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Journal articles on the topic 'United States – History – 1815-1861'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Powers, Stephen T., and Charles Reginald Shrader. "Reference Guide to United States Military History, 1607-1815." Journal of Military History 56, no. 3 (July 1992): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985976.

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2

Hopkins, A. G. "The United States, 1783–1861: Britain's Honorary Dominion?" Britain and the World 4, no. 2 (September 2011): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0024.

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This essay reinterprets the evolution of the United States between 1783 and 1861 from the perspective of imperial history. The established literature on this period focuses on the national story, and particularly on the struggle to achieve liberty and democracy. Historians of empire, however, routinely distinguish between formal and effective independence and evaluate the often halting progress of ex-colonial states in achieving a substantive transfer of power. Considered from this angle, the dominant themes of the period were the search for viability and development rather than for liberty and democracy. The article illustrates this proposition by re-evaluating the political, economic, and cultural themes that are central to the history of the period. The argument in each case is that the United States remained dependent on Great Britain to an extent that greatly limited her effective independence. The standard controversies of domestic political history, notably the battle between Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian visions of the state, are recast as differing strategies for achieving real and permanent independence. Strategies for achieving economic development made practical politics of competing arguments for protection and free trade, but failed to release the economy from its dependence on the British market and British capital. Attempts to create an independent national identity were compromised by the continuing influence of British culture and by the related notion of Anglo-Saxonism, on which prevailing policies of assimilation relied. In all these respects, the United States was an unexceptional ex-colonial state, and indeed closely followed the trajectory of other colonies of white settlement that were classified as dominions within the British Empire. The United States, however, was a dependent state that failed in 1861, and its struggle for independence had to be renewed after the Civil War.

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3

Doty, C. Stewart, and Nicole Fouche. "Alsatian Emigration to the United States, 1815-1870." Journal of American History 80, no. 3 (December 1993): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080463.

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4

BRAUER, KINLEY J. "The United States and British Imperial Expansion, 1815?60." Diplomatic History 12, no. 1 (January 1988): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1988.tb00027.x.

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5

Kaminsky, James. "A Pre-History of Educational Philosophy in the United States: 1861 to 1914." Harvard Educational Review 62, no. 2 (July 1, 1992): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.62.2.g387n7j15n70x180.

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In this article, James Kaminsky describes what he calls the "pre-history" of educational philosophy— that period before the discipline was established, when Americans were reacting to the economic and social changes associated with industrialization and urbanization. According to Kaminsky, the early stages of this discipline involved the social reform movement of the 1890s, populism and progressivism, the history of social science, American literary history, muckraking, Hull House, the English intellectual Herbert Spencer, and, of course,the intellectual work of John Dewey. What was radical and new in the pre-history of educational philosophy was not its methodologies or intellectual concepts, but rather its alliance with the complex forces of social reform that were emerging as the United States entered the twentieth century.

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6

Petrov, Alexander. "Cotton Trade in the Establishment of Russian-American Relations (1765—1815)." ISTORIYA 14, no. 11 (133) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840029132-4.

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The article examines the role of cotton in the establishment of Russian-American relations between 1765 and 1815. The relevance of the issues raised in the article reflects the growing interest in the history of Russian-American relations. So far little attention has been paid to this problem, so the goal of our research was to show how Russia grew interested in the cotton and how cotton gradually became the main export from the United States. Establishing diplomatic relations with the United States, Russia attached great importance to goods from the United States and furs from Alaska. Great Britain was the main rivals in this trade for Russia and the United States. The article draws on extensive Russian and foreign scholarly literature. The methodology used is based on the achievements of modern historical science. The article is conceived as the first in a series of proposed further publications to further study the role of cotton trade in relations between Russia and the United States. The author shows how cotton trade was an important factor in establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries, despite the changing international situation. The author analyzes the causes and consequences of cotton trade and provides examples from the history of the cotton trade between Russia and the US. It is argued that the cotton trade was an important stimulus and catalyst for the establishment of direct trade and diplomatic relations between Russia and the United States, which then continued to develop on a mutually beneficial basis.

