Relevant bibliographies by topics / United States. Office of Independent Counsel

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Academic literature on the topic 'United States. Office of Independent Counsel'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "United States. Office of Independent Counsel"

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Zangeneh, Parisa. "‘The Gloves Came Off’: Torture and the United States after September 11, 2001." International Human Rights Law Review 2, no. 1 (2013): 82–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00201003.

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This article examines the use of ‘enhanced interrogation techniques’ in the context of international legal obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984 (CAT) and the domestic implementation of the international prohibition of torture into United States (US) law under 18 United States Code Sections 2340-2340A. The legal basis for the interrogation programme was a series of contentious legal memoranda written by Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel lawyers.1 This article examines whether the memo drafters ought to be investigated for incurring criminal liability for the consequences of their memoranda, namely under CAT and Sections 2340-2340A and what has unfolded under President Obama’s administration.
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Mann, Kenneth. "Miscarriage of Justice and the Right to Representation." Israel Law Review 31, no. 1-3 (1997): 612–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015429.

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In modern criminal procedure it is generally held that reliability of results and basic fairness in criminal trials require that a defendant have legal counsel. Prevention of miscarriage of justice is tied closely, in the minds of policy makers and judges, with vigorous representation by competent counsel. As against these presuppositions how should one understand a modern system of criminal procedure, such as that in Israel, that does not have a broad right of representation for suspects or defendants in criminal cases?It is by now axiomatic in England and the United States that nearly all defendants in criminal cases have a right to representation. This right encompasses not just the opportunity to bring one's privately retained counsel to court, but also an irrebuttable claim by indigents to have the counsel's bill paid by the state or other public entity. The right to counsel is a broad right, entailing a principle of equality in which representation by counsel is independent of the defendant's ability to pay. In Israel, in contrast, the right to representation in criminal cases is significantly narrower.
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Yang, Tseming. "The Emerging Practice of Global Environmental Law." Transnational Environmental Law 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2012): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102511000069.

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AbstractSince the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, ecological pressures on our planet have grown more acute. Yet, modern environmental law has also continued to evolve and spread within international as well as among national legal systems. With the paths of international and national environmental law becoming increasingly intertwined over the years, international environmental legal norms and principles are now penetrating deeper into national legal systems, and environmental treaties are increasingly incorporating or referencing national legal norms and practices. The shifting legal landscape is also changing contemporary environmental law practice, creating greater needs for domestic environmental lawyers to be informed by international law and vice versa. This essay describes how domestic environmental law practice is increasingly informed by international legal norms, while the effective practice of international environmental law more and more requires enhanced awareness, and even understanding, of national environmental regulatory and governance systems. It illustrates these trends with the historical role and work of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of General Counsel.
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Loescher, Gil. "The UNHCR and World Politics: State Interests vs. Institutional Autonomy." International Migration Review 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00003.x.

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This article situates the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) within the context of world politics. States remain the predominant actors in the international political system. But this does not mean that international organizations like the UNHCR are completely without power or influence. Tracing the evolution of the agency over the past half century, this article argues that while the UNHCR has been constrained by states, the notion that it is a passive mechanism with no independent agenda of its own is not borne out by the empirical evidence of the past 50 years. Rather UNHCR policy and practice have been driven both by state interests and by the office acting independently or evolving in ways not expected nor necessarily sanctioned by states.
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Johnson, Tricia J., Jaymie S. Youngquist, Andy N. Garman, Samuel Hohmann, and Paola R. Cieslak. "Factors influencing medical travel into the United States." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-02-2013-0004.

