Journal articles: 'United States. Patent Office. Library'

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Harwell, Kevin R. "United States Patent and Trademark Office." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 8, no. 1 (February 2002): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j109v08n01_05.

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Myers, Jane. "‘A survey of missing patents at the United States Patent Office’ 1993." World Patent Information 16, no. 1 (March 1994): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(94)90191-0.

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Park, Jinseok. "Has Patentable Subject Matter Been Expanded? -A Comparative Study on Software Patent Practices in the European Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Japanese Patent Office." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 13, no. 3 (2005): 336–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eai019.

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Bernholz, Charles D., Linda G. Novotny, and Ana L. Gomez. "American Indians and the United States patent and trademark office: The Native American Tribal Insignia database." Government Information Quarterly 26, no. 1 (January 2009): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.04.003.

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Kazenske, Edward R. "The future of prior art searching at the United States patent and trademark office." World Patent Information 25, no. 4 (December 2003): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2003.07.001.

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Wada, Tetsuo. "When do the USPTO examiners cite as the EPO examiners? An analysis of examination spillovers through rejection citations at the international family-to-family level." Scientometrics 125, no. 2 (September 14, 2020): 1591–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03674-4.

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AbstractThis paper empirically examines coincidences between “rejection citations” (i.e., those cited as grounds for rejections) added by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and “X/Y patent citations,” which are also added as grounds for rejections at the European Patent Office (EPO) within the same patent family, based on more than forty thousand families of triadic application sample. We consider the release timing of European search reports and the timing of rejection actions by the USPTO for the same family of patent applications. We find that the frequency of rejection (X/Y-equivalent) citation coincidences between the USPTO and the EPO according to family-to-family citation criteria increases after the release of search reports by the EPO. It suggests that the US examiners capture spillovers of search efforts from the EPO, namely, the USPTO examiners rely on prior art information collected and disclosed by the EPO. The results also reveal that International Search Reports (ISRs) prepared for Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT) applications, as well as applicant-submitted citations, play important roles for the convergence of rejection citations between the two patent offices. We furthermore find that the US examiners are less likely to add the same patent citations as the EPO examiners when rejections are persistently repeated at the USPTO. The methodology in this paper introduces the novel use of patent examiner citations to compare examiners’ citing behavior across jurisdictions.

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REIS, José Maciel Caldas dos, Maurício Fortuna PINHEIRO, André Takashi OTI, Denilson José Silva FEITOSA-JUNIOR, Mauro de Souza PANTOJA, and Rui Sérgio Monteiro BARROS. "TECHNOLOGICAL INFORMATION REGARDING PREBIOTICS AND PROBIOTICS NUTRITION VERSUS THE PATENT REGISTERS: WHAT IS NEW?" ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 29, no. 4 (December 2016): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600040016.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Food is a key factor both in prevention and in promoting human health. Among the functional food are highlighted probiotics and prebiotics. Patent databases are the main source of technological information about innovation worldwide, providing extensive library for research sector. Objective: Perform mapping in the main patent databases about pre and probiotics, seeking relevant information regarding the use of biotechnology, nanotechnology and genetic engineering in the production of these foods. Method: Electronic consultation was conducted (online) in the main public databases of patents in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO) and the European Patent Bank (EPO). The research involved the period from January 2014 to July 2015, being used in the title fields and summary of patents, the following descriptors in INPI "prebiotic", "prebiotic" "probiotics", "probiotic" and the USPTO and EPO: "prebiotic", "prebiotics", "probiotic", "probiotics". Results: This search haven't found any deposit at the brazilian patents website (INPI) in this period; US Patent &Trademark Office had registered 60 titles in patents and the European Patent Office (EPO) showed 10 documents on the issue. Conclusion: Information technology offered by genetic engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology deposited in the form of titles and abstracts of patents in relation to early nutritional intervention as functional foods, has increasingly required to decrease the risks and control the progression of health problems. But, the existing summaries, although attractive and promising in this sense, are still incipient to recommend them safely as a therapeutic tool. Therefore, they should be seen more as diet elements and healthy lifestyles.

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Soares, Iraíldo Francisco, Michele Alves de Lima, Luan Ícaro Freitas Pinto, Daniel Rocha Cardoso, and Robson Alves da Silva. "Technological and scientific prospecting of sugar cane bagasse flour (saccharum officinarum l.)." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (May 23, 2020): e503974385. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4385.

