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1
Tao, Frances, Cassidy T. Lee, Edgar Castelan, and Ann Marie Cheney. "Social determinants of health among noncitizen deported US veterans: A participatory action study." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 8 (August 2, 2023): e0002190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002190.
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This qualitative study examines the social determinants of health among noncitizen deported United States veterans. We utilized Photovoice, a participatory action research method used to inform structural level change, with 12 veterans. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews explored photos and discussed deportation’s effects on veteran health. We performed rapid template and matrix analysis of interview transcripts. Interviews were conducted in Tijuana, Mexico from December 2018 to January 2019. Study findings show that veterans prioritize returning to the United States to improve their quality of life. Analysis of photos and narrative text indicated that deportation caused social, economic, and political insecurities. Veterans struggled to maintain access to necessities post-deportation. Disrupted social networks compounded their situation, resulting in chronic stress and poor health outcomes. The findings from this study offer insight into the ways deportation acts as a social determinant of health. The findings suggest modifying veteran reintegration programs, as well as reforming criminal justice and immigration laws, such as creating more Veteran Treatment Courts and allowing immigration judges to consider military history during deportation proceedings involving noncitizen veterans.
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Finlay, Andrea K., Jim McGuire, Jennifer Bronson, and Shoba Sreenivasan. "Veterans in Prison for Sexual Offenses: Characteristics and Reentry Service Needs." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 5 (August 10, 2018): 560–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063218793633.
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Among prison-incarcerated men in the United States, more veterans (35%) have a sexual offense conviction than nonveterans (23%). Limited research has investigated factors explaining the link between military service and sexual offending. Nationally representative data from prison-incarcerated men ( n = 14,080) were used to examine the association between veteran status and sexual offenses, adjusting for demographic, childhood, and clinical characteristics. Veterans had 1.35 higher odds (95% confidence interval = [1.12, 1.62], p < .01) of a sexual offense than nonveterans. Among veterans, those who were homeless or taking mental health medications at arrest had lower odds and veterans with a sexual trauma history had higher odds of a sexual offense compared with other offense types. Offering mental health services in correctional and health care settings to address trauma experiences and providing long-term housing options can help veterans with sexual offenses as they transition from prison to their communities.
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BERNIK, VALERIJA. "WOMEN VETERANS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR." VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?/ VETERAN ORGANISATIONS – ARE THEY EVEN NEEDED?, VOLUME 2017/ ISSUE 19/2 (June 15, 2017): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.2.5.
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Povzetek Druga svetovna vojna je bila obdobje, ko so bile ženske prvič v zgodovini v velikem obsegu vključene v vojaško službo. Zavezniki so jih vključevali v vojaške aktivnosti že vse od začetka vojne, tako v civilnem kot v vojaškem sektorju. Sovjetska zveza je za vojaško službo mobilizirala največji odstotek ženske populacije, Združene države Amerike pa so oblikovale homogene ženske vojaške enote. Ženske so bile aktivne tudi v partizanskih vojskah v Evropi. Borke so pokazale izjemne sposobnosti, bile so dragocene za vojaško moč svoje države, vendar so bile množično demobilizirane, ko se je vojna končala. Veteranke so bile večinoma prisiljene sprejeti tradicionalne ženske družbene vloge in pozabiti na svoja medvojna junaštva. Ključne besede Ženske v vojski, veteranke, druga svetovna vojna, demobilizacija, reintegracija v družbo. Abstract World War II was the first time in history that women were called upon for military service to a great extent. The Allied military forces utilized women from the beginning of the war in both the civilian and military sectors. The Soviet Union mobilized the largest percent of female population to perform military tasks. The United States formed the all-female military units. Women were active in partisan armies all over Europe. Women soldiers proved themselves to be of great value for their countries, but when the war was over, they were demobilized en masse. As women veterans they were mostly forced to accept traditional feminine social roles and to forget about their inter-war bravery. Key words Women in the military, women veterans, second world war, demobilization, reintegration into society
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Lewis, George. "The Curation of American Patriotism: The American Legion and The Story of Our American People." History & Memory 35, no. 2 (September 2023): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.35.2.04.
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Abstract: Attempts to frame the memory of military conflicts have often been driven by veterans' organizations whose members participated in the fighting. This article argues that, in the United States, the newly formed American Legion sought to control the national narrative of the Great War as part of its wider, ambitious project of Americanization and "100% Americanism," in particular via the curation and development of a school history textbook intended to deliver its ideology into every schoolhouse in the United States. In so doing, it revealed the contested nature of history writing, the depth of contemporary concerns over the value of history as a discipline and the difficulties of eliding the history of the American past with the concept of Americanization, especially in terms of sectionalism, race, immigration and empire.
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Lewis, George. "The Curation of American Patriotism: The American Legion and The Story of Our American People." History & Memory 35, no. 2 (September 2023): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a906481.
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Abstract: Attempts to frame the memory of military conflicts have often been driven by veterans' organizations whose members participated in the fighting. This article argues that, in the United States, the newly formed American Legion sought to control the national narrative of the Great War as part of its wider, ambitious project of Americanization and "100% Americanism," in particular via the curation and development of a school history textbook intended to deliver its ideology into every schoolhouse in the United States. In so doing, it revealed the contested nature of history writing, the depth of contemporary concerns over the value of history as a discipline and the difficulties of eliding the history of the American past with the concept of Americanization, especially in terms of sectionalism, race, immigration and empire.
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Bosmia, Anand N., and John D. Christein. "Charles Bernard Puestow (1902–1973): American surgeon and commander of the 27th Evacuation Hospital during the Second World War." Journal of Medical Biography 25, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015608052.
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Dr. Charles Bernard Puestow (1902–1973) was an American surgeon who is well known for developing the longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy, which is known as the “Puestow procedure” in his honor. Puestow served in the American military during the Second World War and commanded the 27th Evacuation Hospital, which provided medical and surgical services to wounded individuals in Europe and North Africa. In 1946, he founded the surgical residency training program at the Hines Veterans Hospital, which was the first such program in the United States based at a veterans hospital.
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Koonce, Thomas, Zach Moore, and Gary L. Beck Dallaghan. "Medical Students Learning to Take a Complete Military History." Family Medicine 53, no. 9 (October 4, 2021): 800–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2021.201979.
