, family news, religious faith, and their children--bound kin on both sides of the Appalachians together into an emerging southern elite.

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Hunter, Robert R. "Ceramic Acquisition Patterns at Meadow Farm, 1810-1861." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625383.

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9

Newby-Alexander, Cassandra. ""The world was all before them": A study of the black community in Norfolk, Virginia, 1861-1884." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623823.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the lives, accomplishments, and struggles of the black community in Norfolk, Virginia, between the years of 1861 and 1884, from the black perspective.;The integration of documents with statistics to uncover the mentalite of blacks is the focus of this study's research. The black community of this period was not always reactive, but active in determining its own fate. Even during slavery, Norfolk's blacks took an active role in their destiny through participation in the Underground Railroad.;This study suggests that blacks strove diligently to work with, and in some cases, conciliate, the white oligarchy. Unfortunately, their efforts met with resistance and defeat. Despite these difficulties, the black community pulled together to assist its members as the whites unified to subjugate them.;The results of the investigation suggest that had blacks continued to be politically active, Norfolk would have had an economically prosperous black community. Instead, the introduction of Jim Crow laws served to oppress blacks economically and produce a sense of hopelessness, socially and politically.

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Hughes, Shannon Lynn. "Luxury Consumption in 1815 Fredericksburg, Virginia: Gender, Race, and the Personal Property Tax." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626200.

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Szpakowicz, Błażej Sebastian. "British trade, political economy and commercial policy towards the United States, 1783-1815." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610189.

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Van, Zelm Antoinette G. "On the front lines of freedom: Black and white women shape emancipation in Virginia, 1861-1890." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623923.

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Black and white women in Virginia were on the front lines of the struggle over emancipation during and after the Civil War. Between 1861 and 1890, both former slave and former slaveholding women shaped black freedom and thereby re-invented themselves as citizens within their local communities.;Focusing on women who lived in the southeastern and south-central regions of Virginia, this study expands the narrative of Southern history to encompass the vigorous contest between black and white women over the meanings of slavery, the war, and freedom. Based on federal records and private papers, this dissertation assesses women's ideas about the end of slavery and the creation of a free society.;Emancipation was revolutionary for black women and profoundly affected the lives of many white women. For freedwomen, it meant greater control over their family and working lives, education, and community organization, as well as new access to public spaces and a sense of themselves as American citizens. For former slaveholding women, emancipation meant financial loss, fewer household workers, and reduced control over those domestic servants, in addition to a re-appraisal of the benefits of slavery and a stark representation of the destruction of the Confederacy.;As workers and employers after the war, Virginia women transformed the white-owned domestic workplace into one of the most significant and highly politicized venues for negotiating freedom. as skilled workers, cooks and washerwomen gained the most independence among servants. While both workers and employers sought to retain some aspects of slavery, employers' maternalism increasingly came into conflict with workers' communal resourcefulness.;While they interacted as workers and employers, black and white women led separate lives in the civic realm. They did, however, take part in some similar activities there. as engaged citizens, both freedwomen and former mistresses contributed to the public creation of communal histories of the war by participating, respectively, in Emancipation Day celebrations and Lost Cause commemorations. In these civic rituals, Virginia women emphasized racial solidarity and affirmed their national and regional allegiances. The orchestrated transition from slavery to freedom within civic spaces paralleled the struggle to define emancipation within individual households.

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Hilpert, Zachary Michael. "Ruins Reframed: The Commodification of American Urban Disaster, 1861-1906." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720327.

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This dissertation explores images of urban disaster and related events produced from the Civil War to the dawn of the 20th century, seeking to understand the role such visual media played in the formation of American identity and racial perceptions. Images of disasters that appeared throughout this period demonstrate a desire on the part of a largely white, native-born consumer class to share in a collective grieving process, one that initially recalled the comforts found in the communal suffering of the Civil War, but habitually eschewed the most tragic elements in favor of an optimistic, nationalistic narrative free of lasting trauma. Out of this desire for mutual grieving and recovery emerged a market for tokens of palatable tragedy in the final decades of the nineteenth century. This market was fed by a growing industry of disaster commodification that co-opted urban destruction in the service of an ultimately white supremacist formulation of American identity.;These images gave consumers the ability to experience disaster and loss remotely, in more immediate and vivid ways than news reports or letters. Yet a line of acceptability was drawn in the process of commodifying these disasters, and resulted in a wealth of imagery that tells a far different -- and far more hopeful -- story of each disaster than the death tolls and oft ignored tales of costly human error could ever have crafted. The images instead create a fantasy narrative of disasters and aftermaths firmly under human control, and a racist, ultranationalistic view of the world in which white Americans are challenged by adversity, but always persevere to construct a new and better world -- often in spite of the efforts of the racialized monsters in their midst.