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7

Masur, K. "Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861-1865." Journal of American History 100, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jat397.

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8

Bulliet, Richard W., and Robert J. Allison. "The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776-1815." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 4 (1997): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206574.

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9

Ben-Rejeb, Lotfi, and Robert J. Allison. "The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776-1815." Journal of American History 83, no. 1 (June 1996): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945510.

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10

Watson, James R. "Resuscitation and Surgery for Soldiers of the American Civil War (1861–1865)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032830.

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On June 2, 1862, William A. Hammond, Surgeon General of the United States Army, announced the intention of his office to collect material for the publication of a “Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (1861–1865)” (1), usually called the Civil War of the United States of America, or the War Between the Union (the North; the Federal Government) and the Confederacy of the Southern States. Forms for the monthly “Returns of Sick and Wounded” were reviewed, corrected and useful data compiled from these “Returns” and from statistics of the offices of the Adjutant General (payroll) and Quartermaster General (burial of decreased soldiers).

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11

Davies, Gareth. "Dealing with Disaster: The Politics of Catastrophe in the United States, 1789–1861." American Nineteenth Century History 14, no. 1 (March 2013): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2013.768422.

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12

Hagan, Kenneth J., and Wade G. Dudley. "Splintering the Wooden Wall: The British Blockade of the United States, 1812-1815." Journal of Southern History 70, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648417.

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13

Stagg, J. C. A. "Enlisted Men in the United States Army, 1812-1815: A Preliminary Survey." William and Mary Quarterly 43, no. 4 (October 1986): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1923685.

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14

Ben-Atar, Doron, and Robert J. Allison. "The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776-1815." William and Mary Quarterly 53, no. 2 (April 1996): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2947425.

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15

Chumburidze, Tea. "Native Americans in the United States Civil War." Journal in Humanities 4, no. 1 (September 28, 2015): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/hum.v4i1.292.

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Native Americans played a vital role in the history of the United States of America. During the upheaval of the Civil War (1861-1865), many American Indians expressed their commitment to the Union or Confederacy. They assembled armies and participated in battles. Their alliance was important for both sides of the war (the Union and the Confederacy) as they recognized that American Indians’ involvement in this conflict could influence the outcome of the bloody conflict. At the same time, Native Americans were affected by the Civil War, because during this period they faced division among their tribes, and after the war they struggled to exist without slavery and to cope with broken treaties and territorial growth despite promises by the United States government. This article examines the role of American Indians during the Civil War and their condition after the war. The research explains how slavery affected the American Indians’ commitment and how their decision shaped the American experience in the Civil War.

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16

Simard, Justin. "Slavery's Legalism: Lawyers and the Commercial Routine of Slavery." Law and History Review 37, no. 2 (May 2019): 571–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000300.

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Eugenius Aristides Nisbet played a critical role in Georgia's secession from the United States. Elected as a delegate to Georgia's 1861 secession convention, Nisbet introduced a resolution in favor of severing ties with the Union, and he led the committee that drafted his state's secession ordinance. Nisbet was a trained lawyer who had served on the Georgia Supreme Court, and his legal training shaped the way that he viewed secession. He believed that the Constitution did not give states the right to dissolve the Union; instead, this power rested solely in the people, and he framed the resolution and ordinance accordingly. Thanks in part to Nisbet, it was the “people of the State of Georgia” who “repealed, rescinded and abrogated” their ratification of the Constitution in 1788.

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17

Thorp, Daniel B. "New Zealand and the American Civil War." Pacific Historical Review 80, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2011.80.1.97.