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Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the potential of 24 country-level measures for predicting the number of outbound international medical travelers into the USA, including health and healthcare system, economic, social and diplomatic and travel pattern factors. Medical travel is recognized as a growing global market and is an important subject of inquiry for US academic medical centers, hospitals and policy makers. Few data-driven studies exist to shed light on efficient and effective strategies for attracting international medical travelers. Design/methodology/approach – This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 194 member and/or observer countries of the United Nations. Data for medical traveler volume into the USA between 2008 and 2010 were obtained from the USA Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, Survey of International Air Travelers. Data on country-level factors were collected from publicly available databases, including the United Nations, World Bank and World Health Organization. Linear regression models with a negative binomial distribution and log link function were fit to test the association between each independent variable and the number of inbound medical travelers to the USA. Findings – Seven of the 24 country-level factors were significantly associated with the number of outbound medical travelers to the USA These factors included imports as a per cent of gross domestic product, trade in services as a per cent of gross domestic product, per cent of population living in urban areas, life expectancy, childhood mortality, incidence of tuberculosis and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. Practical implications – Results of this model provide evidence for a data-driven approach to strategic outreach and business development for hospitals and policy makers for attracting international patients to the USA for medical care. Originality/value – The model developed in this paper can assist US hospitals in promoting their services to international patients as well as national efforts in identifying “high potential” medical travel markets. Other countries could also adapt this methodology for targeting the international patient market.
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Braaten, Claire Nolasco, and Daniel Braaten. "Suffer the Little Children to Come: The Legal Rights of Unaccompanied Alien Children under United States Federal Court Jurisprudence." International Journal of Refugee Law 31, no. 1 (March 2019): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eez017.

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Abstract This article analyses United States (US) federal court jurisprudence to determine the legal rights of unaccompanied alien children (UAC) in various stages of immigration enforcement proceedings. After briefly discussing statistics on UAC in the US, it explains the legal context of US laws governing unaccompanied minors. Through examining 40 cases decided by the 12 US Circuit Courts of Appeals and various federal district courts, the article specifies how these courts interpreted and expanded on the procedural legal rights of UAC upon apprehension by immigration officials, during placement or detention decisions of the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), prior to voluntary departure, during asylum proceedings, when rearrested after release, and while released pending immigration proceedings. According to the US federal courts, the government must grant unaccompanied minors procedural due process if it denies their release to the custody of an available and willing legal custodian. Case law examining the rights of UAC prior to voluntary departure emphasizes the need to grant them the opportunity to consult with a responsible adult, including a lawyer from a free legal services list that should be provided to them. Federal courts have also tackled various procedural issues concerning asylum claims filed by UAC. These include the right of third parties to custody of the unaccompanied minor, the minority age at the time of the asylum application, and the right of UAC to request consent for a state juvenile court’s jurisdiction prior to applying for Special Immigrant Juvenile status. In removal proceedings against UAC, federal courts have elaborated on the scope and meaning of the right to counsel and the right to a bond rehearing upon their rearrest because of allegations of gang membership. Finally, federal courts have also examined issues concerning the rights of UAC while detained in ORR facilities and while in US territory. These include the right of an unaccompanied alien child to terminate a pregnancy while in ORR custody and the right not to be subjected to physical and sexual abuse while placed in a detention facility.
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رشيد, م. د. صدام عبد الستار. "Independent government agencies in Iraq / Integrity Commission a model." مجلة العلوم السياسية, no. 52 (February 20, 2019): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i52.74.

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The state did not witness the emergence of independent bodies because of the nature of the ruling regimes that were characterized by political tyranny represented by the king at the time, as is the case with Greece and the Greeks and Persia and the Romans and others. As for the Islamic state, which emerged later, it saw the emergence of what looks like independent bodies that we see today, There was the so-called Diwan Al-Hesba and the Ombudsman's Office as an independent body from the Islamic State, which operated independently to support the oppressed and the equitable distribution of financial resources, even though it was headed by well-known governors of justice and honesty. A state in the modern era, many countries, especially in Europe, have seen the emergence of independent bodies in them and have become models to be emulated in many countries of the world as in France, the United States and Britain.
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Nishizaki, Sumiyo. "The United Arab Emirates and Japan: Diversifying Bilateral Relationships and Challenges in the Context of Japan’s New Foreign Policy Focus and US-Japan Relation." Comparative Islamic Studies 7, no. 1-2 (September 20, 2012): 269–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cis.v7i1-2.269.

