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Journal articles on the topic 'United States. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Andrea, Daphne, and Theresa Aurel Tanuwijaya. "Weak State as a Security Threat: Study Case of El Salvador (2014-2019)." Jurnal Sentris 4, no. 1 (2023): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6545.14-33.

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The World Trade Center Attack or 9/11 tragedy has awakened the international community, particularly the United States (US) to sharpen its foreign policy in facing security threats coming from ‘weak states’. One of the most prominent weak states examples that pose a grave threat to other countries are the Northern Triangle Countries of Central America that referred to Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Hence, this paper will discuss the rationale behind US initiatives in dealing with security threats in El Salvador as one of the Northern Triangle Countries. In analyzing the case, the writer

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Yu, Helen H., and Shilpa Viswanath. "Women in State Law Enforcement: An Exploratory Trend Analysis." American Review of Public Administration 52, no. 4 (2022): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740221088315.

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Gender diversity in policing has never been more important than it is today. However, women in state law enforcement are the least noticeable and most underrepresented of all women in policing. Using data from the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) surveys, this study examines gender diversity across the 49 primary state law enforcement agencies in the United States between 2000 and 2016. Although representation varies broadly across the states, the findings are mostly negative and suggest that women in state law enforcement have remained stagnant over the past tw

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Propp, Kenneth. "Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the United States of America on Access to Electronic Data for the Purpose of Countering Serious Crime." International Legal Materials 60, no. 2 (2021): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2020.69.

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On October 3, 2019, the United States and the United Kingdom signed an innovative international agreement on international assistance in criminal matters. The agreement, which has not yet entered into force, will enable law enforcement authorities in either country to request and obtain electronic communications content data directly from service providers located in the other country. It is intended to obviate the need, with respect to e-evidence, for resort to the slower and more cumbersome mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) in force between the two countries.

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Kupchina, Ekaterina. "The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the US Civil Court System." Legal Concept, no. 4 (December 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.4.8.

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Introduction: in the era of the active introduction of digital technologies, more and more processes are being automated and smart machines are taking over the work of people. Even at the end of the 20th century, automatic spell-checking and search engines were perceived by many as “highly intelligent” information technologies. Currently, such processes have become completely trivial for most people and have given way to more advanced technologies. The intelligent face recognition systems installed in public places and airports allow you to verify a person’s identity, as well as assist in the

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Klassen, Aaron B., S. Brent Core, Christine M. Lohse, and Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer. "A Descriptive Analysis of Care Provided by Law Enforcement Prior to EMS Arrival in the United States." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 2 (2018): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000213.

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AbstractStudy ObjectivesLaw enforcement is increasingly viewed as a key component in the out-of-hospital chain of survival, with expanded roles in cardiac arrest, narcotic overdose, and traumatic bleeding. Little is known about the nature of care provided by law enforcement prior to the arrival of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) assets. The purpose of the current study was to perform a descriptive analysis of events reported to a national EMS database.MethodsThis study was a descriptive analysis of the 2014 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) public release researc

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Danilovskaia, Anna. "Criminal-legal protection of competition in the United States." Юридические исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2020.2.32254.

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The subject of this research is the legislation and law enforcement in the area of criminal-legal protection of competition in the United States. The questions of counteracting encroachment upon competition alongside protection of rights of economic entities and consumers in case of unfair competition are one of the most relevant in the world. According to separate assessment, the U. S. antitrust legislation is recognized as most efficient. Its establishment, development, and application contributed to emergence of the generally accepted principles of protection of competition, such as per se

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Davidow, Joel. "United States Antitrust Developments in the New Millennium." World Competition 24, Issue 3 (2001): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/359608.

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US antitrust in the new millennium has been characterised both by successes and challenges. The successes include additional exposure of major international cartels, exposure of foreign corporate officials to US prison sentences for cartel activity, further adoption or strengthening of foreign antitrust systems, and deeper co-operation in regard to anti-cartel and merger control enforcement. Merger relief has become quite strict, with firm insistence on fix it first solutions that are quite certain to happen. Challenges include trying to win the Microsoft case on appeal, learning how to deal w

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Pan, Zhenxi. "A comparative study of blocking laws between China and EU." BCP Business & Management 27 (September 6, 2022): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v27i.1970.

