Relevant bibliographies by topics / United States – Politics and government – 20th century

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'United States – Politics and government – 20th century'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Griffin, Stephen M. "Bringing the State into Constitutional Theory: Public Authority and the Constitution." Law & Social Inquiry 16, no. 04 (1991): 659–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1991.tb00864.x.

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This article brings the state into constitutional theory by presenting a theory of the development of the American state from the late 19th century to the present. The focus of the theory is the ability of the national state to exercise sovereignty or public authority over civil society. The main thesis is that the Constitution did not establish a government with a level of public authority adequate to the requirements of a modem democratic state. The result was a mismatch between the demands of civil society and the competence of state institutions, causing a reorganization of the political i
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Makurin, A. I. "WHITE HOUSE AND UNITED STATES CAPITOL: BATTLE FOR THE SUPREME COURT (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2 (61) (2023): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-84-95.

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The U.S. Constitution requires the President to submit Supreme Court nominees to the Senate for its advice and consent. The appointment of a Supreme Court Justice is an event of major significance in American politics. Since the early 20th century, Presidents have submitted 62 nominations for the Court, including those for the post of Chief Justice. Of this total, 55 were confirmed (seven declined to serve). The article dissects the crucial constitutional disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government from the Eisenhower administration to the end of the Clinton administr
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Mari, Marcelo. "Mário Pedrosa’s Turn Point: From the Good Neighbour Policy in the United States to the Brazilian Modern Project (1938–1951)." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 21 (April 15, 2020): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i21.359.

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Mário Pedrosa contributed in a decisive way to the formation and development of Brazilian politics and art in the 20th century. Pedrosa traveled to the United States and started to live in New York at the end of 1938. In the field of the arts, he took a position on the debate between Independent Revolutionary Art and Instrumentalized Art. In the essay “Portinari – from Brodósqui to the murals in Washington” (1942), Pedrosa overcomes the defense of art as a revolutionary weapon, which was his position at the conference on the German artist Käthe Kollwitz, presented at the Club of Modern Artists
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Tianzi, Sang. "Some Notes on Sun Yatsen’s “Alliance with Russia” Policy." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-4-140-147.

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Alliances are one of the most effective ways for states to preserve and gain power. The study of alliance formation has long been a prominent issue in international politics. This article examines the factors that influenced the alliance between Sun Yatsen’s regime and the Soviet government through the lens of alliance theory, taking the “alliance with Russia” of the Guangdong government led by Sun Yatsen in the early 20th century as the subject of study. The scientific innovation lies in the analysis of historical events and their causes from the perspective of international relations. Due to
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Shacillo, Vyacheslav. "The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018150-4.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of the geopolitical consequences of two international crises in Latin America in the end of 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The first Venezuelan crisis caused by a territorial dispute between Venezuela and the British Empire, worsened also relations between Washington and London. The government of the USA considered that the territorial claims of Great Britain to one of the Latin American countries threatened the vital interests of the United States and were in contradiction with the principles of the Monroe doctrine. Based on such consider
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Martín, William San. "Nitrogen, science, and environmental change: the politics of the Green Revolution in Chile and the global nitrogen challenge." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20966.

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Abstract The widespread use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers during the second half of the 20th century radically transformed agricultural production and ecosystems on a global scale. Although the "N challenge" or the "N problem" has had limited public attention compared to biodiversity loss and climate change, scientists consider N pollution a leading ecological concern for the 21st century. Accordingly, a major challenge for scientists and policymakers around the world today is how to meet food production demands while also protecting the environment. Using Chile as a case study—one of the highes
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Veselov, V. A. "A Long Shadow of World War II: Development of the National Security Concept in the United States." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 85–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-85-130.

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In recent years, the history of World War II has transformed into a battlefield in its own right in the ‘war of memory’. Besides the clear fact that the current attempts to revise the results of this war reflect the contemporary international tensions, yet another factor should be noted. The ‘shadow’ of the Second World War appears to be very long. It manifests itself not only in the contemporary system of international relations, but also in the fact that we still view the world around through the prism of concepts that appeared during the state of war and still bear its mark. Particularly, the
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Ибрайымов, Г. В. "Afghanistan and Pakistan in Soviet and American Cold War politics: diplomatic relations and their ideological impact." Historical bulletin 7, no. 3 (May 6, 2024): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5685-2024-7-3-37-46.