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In this article, I analyze the Japan-Middle East-U.S. triangle relationship. Japan’s Middle East policies, the author contends, have been influenced by its energy needs and relationship with the United States. Fully aware of its status as a country with hardly any energy resources, Japan has engaged in energy diplomacy and investment in oil fields in the Middle East. This article describes how, despite pursuing an energy strategy largely independent of the United States, Japan has constantly needed to take into account its relationship with the Americans, and Japan has slowly shifted toward more frequent support for American policy especially after the Gulf War in 1990. At the same time, Japan’s Middle East policies have been influenced by its domestic politics. For example, former Prime Minister Koizumi’s post-September 11 plan to let Japan’s military forces play a more prominent role in the War on Terror was crushed by his Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). This article explains that LDP politicians were afraid that supporting the war would undermine Japan’s economic interests in the Muslim world and how the Democratic Party of Japan which took office this September has attempted to pursue a more independent position in its relations with the United States. This article also explores the shifts in Japan’s Middle East policies under the new administration and their implications on US-Japan relations.
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Fortin-Camacho, Cielo. "Red-Handed Without a Defense." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 3, no. 2 (March 2016): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v3.i2.1.

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Lawful marijuana tenants (“LMT”), or tenants who lease property for the purpose of operating a marijuana-related business in compliance with the applicable marijuana provisions of their state, are demanding property and offering big bucks—leaving property owners in a precarious situation. This Article discusses the problem faced by property owners wishing to lease premises to growers, processors, and sellers of marijuana in states that have adopted marijuana provisions and established regulatory frameworks. In these states, marijuana provisions do not alter the respective state’s landlord-tenant statutes, despite the various property-related requirements marijuana businesses must adhere to for licensure to operate. Licensing requirements in states with regulatory frameworks in place have lured marijuana-related businesses from the shadows, leaving property owners unable to meet the requirements of any statutory or common law defense to civil forfeiture. Part II of this Article discusses the history of civil forfeiture, focusing on the origin of the guilty property model and its introduction to America. Part III will introduce modern civil forfeiture statutes, their legislative history, and rationalize the government’s use of civil proceedings over criminal proceedings before explaining the forfeiture process. Part IV briefly narrates marijuana’s long history of legality in the United States before discussing its controlling federal statutes. Part V of this Article reveals the possible consequences of leasing property to marijuana-related businesses; the focus then turns to the unavailability of suitable defenses for real property owners who lease to LMTs. Part VI briefly describes the inadequacies of boilerplate provisions currently in standard lease agreements and suggests respective lease modifications property owners should be prepared to discuss with counsel and negotiate with prospective LMTs. Lastly, this Article concludes by reminding property owners that despite marijuana prohibition’s significant progress over the last few years, it could all be undone when the next president takes office in 2017.
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Brinks, Jenna, Amy Fowler, Barry A. Franklin, and Jassu Dulai. "Lifestyle Modification in Secondary Prevention." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616651402.

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Despite significant advances in medical technology and pharmacology, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major contributor to health care expenses and the leading cause of death in the United States. Patients with established CVD and their health care providers are challenged with achieving cardiovascular risk reduction to decrease the likelihood of recurrent cardiovascular events. This “secondary prevention” can be achieved, in part, through adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapies that favorably modify major coronary risk factors (ie, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity). However, lifestyle modification can also be helpful in this regard, providing independent and additive benefits to the associated reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, physicians and other health care providers should routinely counsel their coronary patients to engage in structured exercise and increased lifestyle physical activity, consume a heart-healthy diet, quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke, and purposefully address psychosocial stressors that may elevate cardiovascular risk. These lifestyle interventions, either as an adjunct to medication therapy or independently in those patients where medications may be poorly tolerated, cost prohibitive, or ineffective, can significantly decrease cardiovascular mortality and the risk of recurrent cardiac events.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States. Office of Independent Counsel"

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Hung, Yisin, and 洪一心. "Analysis on the Office of the Independent Council of the United States." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53398877835192022706.

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Books on the topic "United States. Office of Independent Counsel"

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsel. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsels. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsels: Expenditures for independent counsels Fiske and Starr. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsel: Advisory and assistance services procured by the Office of the Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Division, United States General Accounting Office Accounting and Information Management. Independent counsel: Advisory and assistance services procured by the Office of the Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsel: Expenditure and other information for the Office of Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr/Robert W. Ray. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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1955-, Brickman Danette, ed. Independent counsel: The law and the investigations. Washington, D.C: CQ Press, 2001.