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In recent years, the United States has frequently imposed sub-economic sanctions on other countries, which has seriously disrupted the regular order of the world economic and trade market. Since the Trump administration took office, China has gradually become the target of the United States, and the economic and trade friction between China and the United States has been constant. To counter the long-arm jurisdiction of the United States, China's Ministry of Commerce issued the Blocking Measures with Chinese characteristics on January 9, 2021. Its legislative model draws lessons from the Europ

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Cornett, Jake, and Kimberly M. Knackstedt. "Original sin(s): lessons from the US model of special education and an opportunity for leaders." Journal of Educational Administration 58, no. 5 (2020): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2019-0175.

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PurposeThe United States (US) system of special education committed three original sins that perpetuate inequities between children with disabilities and their peers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the US system, contrast this history against international disability law and identify opportunities for leaders to transform policy and practice for inclusive education.Design/methodology/approachThis paper explores the development of the three sins in US special education law: (1) weaving throughout it a medical model of disability, (2) failing to mandate inclusion and (3)

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Drew, Jacqueline M., and Sherri Martin. "Mental health and wellness initiatives supporting United States law enforcement personnel: The current state-of-play." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 8, Suppl_1 (2023): S12—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.298.

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The current research provides a national snapshot of availability, access, and perceived effectiveness of wellness services and help-seeking stigma. This study is based on a sample of 3,994 police officers across the United States. The current study found a substantial percentage of officers are accessing wellness services, whether agency-provided, external, or a combination of both. Among officers who were most in need of wellness services, those experiencing some level of psychological distress, over 90% accessed at least one agency-provided or external service. Employee assistance program (

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Widijowati, Rr Dijan. "Application of Compensation Money Legal Sanctions in Corruption Crimes in Indonesia and the United States." INFLUENCE: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE REVIEW 5, no. 2 (2023): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influencejournal.v5i2.150.

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After the issuance of TAP MPR Number IX/MPR/1998 concerning State Administration that is Clean and Free from Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism, the People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI) then issued a series of laws against corruption, including: Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes; and Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes. Apart from that, the government is also making efforts through determining the payment of money as compensation for corruption. The

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Ellis, Ralph D. "GENERAL ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS AND CRIME RATES IN THE UNITED STATES." Review of Policy Research 7, no. 2 (1987): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1987.tb00045.x.

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Hammond, Andrew. "Territorial Exceptionalism and the American Welfare State." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.8 (2021): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.8.territorial.

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Federal law excludes millions of American citizens from crucial public benefits simply because they live in the United States territories. If the Social Security Administration determines a low-income individual has a disability, that person can move to another state and continue to receive benefits. But if that person moves to, say, Guam or the U.S. Virgin Islands, that person loses their right to federal aid. Similarly with SNAP (food stamps), federal spending rises with increased demand—whether because of a recession, a pandemic, or a climate disaster. But unlike the rest of the United Stat

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Samahon, Tuan N. "American Immigration Microfederalism." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 18, no. 2 (2018): 171–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.18.2.7.

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Immigration power is thought to be a federal power in the United States, but the States and their localities play key roles in filling congressional immigration policy gaps. When confronted with a major migration crisis, these microfederal jurisdictions in a multi-layered federal system respond differently to the policy gaps. A healthy tolerance for microfederal policies promotes this experimentation and voter preference maximisation. A countervailing interest in uniformity, among other values, tempers the case for microfederalism by suggesting temporal or other limitations may be justified. S

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Weber Waller, Spencer, and Jennifer Woods. "Antitrust Transitions." World Competition 32, Issue 2 (2009): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2009019.

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Antitrust enforcement is entering a period of transition in the United States. The election of Barack Obama as President and his executive branch, regulatory, and judicial appointments will have important consequences for antitrust law and enforcement, although most observers believe that these changes will be relatively modest both substantively and in comparison to the matters of banking reform and economic stimulus. As part of that process of change, there has been no shortage of advice offered to first the Transition Team and now the Administration about how to handle competition policy go

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Bruce Hoffman, D., and Caleb Linton. "American Merger Enforcement: A Progress Report on The Biden’s Administration’s Agenda." Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht 21, no. 4 (2023): 368–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zwer-2023-0405.