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Афганистан во второй половине XX в. был одним из основных направлений в «холодной войне» СССР и США. Это небольшое государство Центральной Азии оказалось крайне ценным в регионально-стратегическом значении. Активность в Афганистане советских и американских дипломатических миссий вызвана необходимостью склонить афганские политические верхи на одну из сторон. Методы применялись разные, от мощной экономической поддержки до связей с внутренними организациями, нередко находящиеся в оппозиции к власти. Соседний Пакистан также имел серьезную ценность в регионе, поэтому поддержка оказывалась и ему. Пр
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Wijkström, Filip, and Stefan Einarsson. "Comparing Swedish Foundations: A Carefully Negotiated Space of Existence." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (May 20, 2018): 1889–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773439.

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Foundations and philanthropy currently play a very limited role in the Swedish welfare. The same is true in fields like Culture and Recreation or International Activities. Only in the case of funding of research do Swedish foundations exhibit a role possible to define in terms of substitution rather than weak complementarity in relation to government. Despite marginal positions for philanthropy, Sweden displays a wealthy as well as growing foundation population, which seems like a paradox, at least in comparison to the situation in Germany and the United States where foundations traditionally
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Iskandaryan, Gohar M. "US Leverage Tools in Iran in 1950s - 1960s." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-1-116-129.

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The study presents an analysis of American influence in Iran after the World War II. The author describes how American foreign policy concepts worked in Iran, and opened a window into the country for American oil industries. The importance and relevance of the article lie in the fact that the players have not changed significantly, nor have the rules of the game and the actions they evoke changed much. Although the foreign policy toolkit of the US has been modernized, very often old methods are still practiced in the region, thus the study and analysis of those are very valuable today. The aut
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Heath, Karen Patricia. "Conservatives and the politics of art, 1950-88." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d62a078b-4009-40a8-8765-1a4f5e0fbcbc.

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This thesis offers a new policy history of the National Endowment for the Arts, the federal agency responsible for providing grants to artists and arts organisations in the United States. It focuses in particular on the development of conservative perspectives on federal arts funding from the 1950s to the 1980s, and hence, illuminates the broader evolution of conservative political power, especially its limits. The most familiar narrative holds that the Endowment found itself caught up in the Culture Wars of the late 1980s when Christian right groups objected to certain federal grants, particu
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Goldberg, David Howard. "Ethnic interest groups as domestic sources of foreign policy : a theoretical and empirical inquiry." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76524.

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This study investigates the phenomenon of ethnic interest groups as domestic sources of influence on the making of foreign policy on a cross-national basis. The attempt is made first to develop a framework for comparing theoretically the role of ethnic groups in various governmental systems. Once completed, the various conceptual assumptions are applied to the activities of domestic ethnic interest groups in the United States and Canada concerned with policy for the Middle East and the Arab-Israel conflict. The focus is primarily on the American and Canadian pro-Israel lobbies during the perio
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Nwokora, Zim G. "Do the candidates matter? : a theory of agency in American Presidential nominations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2271ba3b-447f-4b1e-bfe2-ec473c87189b.

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This thesis develops a candidate-centred conception of American presidential nominations. Candidates' choices in nomination politics remain under-theorised. The literature on nominations has tended either to downplay the role of candidates' independent influence or to suggest that the impact of their choices is too idiosyncratic to theorize about. I reject both of these positions; and instead develop the basic elements of a theory in which candidates are the principal agents of change in nomination contests. I argue that candidates make distinct identity, tactical, and management choices, and
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Clyne, Steven S. "The debates surrounding America's hegemonic decline : a critical assessment." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116111.

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As the United States led the military, economic and diplomatic response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, Secretary of State James Baker was asked whether the determined American leadership discredited the frequently asserted notion tha t America had been toppled from its hegemonic pedestal. He responded th a t he never believed such theories.1 To many people, Secretary Baker's assessment would seem fairly reasonable. After all, in the previous year he--along with the rest of the worldhad witnessed the collapse of Soviet power in Eastern Europe, the rejection of communist controlled command
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Scott, Sean A. "Alcohol and agriculture : the political philosophy of Calvin Coolidge demonstrated in two domestic policies." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164850.

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This thesis demonstrates that Calvin Coolidge applied a philosophy of limited government to his executive decisions concerning two domestic issues, Prohibition and agricultural policy. In both matters, various groups attempted to pressure Coolidge into permanently increasing the scope of the federal government's activities. Coolidge refused to comply with their demands and maintained his belief in the benefits of a federal government that limited itself to minimal activism by mediating the disputes of conflicting interest groups. Through both Prohibition and the agricultural problem, Coolidge
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Fischer, Nick 1972. "The savage within : anti-communism, anti-democracy and authoritarianism in the United States and Australia, 1917-1935." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9124.