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Kann, Curtis Emery Von. Final report of the independent counsel in Re: Eli J. Segal. Washington, D.C: United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Division for the Purpose of Appointing Independent Counsels, Division No. 96-1, 1997.

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Division, United States General Accounting Office Accounting and Information Management. Independent counsels: GAO audit responsibilities after OIC termination. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Independent counsels: GAO audit responsibilities after OIC termination. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States. Office of Independent Counsel"

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Leuprecht, Christian. "Australia." In Intelligence as Democratic Statecraft, 135–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893949.003.0006.

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Intelligence accountability in Australia balances compliance and bodies whose systematic focus is on efficacy and financial review with independent intelligence reviews, commissions, and inquiries that focus on efficacy. Australia differs insofar as it is not subject to a constitutionally or supranationally enshrined civil right regime. A diversity of mechanisms, ranging from parliamentary committees and executive bodies to periodic independent reviews, fashion an oversight system that drives innovation. From the three Royal Hope Commissions to regular inquiries into the National Intelligence Community, Australia’s independent in-depth periodic reviews, inquiries, and commissions have a track-record of shaping and spurring change and innovation in the scope and structure of accountability across its broader intelligence and security community. The Australian tradition of independent expert intelligence reviews, commissions, and inquiries offsets the lack of accountability bodies dedicated to reviewing for efficacy and innovation. The chapter reviews the member organizations of the Australia’s National Intelligence Community, the strategic environment that has informed intelligence and accountability in Australia, national security threats as seen by Australia, as well as Australia’s systematic approach to reviewing and innovating its intelligence accountability architecture. It consists of the Inspector General of Intelligence and Security, the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, and the Independent National Security Law Monitor. Although similar to the United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the United Kingdom’s Joint Intelligence Organization, Australia’s Office of National Intelligence is quite unique insofar as neither the US and UK equivalents nor comparable offices in Canada and the New Zealand have an analogous accountability function. These mechanisms balance existing independent review mechanisms with mandates to review legislation and compliance, propriety, administration.
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Stern, Eric K., Brad Kieserman, Torkel Schlegel, Per-Åke Mårtensson, and Ella Carlberg. "Legal Advice in Crisis Training for Government Lawyers." In Crisis Lawyering, 290–308. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479801701.003.0014.

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This chapter describes a pioneering effort: an academic-practitioner partnership between the Office of Chief Counsel of the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and a multidisciplinary team of university-based experts to develop usable, trainable knowledge and skills designed to improve the ability and performance of government lawyers under highly challenging conditions. The methodology and results—training designs and good practice models—of the FEMA Legal Advice in Crisis project are summarized. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the question of whether challenges and good practices for crisis lawyering identified through empirical research focusing on US government leaders and lawyers are unique to the United States or whether they also apply to a significant extent to other highly developed countries as well such as Sweden. The results of an ongoing parallel initiative linking the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), the Swedish Defense University, and a growing network of government lawyers serving both Swedish central government agencies and county boards demonstrate the potential relevance of “localized” versions of the Legal Advice in Crisis framework and instructional design in non-US settings as well.
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Mayeux, Sara. "Introduction." In Free Justice, 1–23. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661650.003.0001.

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Today, thousands of public defenders around the United States represent indigent defendants in criminal proceedings. At a moment of widespread concern about mass incarceration and racial and class inequality, public defenders are seen both as participants in, and adversaries of, the carceral state. The introduction to this book provides an overview of how public defenders became so widespread in American courtrooms. At the turn of the twentieth century, many elite lawyers expressed skepticism about the public defender. They posited that the legal profession should remain independent from the state as much as possible, and that indigent defense was better handled by private charity. They established voluntary defender organizations. But by the 1960s, prevailing views had changed. Many elite lawyers now endorsed the public defender, especially after the Supreme Court decided the landmark case of Gideon v. Wainwright, which expanded the Sixth Amendment right to counsel. The book argues that these developments can be explained by shifts in liberalism and how lawyers conceived of the profession’s place within liberal democracy.
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Radvanovský, Zdeněk. "The Transfer of Czechoslovakia’s Germans and its Impact in the Border Region after the Second World War." In Czechoslovakia in a Nationalist and Fascist Europe, 1918–1948. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0013.