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Abstract This Article seeks to cast a critical but balanced eye on the record of the Biden administration’s antitrust agenda. Part II offers a brief history of United States antitrust policy to couch the administration’s philosophy in its appropriate historical context. Part III examines the economic evidence, both broadly and focusing on technology – an industry of intense focus for the current administration – as a case study to answer whether radical change is really necessary or whether the landscape is too complicated and the evidence too thin to insist on sweeping reform to competition l

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Dhingra, Swati, and Timothy Meyer. "Leveling the Playing Field: Industrial Policy and Export-Contingent Subsidies in India–Export Related Measures." World Trade Review 20, no. 4 (2021): 606–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474562100032x.

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AbstractIn India–Export Related Measures, the United States challenged a range of Indian measures as prohibited export-contingent subsidies, and a WTO panel largely agreed. This article examines the factors at play in the United States’ decision to bring the challenge. At the level of policy, the United States case reflects India's graduation from the protections afforded developing nations’ export-contingent subsidies under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. A closer examination, however, shows that India ramped up its export-contingent subsidies just as the SCM Agreement

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Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. "Protecting Indigenous Peoples through Right to Natural Resources: Lesson from the Existence of Navajo Tribe in the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 3 (2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1i3.111.

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From the perspective of international law, indigenous peoples have the rights to own, use, and control their natural resources within their territories. In the United States, the Navajo Tribe has enjoyed those rights. In terms of law making process, this tribe can enact some acts to preserve a control over their natural resources. Specifically, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Solid Waste Act. Concerning law implementation and enforcement, Navajo Tribe has a right to equitable benefit sharing in natural resources and fair court proceeding for breach. A

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Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. "Protecting Indigenous Peoples through Right to Natural Resources: Lesson from the Existence of Navajo Tribe in the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 1, no. 3 (2015): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n3.111.

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From the perspective of international law, indigenous peoples have the rights to own, use, and control their natural resources within their territories. In the United States, the Navajo Tribe has enjoyed those rights. In terms of law making process, this tribe can enact some acts to preserve a control over their natural resources. Specifically, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Solid Waste Act. Concerning law implementation and enforcement, Navajo Tribe has a right to equitable benefit sharing in natural resources and fair court proceeding for breach. A

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Moinester, Margot. "A Look to the Interior: Trends in U.S. Immigration Removals by Criminal Conviction Type, Gender, and Region of Origin, Fiscal Years 2003-2015." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 9 (2019): 1276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219835276.

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Over the past two decades, the U.S. federal government has sought to increase its capacity to find, apprehend, and deport noncitizens residing in the United States who have violated federal immigration laws. One way the federal government has done this is by partnering with state and local law enforcement agencies on immigration enforcement efforts. The present study analyzes the records of all 1,964,756 interior removals between fiscal years 2003 and 2015 to examine how, if at all, the types of criminal convictions leading to removal from the U.S. interior have changed during this period of h

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Shinstine, Debbie S., and Khaled Ksaibati. "Indian Reservation Safety Improvement Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2364, no. 1 (2013): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2364-10.

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The need to reduce fatal and injury crashes on tribal lands has been recognized for years. The United States has realized a decline in fatal crashes over the past several years, but fatal crashes continue to increase on tribal lands. Little progress has been made in improving safety on tribal lands. Limited resources, lack of coordination across jurisdictions, the rural nature of many of the roadways, and lack of crash data have made it difficult for tribes to implement an effective safety improvement program. A methodology that can address these challenges is presented in this paper. The prop

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Aitmaganbetov, D. D., and S. Zh Aidarbayev. "Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United States of America on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters: problems and perspectives." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Law Series 141, no. 4 (2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6844-2022-141-4-34-47.

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The formation of an international legal framework in the field of combating crime through the conclusion of bilateral agreements with the authorities of foreign states is a priority activity of law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the fight against crime. Signing of the Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United States of America on mutual legal assistance is a logical continuation of the work of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan to expand international cooperation in combating international crime. In this article, the authors trie

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Daynard, Richard. "Regulatory Approaches to Ending Cigarette-Caused Death and Disease in the United States." American Journal of Law & Medicine 39, no. 2-3 (2013): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881303900205.