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By 1861 residents of New Zealand had been dealing with Americans for years, and they recognized that the United States was already an important power on the Pacific Rim. Thus, when the American Civil War broke out, people in New Zealand paid careful attention. Newspapers, private papers, and official records reveal the war's effect in New Zealand. Although New Zealanders opposed slavery, they supported the South's right to secede. Indeed, several provinces were advocating "separation" in 1861 and saw the Civil War as a cautionary tale demonstrating the danger of waiting to address irreconcilable differences. As the war unfolded, editors and government officials throughout New Zealand also worried about the wider economic effect of the war and the threat of American privateers attacking shipping and cities in the British colony.

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18

Ericson, David F. "The United States Military, State Development, and Slavery in the Early Republic." Studies in American Political Development 31, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x17000049.

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The U.S. military was the principal agent of American state development in the seven decades between 1791 and 1861. It fought wars, removed Native Americans, built internal improvements, expedited frontier settlement, deterred slave revolts, returned fugitive slaves, and protected existing property relations. These activities promoted state development along multiple axes, increasing the administrative capacities, institutional autonomy, political legitimacy, governing authority, and coercive powers of the American state. Unfortunately, the American political development literature has largely ignored the varied ways in which the presence of slavery influenced military deployments and, in turn, state development during the pre–Civil War period.

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19

Durrill, Wayne K., and Michael Cordillot. "Free Men in a Slave Society: Southern Workers in the United States, 1789-1861." Journal of American History 79, no. 2 (September 1992): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080082.

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20

Palmer, Michael A., and Robert J. Allison. "The Crescent Obscured: The United States and the Muslim World, 1776-1815." Journal of the Early Republic 15, no. 4 (1995): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124025.

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21

Dippie, Brian W., and Vivien Green Fryd. "Art and Empire: The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol, 1815-1860." Journal of American History 80, no. 4 (March 1994): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080644.

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22

McKee, Christopher. "The Pathology of a Profession: Death in the United States Navy Officer Corps, 1797–1815." War & Society 3, no. 1 (May 1985): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/106980485790304015.

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23

Shallat, Todd. "Building Waterways, 1802-1861: Science and the United States Army in Early Public Works." Technology and Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105759.

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24

Wood, Kirsten E. "Broken Reeds and Competent Farmers: Slaveholding Widows in the Southeastern United States, 1783-1861." Journal of Women's History 13, no. 2 (2001): 34–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2001.0057.

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25

Woodworth, Steven E. "James Oakes. Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865." American Historical Review 119, no. 2 (April 2014): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.2.464.

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26

Shallat, Todd. "Building Waterways, 1802–1861: Science and the United States Army in Early Public Works." Technology and Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1990): 18–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.1990.0090.

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27

Johns, Elizabeth, and Vivien Green Fryd. "Art and Empire: The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol, 1815-1860." American Historical Review 99, no. 1 (February 1994): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166313.

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28

Figueroa Esquer, Raúl. "Las coordenadas internacionales de la intervención y la diplomacia del imperio de Maximiliano, 1861-1867." Estudios: filosofía, historia, letras 21, no. 144 (2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5347/01856383.0144.000307204.

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This paper frames the history of the Second Empire in Mexico within the international context, studying the influence of the situation and the European conflicts of the time, the diplomacy developed by Maximilian and the role of the United States before the French Intervention.

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29

Keogh, Stephen. "Formal & informal constitutional lawmaking in the United States in the winter of 1860–1861." Journal of Legal History 8, no. 3 (December 1987): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440368708530909.

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30

Weeks, William Earl. "American Nationalism, American Imperialism: An Interpretation of United States Political Economy, 1789-1861." Journal of the Early Republic 14, no. 4 (1994): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124471.

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31

Gough, Barry. "Book Review: Splintering the Wooden Wall: The British Blockade of the United States, 1812–1815." International Journal of Maritime History 15, no. 2 (December 2003): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387140301500298.

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32

Spencer, Mark G., and Wade G. Dudley. "Splintering the Wooden Wall: The British Blockade of the United States, 1812-1815." Journal of the Early Republic 23, no. 3 (2003): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595055.

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33

Olszewski, Todd M. "James Herrick (1861–1954): Consultant physician and cardiologist." Journal of Medical Biography 26, no. 2 (February 6, 2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017745701.

