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Academic literature on the topic 'United States. National Council on Drug Abuse Control'
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Journal articles on the topic "United States. National Council on Drug Abuse Control"
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Abd-Elsayed, Alaa. "Prescription Drugs and the US Workforce: Results from a National Safety Council Survey." Pain Physician 1;23, no. 1;1 (January 14, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2020/23/1.
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Background: The cost of chronic pain in the United States is extremely high. Opioids are one of the most common medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain, and their misuse and addiction have been of concern. It has been found that opioids are frequently abused and negatively impact the American workforce. Objectives: The objective of this study was to obtain data on US employers’ concerns and priorities, perceptions of prescription drug abuse, perceived impact of prescription drug use on the workplace, identification of and response to drug abuse, perceived ability to handle prescription drug abuse in the workplace, and workplace initiatives, employee assistance programs, employee drug testing, workplace prescription drug training, insurance coverage of alternative treatment, and overall preparedness to deal with the issue. Study Design: This research used an employer proprietary questionnaire created by members of the National Safety Council in cooperation with market research experts at B2B International. Setting: Employers surveyed via an online survey represent diverse industries and geographical areas. Methods: The research was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. Participants were recruited from a sample of verified panelists through Research Now, and fieldwork was conducted online by B2B International. This report is on 501 interviews that each represent a US employer with 50 or more employees. The employers sampled are extremely diverse in not only size and industry, but also geography and centralization. Results: Our results showed that 67% of employers reported concerns related to prescription drug misuse, which was comparable to workplace violence and more concerning than the use of illegal drugs. Sixty-one percent reported concerns related to prescription opioids, which was a higher concern than using anti-anxiety medications, stimulants, and even heroin. Limitations: Survey study with descriptive analysis with limited sample. Conclusions: Prescription drug misuse and abuse concern American employers. Their side effects are clear, but employers are less likely to acknowledge their detrimental business effect. Employers report being unprepared for dealing with issues related to this; however, the firms with programs in place feel more prepared to deal with misuse and abuse. Key words: Prescription drugs, US workforce, chronic pain
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Kinder, Douglas Clark. "Shutting Out the Evil: Nativism and Narcotics Control in the United States." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 4 (October 1991): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007454.
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The general public in the United States has been inundated during the 1980s and early 1990s with information about narcotics abuse, trafficking, and control. From journalists, politicians, law enforcement officials, and the medical community, the American populace ascertained that illicit drug use and trading have recently become among the nation's most intractable problems. Repeatedly, those sources reported that the consumption of cocaine, especially “crack”, had reached epidemic proportions, that drug-related violence overran the country's major cities, that youths should (according to First Lady Nancy Reagan) “just say no” to the purveyors of addictive substances, and that Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush had declared war on drugs. Americans learned too that only partial gains had been made against narcotics abuse and trafficking. Such a realization proved difficult for them to fathom following the 1988 presidential election campaign with its antidrug rhetoric, after the enactment by Congress of the Omnibus Drug Act of 1988 (which created a cabinet level “drug czar”—the director of the office of National Drug Control Policy in the Executive Office of the President), and given the stormy two-year tenure of William Bennett in that post. Of greater concern by 1991, evaluations of the nation's antinarcotics endeavors by the press, government authorities, and other informed observers indicated that the fundamental strategy of drug control was in dispute. Notwithstanding compelling arguments which insisted that the narcotics problem would continue until the domestic demand for drugs ended, federal government efforts have generally sought to eliminate foreign narcotics production and the smuggling of those substances into the United States.
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Hopkins, Richard S., Michael Landen, and Megan Toe. "Development of Indicators for Public Health Surveillance of Substance Use and Mental Health." Public Health Reports 133, no. 5 (August 3, 2018): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354918784913.