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Background and Objectives: Many United States military personnel are not full-time service members. Because of their part-time service, these veterans may not self-report their military service during medical visits. Consequently, past military service can be overlooked when taking a social history. We developed a case to provide preclinical medical students patient interview experience wherein the diagnosis relied on identifying past military service. Our objective was to determine if medical record write-ups included social history details about occupational information after this innovation. Methods: We conducted this case discussion in small groups during year 1 of medical school. We analyzed clinical skills examination write-ups before and after the case discussion to determine if the social history included occupational issues. Results: Initial results showed increased occupational issues as potential diagnoses or contributing factors. Conclusions: This case methodology specifically raised awareness of health issues related to military service and generally increased students’ likelihood of identifying occupational risk factors when conducting the social history. The template for this military case will allow us to develop additional cases focusing on different occupational health issues to complement other organ systems blocks.
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Aristide, Gibson. "A Qualitative Study of Disability in Minority Veterans and Their Utilization of the VA Health System." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2023): 904–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i12.mp01.
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Over time, as the United States army increased, white and minority citizens joined the military forces. This led to the establishment of the Veterans Bureau, and later the Veterans Administration, to care for the wounded soldiers. Although the nation had developed a system to provide services to veterans since the late 1700s, there has been a decline in utilization of y veteran service members in the modern day. The purpose of this phenomenological study is to investigate the causes behind the limited use of the mental health services provided by the VHA by minority veteran service members and to propose ways to improve these services. Additionally, another purpose was to examine any cases of discrimination against minority veteran service members based on interviews with participants and previous empirical literature. After conducting multiple interviews, the status of patient satisfaction, degree of reliance on VHA medical facilities, perception of efficiency of services, and patronage XIII were analyzed. In summary, previous empirical literature had indicated that minority veteran service members were more likely to face discrimination because of racial bias. However, today, that is not largely the case. Rather, most of the minority veteran service members interviewed did not face discrimination and they were content with the health services offered. While some of the interviewees did claim that they faced some acts of discrimination, the overwhelming majority did not. These findings suggest that most minority veteran service members do not face discrimination and that they are actively interested in seeking VH healthcare services. Nevertheless, understanding minority veteran service members may enable healthcare providers to provide them with customized healthcare sections.
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Omalu, Bennet, Jennifer L. Hammers, Julian Bailes, Ronald L. Hamilton, M. Ilyas Kamboh, Garrett Webster, and Robert P. Fitzsimmons. "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in an Iraqi war veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder who committed suicide." Neurosurgical Focus 31, no. 5 (November 2011): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.9.focus11178.
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Following his discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in football players in 2002, Dr. Bennet Omalu hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans may belong to the CTE spectrum of diseases. The CTE surveillance at the Brain Injury Research Institute was therefore expanded to include deceased military veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The authors report the case of a 27-year-old United States Marine Corps (USMC) Iraqi war veteran, an amphibious assault vehicle crewman, who committed suicide by hanging after two deployments to Fallujah and Ramadi. He experienced combat and was exposed to mortar blasts and improvised explosive device blasts less than 50 m away. Following his second deployment he developed a progressive history of cognitive impairment, impaired memory, behavioral and mood disorders, and alcohol abuse. Neuropsychiatric assessment revealed a diagnosis of PTSD with hyperarousal (irritability and insomnia) and numbing. He committed suicide approximately 8 months after his honorable discharge from the USMC. His brain at autopsy appeared grossly unremarkable except for congestive brain swelling. There was no atrophy or remote focal traumatic brain injury such as contusional necrosis or hemorrhage. Histochemical and immunohistochemical brain tissue analysis revealed CTE changes comprising multifocal, neocortical, and subcortical neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic threads (ranging from none, to sparse, to frequent) with the skip phenomenon, accentuated in the depths of sulci and in the frontal cortex. The subcortical white matter showed mild rarefaction, sparse perivascular and neuropil infiltration by histiocytes, and mild fibrillary astrogliosis. Apolipoprotein E genotype was 3/4. The authors report this case as a sentinel case of CTE in an Iraqi war veteran diagnosed with PTSD to possibly stimulate new lines of thought and research in the possible pathoetiology and pathogenesis of PTSD in military veterans as part of the CTE spectrum of diseases, and as chronic sequelae and outcomes of repetitive traumatic brain injuries.
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Schrader, Stuart. "Cops at War: How World War II Transformed U.S. Policing." Modern American History 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2021.12.
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World War II transformed policing in the United States. Many police enlisted in the military during the war, and in turn many veterans joined police forces following the victories of 1945. As wartime labor shortages depleted their ranks, police chiefs turned to new initiatives to strengthen and professionalize their forces, redoubling those efforts as growing fears of crime and internal security threats outlasted the global conflict. This article investigates the rapid growth of the military police, how African Americans responded to changes in policing due to the war, and these wartime experiences’ lingering impacts. Based on research in obscure and difficult-to-find police professional literature, and closely examining New York City, it argues that the war's effects on policing did not amount to “militarization” as currently understood, but did inspire more standardized and nationally coordinated approaches to recruitment as well as military-style approaches to discipline, training, and tactical operations.
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Tward, Alexander, and Jonathan David Tward. "Stage at presentation and oncologic outcomes for agent orange exposed and non-exposed United States veterans diagnosed with prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.259.
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259 Background: Exposure of Vietnam War Veterans to the defoliant Agent Orange (AO) has been linked to increased tumor stage of Veterans diagnosed with prostate cancer. However, information on the effect of exposure to treatment outcomes is lacking. The goal of this study was to evaluate oncologic outcomes in Veterans based on AO exposure history, accounting for known prognostic covariates not previously studied. Methods: United States military Veterans diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma born between the years 1930-1956 were identified from a large professionally curated institutional database. Evaluable patients had to have known AO exposure status, age, NCCN risk group, Charlson comorbidity score, smoking status, and whether initial therapy was surgical, radiation, or systemic. Risk of death, metastasis, and progression stratified by the type of initial therapy received was analyzed using Cox regression. Results: There were 70 AO exposed and 561 non-exposed Veterans identified, with a median follow-up of 10.0 years. AO exposure Veterans (AOeV) were significantly younger (64.0 versus 65.7 years, p=0.013) at diagnosis and presented at more advanced stages (e.g. Stage 4: 14.3% versus 2.5%) than non-exposed Veterans (non-AOeV). There was no difference for overall survival (HR=0.86, p=0.576, metastasis-free survival (HR=1.5, p=0.212), or progression-free survival (HR=0.67, p 0.060) between AOeV versus non-AOeV in analyses stratified by treatment received accounting for other prognostic covariates. Cigarette smoking was associated with a 2- 3-fold increased risk of death over those who quit or never smoked. Conclusions: Although AOeV do present at younger age and higher clinical stages than non-AOeV, the oncologic outcomes after accounting for treatments received and other prognostic covariates are similar. The implication is that AOeV are more likely to be recommended multimodality or systemic therapies at presentation.