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In 1910, James Bryan Herrick published the first clinical and laboratory description of sickle cell anemia. Two years later, he published a case report on coronary thrombosis. Together, these case reports solidified his reputation as one of the premier diagnosticians of his generation. Now regarded as a central figure in the history of American medicine, Herrick played an integral role in the clinical adoption of the electrocardiograph and the professionalization of cardiology in the United States. Although a full decade passed before the medical profession recognized his clinical description of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarction, it has had profound implications for cardiovascular medicine and prevention over the past hundred years. As a consultant physician, Herrick advocated in favor of incorporating chemistry and laboratory evaluation into clinical practice.

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34

Gabaccia, Donna R., and Fraser Ottanelli. "Diaspora or International Proletariat? Italian Labor, Labor Migration, and the Making of Multiethnic States, 1815-1939." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1997): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.6.1.61.

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We offer a transnational and comparative analysis of the “nationalization” of foreign-born workers in western nation states of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. An analysis of this complex historical moment is an important foundation for assessing present-day fears of the imminent collapse of nation states. Canadians and Italians wrestling with demands for regional autonomy; German and French voters opting for a “fortress Europe” united against new waves of migrations; and Americans anticipating the disintegration of the United States into ethnic and religious fragments, often believe that today’s nation states face unprecedented threats to their unity. In fact, nation states have long faced competition from regional loyalties (Weber) and from the cultural diversity produced by international migrations and the globalization of capital (Potts; Cohen. New Helots; Strikwerda). In the past, they also faced internationalist labor movements dedicated to ending capitalist oppression around the world in all its forms.

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35

Zakim, Michael. "A Ready-Made Business: The Birth of the Clothing Industry in America." Business History Review 73, no. 1 (1999): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116101.

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This article recounts the birth of the clothing industry in the United States after 1815. It contends, in contrast to recent historical literature, that the clothing business was at the center of the American experience of industrialization. This was not because ready-made clothing was a novel commodity. Nor was it because of new production technologies, social innovations, or legal structures adopted by the industry. Rather, clothing entrepreneurs were significant because they integrated several important markets—a trans-Atlantic trade in cloth, an urban trade in labor, and a market for manufactured goods in the interior regions of the United States. This helped to make the ready-made clothing business among the country's largest industries by 1850.

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36

WARFIELD, PATRICK R. "SOUNDS TO ESTABLISH A CORPS: THE ORIGINS OF THE UNITED STATES MARINE BAND, 1798–1804." Eighteenth Century Music 16, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570619000046.

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AbstractThe Jeffersonian rise to power in 1801 ushered in sweeping political changes for the United States of America. It also focused attention on the newly established United States Marine Corps, as a group of hostile Congressmen sought to audit the service, dismiss many of its officers and do away with the executive function of its commandant. But Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was also a supporter of the new capital's growing cultural life, and no organization better defined the connection between music and the federal government than the United States Marine Band. While this ensemble was not officially authorized by Congress until 1861, Commandant William Ward Burrows had already transformed his small group of sanctioned field musicians into an ensemble that could provide ceremonial and entertainment music for Washington, DC. This article traces the earliest history of the Marine Band, documents its development from eighteenth-century signalling traditions and suggests the ways in which its presence in the capital helped to stem the growing Republican tide against the Marine Corps itself.

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37

Ratner, Lorman, and Vivien Green Fryd. "Art and Empire: The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol, 1815-1860." Journal of the Early Republic 13, no. 1 (1993): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124204.

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38

Harper, Marjory. "Obstacles and opportunities: labour emigration to the ‘British World’ in the nineteenth century." Continuity and Change 34, no. 01 (May 2019): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416019000079.