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Gillespie, Susan W. "Church, State, and School: The Education of Freedmen in Virginia, 1861-1870." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626178.

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O'Hallahan, Ryan C. ""Our Captain is a Gentleman”: Officer Elections among Virginia Confederates, 1861-1862." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4869.

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Enlisted soldiers preferred to elect company- and regimental-level officers during the first year of the American Civil War. This thesis explores how early Confederate mobilization, class conflict between elites and non-elites, and Confederate military policies affected officer elections from spring 1861 to spring 1862 among Virginia Confederates. Chapter 1 explores how the chaotic nature of mobilization and common soldiers' initial expectations regarding their military service influenced elections from April 1861 until late July 1861. Chapter 2 details the changing nature of elections as elite officers faced challenges from non-elites and Confederate policies regarding furloughs and conscription forced officers to reconcile their men’s expectations of loose discipline with directives from senior commanders.

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Thomason, Lisa. "Jacksonian Democracy and the Electoral College: Politics and Reform in the Method of Selecting Presidential Electors, 1824-1833." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2775/.

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The Electoral College and Jacksonian Democracy are two subjects that have been studied extensively. Taken together, however, little has been written on how the method of choosing presidential electors during the Age of Jackson changed. Although many historians have written on the development of political parties and the increase in voter participation during this time, none have focused on how politicians sought to use the method of selecting electors to further party development in the country. Between 1824 and 1832 twelve states changed their methods of choosing electors. In almost every case, the reason for changing methods was largely political but was promoted in terms of advancing democracy. A careful study of the movement toward selecting electors on a general ticket shows that political considerations in terms of party and/or state power were much more important than promoting democratic ideals. Despite the presence of a few true reformers who consistently pushed for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing that all states used the same method, the conclusion must be that politics and party demanded a change. This study relies heavily on legislative records at both the state and national level and newspapers throughout t the country from the period. Beginning with a brief history of the office of the president and an overview of the presidential elections prior to 1824, the author then carefully analyzes the elections of 1824, 1828, and 1832, as well as the various efforts to amend the constitutional provisions dealing with the Electoral College. Particular emphasis is placed on political factions at the state level, the development of the Democratic and National Republican parties nationally, and how each party used and at time manipulated the electoral process to secure a favorable outcome for their candidates.

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Cash, Sherri Goldstein. ""A poor woman wants permit to go to Almshouse": Women, gender and poverty in New York's Burned-Over District, 1821-1861." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279797.

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This dissertation studies poor women and the poverty relief system in New York's "Burned-Over District," the region comprising the Erie Canal corridor, during the period 1821-1861. The study offers a response to the historiography of middle-class formation in the region, which has largely omitted discussion of the working class and particularly the poor. While charitable work was critical in middle-class women's activities, poor women themselves are shadowy figures in the historiography. The following dissertation attempts to elucidate who poor women in the region were and why and how they used the poverty relief system. The study also uses gender as a framework of analysis in examining the middle-class discourse about poverty, the poor and especially poor women. In this discourse, able-bodied married and widowed women appeared as relatively deserving of assistance or as "worthy" poor for much of the period while single mothers and childless single women appeared as "unworthy." By the end of the antebellum era, only downwardly mobile, formerly middle-class, white, Protestant women appeared in the discourse as poor women who were entitled to public dependence.

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Ashley, Daniel. "Civil War Photographs Considered." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AshleyD2004.pdf.

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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Recasting the Restrictive System: Portrayal of Deception in Jeffersonian Policies 1805-1815." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/728.

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Weir, Rebecca Jane. "Written war : reportage and the literary, 1861-1866." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609236.

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Stites, Russell. "Creating the Character of North Texas: Demographics and Geography, 1841-1861." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609095/.