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Sullan, Molly J., Kelly A. Stearns-Yoder, Zhaoyu Wang, Andrew J. Hoisington, Adam D. Bramoweth, Walter Carr, Yongchao Ge, Hanga Galfalvy, Fatemah Haghighi, and Lisa A. Brenner. "Study protocol: Identifying transcriptional regulatory alterations of chronic effects of blast and disturbed sleep in United States Veterans." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): e0301026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301026.
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Injury related to blast exposure dramatically rose during post-911 era military conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is among the most common injuries following blast, an exposure that may not result in a definitive physiologic marker (e.g., loss of consciousness). Recent research suggests that exposure to low level blasts and, more specifically repetitive blast exposure (RBE), which may be subconcussive in nature, may also impact long term physiologic and psychological outcomes, though findings have been mixed. For military personnel, blast-related injuries often occur in chaotic settings (e.g., combat), which create challenges in the immediate assessment of related-injuries, as well as acute and post-acute sequelae. As such, alternate means of identifying blast-related injuries are needed. Results from previous work suggest that epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation, may provide a potential stable biomarker of cumulative blast exposure that can persist over time. However, more research regarding blast exposure and associations with short- and long-term sequelae is needed. Here we present the protocol for an observational study that will be completed in two phases: Phase 1 will address blast exposure among Active Duty Personnel and Phase 2 will focus on long term sequelae and biological signatures among Veterans who served in the recent conflicts and were exposed to repeated blast events as part of their military occupation. Phase 2 will be the focus of this paper. We hypothesize that Veterans will exhibit similar differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with changes in sleep and other psychological and physical metrics, as observed with Active Duty Personnel. Additional analyses will be conducted to compare DMRs between Phase 1 and 2 cohorts, as well as self-reported psychological and physical symptoms. This comparison between Service Members and Veterans will allow for exploration regarding the natural history of blast exposure in a quasi-longitudinal manner. Findings from this study are expected to provide additional evidence for repetitive blast-related physiologic changes associated with long-term neurobehavioral symptoms. It is expected that findings will provide foundational data for the development of effective interventions following RBE that could lead to improved long-term physical and psychological health.
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Delgado, Roxana E., Kimberly Peacock, Chen-Pin Wang, and Mary Jo Pugh. "Phenotypes of caregiver distress in military and veteran caregivers: Suicidal ideation associations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): e0253207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253207.
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The United States (US) has been at war for almost two decades, resulting in a high prevalence of injuries and illnesses in service members and veterans. Family members and friends are frequently becoming the caregivers of service members and veterans who require long-term assistance for their medical conditions. There is a significant body of research regarding the physical, emotional, and social toll of caregiving and the associated adverse health-related outcomes. Despite strong evidence of the emotional toll and associated mental health conditions in family caregivers, the literature regarding suicidal ideation among family caregivers is scarce and even less is known about suicidal ideation in military caregivers. This study sought to identify clusters of characteristics and health factors (phenotypes) associated with suicidal ideation in a sample of military caregivers using a cross-sectional, web-based survey. Measures included the context of caregiving, physical, emotional, social health, and health history of caregivers. Military caregivers in this sample (n = 458) were mostly young adults (M = 39.8, SD = 9.9), caring for complex medical conditions for five or more years. They reported high symptomology on measures of pain, depression, and stress. Many (39%) experienced interruptions in their education and 23.6% reported suicidal ideation since becoming a caregiver. General latent variable analyses revealed three distinct classes or phenotypes (low, medium, high) associated with suicidality. Individuals in the high suicidality phenotype were significantly more likely to have interrupted their education due to caregiving and live closer (within 25 miles) to a VA medical center. This study indicates that interruption of life events, loss of self, and caring for a veteran with mental health conditions/suicidality are significant predictors of suicidality in military caregivers. Future research should examine caregiver life experiences in more detail to determine the feasibility of developing effective interventions to mitigate suicide-related risk for military caregivers.
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Dhillon, Nanak, Nayeon Jeon, Umut Gurkan, Anirban Sen Gupta, Robert Bonomo, Lawrence Drummy, Mei Zhang, and Mark Chance. "Military Medicine and Medical Research as a Source of Inspiration and Innovation to Solve National Security and Health Challenges in the 21st Century." Pathogens and Immunity 8, no. 1 (September 8, 2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20411/pai.v8i1.596.
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The history of military medicine and research is rife with examples of novel treatments and new approaches to heal and cure soldiers and others impacted by war’s devastation. In the 21st century, new threats, like climate change, are combined with traditional threats, like geopolitical conflict, to create novel challenges for our strategic interests. Extreme and inaccessible environments provide heightened risks for warfighter exposure to dangerous bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as exposure to toxic substances and extremes of temperature, pressure, or both providing threats to performance and eroding resilience. Back home, caring for our veterans is also a healthcare priority, and the diseases of veterans increasingly overlap with the health needs of an aging society. These trends of climate change, politics, and demographics suggest performance evaluation and resilience planning and response are critical to assuring both warfighter performance and societal health. The Cleveland ecosystem, comprising several hospitals, a leading University, and one of the nation’s larger Veteran’s Health Administration systems, is ideal for incubating and understanding the response to these challenges. In this review, we explore the interconnections of collaborations between Defense agencies, particularly Air Force and Army and academic medical center-based investigators to drive responses to the national health security challenges facing the United States and the world.
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Kim, Dong Sung, Jungyoup Lee, Yu Chan Kye, Euigi Jung, and Ki Young Jeong. "The Effects of Agent Orange in Patient with Pneumonia." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.18.1.26.
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Purpose: Agent Orange (AO) is a herbicide and defoliant used by the United States and its military allies during the Vietnam War. Pneumonia is a common cause of death among Vietnam veterans in our hospital. There have been no previous studies researching any association between AO exposure and the prognosis for pneumonia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between AO exposure and 30-day mortality due to pneumonia. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in veterans with pneumonia, and to assess the prevalence of combined diseases in AO-exposed veterans. Methods: This study retrospectively included veteran patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the emergency department and hospitalized between February 2014 and March 2018. The enrolled patients were grouped according to their defoliant exposure history, and the clinical information of defoliant-exposed and non-defoliant-exposed groups were compared. Patients were divided according to 30-day mortality, and significant factors influencing mortality were evaluated by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The final multivariate model revealed the effect of AO exposure on therapeutic outcomes of pneumonia. Results: A total of 1006 patients were analyzed. Of these, 276 patients had a history of AO exposure, whereas 730 patients had not been exposed. Factors positively associated with 30-day mortality were malignancy, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin which was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Exposure to defoliant is not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia. However, veterans with defoliant exposure are associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease.