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Cigarettes result in over 400,000 preventable American deaths each year. In 2011, fewer than twenty percent of adults smoked. Since the publication of the first U.S. Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health nearly fifty years ago, when smoking prevalence was around forty percent, policies such as smoke-free laws, large tax increases, and litigation have collectively contributed to cut smoking prevalence in half. Unfortunately, no one expects the mix of policies currently proposed, which includes further tax increases, spatial smoking restrictions, somewhat higher minimum age restrictions

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Buxbaum, Hannah L. "National Courts, Global Cartels: F. Hoffman-LaRoche Ltd. v. Empagran, S.A. (U.S. Supreme Court 2004)." German Law Journal 5, no. 9 (2004): 1095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013109.

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In its most recent term, the United States Supreme Court heard a case arising out of the activities of a price-fixing cartel in the vitamins market. The defendants were a number of major international pharmaceuticals companies, including F. Hoffman-LaRoche, Rhone-Poulenc, Daiichi Pharmaceutical, and BASF, that had fixed prices for bulk vitamins and vitamin pre-mixes in markets around the world. The cartel, which has been described as “probably the most economically damaging cartel ever prosecuted under U.S. antitrust law,” is estimated to have affected over $5 billion of commerce worldwide. Pr

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OBOKATA, Tom. "The Value of International Law in Combating Transnational Organized Crime in the Asia-Pacific." Asian Journal of International Law 7, no. 1 (2015): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251315000193.

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AbstractThis paper explores the value of international law in combating transnational organized crime in the Asia-Pacific, with particular reference to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. It begins by highlighting the definitions of organized crime under national and international law. It then analyzes the extent to which states in the Asia-Pacific have implemented the Convention, focusing on harmonization of national criminal laws and procedures, mutual recognition of law enforcement decisions and measures, as well as provision of technical assistance. The pap

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Macintyre, Anthony G., Scott Weir, and Joseph A. Barbera. "The International Search and Rescue Response to the US Embassy Bombing in Kenya: The Medical Team Experience." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 14, no. 4 (1999): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00027667.

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On 07 August, 1998, a terrorist's bomb exploded outside of the United States Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. The explosion caused severe damage to the Embassy and surrounding structures, including almost complete collapse of the Ufundi building adjacent to the Embassy. The U.S. response to this tragedy included the deployment of medical, rescue, and law enforcement personnel to assist the Kenyan government. An integral component of this response was the deployment of an Urban Search and Rescue Task Force to aid in the location, extrication, and rescue of entrapped victims. This Task Force was spons

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Benson, Lenni B. "Immigration Adjudication: The Missing “Rule of Law”." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 2 (2017): 331–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500206.

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The United States spends more than $19 billion each year on border and immigration enforcement.1 The Obama administration removed more people in eight years than the last four administrations combined.2 Yet, to the Trump administration, enforcement is not yet robust enough. Among other measures, the administration favors more expedited and summary removals. More than 80 percent3 of all removal orders are already issued outside the court process: When the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) uses summary removal processes, both access to counsel and an immigration judge can be nearly impossibl

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Burda, Mikhail A., and Ekaterina S. Shevchenko. "POLITICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF THE UNITED STATES: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE." RUDN Journal of Political Science 21, no. 2 (2019): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2019-21-2-254-267.

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One of the big-league participants in major international processes, the US government defines the current agenda of the modern world order, steers the vector of international relations development and affects the distribution of power on the global political arena. A supporter of the Non-Institutionalized Global Governance concept and the idea of Rule of Law, American administration demonstrates its own, specific understanding of the goals and course of action of modern international legislation. It seems to have its own insight on the nature and order of international organizations in regard

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Weaver, Vesla M. "Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy." Studies in American Political Development 21, no. 2 (2007): 230–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x07000211.

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Civil rights cemented its place on the national agenda with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, fair housing legislation, federal enforcement of school integration, and the outlawing of discriminatory voting mechanisms in the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Less recognized but no less important, the Second Reconstruction also witnessed one of the most punitive interventions in United States history. The death penalty was reinstated, felon disenfranchisement statutes from the First Reconstruction were revived, and the chain gang returned. State and federal governments revised their criminal

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HOEKMAN, BERNARD M., and PETROS C. MAVROIDIS. "Nothing Dramatic (… regarding administration of customs laws)." World Trade Review 8, no. 1 (2009): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745608004242.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the 2005 dispute between the European Community (EC) and the United States (US) regarding the customs classification of two specific products and the ambit of Art. X GATT (Publication and Administration of Trade Regulations). The Dispute Settlement Panel and the Appellate Body (AB) essentially upheld the position advocated by the EC, with one exception that is of no practical import, as the EC had already modified its regime. While the AB followed prior case law, it added two new findings. First, the WTO-consistency of laws can be challenged under Art. X GATT if th

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Fliss, Mike Dolan, Jennifer Lao, BS, Forrest Behne, BS, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein. "Few Prison Systems Release Individual Death Data: Death in Custody Reporting Act Completeness, Speed, and Compliance." Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 30, no. 3 (2024): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000001893.