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Several historians have identified North Texas as constituting a unique cultural region in antebellum Texas, due to the more limited cotton and slave economies and greater opposition to secession. Different settlement patterns have been put forward as an explanation for the distinct "character" of North Texas, with North Texas being portrayed as being settled largely by migrants from the Upper South while the rest of the state was primarily settled by Lower Southerners. The argument rests on the assumption of differing economic and political cultures between Upper and Lower Southerners. This study investigates migration into North Texas counties and the economic life and secession vote in those counties. It challenges the simplistic dichotomy between migrants from the Upper and Lower South by demonstrating the similar rates at which these two groups grew cotton and owned slaves. It also illustrates how geographic considerations better explain the apparent distinctions between North Texas and the rest of the state. Transportation limitations are likely the reason for the more limited cultivation of cotton and, consequently, the lowered importance of slavery in North Texas. Concerns about Indian depredations following the removal of federal troops in the case of secession also seem to have promoted Unionist turnout in the secession vote. The seemingly unique qualities of North Texas appear to have been more practical than political.

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Tate, Michael Joseph. "The Causes of the American Civil War: Trends in Historical Interpretation, 1950-1976." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500242/.

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This thesis examines the trends in historical interpretation concerning the coming of the American Civil War. The main body of works examined were written between 1950 and 1976, beginning with Allan Nevins' Ordeal of the Union and concluding with David M. Potter's The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861. It also includes a brief survey of some works written after 1976. The main source for discovering the materials included were the bibliographies of both monographs and general histories published during and after the period 1950-1976. Also, perusal of the contents and book review sections of scholarly journals, in particular the Journal of Southern History and Civil War History, was helpful in discovering sources and placing works in a time chronology for the thesis narrative.

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23

Thill, Henry T. "Study of an American Civil War chaplaincy : Henry Clay Trumbull, 10th Connecticut Volunteers /." Thesis, This resource online, 1986. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102011/.

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Drolet, Marc 1968. "The North American squadron of the Royal Navy, 1807-1815 /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82857.

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This study explores the role of the Royal Navy's North American squadron in protecting Britain's colonies and trade in North America from 1847 to 1815. The squadron had its origins in the war of 1739--48, when it became clear that a fleet based on the eastern Atlantic or the West Indies could not adequately support operations in the North American theatre. The British naval establishment, however, even when North America was the principle theatre of war, never developed as strong an attachment to the North American squadron as it did to its fleets in the West Indies or other theatres. It was, with a few notable exceptions, generally treated as one of the lesser commands of the Royal Navy, and rarely received more than secondary consideration from the Admiralty. This was especially true during the Napoleonic Wars, in which the North American station was viewed a one of the 'quiet' stations, especially when compared to the more active stations in the West Indies.
England's main priority was in defeating France, and she was willing to achieve this at the expense of antagonizing the United States, leading to an unnecessary war with them in 1812. Yet even when faced with a new war in North America, the needs of the squadron were considered of secondary importance to the war in Europe, and several months passed before sizable reinforcements were sent to the North American theatre. Even when the war in Europe ended in 1814, the British leaders continued to treat North America as a secondary theatre. Their efforts to gain victory were at best half-hearted, and the government was more interested in demobilizing the navy to cut costs than in defeating the United States.
The War of 1812 brought little glory to England or the Royal Navy, and there was much criticism in the way the conflict was fought after the war. The inability of England's leaders to correctly read the situation in the United States or to understand the American threat led them to send forces inadequate to wage more than a limited war in North America. Despite this, the performance of the North American Squadron in this period was far more commendable than has generally been acknowledged, especially in light of the handicaps set upon it. This work will give a detailed description of the operations of the squadron, to give a better understanding of its role in this period.

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Drolet, Marc. "[The] North American squadron of the Royal Navy, 1807-1815." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107545.