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Vu, Linh D. "Bones of Contention: China’s World War II Military Graves in India, Burma, and Papua New Guinea." Journal of Chinese Military History 8, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 52–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341339.
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Abstract Exploring the construction and maintenance of Nationalist Chinese soldiers’ graves overseas, this article sheds light on post-World War II commemorative politics. After having fought for the Allies against Japanese aggression in the China-Burma-India Theater, the Chinese expeditionary troops sporadically received posthumous care from Chinese veterans and diaspora groups. In the Southeast Asia Theater, the Chinese soldiers imprisoned in the Japanese-run camps in Rabaul were denied burial in the Allied war cemetery and recognition as military heroes. Analyzing archival documents from China, Taiwan, Britain, Australia, and the United States, I demonstrate how the afterlife of Chinese servicemen under foreign sovereignties mattered in the making of the modern Chinese state and its international status.
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Denneson, Lauren M., Kyla J. Tompkins, Katie L. McDonald, Claire A. Hoffmire, Peter C. Britton, Kathleen F. Carlson, Derek J. Smolenski, and Steven K. Dobscha. "Gender differences in the development of suicidal behavior among United States military veterans: A national qualitative study." Social Science & Medicine 260 (September 2020): 113178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113178.
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Kovalenko, I., O. Berezan, and V. Pomohaibo. "POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER FOR MILITARY SERVANTS: THEORY, RESEARCH AND TREATMENT." Psychology and Personality, no. 2 (October 9, 2023): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2023.2.288310.
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Military service is associated with exposure to traumatic stressors, including war zone hazards, accidents, and other occupational hazards, which may place military personnel at increased risk for the developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The overall lifetime prevalence of PTSD among the world’s population varies between 10.0-11.3% for women and 5.0-6.0% for men. Among military veterans, the lifetime prevalence of the disorder is 13.4% and 7.7% for women and men, respectively.
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs and the United States Department of Defense recommend a clinical methodology for the treatment of PTSD, which includes the following components: a diagnosis based on the criteria of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” of the American Psychiatric Association; the presence of a high risk of harming oneself or others; functional status including duty and level of work responsibility; risk and protective factors; treatment history; medical history of the patient and his family. At the same time, joint decision-making with the patient is assumed, the key components of which are taking into account the patient’s preferences, educating the patient and his relatives with the concept of psychological trauma and the peculiarities of the course of PTSD, joint consideration with the patient of the advantages and disadvantages of available treatment options. The PTSD treatment process necessarily must be trauma-oriented and include the following types of psychotherapy: prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, brief eclectic psychotherapy, narrative exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and written exposure therapy. For situations where clinicians are not trained in trauma-focused psychotherapy or when patients refuse to initiate treatment, pharmacotherapy or non-trauma-focused manualized psychotherapy that includes stress resistance training, life-focused therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy is recommended.
Despite certain successes in the treatment of PTSD, important questions remain unsolved. First of all, there is a lack of clinical research to compare the effectiveness of the many available psychological treatments in general and for active-duty military personnel in particular. It is necessary to continue research in the field of precision medicine, which will make it possible to choose the most effective treatment for PTSD for each serviceman individually. To resolve these and similar issues, further long-term, consistent studies conducted on representative samples are needed.
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Keddem, Shimrit, Marissa Maier, Carolyn Gardella, Joleen Borgerding, Elliott Lowy, Maggie Chartier, Sally Haskell, Ronald Hauser, and Lauren Beste. "1353. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing and Case Rates Among Women Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S763—S764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1545.
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Abstract Background United States (US) rates of sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, especially gonorrhea and chlamydia, have increased over the past decade. Women Veterans have many risk factors associated with STIs, including high rates of childhood sexual assault, military sexual trauma and intimate partner violence. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic tests and evidence-based guidelines for annual screening among sexually active women under age 25, screening rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia remain low in the US and among Veterans. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all women Veterans in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 to examine patient characteristics and health system factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia testing and case rates among women Veterans in the VHA in 2019. Results Among women under age 25, 21.3% were tested for gonorrhea or chlamydia in 2019. After adjusting for demographic and other health factors, predictors of testing in women under age 25 included Black race (aOR: 2.11 CI: 1.89, 2.36), rural residence (aOR: 0.84, CI: 0.74, 0.95), and cervical cancer screening (aOR: 5.05 CI: 4.59, 5.56). Women under age 25 had the highest infection rates, with an incidence of chlamydia and gonorrhea of 1,950 and 267 cases/100,000, respectively. Incidence of gonorrhea and chlamydia was higher for women with a history of military sexual trauma (MST) (Chlamydia case rate: 265, Gonorrhea case rate: 97/100,000) and those with mental health diagnoses (Chlamydia case rate: 263, Gonorrhea case rate: 72/100,000.) Over a third of chlamydia cases (35.2%) and gonorrhea cases (35.5%) occurred in women who resided in the South Atlantic census division. Chlamydia cases per 100,000 women Veterans seen in VHA (2019) Gonorrhea cases per 100,000 women Veterans seen in VHA (2019) Conclusion Gonorrhea and chlamydia testing remains underutilized among women in the VHA and infection rates are high among younger women. Patient-centered, system-level interventions are urgently needed to address low testing rates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Rasmussen, Anders Bo. "“Drawn Together in a Blood Brotherhood”: Civic Nationalism amongst Scandinavian Immigrants in the American Civil War Crucible." American Studies in Scandinavia 48, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v48i2.5450.
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The American Civil War, 1861-1865, broke out during a time of intense debate over slavery and fear of foreign-born influence on American society. The war’s outbreak, however, provided both freedmen and immigrants an opportunity to prove their loyalty to the United States. Scandinavian Americans, among other ethnic groups, seized the opportunity. This article argues that the Scandinavian elite implicitly constructed at least three different forms of ethnic identity – here termed exclusive, political, and national – to spur enlistment at the ground level, gain political influence, and demonstrate American allegiance. In the process the Scandinavian war effort strengthened these immigrant soldiers’ ties to their adopted nation, while a political ethnic identity, initially constructed in opposition to other ethnic groups, was weakened by the Scandinavians’ experience in the American multiethnic military crucible. The Civil War thereby hastened Scandinavian immigrants’ path towards the American mainstream, where many veterans subsequently served as a bridge between their local communities and broader American society, and reinforced their belief in American civic nationalism.
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Amick, Melissa M., Alexandra Clark, Catherine B. Fortier, Michael Esterman, Ann M. Rasmusson, Alexandra Kenna, William P. Milberg, and Regina McGlinchey. "PTSD Modifies Performance on a Task of Affective Executive Control among Deployed OEF/OIF Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 7 (July 3, 2013): 792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000544.