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Sugar cane bagasse flour (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a promising product and has great market potential with application in human food. With the help of technological and scientific prospecting, it is possible to guide and cover the view on research about the use of this material in the area of food science. With that, the objective was to investigate the existence of the development of sugarcane bagasse flour in technological and scientific databases. The patent bases analyzed were the National Institute of Industrial Property (NIIP), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Espacenet Patent Search database. The scientific platforms analyzed were Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Pubmed and Portal Periódicos Capes (Brazil). Brazil has made progress in intellectual production on patent bases, however, no technological and / or scientific record has been identified regarding the use of flour for human consumption in the analyzed period. From this, it is necessary, then, to carry out research on the food potential of this flour, mainly in Brazil, since the country is considered the largest producer of sugarcane, having a vast material to be explored, developing functionality in the development of new products and increasing intellectual property in the area.

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Tavakolizadeh-Ravari, Mohammad, Faramarz Soheili, Fatemeh Makkizadeh, and Fatemeh Akrami. "A study on first citations of patents through a combination of Bradford’s distribution, Cox regression and life tables method." Journal of Information Science 46, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551519845848.

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The current research employs two survival analysis methods: Cox regression and life tables. The first determines the effect of inventor, assignee and country for receiving the first citation by patents. Life tables concern the time-lag between the dates of granting and receiving the first citation by patents. Bradford’s method is also established as a technique for categorization of patents, inventors, assignees and countries as a prerequisite for survival analysis. The research materials consist of 2837 patents in the area of ‘purification, separation, or recovery of hydrocarbon components’ which were classified under the classes 585/800 and 585/868 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The findings showed that Bradford’s method complies with the distribution of citations of patents, first inventors and assignees. It means that Bradford’s distribution is well suited for determination of key patents, inventors and assignees in an area too. Cox regression revealed that only the inventors’ variable decides for receiving the first citation in terms of frequency, degrees of their inventions and citations. Life table data revealed that one half of the first citations were received in the first 10 years. As a conclusion, survival analysis methods provide the possibility for deciding technology lifetime and for predicting the determinants for the flow of knowledge through citation analysis.

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Han, Hongqi, Yongsheng Yu, Lijun Wang, Xiaorui Zhai, Yaxin Ran, and Jingpeng Han. "Disambiguating USPTO inventor names with semantic fingerprinting and DBSCAN clustering." Electronic Library 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-12-2018-0232.

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PurposeThe aim of this study is to present a novel approach based on semantic fingerprinting and a clustering algorithm called density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), which can be used to convert investor records into 128-bit semantic fingerprints. Inventor disambiguation is a method used to discover a unique set of underlying inventors and map a set of patents to their corresponding inventors. Resolving the ambiguities between inventors is necessary to improve the quality of the patent database and to ensure accurate entity-level analysis. Most existing methods are based on machine learning and, while they often show good performance, this comes at the cost of time, computational power and storage space.Design/methodology/approachUsing DBSCAN, the meta and textual data in inventor records are converted into 128-bit semantic fingerprints. However, rather than using a string comparison or cosine similarity to calculate the distance between pair-wise fingerprint records, a binary number comparison function was used in DBSCAN. DBSCAN then clusters the inventor records based on this distance to disambiguate inventor names.FindingsExperiments conducted on the PatentsView campaign database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office show that this method disambiguates inventor names with recall greater than 99 per cent in less time and with substantially smaller storage requirement.Research limitations/implicationsA better semantic fingerprint algorithm and a better distance function may improve precision. Setting of different clustering parameters for each block or other clustering algorithms will be considered to improve the accuracy of the disambiguation results even further.Originality/valueCompared with the existing methods, the proposed method does not rely on feature selection and complex feature comparison computation. Most importantly, running time and storage requirements are drastically reduced.

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Heilig, Morton L. "United States Patent Office." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 28, no. 2 (May 1994): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/178951.178972.

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Brown, ]William H. "Trends in patent renewals at the United States patent and trademark office." World Patent Information 17, no. 4 (December 1995): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(95)00043-7.

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Jenda, Claudine Arnold. "Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries and the United States Patent and Trademark Office." Resource Sharing & Information Networks 18, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2005): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j121v18n01_14.