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Note:
This study explores the role of the Royal Na'vy's North American Squadron in protecting Britain' s colonies and trade in North America from 1807 to 1815. The squadron had its origins in the war of 1739-48, when it became clear that a fleet based on the eastem Atlantic or the West Indies could not adequately support operations in the North American theatre. The British naval establishment, however, even when North America was the principle theatre of war, never developed as strong an attachment to the North American Squadron as it did to its fleets in the West Indies or other theatres. It was, with a few notable exceptions, generally treated as one of the lesser commands of the Royal Navy, and rarely received more than secondary consideration from the Admiralty. This was especially true during the Napoleonic Wars, in which the North American station was viewed a one of the 'quiet' stations, especially when compared to the more active stations in the West Indies.
Notre étude trace le role de la marine britannique en Amérique du Nord entre 1807 et 1815. L'origine de la flotte remonte à la guerre de 1739-48, quand c'était devenu évident que les flottes dans le secteur de l'est Atlantique ou dans les Antilles n'étaient pas capables de supporter des opérations en Amérique du Nord. Mais cette flotte était rarement considérée comme une des flottes importantes dans la marine britannique. Ceci était le cas durant la guerre contre Napoléon, quand la flotte américaine protégeait un secteur perçu comme tranquille comparativement à la flotte antillaise, elle plus active.

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Brill, Kristen Cree. "Rewriting southern womanhood in the American Civil War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608254.

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Terry, Clinton W. "The Most Commercial of People: Cincinnati, the Civil War, and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism, 1861-1865." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1021389093.

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Bennett, Stewart L. "A Warfare of Giants: The Battle for Atlanta, July 22, 1864." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BennettSL2009.pdf.

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Miller, Aaron Wilhelm. "Glorious Summer: A Cultural History of Nineteenth-Century Baseball, 1861-1920." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354309531.

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Magness, Penny J. "An Application of Marxian and Weberian Theories of Capitalism: the Emergence of Big Businesses in the United States, 1861 to 1890." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801922/.

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This study was an examination of businesses that became big businesses in the United States during the time period between the years of 1861 and 1890, a period of time frequently referred to as the “big business era.” The purpose of the study was to identify actions taken by businesses that enabled them to become and remain big businesses. A secondary purpose of the study was to show that these actions were explained by theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber. The results of the study showed that businesses which took specific actions were able to become and remain big businesses and these actions were explained by the theories of Marx and Weber. The results of the study demonstrate the ability of classical sociological theory to explain macro-level social change.

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Dozier, Graham Town. "The Eighteenth North Carolina Infantry Regiment, C.S.A." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102014/.

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Watts, Gordon P. "Phantoms of Anglo-Confederate commerce : an historical and archaeological investigation of American civil war blockade running." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2891.

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During the American Civil War Wilmington, North Carolina and the Bermudian ports of St. Georges and Hamilton served as vital links in a complex trading network that developed to facilitate the exchange of southern agricultural products for war materials and civilian merchandise through a Union blockade of the Confederacy. Although that material contributed significantly to the Confederate war effort, Anglo-Confederate blockade running has received limited scholarly attention. Much of the associated literature is based on memoirs rather than scholarship and does not accurately, reflect that necessarily clandestine trade. The primary goal of this thesis is to produce a more comprehensive and detailed picture of blockade running, the cargoes carried through the Union blockade and the powerful steam vessels that made Anglo-Confederate commerce possible. Unlike previous treatments, this thesis combines the results of both archival and archaeological research. The results illustrate the evolution of strategies involved in both establishing and maintaining the blockade and those developed for running the blockade. Assessment of the vessel remains and historical data associated with the construction and procurement of steamers identifies the vessel types and confirms that blockade runners adapted extant technology. Contrary to the popularly held impression, no technological innovations were specifically developed to address the demands of the trade. The spatial distribution of wrecks and the minimal amount of cultural material surviving in association with them, provides strong evidence that cargoes were more valuable than the vessels. That premise influenced the strategy adopted by blockade runners. While Confederate salvors left little evidence of cargo, historical research revealed a wealth of new insight into the specific nature of that material. This new evidence provides a more accurate and detailed picture of Anglo- Confederate blockade running and the strategies, ships and cargoes that made blockade running between Wilmington and Bermuda a success.

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Cooper, Valerie Y. "The crying of the blood : a collection of short stories." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337191.