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AbstractIndividuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show a cognitive bias for threatening information, reflecting dysregulated executive control for affective stimuli. This study examined whether comorbid mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) with PTSD exacerbates this bias. A computer-administered Affective Go/No-Go task measured reaction times (RTs) and errors of omission and commission to words with a non–combat-related positive or negative valence in 72 deployed United States service members from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Incidents of military-related mTBI were measured with the Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury-Lifetime. PTSD symptoms were measured with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Participants were divided into those with (mTBI+, n = 34) and without a history of military-related mTBI (mTBI−, n = 38). Valence of the target stimuli differentially impacted errors of commission and decision bias (criterion) in the mTBI+ and mTBI− groups. Specifically, within the mTBI+ group, increasing severity of PTSD symptoms was associated with an increasingly liberal response pattern (defined as more commission errors to negative distractors and greater hit rate for positive stimuli) in the positive compared to the negative blocks. This association was not observed in the mTBI− group. This study underscores the importance of considering the impact of a military-related mTBI and PTSD severity upon affective executive control. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
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Kelley, Rosalie J., Tina M. Waliczek, and F. Alice Le Duc. "The Effects of Greenhouse Activities on Psychological Stress, Depression, and Anxiety among University Students Who Served in the U.S. Armed Forces." HortScience 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12372-17.
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The mental health of the men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces is an area of great concern in the United States. Studies have shown the mental health of university students is also a concern with a growing need for support services and prevention measures. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of participation in particular greenhouse activities on depression, anxiety, and stress levels of students who served in the U.S. Armed Forces. The study included a control group and a treatment group. Participants completed a pre- and post 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) survey, along with a questionnaire designed to capture participants’ demographic information and information regarding their military service history. The treatment consisted of a 6-week indoor plant care program. Results of the study found that student veterans who participated in the plant care class had decreased levels of depression and stress when compared with the control group. In the post-test open-ended questions, student veterans described a noticeable feeling of reduced stress along with the ability to relax while having feelings of a sense of place (belonging). Participants also indicated that they would continue to grow plants as a hobby.
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Vincent, Jonathan. "Fighting for Real: Truth and American War Memory." American Literary History 35, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 1326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajad073.
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Abstract This essay-review considers two recent books on the subject of American veteran memoir—Stephen Cushman’s The General’s Civil War (2021) and Myra Mendible’s American War Stories (2021). Surveying military conflicts centered on the US Civil War and the more recent wars from Vietnam to Afghanistan, both authors examine a range of veteran nonfiction writing, and with the explicit purpose of speaking to US audiences in our own time. Given the United States’ severely divided political culture today, both authors see the lessons and hard truths expressed in veteran memoir as rife with possibilities for addressing American social divisions in the twenty-first century. Along the way, a preoccupation with the very themes of “truth” and “reality” exposed by war representation leads both authors, though for very different reasons, to meditate on the need for new epistemological frameworks that, given the limitations of a waning postmodernism, would restore a fresh commitment to both. While very different philosophies of history shape the perspectives of each author, the revivified commitment to truth-telling unites their accounts.[A] . . . central theme . . . in . . . US military history and the literary portrayal of war is the renewed commitment to historical veracity, expanded factuality, and representational depth—in short, a fuller, more capacious picture of both the truth and reality of war-making.
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Pagadala, Meghana, Asona Lui, Julie Ann Lynch, Roshan Karunamuni, Kyung Min Lee, Anna Plym, Brent S. Rose, et al. "Healthy lifestyle, Agent Orange exposure, and inherited PCa risk: An analysis of the Million Veteran Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.6_suppl.210.
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210 Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) risk is understood to be mostly unmodifiable and inherited, but there is evidence that environmental and behavioral factors may also contribute. A recent study of health professional cohorts suggests a healthy lifestyle can mitigate a high inherited risk of lethal PCa. It is unknown how modifiable factors affect PCa risk in more diverse populations. Our objective was to determine the effects of healthy lifestyle and Agent Orange exposure on PCa risk when accounting for race/ethnicity, family history, and genetic risk in a diverse population. Methods: The Million Veteran Program (MVP) is a national, population-based cohort study of United States military veterans conducted 2011-2021 with 590,750 male participants available for analysis. Healthy lifestyle was quantified as: A healthy lifestyle score (range 0-3) was calculated with a point assigned for each of the following at MVP enrollment: not a current smoker, body mass index (BMI) 30 and strenuous activity 2 days per week. Agent Orange exposure was obtained from VA records. Genetic risk was assessed via a polygenic hazard score using genotype data. Results: Healthy lifestyle was independently associated with reduced metastatic PCa (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.87, p<0.001) and fatal PCa (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.86, p<0.01) when accounting for family history, genetic risk, and race/ethnicity. The benefit of healthy lifestyle was also observed in Black participants on subset analysis. Agent Orange exposure was an independent factor for PCa diagnosis (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09). Conclusions: Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of metastatic or fatal PCa, which offsets inherited risk.
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Beadie, Nancy, Joy Williamson-Lott, Michael Bowman, Teresa Frizell, Gonzalo Guzman, Jisoo Hyun, Joanna Johnson, et al. "Gateways to the West, Part I: Education in the Shaping of the West." History of Education Quarterly 56, no. 3 (August 2016): 418–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hoeq.12209.
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In 1950, theDenver Catholic Registerpublished an article describing and challenging the varieties of “prejudice” that a military pilot moving from base to base in the United States might encounter. To “successfully transact business” in the vicinity of various “metropolitan landing fields,” the writer admonished, the veteran must:Remember to be not too sanguine about people of Oriental ethnic origin when talking with a merchant in Seattle, that he must speak about the Jew with a slight sneer in Eastern cities, that the Colored person must be “kept in his place” in Houston, that in reservation country the Indian must be treated as a man would treat a child and that in the San Antonio-Los Angeles-Denver triangle it is wiser to remember that the Mexican-American is a second-class citizen.
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Khuc, Thi, and Christian Jackson. "Association between Charlson-Deyo Score and delay to colonoscopy in veterans subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.288.