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The United States has one of the largest incarcerated populations per capita. Prisons are dangerous environments, with high in-prison and postrelease mortality. The Death in Custody Reporting Acts (DCRAs) of 2000 and 2013 require deaths of people in correctional custody or caused by law enforcement to be reported to the Bureau of Justice Assistance. These deaths must be reported within 3 months of the death and include 10 required fields (eg, age, cause of death). There is no public reporting requirement. Our Third City Mortality project tracks near-real-time data about individual deaths relea

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Skocpol, Theda. "A Society without a ‘State’? Political Organization, Social Conflict, and Welfare Provision in the United States." Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 4 (1987): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004554.

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ABSTRACTAmericans lack a sense of the state for many understandable historical reasons. Yet the specific organizational forms that state activities have taken in the United States from the time of the Constitution to the present have profoundly affected the social cleavages that have gained political expression and influenced the sorts of public policies that governments have – and have not – implemented. As an alternative or supplement to theoretical perspectives emphasizing the causal primacy of industrialization, national values, or class politics, this state-society perspective can illumin

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Edwards, Kerry Lynne, Yvonne M. Eaton-Stull, and Sarah Kuehn. "Police Officer Stress and Coping in a Stress-Awareness Era." Police Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2021): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611120984162.

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This study was conducted as controversy and turmoil engulfed police worldwide. Police-community conflict was widespread and conceivably increased officers’ stress levels. Because stress affects officers’ health and job performance, it is important to understand the phenomenon. This study was designed to ascertain officers’ stress levels, coping mechanisms, and perspectives regarding police-community relations, their perceived stress-related needs, and their perceptions of departmental assistance. Participants (N = 128) were police officers across several jurisdictions of various sizes in the n

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Shukurov, Shukhrat Z. "The power politics of the US and its partners in introducing Western democracy into Afghan society." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, no. 1 (2022): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-1-70-76.

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The subject of the study is the power policy of the United States and its allies in the fight against international terrorist organisations in Afghanistan, aimed at building a new Afghan society based on the principles of Western democracy. The research focuses on the processes of democratisation, which were implemented in three stages in 2001-2014. The article also describes important events related to democratization – the creation of a political system in Afghanistan loyal to the United States and its allies; the holding of the first presidential and parliamentary elections; the formation o

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Crawford, Nyron. "Lost Boys, Invisible Men: Racialized Policy Feedback after Marijuana Legalization." Public Administration Quarterly 47, no. 3 (2023): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37808/paq.47.3.5.

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One benefit of legalizing marijuana in the United States was that reform would end racial disparities in law enforcement and the negative effects of the so-called War on Drugs. However, the communities that have been most harmed by cannabis prohibition are benefiting the least. Apple-esque weed dispensaries now operate as legitimate storefronts while Black men, specifically, continue to be punished for past marijuana-related crimes. Yet, the research to-date has not paid sufficient attention to this emergent problem—that policy change predicated on reducing racial disparities has not sufficien

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Серединський, І. В. "DIRECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING OF POLICE STAFF." Juridical science, no. 1(103) (February 19, 2020): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.29.

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The scientific article examines the issues of areas of international cooperation in the field of police training. Emphasis is placed on the best practices of Western Europe, the United States and Canada. At first it was emphasized that in modern conditions there is a rapid development of international relations on the principles of integration and mutual enrichment, and not on the terms of rigid differentiation. It is determined that the interaction is especially evident in the field of international cooperation of European law enforcement agencies. The author found that international police c

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Engdahl, Ola. "THE STATUS OF PEACE OPERATION PERSONNEL UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 11 (December 2008): 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135908001098.