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Substance use and mental health disorders can result in disability, death, and economic cost. In the United States, rates of death from suicide, drug overdose, and chronic liver disease (a marker for alcohol abuse) have been rising for the past 15 years. Good public health surveillance for these disorders, their consequences, and their risk factors is crucially important for their prevention and control, but surveillance has not been conducted consistently in the states. In 2015, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists convened a workgroup to develop a set of uniformly defined surveillance indicators that could be used by state and local health departments to monitor these disorders and to compare their occurrence in various jurisdictions. This report briefly describes the indicators and outlines the process used to develop them.
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Whitesell, Mackenzie, Annette Bachand, Jennifer Peel, and Mark Brown. "Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use." Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/579310.
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Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal high numbers of adolescent substance use in the United States. Substance use among adolescents can lead to increased risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections, vehicular fatalities, juvenile delinquency, and other problems associated with physical and mental health. Adolescents are particularly susceptible to involvement in substance use due to the underdeveloped state of the adolescent brain, which can lead to reduced decision-making ability and increased long-term effects of drugs and alcohol. Understanding the causes of adolescent substance use is vital for successful prevention and intervention programs.
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Atluri, Sairam. "Assessment of the Trends in Medical Use and Misuse of Opioid Analgesics from 2004 to 2011." Pain Physician 2;17, no. 2;3 (March 14, 2014): E119—E128. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/e119.
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Background: The epidemic of medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics is linked to the economic burden of opioid-related abuse and fatalities in the United States. Multiple studies have estimated the extent to which prescription opioid analgesics contribute to the national drug abuse problem; studies also assessing the trends in medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics have confirmed the relationship between increasing medical use of opioids and increasing fatalities. The available data is limited until 2002.. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of data from 2004 to 2011 from 2 databases: Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for opioid use data and Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) for drug misuse data. Objective: To determine the proportion of drug abuse related to opioid analgesics and the various trends in the medical use and abuse of 8 opioid analgesics commonly used to treat pain: buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, and oxycodone. Methods: The data obtained from DAWN is a nationally representative sample of hospital emergency department admissions resulting from drug abuse. Main outcome measure was the identification of trends in the medical use and misuse of opioid analgesics from 2004 to 2011. Results: From 2004 to 2011, there was an increase in the medical use of all opioids except for a 20% decrease in codeine. The abuse of all opioids including codeine increased during this period. Increases in medical use ranged from 2,318% for buprenorphine to 35% for fentanyl, including 140% for hydromorphone, 117% for oxycodone, 73% for hydrocodone, 64% for morphine, and 37% for methadone. The misuse increased 384% for buprenorphine with available data from 2006 to 2011, whereas from 2004 to 2011, it increased 438% for hydromorphone, 263% for oxycodone, 146% for morphine, 107% for hydrocodone, 104% for fentanyl, 82% for methadone, and 39% for codeine. Comparison of opioid use showed an overall increase of 1,448% from 1996 to 2011, with increases if 690% from 1996 to 2004 and 100% from 2004 to 2011. In contrast, misuse increased more dramatically: 4,680% from 1996 to 2011, with increases of 1,372% from 1996 through 2004 and 245% from 2004 to 2011. The number of patients seeking rehabilitation for substance abuse also increased 187% for opioids, whereas it increased 87% for heroin, 40% for marijuana, and decreased 7% for cocaine. Limitations: Limitations of this assessment include the lack of data from 2003, lack of data available on meperidine, and that the aggregate data systems used in the study did not identify specific formulations or commercial products. Conclusion: The present trend of continued increase in the medical use of opioid analgesics appears to contribute to increases in misuse, resulting in multiple health consequences. Key words: Medical use of opioids, inappropriate use of opioids, abuse of opioids, opioid-related fatalities, Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS), Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)