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AbstractLabour emigrants in the nineteenth century had ever-increasing access to a global employment market. Many of those who left Great Britain looked beyond Europe, to the British Empire and the United States. They took advantage of improvements in transportation, and followed a wide variety of occupations. Decisions to emigrate were often shaped by their involvement in trade unions and were based on concerns about living standards and working conditions. This study considers a selection of globetrotting British settlers and sojourners who went to Canada, the United States and Australia between 1815 and the 1880s. The article analyses the historiography of labour migration; carries out an empirical study constructed around four pieces of analytical scaffolding; and closes by identifying recurring threads in the multi-hued tapestry of labour emigration, highlighting how concerns and traditions about recruitment, wages and working conditions, which had emerged in the nineteenth century, created legacies that persisted into the period after the First World War.

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39

Latypova, Nataliya. "Discussion on the Causes of the American Civil War (1861–1865): Periodization of Historiography." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.1.

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Introduction. The Civil War in the United States (1861–1865) has been of considerable interest to historians, lawyers, economists, and political scientists for more than 150 years. The internal political struggle that broke out in the middle of the 19th century between the two regions of the young democratic state seems to be a valuable object of research. However, scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the “inevitable conflict”, their transformation and rebirth depending on the historical period and the political situation are of even greater interest. This article attempts to summarize the main trends in the historiography of the causes of the Civil War in the United States, mainly in foreign historiography. Methods of research and materials. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and private scientific methods. The historical-legal, comparative method, as well as sociological, concrete-historical and systemic methods are used. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of mainly foreign historians, lawyers, political scientists and state historians. Analysis. Without denying the centrality of slavery among the causes of the Civil War, researchers identify religious, economic, political and social factors as the key determinants of the separatist movement in the South. A special place in American studies is occupied by the consideration of the role of African Americans in inciting conflict, the personality factor of A. Lincoln, as well as the influence of the abolitionist movement and journalists on the growing confrontation between the North and the South. At the same time, all directions, one way or another, boil down to the fact that it was slavery that was the fundamental cause of the Civil War. The peculiarities of the formation of each of the scientific directions were determined by the socio-economic and political conditions that took place in a particular historical period. Results. The periodization of scientific approaches to the study of the causes of the Civil War in the United States in the historical and legal literature can be carried out by dividing the research into three main periods: the “confrontational” (second half of the 19th century); the “socio-economic” (beginning – middle of the 20th century); the “industrial” (middle of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century). In the period from the beginning of the 21st century to the present, there is an obvious consensus on the central role of slavery among the determinants of war, but approaches to this problem in recent years have been characterized by interdisciplinarity, complexity, taking into account completely different sides of the conflict. Each of these areas has contributed to the formation of a holistic view of the causes of the Civil War, allowing us to realize the complex, multifaceted nature of the causes of the conflict and to reject two-dimensional approaches to their understanding. Key words: American Civil War, causes of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, slavery in the United States, the Missouri Compromise, abolitionists, history of the USA.

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40

B., A. L., and G. Edward White. "History of the Supreme Court of the United States: The Marshall Court and Cultural Change, 1815-1835." Columbia Law Review 89, no. 8 (December 1989): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1122791.

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41

Reznick, Jeffrey S. "Perspectives from the History of Medicine Division of the United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health." Medical History 55, no. 3 (July 2011): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300005494.

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2011 marks the 175th anniversary of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) that traces its origins to 1836 and the commitment of the second US Army Surgeon General, Thomas Lawson (1789–1861), to purchase books and journals for active-duty medical officers. The occasion affords an opportunity to focus on the contributions of the NLM to the history of medicine and public health, and to look forward into the digital world of the twenty-first century as the NLM joins with like-minded institutions, scholars, educators, writers, students, and others to expand knowledge of medical and public health history for the advancement of scholarship across the disciplines and for the education of the general public. As more audiences become interested in medical and public health history, opportunities abound to broaden and deepen understanding of the past, present, and future of medicine and public health in order to help refine critical thinking about medicine and science, promote deeper understanding of medical and scientific concepts, and generally humanise medicine and public health by revealing the implications of disease and healthcare for individuals and communities in the United States and around the world.