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Myers, Jane S. "The United States patent and trademark office internet home pages." World Patent Information 19 (January 1997): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0172-2190(97)82780-9.

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Silverman, Arnold B. "United states patent and trademark office interviews—kill or cure?" JOM 55, no. 12 (December 2003): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0017-y.

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Radack, David V. "Using the United States patent office website as a research resource." JOM 54, no. 3 (March 2002): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02822626.

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Marchant, R. J. "Computerisation of the United Kingdom Patent Office." World Patent Information 8, no. 3 (January 1986): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(86)90024-4.

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Kamali, Esmaeel. "Um estudo comparativo da determinação de requisitos de etapas inventivas no Irã e nos EUA." Revista do Curso de Direito do UNIFOR 11, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24862/rcdu.v11i2.1261.

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Assessment of the Inventive Step Requirement is one of the most sensitive and difficult stages in statutory invention registration. Different requirements are taken into consideration in determining if this requirement is satisfied. Such requirements are divided to two categories – primary and secondary− per the Patent Law practiced by United States Patent and Trademark Office. The studies show that the mentioned assessments are easier in US compared to European countries for in those countries the precision and solidarity in practicing the inventive step requirement is more compared to US. In Iran, contrary to the mentioned cases, the assessment is not done in the Patent Office by the experts but rather by the verification the office conducts from the Universities and Science and Technology Parks of the country wherein, due to lack of knowledge about the Patent Law, the assessment is not done precisely; an issue which can accentuate the outlook appertaining to oneness of innovation and inventive step in the process of assessment. The present paper attempts at studying the patent law in Iran and US in order to put forward the criteria which is practices in assessing the ‘inventive step’ in the Iran Intellectual Property Office (Patent Subdivision) and United States Patent and Trademark Office.

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Gewehr, Wesley H. "The information dissemination policy of the United States patent and trademark office." World Patent Information 18, no. 2 (June 1996): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(96)00002-6.

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Yao, Cong, Craig Countryman, and J. Peter Fasse. "Patent Eligibility of Nature-Based Products: Current View of the United States Patent & Trademark Office." Industrial Biotechnology 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2015.1504.

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Wherry, Timothy Lee. "A survey of missing patents at the United States patent and trademark office." World Patent Information 15, no. 3 (September 1993): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0172-2190(93)90005-h.

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Silverman, Arnold B. "Duty to disclose prior art to the United States patent and trademark office." JOM 55, no. 10 (October 2003): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-003-0181-0.

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Brunk, G. G., and G. Demack. "Short-run trends in united states patent activity." Scientometrics 12, no. 1-2 (July 1987): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02016693.

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Winterfeldt, Brian J., and David Winner Rome. "Trade mark-related developments in the United States Patent and Trademark Office: 2016–17." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 12, no. 12 (September 7, 2017): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx140.

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Teska, Kirk. "Patent Watch: Who's on first?" Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 02 (February 1, 2012): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-feb-3.

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This article highlights the significance of being first in a patent system. In a first-to-file patent system, the inventor who files the first patent application wins the patent. All countries except the United States, until now, have first-to-file systems. The United States has been a first-to-invent country. That means, if two or more inventors apply to patent a similar idea, the inventor who can establish that he worked out the idea first will win the patent even if another inventor has filed a patent application first. Who was first to invent the idea can be decided by using a quasi-judicial procedure convened at the Patent Office called an “interference.” During an interference, first to invent means looking at both inventors’ invention conception dates and how and when they each reduced their inventions to practice. Lawyers are hired, invention notebooks are reviewed, and after a lot of time and money are spent, a winner is declared by a patent examiner.

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Wilson, Mark B., and Daniel Alge. "Patent Opposition Considerations for the Technology Transfer Professional." Industry and Higher Education 21, no. 2 (April 2007): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007780681067.

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Many jurisdictions, including the European Patent Office (EPO), have opposition proceedings in which an interested third party can challenge the validity of the claims of an issued patent. The United States Congress is considering legislation that would introduce opposition proceedings in the USA. This paper reviews the existing EPO and proposed US opposition procedures and provides practical suggestions for dealing with oppositions.