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Khan, Shazma, Crystal Ike, Jeff Dennis, and Kenneth Nugent. "The prevalence and characteristics of adults with latent tuberculous infection in the United States and the implications for healthcare in Texas." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 9, no. 39 (April 19, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v9i39.847.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 8,916 cases of tuberculosis in 2019. Reducing the number of cases of active tuberculosis requires identification of patients with latent tuberculous infections (LTBI). Optimal screening for LTBI requires information about the demographics and characteristics of people who are more likely to have had tuberculous infection. Information from the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to determine the number and characteristics of adults from a representative sample of the United States who had LTBI. Latent tuberculous infection was identified either by a positive skin test or by a positive QuantiFERON blood test. Information about the number of patients with active tuberculosis in Texas was determined from reports from the Texas State Department of Health Services. The NHANES database for the years 2011-2012 included 5,684 adults. Participants with a positive QuantiFERON blood test were more likely in the age group 45-64, male, foreign born, and have less than a high school education. Participants with a positive skin test had similar characteristics. Participants who had both a positive skin test and positive QuantiFERON test were more likely to be in the age group 45-64, males, foreign born, and Hispanic. In addition, they had diabetes, self-reported fair/poor health, and an educational level less than high school. In the State of Texas tuberculosis occurred more frequently in individuals older than 75 who were male and were not US born Texas residents. Important clinical diagnoses included diabetes, alcohol abuse, correctional facility residence, non-injection drug use, positive HIV status, and homelessness. Information from the NHANES study and from the State Department of Health Services in Texas provides information needed to develop screening programs for latent tuberculosis and active tuberculosis.
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Bilandžić, Nina, Đurđica Božić Luburić, Božica Solomun Kolanović, Ines Varga, and Ivana Varenina. "Kontrola antibiotika u mesu i mesnim proizvodima u Europskoj Uniji." Meso 21, no. 3 (2019): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.21.3.4.
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Today, more than 400 drugs in veterinary medicine are used in three main purposes, in the treatment of microbial infections, infection prevention, and growth promoters in order to achieve a faster animal growth. Residues of medicines in meat and meat products can have a number of negative effects on consumer health, ranging from hypersensitivity to cancerous, mutagenic or teratogenic effects, normal intestinal flora disorders, and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. In the European Union (EU), the largest meat producers are Spain, Italy, Germany, Poland, France and the United Kingdom, which also have the largest drug sales. The largest quantities of drugs sold were found for tetracyclines, penicillins and sulphonamides whose combined sales at EU level in 2015 were 69.6 % and in Croatia 76.7 %. EU members under Council Directive 96/23/EC carry out control of residues of veterinary drugs according to national residue monitoring plans (NRMP) in animals used for food production. Screening and confirmatory methods are used to control of drug residues. Most commonly, liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry is used. Today, priority is the development of effective multimethods that allow simultaneous analysis of residues of different antibiotic families. Every year, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) summarizes the results of the NRMP of the EU Member States in a joint report. The total number of non-compliant antibiotic results in meat samples in 2015 and 2016 was 250 and 195, respectively. The highest number of non-compliant results was found for tetracyclines. A coordinated and comprehensive control of veterinary medicines is established in the EU necessary for a high level of consumer health protection. The system of regulations just as well as analytical methods are constantly being upgraded and developed.
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Johnston, B. Lynn, and John M. Conly. "Re-Examining Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 4 (2001): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/616419.
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In April 2000, the American Thoracic Society published guidelines for targeted tuberculin testing and the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) (1). These guidelines are a joint statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and were endorsed by both the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Similar recommendations were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America in its guidelines for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) (2). These updated guidelines were developed in recognition of the importance of treating LTBI as one component of eliminating TB in the United States - a goal reiterated in 1999 by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (3) - but also realizing the differing risks and benefits of treatment for patients based on their individual risks of developing active disease or drug toxicity (4). The 2000 edition of theCanadian Tuberculosis Standardsprovided similar recommendations for the treatment of LTBI (formerly known as chemoprophylaxis) and reminded us of the two major Canadian TB elimination initiatives: the National Tuberculosis Elimination Strategy (Medical Services Branch, 1992), with the aim of eliminating TB in First Nations people by 2010, and the National Consensus Conference on Tuberculosis (Health Canada, 1997), with an interim goal of a 5% reduction in the number of TB cases each year in Canada (5). Given the recent publication of the American guidelines and the updatedCanadian Tuberculosis Standards(Fifth Edition), it was considered timely to remind readers of the evidence supporting the use of antituberculous chemotherapy in the treatment of latent infection.