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288 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States and expected to cause 51,020 deaths in 2019. Early detection with yearly fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been proven to decrease CRC mortality. A 30-day delay from positive FOBT to colonoscopy is associated with increased risk of CRC. The Veterans Affairs Health System (VAHS) treats approximately 11% of CRCs in the United States. The effects of an aging population, physician shortage, and increased military personnel entering the VAHS may increase demands on VAHS resources. The primary aim of this study was to determine risk factors that caused delay to colonoscopy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 600 patients referred for colonoscopy from January 1999 to January 2009, who were subsequently diagnosed with CRC. Patients with a prior CRC diagnosis were excluded. The final study cohort consisted of 530 patients. We analyzed the relationship between 10 variables and delay in time from initial consultation to colonoscopy. Variables consisted of age, sex, race, ethnicity, CRC location, marital status, history of mental health diagnosis, tobacco use, substance abuse, Charlson/Deyo (C/D) score and season of referral for colonoscopy. A delay in time was defined as 30 days or greater. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, race, CRC location and C/D score. Results: A total of 87.17% of patients experienced a delay in time from initial consultation to colonoscopy. When analyzed with a predictive variable of delay to colonoscopy, C/D score of ≥ 2 versus 0, was associated with higher odds of delay in time to colonoscopy (OR = 2.18, p = 0.02). African American race and Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a higher odds of delay in time to colonoscopy, but was not statistically significant (OR = 1.47, p = 0.47, OR = 1.37, p = 0.48). Conclusions: Patients with a C/D score ≥ 2 were 218% more likely to have delay in time from initial consult to colonoscopy, resulting in a delayed CRC diagnosis. C/D score may be used to determine which patients should have more frequent reminders to schedule their colonoscopy to prevent delays in care. Randomized and prospective studies will need to be performed.
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Pease, Donald E. "The Uncanny Return of Settler-Colonial Capitalism in Toni Morrison’s Home." boundary 2 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8193233.
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Toni Morrison’s 2012 novel Home is concerned primarily with the efforts undertaken by its protagonist, the black Korean War veteran Frank Money, to accommodate himself to civilian life. However, Home differs from other Korean War novels in that after Frank returns to the United States, he neither aligns his wartime experiences with the superpower rivalry nor conducts a critical meta-engagement with Cold War ideology. When Frank comes back to the United States in 1955 from a tour of duty as a combat infantryman in Chosin, Korea, he instead undergoes the unheimlich experience of becoming a fugitive within a carceral state. Morrison confronts readers with a comparably uncanny experience when she deletes from the narrative any trace of the Cold War ideology whose structures of feeling, epistemologies, and military architecture the Korean War was putatively fought to establish and that the so-called war on terror had eerily revived. When she disallowed Cold War ideology control over representations of Home’s characters, actions, and events, Morrison recast the Korean War as the Cold War’s uncanny Other that exposed readers to an ongoing settler-colonial war being waged within 1950s US domestic society.
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Jansen, Jan C. "American Indians for Saint-Domingue?" French Historical Studies 45, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 49–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-9434866.
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Abstract The article examines plans for a military reconquest of Haiti and uses them as a lens to explore broader connections between exile, diplomacy, violence, and geopolitics in the wake of Haiti's independence. It retraces the networks and core elements shaping a plan involving Louis Marie Turreau de Garambouville, infamous veteran of the War in the Vendée and then French ambassador to the United States, as well as refugees from Saint-Domingue and Native Americans. On the one hand, the plan attests to the interconnections of the French and Haitian Revolutions with regard to the circulation of concepts of irregular warfare. On the other hand, the links between a veteran of the Revolutionary Wars, “counterrevolutionary” exiles, and Native Americans serve as a window onto the complex and messy realities of diplomacy in the rapidly shifting and uncertain geopolitical setting of the Americas in the midst of the Age of Revolutions. Cet article étudie des projets de reconquête d'Haïti au milieu des années 1800, les prenant comme point de départ pour explorer les rapports entre exil, diplomatie, violence et géopolitique au lendemain de l'indépendance. Il retrace les réseaux sociaux et les éléments-clefs d'un plan de reconquête impliquant à la fois Turreau de Garambouville, célèbre général de la guerre de la Vendée, puis ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis, des réfugiés de Saint-Domingue et des groupes amérindiens. Cette étude de cas permet de démontrer, d'une part, la circulation des concepts de guerre irrégulière entre les révolutions en France et en Haïti ; de l'autre, la mise en évidence des interactions entre un ancien combattant des guerres révolutionnaires, des exilés « contre-révolutionnaires », ainsi que des Amérindiens, permet d'analyser les réalités diplomatiques complexes et des alliances surprenantes dans le contexte géopolitique incertain et changeant des Amériques au milieu de l’ère des révolutions.
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Waite, Kristin, John Bihn, Gino Cioffi, Corey Neff, Carol Kruchko, Quinn Ostrom, Kaitlin Swinnerton, et al. "EPID-31. BRAIN TUMORS IN UNITED STATES MILITARY VETERANS." Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (November 1, 2023): v122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0463.
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Abstract Veterans account for ~7% of the adult United States population, with half seeking care through the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). A comprehensive analysis of incidence and survival for brain tumors in the Veteran population has been lacking. Veteran data was obtained from VHA Medical Centers that diagnose and treat cancer via the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Brain tumor statistics on the overall US population were generated from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States data. Cases were defined as individuals (≥18 years) with a primary brain tumor, diagnosed between 2004-2018, and identified using administrative criteria based on International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) topography and morphology codes. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated per 100,000 population. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to evaluate overall survival outcomes among Veterans. The Veteran population was primarily white (78%), male (93%), and between 60-64 years old (18%). Individuals with a primary brain tumor in the general US population were mainly female (59%) and between 18-49 years old (28%). The overall AAIR of primary brain tumors from 2004-2018 within the VA cancer registry was 11.6. Non-malignant tumors were more common than malignant tumors (AAIR:7.19 vs 4.42). The most diagnosed tumors in Veterans were non-malignant pituitary tumors (AAIR:2.96), non-malignant meningioma (AAIR:2.62), and glioblastoma (AAIR:1.96). In general, in the Veteran population, survival outcomes became worse with age and were lowest among individuals diagnosed with glioblastoma. Differences between the Veteran and US population can be broadly attributed to the differences in the demographic composition of these groups. Prior to this study, there have been no reports on national level incidence rates and survival outcomes for Veterans. Statistics like these provide vital information that drive efforts to understand disease burden and improve outcomes for individuals with primary brain tumors.
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Gelpi, Christopher, and Peter D. Feaver. "Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick? Veterans in the Political Elite and the American Use of Force." American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (December 2002): 779–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540200045x.
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Other research has shown (1) that civilians and the military differ in their views about when and how to use military force; (2) that the opinions of veterans track more closely with military officers than with civilians who never served in the military; and (3) that U.S. civil–military relations shaped Cold War policy debates. We assess whether this opinion gap “matters” for the actual conduct of American foreign policy. We examine the impact of the presence of veterans in the U.S. political elite on the propensity to initiate and escalate militarized interstate disputes between 1816 and 1992. As the percentage of veterans serving in the executive branch and the legislature increases, the probability that the United States will initiate militarized disputes declines. Once a dispute has been initiated, however, the higher the proportion of veterans, the greater the level of force the United States will use in the dispute.