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42

WEBER, WARREN E. "Early State Banks in the United States: How Many Were There and When Did They Exist?" Journal of Economic History 66, no. 2 (June 2006): 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706000180.

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This article describes a newly constructed data set of all U.S. state banks from 1782 to 1861. It contains the names and locations of all banks and branches that went into business and an estimate of when each operated. The compilation is based on reported balance sheets, listings in banknote reporters, and secondary sources. Based on these data, the article presents a count of the number of banks and branches in business by state. I argue that my series are superior to previously existing ones for reasons of consistency, accuracy, and timing. The article contains examples to support this argument.

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43

McDaid, William, and Francis Paul Prucha. "Broadax and Bayonet: The Role of the United States Army in the Development of the Northwest, 1815-1860." Michigan Historical Review 22, no. 1 (1996): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20173572.

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44

Brown, David. "“To work industriously and steadily”: Frederick Law Olmsted and the Southern Work Ethic Revisited." American Studies in Scandinavia 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v46i1.5148.

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Frederick Law Olmsted is widely admired by historians of the nineteenthcentury United States and generally regarded as the single most important commentator upon slavery and the South. He toured the southern states in the early 1850s and published a series of reports in the New York Daily Times and the New York Daily Tribune. These articles were subsequently revised and compiled into three books, but it was their publication as a single, edited volume, The Cotton Kingdom (1861), which had the greatest impact. This article revisits perhaps the central insight provided by Olmsted: his criticism of the southern work ethic and the South’s reluctance “to work industriously and steadily.” It does so within the context of current scholarly interpretations of capitalism in the late antebellum South, where most scholars have taken issue with Olmsted’s view, presenting instead a dynamic and hard-working southern workforce. Why did Olmsted take such an overly critical view of the southern work ethic?

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45

Naramore, Sarah E. "Making Endemic Goiter an American Disease, 1800-1820." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 76, no. 3 (June 21, 2021): 239–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrab018.

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Abstract In 1800, American physician and naturalist Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815) published A Memoir Concerning the Disease of Goitre as it Prevails in Different Parts of North-America. The text documented the nature of the disease in the United States and highlighted how it differed from the ailment’s presentation in European patients. While medical topographies were common during this period, Barton’s goiter research and the steady stream of American goiter research that followed are worth special attention. This body of literature demonstrates how American physicians understood their relationship to transnational medical discussions and the unique perspective they brought to them. Goiter literature was common in European medical and travel writing during this period and intensely focused on the appearance of the disease in the mountains of Switzerland and Northern Italy. American goiter by its very appearance in non-mountainous regions of the United States contradicted nearly all of the received wisdom about the ailment’s cause and potential cure. For two decades, American writers leveraged their own observations and local knowledge to challenge larger narratives in their field.

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TRAVKINA, N. M. "Alive American History: Сivil War of Monuments." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-12-29.

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The article analyzes the origins and causes of public resistance in the United States about the issue of preservation of monuments, symbolizing the period of the Confederacy in the U.S. South during the Civil war (1861-1865). Indicates that the main factor in the confrontation was a victory in the presidential elections of 2016 of D.Trump, who in the minds of his Democratic Party supporters is associated with racial ideas of “white supremacy”. With the coming to power of D. Trump in the U.S. relatively powerful movement emerged, mainly in the southern States for the demolition and dismantling of Confederate monuments, which symbolize, in the opinion of left-liberal forces, the ideas and theories of superior and inferior races, who were believed to be sunk into oblivion after the adoption in the 1960-s of civil rights laws. Currently in the U.S. there are more than 1.5 thousand artifacts relating to or symbolizing the period of the Confederacy and glorify its military leaders. The specific histories of the dismantling of monuments of the Confederation in various States are outlined. However are considered and the counteractions of the opponents of dismantling the legacy of the Confederacy are considered, which created in the recent years the strong legal barriers for the protection of Confederate monuments under the pretext of protecting the cultural heritage of past historical periods. It is stated that in retrospect, the current wave of dismantling of the Confederate monument is to some extent а justified step because for the first 30 years of the twentieth century these monuments were erected as political symbols of the segregation-racist regime of apartheid established in 26 U.S. States after the adoption of the so- called laws of “Jim Crow” at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. In the conclusion it is stated that under the President D. Trump the severity of the problem of the removal/preservation of Confederate monuments and other monuments of the past American history will remain in the foreseeable future.