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Achar, Suraj, Nikhil Sinha, and William Norcross. "The Adoption and Increased Use of Electronic Prescribing of Controlled Substances." Journal of Medical Regulation 107, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-107.2.8.
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ABSTRACT The electronic prescribing of controlled substances (EPCS) is now becoming implemented in most health care practices and pharmacies in the United States. This review aims to detail the steps needed for EPCS adoption and synthesize the most current literature on the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption. Our systematic review of seven published studies from 1990 to 2020 notes the benefits of EPCS in the reduction of errors, fraud, overprescribing, cost and efficiency improvements. There is limited published evidence of challenges, such as the cost of implementation and prescriber burden. With EPCS becoming a nationwide process, further research needs to be conducted to maximize the effectiveness of EPCS and explore additional benefits and challenges. We used a modified version of the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system for systematic reviews highlighted in the “Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions” to assess the quality of the primary studies reviewed.1 Each author was tasked with determining the quality of each primary study reviewed and assigning a quality score of either high, moderate or low quality. Evidence stemming from randomized controlled trials starts as high quality while evidence from observational studies starts as low quality. Quality can be lowered by five factors: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, and publication bias and can be raised by a large magnitude of effect and a clear dose-response gradient. We extracted data from the text, tables and graphs of the original publications. Appendix A illustrates the quality of the studies. Databases reviewed included PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane and SCOPUS. The search was started in 1990, with the first wave of the opioid epidemic and the first published studies of e-prescribing, and continued to the year of 2020. The key phrases “electronic prescribing of controlled substances,” “e-prescribing of controlled substances,” “fraudulent prescribing of controlled substances,” “EPCS with PDMP,” and “drug interactions with e-prescribing of controlled drugs” were used as an inclusion criterion to search online scholarly databases for articles. Only primary and secondary data from reports, reviews and research studies written in English were included. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), American Academy of Family Medicine (AAFP), and nationally represented health information networks were used to obtain updated statistics regarding EPCS.
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Stearns, M., A. Wilkerson, and K. J. Speed. "0945 Adolescent Sleep Mediates Maternal Depression and Harsh Parenting." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.941.
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Abstract Introduction Mothers dealing with depressive problems often report using more harsh parenting practices. This occurs, in part, due to a scarcity of effective coping mechanisms and increased irritability. In addition, depressed mothers are less likely to set consistent rules and expectations within the home, which may result in children who stay up late. Children who get inadequate levels of sleep also are more likely to have behavior problems, irritability, and defiance toward their parents, particularly in adolescence. However, no studies have examined the potential of adolescent sleep as a contributor to the association between maternal depression and the use of harsh parenting. The current study examined whether mothers’ perceptions of inadequate adolescent sleep duration mediated the relationship between maternal depression and harsh parenting, with child gender as a moderator. Methods The sample (N=318) consisted of mothers reporting on adolescents aged 16-18 (M=16.89, SD = .429; 53.4% female) from the 10th wave of the Schools and Families Educating Children Study (SAFE). The SAFE study was a randomized control trial conducted from 1997-2008 designed to investigate children and families living in inner-city Chicago, Il. Measures included the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and the Parenting Practices Questionnaire (PPQ). Results Too little adolescent sleep mediated (β = .15) the relation between maternal depression and her reported use of harsh parenting. Mediation was further moderated by child gender, such that the mediation occurred for sons (β = .12) but not daughters. Conclusion These results suggest that too little adolescent sleep is the process through which mothers experiencing depressive problems engage in more harsh parenting. In addition, important child gender differences were apparent, such that sons’ lack of sleep may be more related to maternal depression and the use of harsh discipline. Support United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Drug Abuse (5 R01 DA020829)
Books on the topic "United States. National Council on Drug Abuse Control"
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Williams, Heather G. National drug control strategy. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.