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Andelic, Patrick Kieron. "Donkey work : redefining the Democratic Party in an 'age of conservatism', 1972-1984." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74e6045e-6262-45dd-873f-d35223133a42.

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This thesis argues that much of the political historiography is mistaken in portraying the post-1960s United States as a nation moving inexorably to the right. It also argues that historians should not understand the Democratic Party as being in terminal decline between 1972 and 1984, marginalised by a coalescing conservative Republican majority. Indeed, taking as its focus the U.S. Congress, this thesis asks why the remarkable resilience of the congressional Democratic Party has been overlooked by historians. It further asks why that resilience did so little to help the party in subsequent ye
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Simons, Peter. "Isolationism on the Road to Damascus: Mass Media and Political Conversion in Rural Western Michigan." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SimonsP2004.pdf.

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Ault, Michael E. "Presidential Support and the Political Use of Presidential Capital." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277874/.

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This research incorporates a decision-making theory which defines the linkage between the public, the media, the president and the Congress. Specifically, I argue that the public holds widely shared domestic and international goals and responds to a number of external cues provided by the president and the media in its evaluation of presidential policies. Although most studies examine overall presidential popularity, there are important differences in the public's evaluations of the president's handling of foreign and domestic policies. Additionally, I am concerned with how the Congress respon
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Dunaway, Johanna. "Changing Ideological Boots: Adaptive Legislator Behavior in Changing Districts." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3254/.

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Congressional roll-call votes are often used to investigate legislative voting behavior. To depict adaptive roll-call behavior in response to demographic changes that occur during redistricting, I use issue specific interest group scores from the ADA, NFU, and COPE. This exploits the bias in the selection of the issues that interest groups utilize to rate U.S. representatives, by using them to reflect changes in response to significant demographic fluctuations in the constituency population. The findings indicate that while party is the most significant factor in whether legislators adapt the
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Books on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Herringshaw, DeAnn. The United States enters the 20th century. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2011.

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Herringshaw, DeAnn. The United States enters the 20th century. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2011.

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Peter, Kuznick, ed. Untold History of the United States. London, UK: Ebury Press, 2012.

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J, Kuznick Peter, ed. The untold history of the United States. New York: Gallery Books, 2013.

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author, Kuznick Peter J., ed. The concise untold history of the United States. New York: Gallery Books, 2014.

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Moss, George. America in the twentieth century. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1997.

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Moss, George. America in the twentieth century. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Moss, George. America in the twentieth century. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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1944-, Goldfield David R., ed. Twentieth-century America: A social and political history. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.

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Esman, Milton J. Government works: Why Americans need the Feds / Milton J. Esman. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Levin, Jack, and Julie B. Wiest. "Politics and Government." In Covert Violence, 74–89. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529230680.003.0005.

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This chapter examines a wide range of violent acts that have been surreptitiously perpetrated throughout history and around the world. Covert violence has always played an important role in supplementing conventional warfare, and clandestine attacks by weaker operatives have had devastating consequences—even in a country like the United States that is widely known for its military might (for example, the December 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor by Japanese forces and the September 11, 2001 attacks perpetrated by al-Qaeda terrorists). Moreover, clandestine biological warfare has a centuries-long history around the world; from 1155 to 1863, documented attacks between political rivals included: contaminating water wells with dead bodies, selling wine mixed with the blood of leprosy patients, launching projectiles coated with the saliva of rabid dogs, and distributing blankets and clothing contaminated with smallpox and yellow fever. Plenty of examples can also be found throughout the 20th century—particularly during the two World Wars—as well as in the 21st century. Although any combatant might conceivably decide to employ clandestine weapons and/or to strike surreptitiously, one with a large power deficit that is nonetheless desperate to win might be especially likely to resort to covert acts of violence.
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Lane, Roger. "A Common Destiny: Prospects for the Black City." In William Dorsey’s Philadelphia and Ours, 374–410. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195065664.003.0014.