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Holcombe, Suzanne L. "United States Patent and Trademark Office2008314United States Patent and Trademark Office. Alexandria, VA: USPTO, an Agency of the United States Department of Commerce Last visited March 2008. Gratis URL: www.uspto.gov/." Reference Reviews 22, no. 7 (September 19, 2008): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120810905222.

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Gibson, Stan, and Jessica Newman. "What Happens When AI Invents: Is the Invention Patentable?" AI Magazine 41, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v41i4.7374.

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In a decision published on April 27, 2020, the United States Patent and Trademark Office determined that only a human can be considered an inventor. So, who owns the patent when artificial intelligence makes the invention? What are the practical and logistical complications inherent in artificial intelligence-created inventions? With technology advancing faster than the legal system, what can we expect moving forward?

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ALDIERI, LUIGI, and CONCETTO PAOLO VINCI. "TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS THROUGH A PATENT CITATION ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 02 (February 2016): 1650028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919616500286.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse the pattern of knowledge flows as evidenced by the patent citations in three economic areas: USA, Japan and Europe. In each economic area, we exploit information from two international patent offices data, the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) data and the European Patent Office (EPO) data. In this way, we can investigate the link between the technological proximity and knowledge spillovers for 240 international firms. In particular, the contribution to the existing literature is twofold: First, we use an international sample so that we can compare the empirical results among different economic markets; second, we explore the robustness of results with respect to patent system features. In order to compute the technological proximity, we consider both the symmetrical measure and asymmetrical one. The empirical results indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between technological proximity and knowledge spillovers measured by patent citations and that these results are robust with respect to patent office data used in the analysis.

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Sham, James, Patrick Killoran, Neil Rubens, and Brian A. Korgel. "Patent-Bot." Leonardo 52, no. 3 (June 2019): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01719.

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Patent-Bot is an artificial intelligence (AI) software program that learns language from the patent database to write original patents for submission to the United States Patent Office (USPTO). The program creates thousands of new patent summaries per second. Patent-Bot is itself a piece of intellectual property, which in turn exists to generate more intellectual property. Patent-Bot also invents new words in relation to its future concepts, which appear to test the current linguistic limits of innovation and communication. Patent-Bot was debuted as an interactive art installation in the Omnibus Filing exhibition at the Visual Arts Center, University of Texas at Austin. Omnibus Filing showcased artworks, inventions, prototypes and cross-disciplinary research projects undertaken by teams of scientists, artists and engineers. Patent-Bot has since exhibited at Piksel 17: A festival for Elektronisk Kunst og fri Teknologi, in Lydgalleriet, Bergen, Norway. The project is an ongoing collaboration between the authors spanning a variety of exhibition formats and modes of display.

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Graham, Stuart, and Saurabh Vishnubhakat. "Of Smart Phone Wars and Software Patents." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.1.67.

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Among the main criticisms currently confronting the US Patent and Trademark Office are concerns about software patents and what role they play in the web of litigation now proceeding in the smart phone industry. We will examine the evidence on the litigation and the treatment by the Patent Office of patents that include software elements. We present specific empirical evidence regarding the examination by the Patent Office of software patents, their validity, and their role in the smart phone wars. More broadly, this article discusses the competing values at work in the patent system and how the system has dealt with disputes that, like the smart phone wars, routinely erupt over time, in fact dating back to the very founding of the United States. The article concludes with an outlook for systematic policymaking within the patent system in the wake of major recent legislative and administrative reforms. Principally, the article highlights how the US Patent Office acts responsibly when it engages constructively with principled criticisms and calls for reform, as it has during the passage and now implementation of the landmark Leahy–Smith America Invents Act of 2011.

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Anaya-Ruiz, Maricruz, Cindy Bandala, Gerardo Landeta, Patricia Martínez-Morales, Jose L. Zumaquero-Rios, Jorge Sarracent-Pérez, and Martín Pérez-Santos. "Nanostructured Systems in Advanced Drug Targeting for the Cancer Treatment: Recent Patents." Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 14, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892813666181031154146.