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AbstractCurrent peace operations often include an element of enforcement. Such operations are based upon Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter and are regularly endowed with a right to use ‘all necessary measures’ to fulfil the tasks set down in the particular mandate from the UN Security Council. Such operations, moreover, are often deployed in unstable conditions that border on armed conflict, or in areas of existing conflict. At times, the military forces involved in these operations are also involved in the armed conflict itself.The utilization of military force naturally raises the qu

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Rona, Gabor. "AN APPRAISAL OF US PRACTICE RELATING TO ‘ENEMY COMBATANTS’." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 10 (December 2007): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135907002322.

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Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the United States sought to establish a framework for detaining, interrogating and possibly prosecuting persons suspected of various degrees of connection to international terrorism. There were several factors militating against reliance on a tried and true law enforcement paradigm of arrest and prosecution in federal courts. Perhaps the most significant one, as described by then Attorney General Ashcroft and other senior officials in the Department of Justice, was the felt need for a fundamental shift in approach when dealing with terrorist suspects, f

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Batlan, Felice. "Déjà Vu and the Gendered Origins of the Practice of Immigration Law: The Immigrants’ Protective League, 1907–40." Law and History Review 36, no. 4 (2018): 713–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000469.

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Donald Trump's administration has provoked crisis after crisis regarding the United States’ immigration policy, laws, and their enforcement. This has affected millions of immigrants in the U.S. and those hoping to immigrate. Stemming from this, immigration lawyers are providing extraordinary amounts of direct pro bono legal services to immigrants in need. Yet the history of the practice of immigration law has been largely understudied. This article closely examines Chicago's Immigrants’ Protective League between 1910 and 1940. The League provided free counsel to tens of thousands of poor immig

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Prost, Stephanie Grace, Daniel G. Saunders, and Karen Oehme. "Childhood family violence and officer responses to officer-involved domestic violence: Effects of cumulative and resolved trauma." International Journal of Police Science & Management 22, no. 2 (2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461355720907641.

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Law enforcement officers who witness or experience abuse in their family of origin are at higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse. These trauma effects may, in turn, affect officers’ responses to domestic violence victims who call on them for help. The purpose of this study was to examine how these childhood traumas, PTSD, and alcohol abuse affect officers’ supportive responses to victims and perpetrators of officer-involved domestic violence (OIDV). We hypothesized that officers who witnessed or experienced family of origin violence would have higher levels of P

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Turkanova, V. "INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR OPENNESS AND TRANSPARENCY OF THE TRIAL AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LEGISLATION OF ENGLAND AND WELLS, THE USA AND THE EU)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 111 (2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2019/4.111-13.

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The article reveals the legal nature of the principle of openness and transparency of a trial and the enforcement of judgments as an integral part of the concept of a person's right to a fair trial. The purpose of our study is to find out the main approaches to the openness and transparency of the enforcement of judgments in the light of international and European standards, such as the laws of England and Wales, the US and EU law. For our comparative study, the United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Civil Procedure Rules of England and Wales have been selected in view of the need

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Ciccone, Teriggi J., Phillip D. Anderson, Chon A. D. Gann, et al. "Successful Development and Implementation of a Tactical Emergency Medical Technician Training Program for United States Federal Agents." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 1 (2005): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002120.

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AbstractIntroduction:The emerging need for tactical operations in law enforcement often places personnel involved at risk. Tactical operations often are carried out in environments in which access to emergency care is limited. With the war against terrorism expanding, special operations involving United States federal agents are occurring worldwide. Currently, there are very few tactical medicine curricula training traditional emergency medical services (EMS) providers to operate in these high-risk missions. Trainees in existing programs must have previous EMS experience, and are selected from

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Astuti, Ayu Endang, Aan Asphianto, and Mohamad Noor Fajar Al Arif. "CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT ANALYSIS AGAINST INDEPENDENT PRACTICE MIDWIVES IN COMMITTING UNLAWFUL ACTS." JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 10, no. 2 (2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jhr.v10i2.6226.

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The phenomenon of maternal and infant mortality in Banten Province is still high. Based on data released by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Jalin, in Banten Province every week there are an average of 5 mothers and 27 newborns who die the highest deaths are in Pandeglang Regency with 59 cases. and when the public's need for health services increases, especially midwife services, it is not balanced by the expertise and skills of midwives to form a good service work mechanism. So often we also find midwife services not in accordance with their authority. The proble

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Siry, Lawrence. "Cloudy days ahead: Cross-border evidence collection and its impact on the rights of EU citizens." New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 3 (2019): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419865608.