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The Crying of the Blood is a collection of short stories with the two characters Mariah and Mary, born one hundred years apart, who deal with the challenges of life dealt them. Through descriptive language and the strong presence of place and setting, the author explores the under-girding strength of human nature in dealing with the external and internal pressures of the various forms of war and its aftermath. By examining the effects of the human condition through inherited and acquired traits passed to succeeding descendents of the characters, the author exposes the foibles of human nature. People live a specific way and repeat patterns of thinking and choosing without knowing why or stopping to consider the ensuing results of their actions. The collection of stories reveals the dark shadows of the Civil War that continue to shape the Southern culture and also the enduring strength and charm of the people and their traditions.This collection of stories is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents are either a figment of the author's imagination or used in a fictitious manner. Resemblances to actual people, settings, and events are purely coincidental.
Department of English

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34

Tuck, Darin A. "The battle cry of peace : the leadership of the disciples of Christ movement during the American Civil War, 1861-1865." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4218.

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Hamilton, Matthew Kyle. ""On the Precipice in the Dark": Maryland in the Secession Crisis, 1860-1861." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984196/.

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This dissertation is a study of the State of Maryland in the secession crisis of 1860-1861. Previous historians have emphasized economic, political, societal, and geographical considerations as the reasons Maryland remained loyal to the Union. However, not adequately considered is the manner in which Maryland understood and reacted to the secession of the Lower South. Historians have tended to portray Maryland's inaction as inevitable and reasonable. This study offers another reason for Maryland's inaction by placing the state in time and space, following where the sources lead, and allowing for contingency. No one in Maryland could have known that their state would not secede in 1860-61. Seeing the crisis through their eyes is instructive. It becomes clear that Maryland was a state on the brink of secession, but its resentment, suspicion, and anger toward the Lower South isolated it from the larger secession movement. Marylanders regarded the Lower South's rush to separate as precipitous, dangerous, and coercive to the Old Line State. A focus on a single state like Maryland allows a deeper, richer understanding of the dynamics, forces, and characteristics of the secession movement and the federal government's response to it. It cuts through the larger debates about the causes of secession and instead focuses on the manner in which secession was carried out, the intended effect of it, the actual effect it generated in the vitally important state of Maryland, and what it all says about the nature of internal divisions in the South at large.

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Bailie, Lawrence Craig. "The migration of the term "civil war" : a social constructivist explanation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006022.

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Although the occurrence of wars between states has been in decline, the same cannot be said of conflict within states – especially when considering the innumerable ‘Civil Wars’ said to have occurred since the end of the Cold War. In this context the use of the word ‘innumerable’ is qualified more by the variance in how ‘Civil War’ is understood as a concept (leading to different claims as to how many conflicts of this kind may have occurred over a period of time) and less by their large number. Claims regarding the occurrence of ‘Civil War’ suggest this type of conflict to be the dominant form at least since the end of World War Two. This prevalence in the face of a decline in inter-state warfare has afforded greater interest to ‘Civil War’ as a topic of inquiry. The understanding that ‘Civil Wars’ have with time increased in their occurrence and changed in their nature comes under investigation in this thesis and is seen as problematic in that the means by which a phenomenon is measured (i.e. through its nature) must be fixed so as to measure the frequency of that phenomenon. Using Social Constructivism as a theoretical lens of inquiry, sense is made of this understanding and, furthermore, the true meaning behind the claim that ‘Civil War’ has changed is revealed. The empirical evidence that accompanies this theoretical work exists in the American Civil War of 1861–1865 and the debate over the conflict in Iraq following the U.S. invasion in 2003. This debate is used as a means by which to bring the contestation over the notion of ‘Civil War’ to the fore, while a comparison of this conflict with the quintessential American Civil War reveals the migration of the term.

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Mack, Thomas B. "The Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment: the Washburne Lead Mine Regiment in the Civil War." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822827/.