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Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world and it is necessary to develop new strategies for its treatment because most therapies have limited access to many types of tumors, as well as low therapeutic efficacy and high toxicity.Objective:The present research aims to identify recent patents of drug delivery nanostructured systems that may have application in improving cancer treatment.Methods:Recent patents regarding the drug delivery nanostructured systems for cancer treatment were obtained from the patent databases of the six main patent offices of the world: United States Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, Japan Patent Office, State Intellectual Property Office of China and Korean Intellectual Property Office.Results:A total of 1710 patent documents from 1998 to 2017 including "drug delivery nanostructured systems for cancer treatment" were retrieved. The top five countries in patent share were USA, China, South Korea, Canada and Germany. The universities and enterprises of USA had the highest amount of patents followed by institutions from China.Conclusion:There is a strong tendency for the development of new nanostructured systems for the release of drugs; particularly, in recent years, the development of nanoparticles has focused on nanodiscs, gold nanoparticles and immunoliposomes.

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Robie, David. "Cell lines and commodities: The Hagahai patent case." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 4, no. 1 (November 1, 1997): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v4i1.622.

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In March 1995, the United States government issued a patent on a human cell line for an indigenous Hagahai man from the rainforests of Papua New Guinea. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) were issued patent No. 5,397,696 by the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), the first time that an indigenous person's cells have been patented. Critics saw this is a 'new and dangerous' era in intellectual property rights while even defenders conceded there are serious dilemmas embracing ethics, the law and the media.

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Habibollahi Najaf Abadi, Hamidreza, and Michael Pecht. "Artificial Intelligence Trends Based on the Patents Granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 81633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988815.

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Maas, Andrew, Kaylan Deshpande, Kyle E. Friesen, and Jay Yates. "Key Takeaways from "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)"." Technology & Innovation 21, no. 2 (March 15, 2020): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/21.2.2020.131.

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This article provides a brief summary of the discussion, presentation, and knowledge shared during the Eight Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Inventors held in Houston, Texas, in April 2019. The panel, "The Intersection of University Inventions and Recent Cases at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB)," focused on university inventions and the PTAB, with perspectives from a university technology transfer office, a PTAB administrative patent judge, and attorneys practicing before the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and in Federal District Court. The panel was led by Andrew Maas of Louisiana State University and included Kalyan Deshpande of the USPTO; Kyle Friesen of Shook, Hardy & Bacon; and Jay Yates of Patterson + Sheridan. The panel busted myths and provided helpful information and perspective on the PTAB.

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Yao, Cong. "Federal Circuit Holds Isolated DNA Is Patent-Eligible – Association for Molecular Pathology v. United States Patent and Trademark Office (Myriad III)." American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, no. 4 (December 2012): 755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800001027.

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Wolfinbarger, Lloyd. "Tissue engineering of bone and cartilage: a view through the patent literature." Asian Biomedicine 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0501.001.

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Abstract Background: Tissue engineering takes on many approaches. It is mostly followed by those in the field through scientific literature. However, there is a virtually untapped resource in patent literature. Objective: This review focuses on patents through the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). This source is used only because the author is most familiar with this resource. This article is not intended to be instructional regarding patents, patent law, or how to apply for patents, nor is it intended to be all inclusive of the patent literature. However, the reader might see the value of following the patent literature as a source of ideas, technologies, methodologies, and knowledge with respect to tissue engineering.

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Nonnenmacher, Letícia, Marcelo Fabiano Costella, Monike de Medeiros Costella, and Tarcisio Abreu Saurin. "A framework to select innovations in patents to improve temporary edge protection systems in buildings." Ambiente Construído 17, no. 3 (July 2017): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000300167.

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Abstract This article presents a selection method of existing innovations in patents that propose improvements in Temporary Edge Protection Systems (TEPS). The method was divided into three stages. In stage 1, records were collected related to TEPS from the patent filing databases of the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (National Institute of Industrial Property, Brazil), the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the European Patent Office. In stage 2, patents were selected based on the TEPS evaluation protocol created by Peñaloza, Formoso and Saurin (2017), which examines safety, efficiency and flexibility criteria. In stage 3, four patents were selected among the 20 patents found related to guard rails and three related to protection nets. Based on the results, one invention stands out that uses hollow posts in protection barriers, which allows for modular movement with safety and flexibility. The framework proposed in this research is a useful resource for disseminating techniques included in TEPS patent databases.

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Huang, Yu Ying, Yi Kai Juan, and Yeng Horng Perng. "Using Patent Data to Explore Technology Trajectory and Trends of Shading Device." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3402.