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In recent years, the development of cloud storage and the ease of cross-border communication have rendered the area of evidence collection particularly difficult for law enforcement agencies (LEAs), courts and academics. Evidence related to a criminal act in one jurisdiction might be stored in a different jurisdiction. Often it is not even clear in which jurisdiction the relevant data are, and at times the data may be spread over multiple jurisdictions. The traditional rules related to cross-border evidence collection, the mutual legal assistance treaty (MLAT) regimes, have proved to be out-da

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Filin, Vladimir, Bekbolat Koshchegulov, Alma Nurpeisova, and Adel Sadvakasova. "International experience in the implementation of the service model of the police and its role in protecting the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of the individual." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, no. 56 (June 10, 2024): 880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/56.2024.88pjt0.

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Relevance. The study is relevant because the global trend in public administration emphasizes respecting citizens' legitimate rights and interests. As a key law enforcement agency, the police play a crucial role in this respect. Transitioning to a service model can transform the police from a punitive body to one that serves society and provides quality services. Purpose. The study aims to investigate the experience of implementing the service model of policing in various developed countries, identify the core principles of this model, and determine its role in protecting citizens' constitutio

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Van Brederode, Robert F. "Tax Exemptions in Status of Forces Agreements." Intertax 43, Issue 4 (2015): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2015027.

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When a country stations military and associated personnel, including contractors, in another country, the question arises whether these activities and related income attract tax in the so-called host country. Typically, the sending and host countries will conclude a so-called status of forces agreement (SOFA) to address a number of practical and legal issues associated with the presence of foreign personnel in the host country, including entry and departure rules, postal services, and taxation. SOFAs may relate to military or law enforcement purposes, or serve in the context of foreign aid pro

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Überbacher, Florian, and Andreas Georg Scherer. "Indirect Compellence and Institutional Change: U.S. Extraterritorial Law Enforcement and the Erosion of Swiss Banking Secrecy." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 3 (2019): 565–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839219855033.

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Based on an in-depth, qualitative case study about a conflict between governmental authorities from the United States and Switzerland over the regulation of Swiss banks, we introduce indirect compellence as a novel triadic and indirect mechanism through which coercion leads to institutional change. Hostage-taking being a prototypical example, indirect compellence is typified by a coercive actor who takes a third party hostage to gain influence over a targeted actor. In our case, it meant that U.S. authorities (coercers) compelled Swiss policy makers (targets) to erode the famed Swiss banking s

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Bromberg, Daniel E. "Police Chiefs, Organizational Justice, and Body-Worn Cameras: A Key to Releasing Video Footage." American Review of Public Administration 52, no. 4 (2022): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740221084330.

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This study addresses a missing link in the organizational justice literature—a police chief's trust in their officers. Most organizational and procedural justice studies examine these concepts from an officer's perspective, but fail to capture how leaders perceive their officers. Trust, however, is a relational concept, which implies there might be effects of a leader's trust in their officers. This study addresses if a police chief's level of trust in officers will affect their behavior as related to the release of body-worn camera footage. Body-worn cameras have been adopted across the Unite

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Eger, Robert J., Deborah A. Knudson, Justin Marlowe, and Amy Klemm Verbos. "Agricultural Off-Road Fuel Tax: Midwestern Comparative Analysis and Assessment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1839, no. 1 (2003): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1839-07.

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During the past several years, state governments across the United States have engaged in a variety of new efforts to curb motor fuels tax evasion. Unlike the income tax, which is typically evaded through a simple reporting error or other manipulation, motor fuels tax evasion often occurs because potential evaders are able to exploit the complexity of the audit, collection, and exemption processes. Estimates of annual revenue losses related to this sort of evasion are substantial, ranging from $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion. In response to these estimates, FHWA and a number of state governments

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Valijonov, Daler. "Problems of international legal cooperation against corruption." Tsul legal report 4, no. 1 (2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.lr.4.1./lsve6381.

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"The article deals with the issues of international cooperation in providing legal assistance in the fight against corruption. In addition, this article is devoted to the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the fight against corruption within the framework of regional international organizations. Moreover, within the framework of this scientific study, proposals were analyzed to improve the system of providing legal assistance in the field of combating corruption. The author’s comparative analysis of international conventions, declarations and legislation of foreign countries served as

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