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Of the roughly 3,500 volunteer regiments and batteries organized by the Union army during the American Civil War, only a small fraction has been studied in any scholarly depth. Among those not yet examined by historians was one that typified the western armies commanded by the two greatest Federal generals, Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman. The Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was at Fort Donelson and Shiloh with Grant in 1862, with Grant and Sherman during the long Vicksburg campaign of 1862 and 1863, and with Sherman in the Meridian, Atlanta, Savannah, and Carolinas campaigns in the second half of the war. These Illinois men fought in several of the most important engagements in the western theater of the war and, in the spring of 1865, were present when the last important Confederate army in the east surrendered. The Forty-fifth was also well connected in western politics. Its unofficial name was the “Washburne Lead Mine Regiment,” in honor of U.S Representative Elihu B. Washburne, who used his contacts and influences to arm the regiment with the best weapons and equipment available early in the war. (The Lead Mine designation referred to the mining industry in northern Illinois.) In addition, several officers and enlisted men were personal friends and acquaintances of Ulysses Grant of Galena, Illinois, who honored the regiment for their bravery in the final attempt to break through the Confederate defenses at Vicksburg. The study of the Forty-fifth Illinois is important to the overall study of the Civil War because of the campaigns and battles the unit participated and fought in. The regiment was also one of the many Union regiments at the forefront of the Union leadership’s changing policy toward the Confederate populace and war making industry. In this role the regiment witnessed the impact of President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Of interest then, are the members’ views on the freeing of the slaves. Also of interest are their views on the arming of the slaves into black regiments, and on the Copperhead, anti-war movement in the Union. With ample sources on the regiment, and with no formal history of the unit having been written or published, a scholarly, modern study of the Lead Mine regiment therefore seems in order, as it would provide further insight into the Civil War from the Union soldiers’ perspective and into the sacrifices the men made in order to preserve their country.

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Ballou, Charles F. "Hospital medicine in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War : a study of Hospital No. 21, Howard's Grove and Winder hospitals /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102013/.

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Jones, Todd R. "The Relationship Between Lowell Mason and the Boston Handel and Haydn Society, 1815-1827." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/83.

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The relationship between Lowell Mason (1792–1872) and the Boston Handel and Haydn Society (est. 1815) has long been recognized as a crucial development in the history of American music. In 1821, Mason and the HHS contracted to publish a collection of church music that Mason had edited. While living in Savannah, GA, Mason had imported several recent British collections that adapted for church tunes works by Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Ignaz Pleyel. His study with German émigré Frederick L. Abel allowed him to harmonize older tunes in standard counterpoint. In the historiography of American music, the collection has ever since been named as one of the chief forces establishing standard counterpoint in the mainstream of American music. The collection’s profits also helped the HHS survive the next several years, and the prestige of eventually being known as the collection’s editor helped launch Mason’s influential career in church music, music education, and music publishing. In 1827, that career took a dramatic turn when Mason returned to Boston to assume the presidency of the HHS and the care of music in several churches. This project shows that the social ties between Mason and the HHS begin earlier and are far more indebted to Calvinist orthodox Christianity than previous studies have shown. With special attention to Mason’s personal papers housed at Yale University, to the HHS records held at the Boston Public Library, and to newly indexed Savannah newspapers, it shows that Mason’s relationship with the Society grew from relationships begun before he left his native Massachusetts in 1812. The depth of the relationship grew steadily until 1827, marked at first by indirect contact and in 1821 by Mason’s trip to Boston. Mason’s 1827 return to Boston, often surprising to scholars, appears here as a logical consequence of the support given by the Society’s previous president, Amasa Winchester, for Mason’s work in church music. Mason’s departure from the Society seems to be based on his zeal, closely related to his evangelical goals, for universal music education.

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Rushing, D. Jean. "From Confederate Deserter to Decorated Veteran Bible Scholar: Exploring the Enigmatic Life of C.I. Scofield 1861-1921." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1380.

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Cyrus Ingerson Scofield portrayed himself as a decorated Confederate veteran, a successful lawyer, and a Bible scholar who was providentially destined to edit his 1909 dispensational opus, The Scofield Reference Bible. This thesis offers a multilayered image of Dr. Scofield's life by considering political and regional influences, racial and gender attitudes, and religious views he encountered between 1861 and 1921. This study includes an examination of his participation in the American Civil War including his desertion of the South in 1862. After becoming a Union loyalist, Scofield excelled as a lawyer and Republican politician before corruption rumors radically altered his life in 1874. By 1882, he emerged as a minister in Dallas, Texas where he built an image as a Confederate veteran and Bible scholar. Drawing on Scofield's manuscripts and other sources, this study shows the self-aggrandizing Bible editor consistently adapted his life and rhetoric to his regional and social circumstances.

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Witherow, John S. "The enigmatic founder : liberalism, republicanism and the thought of James Madison." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4113.

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In the twentieth century the debate over the ideological origins of the founding period and early republic has resulted in a polarization of historical interpretations. Recently, the conflict has centered on historians who use either the liberal or classical republican paradigms to explain these eras. Scholars of the founding period have argued for the dominance of one political ideology or the other in the thought of important figures of this time. Unfortunately, this struggle has led to a narrow interpretation of arguably the greatest thinker in American History, James Madison. To the contrary, I hold Madison's thought was influenced by both liberal and classical republican ideas, and in this thesis I explore that interpretation.