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Shading devices for buildings are able to resist thermal radiation and decrease air conditioning load, this study used shading devices for buildings as an example, and conducted a patent search in the United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO). This study adopted bibliometric and social network analysis methods to portray the relation between citing and cited patents, to discover the patent main path, grasping the correlation between patent technologies and the overall industrial development. The purpose of this study was to construct patent citation networks, to trace the developmental context of key technologies and their diffusion. The results suggest that automated shading devices are the focus of current technological developments, contributing to rapid advancements and helping developers save time and costs.

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Kovács, Balázs. "Too hot to reject: The effect of weather variations on the patent examination process at the United States Patent and Trademark Office." Research Policy 46, no. 10 (December 2017): 1824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.08.010.

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Glaeser, Stephen A., and Wayne R. Landsman. "Deterrent Disclosure." Accounting Review 96, no. 5 (February 4, 2021): 291–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/tar-2019-1050.

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ABSTRACT We examine how product market competition affects the disclosure of innovation. Theory posits that product market competition can cause firms to increase their disclosure of innovation to deter product market competitors. Consistent with this reasoning, we find that patent applicants in more competitive industries voluntarily accelerate their patent disclosures, which are credibly disclosed via the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Our inferences are robust to using changes in industry-level import tariffs as sources of plausibly exogenous variation in product market competition in difference-in-differences designs. Consistent with patent disclosure deterring product market competitors, we find that timelier patent disclosures are more strongly associated with declines in the similarity of competitors' products than are less timely patent disclosures. In total, our results suggest that product market competition increases patent disclosure timeliness, which is consistent with firms using the disclosure of innovation to deter product market competition. JEL Classifications: D23; G38; O30; O31; O33; O34; O38.

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Garsson, Ross Spencer, and Chinh H. Pham. "Strategies for post-grant reviews and other proceedings for challenging an issued patent." Nanotechnology Reviews 1, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2012-0072.

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AbstractIn the past, there have been other means for challenging a patent (or prospective patent) at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). These included preissuance submissions of prior art and ex parte reexaminations, which continue to be available. With the enactment of the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA) on September 16, 2011, additional means have been provided to entities so that they now have a greater set of potential procedures to challenge and neutralize patents – procedures that are both more economical and will take less time to resolve. Under the AIA, there are two new procedures for challenging a patent after issuance, namely, post-grant review (PGR) and inter partes review (IPR). This article provides an overview of these procedures, including their advantages and disadvantages, so that nanotech-related companies can decide which strategy may best fit them for particular patent invalidity challenges.

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PERNG, Yeng-Horng, and Yu-Yin HUANG. "INVESTIGATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN SHADING DEVICES THROUGH PATENT ANALYSIS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, no. 6 (August 24, 2015): 818–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.914091.

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In recent years, the issues of energy use reduction and sustainable development have garnered considerable interest. This study has conducted a patent search using United States Patent and Trademarks Office (USPTO) data to investigate technological trends in sustainable development, using shading devices for buildings as an example, because they have the potential to save energy by effectively preventing heat from coming indoors, and lowering the indoor heat load. The purpose of this study was to explore the status of shading devices and analyze patent activity, major assignees, assignee countries, core technology fields, patent citations, potential competitors of patent assignees, and developmental path based on patent analysis using a database that spanned the years from 1974 to 2011. The results provide a clear picture of, and evidence for, the pattern of shading device technology; they suggest that automatic sensing shading devices are the focus of current technological developments, thus saving time and costs in future research development.

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Da Conceição Lima, Antonio Marcos. "PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DO Morinda citrifolia L. NO PERÍODO DE 2006 A 2016." Cadernos de Prospecção 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cp.v9i3.16343.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um mapeamento tecnológico das pesquisas já desenvolvidas em torno do M. citrifolia L., avaliando as potencialidades tecnológicas por meio do depósito de patentes. Para tanto, foi realizada uma prospecção tecnológica nas bases de dados World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (EPO), Derwent Innovation Index (DII), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) e Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil (INPI). Dentre as bases estudadas, a WIPO apresentou a maior quantidade de patentes depositadas. A classificação CIP A61K e A23L foram as mais presentes. O ano de 2007 apresentou o maior número de patentes depositadas. Os Estados Unidos aparecem como o maior depositante, enquanto que o Brasil mesmo com uma das produções científicas mais notáveis do mundo na área de produtos naturais, não tem conseguido mostrar o investimento em ciência e tecnologia na obtenção de patentes.