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Abstract Americans have always thought themselves a special people. In the late 20th century we must reject many of the ways in which earlier generations sometimes conceived this notion; for 17th-century Puritans it involved a religious, specifically Protestant, example to the world; for late 19th-century racists a mission of “Anglo-Saxon” conquest; in the post–World War II era a superiority based on “free enterprise,” an economic system which proved we were best because we were richest. But there have been other and more attractive ways of expressing the central idea of special destiny, notably the idea that this country is a kind of “great experiment.” For its most eloquent earlier spokesmen, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, the experiment was political, as for generations after the United States was founded we were the only major nation in the world with a formally democratic government. This is of course no longer relevant: while the attractions of democracy—and some of its problems—are dramatically evident during the 1990s, many countries have constitutions at least as democratic as ours, and the United States can no longer claim the lead. But toward the end of the college year, with a little embarrassment—neither I nor today’s students are comfortable with idealistic flights of fancy—I sometimes suggest that the idea of “experiment” may still be worth considering, in terms not of democracy but of race and ethnicity.
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"China vs. the United States." In Historical and Political Analysis on Power Balances and Deglobalization, 59–86. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5633-0.ch005.

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The relationship between the United States and modern China has been tentative at best, and at times, volatile. The dueling global superpowers have kept it cordial throughout the latter 20th century, but the insertion of uber-nationalist President Xi Jinping has challenged the liberal democratic order predicated on the balance of power amongst the world's nations. The competition between China and the United States has only intensified in the 21st century with the election of nationalist President Xi Jinping, who has not only committed to ‘purifying' the country via education camps for the Uyghur population, but to countering punitive U.S. trade policies and decisions. Xi's China is a major political actor within the international community, and stands a good chance at the impending new world order centering around Chinese politics and policy.
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Lutsevich, Lyudmila F. "Russian-Language Periodicals in Finland at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Finljandskaja Gazeta." In Russian Literature and Journalism in the Pre-revolutionary Era: Forms of Interaction and Methodology of Analysis, 141–56. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0661-1-141-156.

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At the turn of the 19th–20th centuries internal political struggle in Russia is escalating, militaristic tendencies in Europe are intensifying. On the “western outskirts” of the empire, anti-Russian, nationalist and separatist sentiments are spreading more and more widely. Under these conditions, the idea of a “united and indivisible Russia” is being actualized as a fundamental principle of state policy. This idea became the core of the process of Russification of the “outskirts”. The government’s Finlyandskaya Gazeta (1900– 1917) became the brainchild of the incipient process of Russification. The newspaper’s ideological pathos, concept, and tasks formulated by its editor I.A. Bazhenov are discussed in this article.
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Ginzberg, Ell. "Health –care policy in the United States in the 20th century." In Ethical Dimensions of Health Policy, 54–76. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140705.003.0004.

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Abstract I begin with some summary observations about the role that ethics has played in helping to shape health-care policy in the United States in the 20th century. The fact that the United States consists of fifty states occupying an area of about three million square miles with a population of around 270 million with substantial variations in culture, politics, and family wealth and taxable revenue has contributed to substantial variations in private insurance and public services. These variations include large-scale disparities in both the geographic distribution of health care resources and the costs and quality of medical care. These disparities invite inquiry into the dynamic between ethics and health policy. I will be concerned here with the absence of national health insurance in the United States, an absence that serves to contrast this country with all other advanced nations, each of which has implemented universal coverage.
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Parkin, Jack. "Building the Future." In Money Code Space, 73–91. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515075.003.0005.

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The fourth chapter describes how technological decentralisation emerged with advancements in cryptography and acted as a political counterweight of resistance to the encroachment of centralised governments across (online) spaces. The decentralist worldview is shown to be rooted in the specific political geography of the West Coast of the United States that, during the latter half of the 20th century, became a crucible of counterculture and entrepreneurship. Fuelled by this vision, a monetarist desire to create fairer economies through algorithmic decentralisation gave rise to the advent of cryptocurrencies. The intersection and slippage of this technologically deterministic imaginary (preaching a freedom from hierarchy and control) with geographies of material practice is developed throughout following chapters.
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Rees, Stuart. "Perpetrators and victims." In Cruelty or Humanity, 11–22. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356974.003.0002.