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Barloon, Mark C. "Combat Reconsidered: A Statistical Analysis of Small-Unit Actions During the American Civil War." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3066/.

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Historians often emphasize the physical features of battleterrain, weaponry, troop formations, earthworks, etc.in assessments of Civil War combat. Most scholars agree that these external combat conditions strongly influenced battle performance. Other historians accentuate the ways in which the mental stresses of soldiering affected combat performance. These scholars tend to agree that fighting effectiveness was influenced by such non-physical combat conditions as unit cohesion, leadership, morale, and emotional stress. Few authors argue that combat's mental influences were more significant in determining success or failure than the physical features of the battlefield. Statistical analysis of the 465 tactical engagements fought by twenty-seven Federal regiments in the First Division of the Army of the Potomac's Second Corps throughout the American Civil War suggests that the mental aspects of battle affected fighting efficiency at least as muchand probably more thancombat's physical characteristics. In other words, the soldiers' attitudes, opinions, and emotions had a somewhat stronger impact on combat performance than their actions, positions, and weaponry.

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43

Fischer, Ronald W. "A comparative study of two Civil War prisons : Old Capitol prison and Castle Thunder prison /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102017/.

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44

Pickard, Scott D. "Co-workers in the field of souls: the Civil War partnership between Union chaplains and the U.S. Christian Commission, 1861-1865." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15271.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
Robert D. Linder
A religious revival movement occurred in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-1865). The revivals began to appear with some regularity at the end of 1862 and continued until the end of the conflict. Union soldiers also widely adopted Protestant evangelical values during this time of religious enthusiasm. Two groups in particular played a pivotal, yet often unheralded, role in the substantial growth of religious fervor among northern soldiers during the Civil War: Union military chaplains and the United States Christian Commission. The thesis of this work is that Union chaplains and the United States Christian Commission developed a close and effective wartime partnership that significantly facilitated their ability to promote Protestant evangelical Christianity among Union soldiers during the Civil War. This wartime association substantially aided their efforts to advance their theological and moral views among the troops. Union chaplains and Commission representatives gained considerable influence over the army’s spiritual and moral environment during the war and were primarily responsible for initiating the widespread revivals that occurred within the Union Army. Although they began the conflict as two distinct organizations, Union chaplains and the Christian Commission collaborated with increasing frequency as the war progressed. Their affiliation brought a number of advantages to each organization and significantly increased their ability to promote their evangelical beliefs with the soldiers. This dissertation contributes to studies on religion and the Civil War by analyzing the religious leadership provided by Union chaplains and the Christian Commission and explains how they shaped the Union Army’s religious environment during the war.

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Pelzer, John D. "A merchant's war : the blockade running activities of Fraser, Trenholm and Company during the American Civil War." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539804.

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The Anglo-Confederate mercantile house of Fraser, Trenholm and Company played an important, even vital role in the Confederate war effort. Recognizing its inferiority to the North in terms of manufacturing facilities, capital, and foreign trade, the Southern Confederacy relied upon British commercial interests and an ideology of free trade to overcome this disadvantage. Fraser, Trenholm and Company was a driving force in the formulation of this unique alliance between the Confederate government and private British business interests. The wartime experience of Fraser, Trenholm and Company illustrates the fundamental flaws in Confederate financial policy. The blockade running trade, the outward manifestation of the Anglo-Confederate alliance, although successful, could not be controlled by the Confederacy, and the free trade ideology prevented reform of the trade until it was too late.
Department of History

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46

Griffis, Irene G. "Integrating reading into a Civil War unit." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/381.

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47

Stanski, Keith Raymond Russell. "'Warlord' : a discursive history of the concept in British and American imperialism, 1815-1914 and 1989-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:303a15ac-8f59-4861-9cc0-e514193e1e17.