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Kurtzke, JF. "Some contributions of the Department of Veterans Affairs to the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 14, no. 8 (July 16, 2008): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458508096005.
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The first class 1 treatment trial ever conducted in multiple sclerosis (MS) was a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. This led us to explore MS in the military–veteran populations of the United States in three main series: Army men hospitalized with final diagnoses of MS in World War II, all veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict, and veterans of later service up to 1994. In each series, all cases had been matched with pre-illness military peers. These series provide major information on its clinical features, course and prognosis, including survival, by sex and race (white men and women; black men), as well as risk factors for occurrence, course, and survival. They comprise the only available nationwide morbidity distributions of MS in the United States. Veterans who are service-connected for MS by the Department of Veterans Affairs and matched with their military peers remain a unique and currently available resource for further clinical and epidemiological study of this disease.
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Odani, Satomi, Israel T. Agaku, Corinne M. Graffunder, Michael A. Tynan, and Brian S. Armour. "Tobacco Product Use Among Military Veterans — United States, 2010–2015." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6701a2.
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Hughes, Jaime M., Christi S. Ulmer, S. Nicole Hastings, Jennifer M. Gierisch, Mid-Atlantic VA MIRECC Workgroup, and Matthew O. Howard. "Sleep, resilience, and psychological distress in United States military Veterans." Military Psychology 30, no. 5 (August 17, 2018): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2018.1478551.
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Hughes, Jaime M., Christi S. Ulmer, Jennifer M. Gierisch, S. Nicole Hastings, and Matthew O. Howard. "Insomnia in United States military veterans: An integrated theoretical model." Clinical Psychology Review 59 (February 2018): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.005.
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Kent, Kelsey G. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in US Military Veterans under outpatient care at the Veterans Health Administration." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211049112.
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Objectives: There are currently no reliable estimates of the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in the US Military Veterans. Hence, the study aims to determine its prevalence in military Veterans in the United States. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective, correlational design using a patient record database from the Department of Veteran’s Affairs. The participants in the study were Veterans diagnosed with gastrointestinal disease. Specific gastrointestinal diseases include more than 500,000 ambulatory care visits annually in the United States, which included peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diverticular disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia, as well as the symptoms of constipation and nausea/vomiting. This study revealed the exact prevalence of gastrointestinal disease diagnosed in Veterans served in outpatient settings by the Veterans Health Administration and broke down this prevalence over time and by the Veteran period of service. Results: Findings revealed that gastrointestinal disease prevalence among Veterans varied according to their period of service. Conclusions: Findings may help improve screening for Veterans with this increased risk factor. However, further research should be performed to verify the prevalence of gastrointestinal disease in Veterans as compared to the general American population.
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Kostyshyn, Emilia, Vita Hrytsaniuk, and Yuliia Shevtsiv. "USA EXPERIENCE REGARDING THE REINTEGRATION OF WAR VETERANS INTO CIVILIAN LIFE." Social work and social education, no. 1(12) (April 30, 2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.1(12).2024.305055.
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The article summarizes the experience of the United States regarding the reintegration of veterans into civilian life, namely: the peculiarities of regulatory and legal regulation and the main directions of veteran policy. It was established that the American legislation uses two terms –«veteran» and «active military serviceman», while in Ukraine – «combatant», «military serviceman», «war veteran», «war participant». The American practice of military reintegration into civilian life involves mandatory participation in the Transition Assistance Program (TAP). The main directions of military reintegration into civilian life in the USA, which are under the competence of the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Labor, are: social adaptation; psychological support; professional retraining; support with housing. Social adaptation includes social communication, social support and formation of new social skills. Psychological support includes specialized support and treatment. Professional retraining of veterans is the acquisition of new professional qualifications through the acquisition of additional education or skills. Support with housing includes providing a loan for the purchase of housing, maintenance and adaptation of houses to new requirements in case of disability.It has been established that the USA is a country where «military social work» was formed, which is understood as a specialized practice of social work that provides support to military personnel, war veterans and their family members. Military social workers provide a range of services (counseling, crisis intervention, supervision), conduct training and coaching, and organize presentations of special client health support events to colleagues at all levels. Regarding the provision of social benefits, the USA has an exclusive approach to veterans policy – welfare programs for veterans operate separately from programs for the general population. The current system of benefits for veterans in the United States is complex.
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May, David C., Kristen L. Stives, Makeela J. Wells, and Peter B. Wood. "Does Military Service Make the Experience of Prison Less Painful? Voices From Incarcerated Veterans." Criminal Justice Policy Review 28, no. 8 (February 10, 2016): 770–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416628600.
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There are more than 100,000 military veterans incarcerated in prisons throughout the United States. Nevertheless, almost nothing is known about these veterans or their incarceration experiences. In this article, we present results from a survey of more than 1,100 inmates in a large state correctional system to determine how inmates who are military veterans compare with inmates who have not served in the military in terms of their willingness to serve alternative sanctions to avoid imprisonment. The data reveal that, with the exception of military service, inmates who are military veterans are significantly less likely than their counterparts who have not served in the military to accept a variety of community sanctions over prison. In addition, Black inmates who have not served in the military are somewhat different than White inmates who have served in the military in those choices. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
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Degeneffe, Charles Edmund. "Families of veterans with traumatic brain injury in Australia and the United States: Implications for rehabilitation counselors." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 27, no. 2 (December 2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2021.5.
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AbstractStarting with World War I, Australia and the United States have been allies in military operations. Since then, both countries have been challenged by meeting the needs of military personnel incurring traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially during recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. TBI impacts all members of the veteran’s family. This paper articulates the shared responsibility both countries assume in meeting the support needs faced by families of military veterans with TBI and how TBI in the military is different than in the civilian population. The paper describes how both countries differently address the needs of family caregivers of veterans with TBI and outlines areas for rehabilitation counselor collaborations in research and training.
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Passmore, EdD, CTRS/L, FDRT, Tim, Taylor Smith, MS, CTRS/L, Donna Lindenmeier, PhD, and Brittany Dao, BS, CTRS/L. "Mandala and free-form drawing recreational therapy interventions for veterans with PTSD." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2021.0228.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an insidious mental disorder that brings about chaos and affects multiple life domains. Recreational therapy has provided interventions for PTSD and other disorders affecting veterans of the United States military throughout the decades. Recreational therapists search out effective interventions for veterans who will be in congruence with the military culture and allow for greatest impact on the related disorders. Mandala and free-form drawing are expressive interventions that fit within the military culture and have potential to bring about functional change for veterans living with PTSD. The findings of a recent study with veterans living with PTSD provides support for the inclusion and further exploration of both types of expressive interventions for veterans living with PTSD.