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Turner, Benjamin F. U.S. national drug control strategy. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy. Office of National Drug Control Policy. [Washington, DC]: Executive Office of the President, 1991.
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Policy, United States Office of National Drug Control. Office of National Drug Control Policy. [Washington, DC]: Executive Office of the President, 1995.
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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy. Office of National Drug Control Policy. [Washington, DC]: Executive Office of the President, 1995.
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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy. Office of National Drug Control Policy. [Washington, DC]: Executive Office of the President, 1995.
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The national drug control strategy for 2005 and the national drug control budget for fiscal year 2006: First report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.
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Reform, United States Congress House Committee on Government. The national drug control strategy for 2005 and the national drug control budget for fiscal year 2006: First report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. The national drug control strategy for 2005 and the national drug control budget for fiscal year 2006: First report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.
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United States. General Accounting Office. General Government Division. PricewaterhouseCoopers' review of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "United States. National Council on Drug Abuse Control"
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Hoge, Michael A., Gail W. Stuart, John A. Morris, Leighton Y. Huey, Michal T. Flaherty, and Manuel Paris Jr. "Behavioral Health Workforce Development in the United States." In Substance Abuse and Addiction, 433–55. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7666-2.ch023.
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Mental health and substance use conditions are among the most prominent causes of illness and disability in the U.S. Yet less than half of the individuals with these conditions receive treatment (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2011; Office of National Drug Control Policy [ONDCP], 2013). While there are many impediments to accessing care, the absence of a workforce that is of sufficient size and adequately trained is a significant factor (Olfson, 2016). This chapter provides an overview of the U.S. behavioral health workforce and describes seven strategic areas in which activity has been undertaken to strengthen it. The initiatives of the Annapolis Coalition on the Behavioral Health Workforce are presented to highlight these strategic areas, which include assessment and planning; competency identification and development; roles for persons in recovery and family members; integrated care and interprofessional collaboration; workforce development in substance use; diversity and cultural competency; and knowledge dissemination and adoption of best practices.
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Winter, Jerrold. "Pharmacological Puritanism and the War on Drugs: All the King’s Horses and All the King’s Men . . ." In Our Love Affair with Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051464.003.0013.
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H. L. Mencken, arguably the leading satirist of the 20th century, said that American puritanism is characterized by the haunting fear that someone, somewhere, may be happy. If the source of that happiness is a drug, we might call it pharmacological puritanism. Followers of that faith abound, but I will mention just few. “There’s no such thing as recreational drug use” were the words of William Weld, head of the criminal division of the Attorney General’s office in 1988. A year later, in the midst of a cocaine epidemic, William Bennett, the first director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) under President George H. W. Bush, expressed dual goals. The first was to construct 95,000 more federal prison cells for drug abusers and the second to make Washington, D.C., a drug-free city. He believed that calls for legalization of any psychoactive drug to be “morally scandalous.” John Walters, director of the ONDCP during George W. Bush’s tenure as president, believed that religion is the answer to drug abuse. Lest we think that pharmacological puritanism is a dying faith, we need only recall Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ comment in 2016 that “Good people don’t smoke marijuana.” It does make me wonder where, on the good–bad spectrum, lie the tens of millions of Americans who live in states and in the District of Columbia where marijuana is legal for recreational use. Among the general population, pharmacological puritanism appears to be uncommon. A survey of American college students found that the prime motives for drug use were to help with concentration, to increase alertness, and to get high. From the United Kingdom, David Nutt, chairman of the Department of Neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London, put it this way: “Drugs are taken for pleasure.” Whatever their numbers today or in the past, it is believers in pharmacological puritanism, with the absolutism which accompanies that faith, who are major contributors to the failure of our most recent war on drugs, now nearly a half-century old.