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The renewed interest in empire, particularly in its British and American variants, has brought into sharper relief the difficulties both metropoles faced in projecting order in the global south. Far from cohesive entities, the British and American empires tried to manage territories that defied many of the political, economic, and legal systems, as well as normative and moral understandings, that enabled their imperial ascendancy. Despite a considerable literature about how metropoles comprehended these frustrated imperial plans, limited insights can be found into the way Britain and the United States coped with the influence of war in the uneven expansion of order. This challenge is brought into focus by examining one of the most direct formulations of the relationship between war and order in US and British imperialism, namely the concept of warlord. The concept’s history, it is argued, provides a glimpse into the far-reaching influence cultural constructions of war had in how US and British policymakers, journalists, and advocates conceived of and projected order in the non-European world. Such influential understandings also inspired overstated conclusions about the degree to which both imperial powers could realise their visions of order in the global south. Drawing on discursive and historical methods, the dissertation develops a conceptual framework that distils the core features of ‘warlords’ in the US and British imperial imaginaries. This conceptual approach is used to revisit some of the most formative encounters with colonial and contemporary ‘warlords’, as captured in British and American policy debates, political commentary, and popular culture, during two highpoints in British and American imperial history, 1815-1914 and 1989-2006 respectively. These arguments bring to the forefront how instead of an ancillary part of conclusions about the inferiority of non-European cultures, as suggested in much of the post-colonial literature, notions of war conditioned many of Britain and the United States’ enduring conception of and strategies for managing the uneven development of order in the global south.

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Perkins, John Drummond. "Daniel's Battery: A Narrative History and Socio-Economic Study of the Ninth Texas Field Battery." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332573/.

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This thesis combines a traditional narrative history of a Confederate artillery battery with a socio-economic study of its members. A database was constructed using the Compiled Service Records, 1860 census, and county tax rolls. The information revealed similarities between the unit's members and their home area. Captain James M. Daniel organized the battery in Paris, Texas and it entered Confederate service in January 1862. The battery served in Walker's Texas Division. It was part of a reserve force at the Battle of Milliken's Bend and was involved in the battles of Bayou Bourbeau, Mansfield, and Pleasant Hill. The battery also shelled Union ships on the Mississippi River. Daniel's Battery officially surrendered at Natchitoches, Louisiana, in May 1865.

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Vickers, Edward Jason. "To "Plant Our Trees on American Soil, and Repose Beneath their Shade": Africa, Colonization, and the Evolution of a Black Identity Narrative in the United States, 1808-1861." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6045.

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This work explores the role that ideas about Africa played in the development of a specifically American identity among free blacks in the United States, from the early nineteenth century to the Civil War. Previous studies of the writings of free blacks in the Revolutionary period, and of the American Colonization Society (ACS), which was devoted to removing them back to an African homeland, have suggested that black discussions of Africa virtually disappeared after 1816, when the colonization movement began. However, as this work illustrates, the letters, books, newspapers, and organizational records produced by free blacks in the antebellum era tell a different story. The narrative of the ancestral homeland free blacks created in the late eighteenth century, when the Atlantic slave trade still supplied slaves to the United States, was one that emphasized the connections between Africa and its scattered descendants throughout the Americas. After the establishment of the ACS in 1816 free blacks’ dialogue related to the land of their ancestors did not disappear, but it did change dramatically. As this study reveals, the overarching impact of colonization, racial pseudo-science, and racism generally in the antebellum period, made Africa a subject that free black leaders and writers could not avoid. They had to talk about it. Paradoxically, they found that they needed to validate Africa, even as they rejected it. Free black Americans found themselves faced with the tasks, ultimately, of legitimizing their African origins, even as they spurned the idea of Africa as home.

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Yancey, William C. "The Old Alcalde: Oran Milo Roberts, Texas's Forgotten Fire-Eater." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849656/.

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Oran Milo Roberts was at the center of every important event in Texas between 1857 and 1883. He served on the state supreme court on three separate occasions, twice as chief justice. As president of the 1861 Secession Convention he was instrumental in leading Texas out of the Union. He then raised and commanded an infantry regiment in the Confederate Army. After the Civil War, Roberts was a delegate to the 1866 Constitutional Convention and was elected by the state legislature to the United States Senate, though Republicans in Congress refused to seat him. He served two terms as governor from 1879 to 1883. Despite being a major figure in Texas history, there are no published biographies of Roberts. This dissertation seeks to examine Roberts's place in Texas history and analyze the factors that drove him to seek power. It will also explore the major events in which he participated and determine his historical legacy to the state.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'United States – History – 1815-1861'

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