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Passmore, EdD, CTRS/L, FDRT, Tim, Taylor Smith, MS, CTRS/L, Donna Lindenmeier, PhD, and Brittany Dao, BS, CTRS/L. "Mandala and free-form drawing recreational therapy interventions for veterans with PTSD." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2020.0204.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an insidious mental disorder that brings about chaos and affects multiple life domains. Recreational therapy has provided interventions for PTSD and other disorders affecting veterans of the United States military throughout the decades. Recreational therapists search out effective interventions for veterans who will be in congruence with the military culture and allow for greatest impact on the related disorders. Mandala and free-form drawing are expressive interventions that fit within the military culture and have potential to bring about functional change for veterans living with PTSD. The findings of a recent study with veterans living with PTSD provides support for the inclusion and further exploration of both types of expressive interventions for veterans living with PTSD.
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Matthews, Michael D., Bruce S. Harger, and Charles N. Weaver. "Attitudes toward Homosexual Behavior: Effects of Veteran Status." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (December 1994): 1516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1516.
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The present study examined the attitudes toward homosexual behavior of veterans of United States military service and nonveterans. Using a nationwide survey as the database, 1,293 veterans did not differ from 2,330 nonveterans in approval of homosexual behavior, as over 74% of each group expressed disapproval.
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Blau, Gary, and Glen Miller. "Education as a Pathway to Help Job Searching Military Veterans’ Transition to Civilian Life." Journal of Education and Development 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v5i1.822.
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The transition from military to civilian life can be a difficult process. Two distinct samples of working United States military veterans were studied: combat (n = 56) and non-combat (n=43). The goal of this study was to investigate the specific role of furthering one’s education as a pathway to help job-searching military veterans in their transition to civilian life. Across both samples, veterans who were actively job searching had higher burnout and general exhaustion than veterans not actively searching. There was partial support for finding veterans who were actively job searching to be currently furthering their education, and for those currently furthering their education to perceive higher occupational alternatives. High percentages in both samples were currently going to school to further their education. The importance of education as a pathway to support military veterans making a successful transition to civilian life is discussed.
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Cohen, Eliot A. "United States Military Academy, Department of History." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 3 (2002): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033177.
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Hinojosa, Ramon. "Cardiovascular disease among United States military veterans: Evidence of a waning healthy soldier effect using the National Health Interview Survey." Chronic Illness 16, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742395318785237.
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Objectives Cardiovascular disease is the most common chronic health condition affecting Americans. One important group of Americans that health researchers have noted as key to understanding general population health and wellbeing are veterans of the US military. The healthy soldier effect has been used to explain the health benefits of military service during and for a period of time after service. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in a national sample of veterans and non-veterans with specific attention paid to reported cardiovascular disease across ages. Methods A total of 150,067 veteran and non-veteran respondents from the National Health Interview Survey were examined for the likelihood of reporting the type and number of cardiovascular conditions. Results Veterans report higher rates of certain cardiovascular disease conditions and report a higher number of cardiovascular disease conditions compared to non-veterans. Veterans also reported higher numbers of cardiovascular disease conditions at younger ages (ages 25–65) compared to non-veteran counterparts. At older ages (ages 66 to 85+), non-veterans reported higher numbers of cardiovascular disease conditions compared to veterans. Discussion Our findings are consistent with research that indicates a waning healthy soldier effect for young veterans.
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Buchner, Anna M., and Amnon Sonnenberg. "Comorbid occurrence of liver and pancreas disease in United States military veterans." American Journal of Gastroenterology 96, no. 7 (July 2001): 2231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03941.x.
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Hughes, Jaime M., Christi S. Ulmer, Jennifer M. Gierisch, and Matthew O. Howard. "Single-Item Measures for Detecting Sleep Problems in United States Military Veterans." Journal of General Internal Medicine 33, no. 5 (January 23, 2018): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4250-4.
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Ma, Helen, and Pankaj Gupta. "Characteristics and Outcomes of Lymphoid Malignancies in Female United States Military Veterans." Blood 140, Supplement 1 (November 15, 2022): 13111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-169939.
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Van Slyke, Ryan D., and Nicholas J. Armstrong. "Communities Serve: A Systematic Review of Need Assessments on U.S. Veteran and Military-Connected Populations." Armed Forces & Society 46, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 564–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x19845030.
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Military veterans and their families face a multiplicity of challenges once they transition from service. Even though more American private and public-sector organizations are engaged in studying the needs of veterans and their families through need assessments, few assessments are comprehensive analyses of the challenges they face. This systematic review of 61 need assessments from 2007-2018 in the United States summarizes findings on 18 veterans issues. While most studies addressed issues relating to accessing U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs health and benefit services, mental health, employment, and homelessness, gaps in the literature emerged, particularly regarding ethnic and sexual minority, rural and elderly veterans, and National Guard/Reserve servicemembers. Large cities and states with varying degrees of military presence were frequent regions of study, with national think tanks, nonprofit organizations, and public universities conducting most need assessments. Future assessments should address persistent inequities in coverage among communities and topics of study using mixed-method research and survey design.
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Sterling, David L., and Richard H. Kohn. "The United States Military under the Constitution of the United States, 1789-1989." Journal of Military History 58, no. 2 (April 1994): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944031.
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Khairatun, Siti Nurhayati. "Developing Franchise Frameworks for Military Veterans: A Corporate Analysis." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ijer.v2i3.901.
Full textAbstract:
Every year, thousands of Malaysian veterans are discharged honorably. Various training schemes have been introduced to prep up the veterans with skills and knowledge. The aim of those schemes is to allow them to earn decent incomes once they leave the service. In developed countries, military veteran initiatives have been introduced by many franchisors as efforts to help them restart their civilian life. This paper presents a proposed franchise framework on recruiting military veterans as franchisees in Malaysia. Over 600 franchise systems of United States franchisor companies have incorporated the veterans initiatives for franchise opportunity. A content analysis of 50 top best franchisors companies with veterans initiatives generates three core structures of veterans initiatives including financial incentives, corporate support and training. A descriptive analysis is also reported to characterize the dataset. Further, the findings recommend an inclusion of policy relating to veterans initiatives by the government to encourage the franchise players to participate in extending assistance to the veterans. The practical implication of this study provides a fundamental guideline for the franchise industry in Malaysia to design their own veterans initiatives frameworks.
Keywords: Franchise Frameworks; Military Veterans Initiatives; Content Analysis; Malaysia