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When World War II broke out, Britain's Foreign Office set up a number of brains trusts which, in co-operation with the east European exile governments, proceeded to formulate plans for reordering central and south-eastern Europe. The planning intensified after the Soviet Union and the United States entered the war. Already the basic consensus was that those states to be reconstituted after Nazi Germany's defeat should have no national minorities — certainly no German minorities — and that this solution could be achieved through a massive transfer of inhabitants. Most political parties in Slovakia demanded autonomy for their country and the formation of an independent Slovak government. In Czechoslovakia's border regions in the early post-war months, there was something of a vacuum when it came to settling the fate of the Germans. Alongside the expulsion of the Germans, far less attention was paid in the Allied states to a concomitant development: the resettlement of the border region with a Czech or Slovak population.
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Bauder, Harald. "Introduction." In Labor Movement. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195180879.003.0005.

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Imagine, if you will, that, on the same day, all migrants and immigrants decide to return to their countries of origin. The Filipina nanny would pack her bags and leave the family in Singapore whose children she has been raising. The suburban couple in San Diego would be without their Mexican gardener who worked for less than five dollars an hour. Italian farmers would find the fruit rotting on their trees because their cheap migrant workers left the orchard. New York’s manufacturing sector would collapse because a large portion of the workforce is absent. Worse, Wall Street would be closed because cleaners, security guards, office staff, and taxi drivers are unavailable. Many sectors of the economy in industrialized countries would come to an immediate standstill. The rest of the economy would follow within days, if not hours. Although not your typical doomsday scenario, this hypothetical example illustrates that our economy depends on the labor of often “invisible” international migrants. Labor Movement pursues the idea that the international movement of people lies at the heart of regulating today’s economies, or more precisely, labor markets. “If you build it, they will come,” the saying goes. Industrialized countries have built powerful economies that depend on a disciplined labor force. They have become a magnet for international migrants willing to satisfy this demand for labor. However, the stream of migration to the industrialized world is relatively unaffected by cyclical fluctuations in national labor markets. In the United States, for example, immigration streams steadily persist, independent of the condition of the economy and whether labor is in general demand or not (Camarota 2003). Despite increasing evidence of the autonomy of immigration flows relative to market conditions, the view that economic processes produce international migration continues to dominate public and academic debate. Critics, however, have questioned whether migration is indeed as market-driven as the dominating narrative suggests. Michael Piore (1979: 8), for example, states, “Income is not the critical analytical variable” in explaining international migration patterns. A less common view turns the conventional relationship between economic processes and migration on its head.
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Conference papers on the topic "United States. Office of Independent Counsel"

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Laird, Alastair. "Delivering Value for Money: Trust and Verify?" In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59253.

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Accurate estimates for national Environmental Management remediation work programs are an essential ingredient of ensuring that plans can be adequately funded. They also form the basis of value measurement as the work is executed on an annual or program basis. However, the inherent uncertainties of many of the Environmental Management (EM) and decommissioning tasks, both in terms of the technical challenges faced, options available, end states to be achieved; and the general risks and uncertainties associated with the hazard and its characterisation means that many estimates were always going to have very high levels of uncertainty. In 2002 the United Kingdom Nuclear Liabilities Estimate was quoted as £48Bn when the government restructured the UK civil nuclear industry and set out the basis for forming what was to become the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). By 2005 the NDA had assessed the costs as £56Bn but by 2008 the costs had significantly increased to £73Bn and continue to rise. How does this relate to the more immediate challenges of ‘working off’ the plan and demonstrating Value for Money can be achieved in the near term? In parallel the US Department of Energy Environmental Management Office introduced its ‘Best in Class’ initiative in 2007 — the intention being to tackle underperformance and drive improvements in the baselines and the contractor delivery programs. This paper compares and contrasts UK and US EM program performance issues and covers several interdependent topic areas including: a) Government funding impacts, b) Contractor program estimates, c) Program Controls requirements, and d) Independent assurance requirements. This paper attempts to answer the question “how can governments demonstrate Value for Money in EM”.
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