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Pinheiro, Leisson Domingues, and Flávia Mara de Oliveira Campos. "Patentes disponíveis para prevenção e tratamento de lesão por pressão." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 8, no. 23 (August 15, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2358-3088.2018.8.23.54-60.

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Analisar as patentes existentes nas modalidades de invenção ou modelo de utilidade, quanto à titularidade, nacionalidade e sua inserção no mercado. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica da literatura, empregada na busca de documentos de patentes. Os dados foram coletados em base de dados gratuitos (USPTO) United States Patent and trademark oficce, (INPI) Instituto Nacional da propriedade intelectual e (EPO) European Patente Oficce. Foi realizada a seleção dos documentos de interesse através de análise de seus resumos. Foram encontradas 32 patentes de invenção. Em relação ao registro, 28 patentes registradas por pessoa jurídica e 28 patentes encontram-se inseridos no mercado. Prevaleceu o maior número de patentes nos Estados Unidos, totalizando 13. A análise de patentes demonstra uma ferramenta importante de interesse de mercado de empresa em relação à prevenção e tratamento de lesão por pressão.Descritores: Cuidados de Enfermagem, Lesão por Pressão, Tecnologia Biomédica. Patents available for prevention and treatment of pressure injuryAbstract: Analyzing the existing patents in the modalities of invention or utility model, including the ownership, nationality and its insertion in the market. A bibliographic review of the literature, used in the search of patent documents, was carried out. The data were collected in free database (USPTO) United States Patent and Trademark Office, (INPI) National Institute of Intellectual Property and (EPO) European Patent Office. The selection of the documents of interest was done through analysis of their abstracts. 32 patents have been found. In relation to registration, 28 patents registered by legal entity and 28 patents are inserted in the market. The highest number of patents in the United States prevailed, totaling 13. The patent analysis demonstrates an important tool of enterprise market interest in relation to the prevention and treatment of pressure injury.Descriptors: Nursing Care, Pressure Ulcer, Biomedical technology. Patentes disponibles para prevención y tratamiento de lesión por presiónResumen: Analizar las patentes existentes en las modalidades de invención o modelo de utilidad, en cuanto a la titularidad, nacionalidad y su inserción en el mercado. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura, empleada en la búsqueda de documentos de patentes. Los datos fueron recolectados en base de datos gratuitos (USPTO) United States Patent and trademark oficce, (INPI) Instituto Nacional de la Propiedad Intelectual y (EPO) European Patente Oficce. Se realizó la selección de los documentos de interés a través del análisis de sus resúmenes. Se han encontrada 32 patentes de invención. En relación al registro, 28 patentes registradas por persona jurídica y 28 patentes se insertan en el mercado. Prevalece el mayor número de patentes en los Estados Unidos, totalizando 13. El análisis de patentes demuestra una herramienta importante de interés de mercado de empresa en relación a la prevención y tratamiento de lesión por presión.Descriptores: Cuidados de Enfermería, Lesión por Presión, Tecnología Biomédica.

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Borschiver, Suzana, Maria José O. C. Guimarães, Taís N. dos Santos, Flávio C. da Silva, and Paulo Roberto C. Brum. "Patenteamento em nanotecnologia: estudo do setor de materiais poliméricos nanoestruturados." Polímeros 15, no. 4 (November 2005): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-14282005000400007.

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Neste trabalho foi feito um estudo de tendências tecnológicas em nanotecnologia aplicado ao setor de materiais poliméricos, com base em informações extraídas de documentos de patentes. Foi usada como fonte de dados o banco de patentes da USPTO (United States Patent Trademark Office). Os dados foram obtidos via web, utilizando-se diversas palavras-chaves Foram mapeados os principais países depositantes, tipo de depositante e ano de aplicação, setores de aplicação, tipos de polímeros utilizados e principais aditivos e cargas incorporados às matrizes poliméricas.

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VIÉGAS, D. S. S., L. M. S. SILVA, E. P. MARQUES, and A. L. B. MARQUES. "BIOGLYCEROL ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION: TECHNOLOGICAL PROSPECTION." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.68_periodico30_pgs_65_74.pdf.