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Stagg, J. C. A. "Soldiers in Peace and War: Comparative Perspectives on the Recruitment of the United States Army, 1802-1815." William and Mary Quarterly 57, no. 1 (January 2000): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674359.

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Pertiwi, Ayu, Wahyu Gusriandari, and Guntur Eko Saputro. "Social and Economic Conditions of The United States of America During the Civil War 1861-1865." Journal of Social Work and Science Education 4, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v4i2.397.

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In the long history of struggle of the Indonesian nation, at a certain period of time during the Dutch colonization, there was a war that made colonialists experience difficulties. The war was caused by the resistance of a Javanese nobleman named Prince Diponegoro, this war was called the Diponegoro War or known as the Java War. Because of the unprecedented amount of popular resistance, the losses suffered by both the colonizers and the Javanese people were very large, both human and material casualties, this was closely related to economic conditions during the war and after the end of the war. This paper aims to analyze and describe the consequences of the war that occurred at that time on the Dutch colonial as well as on the Javanese people themselves, from an economic aspect. Research through a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, namely literature study and usually historical research using heuristic methods. The results of the study stated that the consequences of the Java War were very significant in affecting the lives of Javanese people and the Dutch colonial after the war.

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Nicoletti, Cynthia. "The American Civil War as a Trial by Battle." Law and History Review 28, no. 1 (February 2010): 71–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248009990046.

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Confined alone in a cell in New York's Fort Lafayette in the heat of the summer of 1865, former Confederate naval secretary Stephen R. Mallory had little to do but reflect on the fate of the defeated Confederacy. Convinced that his life might be forfeit if the United States government made good on its threat to try him for treason, Mallory composed a lengthy letter to President Andrew Johnson petitioning for a pardon and seeking to explain his views on the demise of the Confederacy and the fate of the states' right to secede from the Union. While Mallory stressed his opposition to disunion in 1861, on the grounds of its inexpediency, he admitted that he had placed loyalty to his state above his duty as a citizen of the United States. He had “regarded the commands of my state as decisive of my path of duty; and I followed where she led.” Nonetheless, Mallory went on to disclaim his belief in the principle of secession in very striking terms, describing the death of secession in the crucible of the Civil War as the result of a trial by battle. Mallory never specifically denied secession's constitutionality; instead, he told Johnson that because he “recognize[ed] the death [of the Confederacy] as the will of Almighty God, I regard and accept His dispensation as decisive of the questions of slavery and secession.”

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Marzagalli, Silvia. "Establishing Transatlantic Trade Networks in Time of War: Bordeaux and the United States, 1793–1815." Business History Review 79, no. 4 (2005): 811–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097115.

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U.S. shipping to Bordeaux, France, once minimal, increased dramatically after 1793, the year that marked the beginning of the French Wars. The conflicts compelled merchants to adopt new patterns of trade, as the policies of the belligerent parties increasingly determined the evolution of neutral shipping. Merchants on both sides of the Atlantic strove for closer connections across political boundaries and tried to bypass the difficulties created by warfare. This examination of U.S. commerce with Bordeaux explores the impact of war on transatlantic trade and analyzes the strategies adopted by merchants of that period to minimize the impact of new risks. These merchants tended to rely on personal acquaintances, and they traveled frequently across the Atlantic in order to build and fortify relations of trust. Turning to older, established modes of doing business enabled them to respond rapidly to changes that occurred in the international situation and to anticipate the sudden shifts in policy that were inevitable in times of war.

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