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The significant increase experienced by the biodiesel industry also brings with it the concomitant increase in the amount of glycerol as a by-product. In this sense, in order to avoid future problems arising from this accumulation, but also to make the production of biodiesel more competitive, it is necessary to seek economically viable solutions for the use of this by-product for applications in Brazil or even in the international market. In this context, the technological trends related to glycerol oxidation were carried out through the mapping of patents in different databases: INPI, European Patent Office (EPO), United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and revealed that there is a technological interest in the development of technology as well as found that the number of patents related to the use of electrochemical methods for the oxidation of glycerol is still little explored, consisting of opportunities for research and development with the potential to generate innovation.

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Shah, Aakash Kaushik, Jonathan Warsh, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "The Ethics of Intellectual Property Rights in an Era of Globalization." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 4 (2013): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12094.

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In recent decades, advances in information technology have given rise to a post-industrial society in which emphasis on the manufacture of material goods has been supplanted by the creation of intellectual property. Indeed, this new “knowledge economy” can be tracked by the exponential growth in patented products across a range of sectors since the 1980s (see Figure 1). According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office, the number of annual patent applications submitted grew from 112,379 to 520,277 over the past three decades, a 464% increase.The transformation in the industrial markets has been accompanied by the rise of a new, global institution for coordinating intellectual property rights (IPRs): the World Trade Organization (WTO).

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Silva, Antonio Jorge Barbosa da, Elison De Souza Sevalho, and Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda. "Potencial das palmeiras nativas da Amazônia Brasileira para a bioeconomia: análise em rede da produção científica e tecnológica." Ciência Florestal 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1020–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509843595.

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Os recursos naturais provindos das palmeiras Euterpe oleracea, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Mauritia flexuosa, Bactris gasipaes, Oenocarpus bacaba e Attalea maripa potencialmente favorecem o aproveitamento da biodiversidade e são economicamente viáveis ao mercado nacional, em virtude do aproveitamento integral de seus produtos e subprodutos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma prospecção baseada na busca de patentes e produção científica de modo a identificar as potencialidades para a bioeconomia das palmeiras nativas da região amazônica brasileira. Para isso, foi realizado uma pesquisa documental exploratória de abordagem quantitativa, analisando os documentos de patentes depositados aos bancos de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial do Brasil, Banco de Patentes Latino-americanas, United States Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office e World Intellectual Property Organization. Para a prospecção científica, foram utilizados artigos publicados nas plataformas de pesquisas da Elsevier, as quais incluíram Scopus e Science Direct, como também as bases de dados da Springer Link, SciELO e o Periódico da Capes. Os resultados da prospecção foram compilados em redes de dados e gráficos. Do ponto de vista científico, as espécies Euterpe oleracea e Mauritia flexuosa se destacam por serem fonte de recursos biológicos com potencial bioeconômico, e apresentam um extenso número de publicações, no que se refere as atividades químicas dos frutos. O United States Patent and Trademark Office apresenta o maior número de depósitos de patentes para a espécie Euterpe oleracea. Nesta constata-se que o Brasil lidera como principal país depositante, devido à alta riqueza dessas espécies. Dentre os depósitos de patentes pesquisados, foram classificados principalmente pelo código A61K, o qual é relacionado à obtenção de comprimidos contendo extrato etanólico (padronizado) dos frutos de Euterpe oleracea e sua aplicação como antioxidante. Diante da presente análise, este estudo possibilitou apresentar uma visão geral das potencialidades tecnológicas e científicas das espécies de palmeiras. O estudo revela de forma significativa o potencial das palmeiras para atender as necessidades humanas na área de alimentação e saúde, e estas podem ser exploradas de uma forma ainda mais significativa pela indústria, com perspectiva para geração de novas tecnologias.

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MacMurray, Robert R. "Technological Change in a Society in Transition: Work in Progress on a Unified Reference Work in Early American Patent History." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (June 1985): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700033982.

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Fire destroyed the Patent Office on December 15, 1836. From the ensuing actions by the Congress and Commissioner, it is possible to create a comprehensive and accurate description of the scope and level of technology and changes therein, as the United States transformed itself into an industrial society. This paper reports the progress made toward that description (in the form of a unified reference work), illustrates some uses of the data, and suggests other uses of the final version in expanding understanding of the processes of sociocultural change, particularly those of capitalist development.

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Journal articles on the topic 'United States. Patent Office. Library'

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