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This chapter details individual cases of cruelty which illustrate the character of perpetrators, whether governments, state institutions, or individuals, and the awfulness experienced by the victims. In each of these cases, individuals lived in contexts of discrimination and violence. Political forces, government policies, and cultural influences prepared the stage and built the contexts. Examples cover the plights of asylum seekers, refugees, immigrants, prisoners, and indigenous peoples. The chapter also discusses the mass murders of the 20th century, several of which are counted as genocides. Despite the 'never again' motives of those who crafted the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the small print of the Geneva Conventions, those genocides gave momentum to cruelty which has not been easy to stop. The chapter then argues that citizens who stay silent about cruelty may be as responsible as the leaders of governments, as responsible as the members of police forces and military who obey politicians' orders. From 2000, participants in cruelty could include media personnel; they may say or write nothing about inhumanities presented to them, thereby enabling the public to remain ignorant or indifferent to suffering.
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"Modernizing America." In American Religion, American Politics, edited by Joseph Kip Kosek. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300203516.003.0004.

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The United States became recognizably modern in several key ways in the half-century after the Civil War. Changes such as the end of slavery, urbanization, and the suffrage movement posed formidable challenges to religious authority. Many of the most significant writers on religious politics in this period were not government officials but reformers who sought to remake Americans' public life. This chapter presents the following documents: Reynolds v. United States (1878), the Pittsburgh Platform of Reform Judaism (1885), Frances Willard's Woman in the Pulpit (1888), Elizabeth Cady Stanton's The Woman's Bible (1895), W. E. B. Du Bois' “Of the Faith of the Fathers” (1903), Walter Rauschenbusch's Christianity and the Social Crisis (1907), and William Jennings Bryan's “Mr. Bryan's Last Speech” (1925).
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Strach, Patricia, and Kathleen S. Sullivan. "A Conceptual Roadmap." In The Politics of Trash, 23–34. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501766985.003.0002.

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This chapter uses a conceptual roadmap to lay out a theoretical and methodological approach and traces how governments achieve their goals. It addresses a prominent problem in the United States about how and why governments addressed the garbage problem and what are the resources they employed. It also relates government actors and institutions to the host of governmental and nongovernmental entities that were important in defining a problem, creating policy to address it, and implementing solutions. The chapter describes the nontraditional resources that proved important in the story of nineteenth-century trash collection and disposal through governance approach. It explains how governments work by examining them in relation to other actors, institutions, and levels of government.
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Crotty, Martin, Neil J. Diamant, and Mark Edele. "The Politically Weak." In The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century, 93–119. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751639.003.0005.

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This chapter investigates the cases of victory and defeat and explains what politically influential veterans were able to produce to secure benefits and rights. It focuses on China after its long period of war and civil war that ended in 1949, the United Kingdom after both world wars, the United States after World War I, and the USSR after World War II. It analyses the cases wherein veterans had little or limited success in securing meaningful social and political status. The chapter identifies factors that determine the veterans' status, where it is victory or defeat, or authoritarian versus democratic systems of government. It discusses the political process and the attempts to convert claims into entitlements in order to explain the negative outcomes for the veterans of victorious armies.
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Conference papers on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Fuentes, Gabriel. "The Politics of Memory: Constructing Heritage and Globalization in Havana, Cuba." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.60.

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Since granted world heritage status by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1982, Old Havana has been the site of contested heritage practices. Critics consider UNESCO’s definition of the 143 hectare walled city center a discriminatory delineation strategy that primes the colonial core for tourist consumption at the expense of other parts of the city. To neatly bound Havana’s collective memory/history within its “old” core, they say, is to museumize the city as ”frozen in time,” sharply distinguishing the “historic” from the “vernacular.”While many
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YEŞİLBURSA, Behçet Kemal. "THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN TURKEY (1908-1980)." In 9. Uluslararası Atatürk Kongresi. Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51824/978-975-17-4794-5.08.

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Political parties started to be established in Turkey in the second half of the 19th century with the formation of societies aiming at the reform of the Ottoman Empire. They reaped the fruits of their labour in 1908 when the Young Turk Revolution replaced the Sultan with the Committee of Union and Progress, which disbanded itself on the defeat of the Empire in 1918. Following the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, new parties started to be formed, but experiments with a multi-party system were soon abandoned in favour of a one-party system. From 1930 until the end of the Second World War, t
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Reports on the topic "United States – Politics and government – 20th century"

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Reznickova, Alice. Lost Inheritance: Black Farmers Face an Uncertain Future without Heirs’ Property Reforms. Union of Concerned Scientists, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2023.15127.

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Black farmers in the United States lost nearly 90 percent of their farmland during the 20th century. Researchers and advocates have identified the legal tangle known as heirs’ property as a potential leading cause of this historical and ongoing loss of wealth. Heirs’ property is land passed down through generations to multiple heirs without a clear legal title, and Black landowners have been disproportionately affected due to systemic racism in the United States. As a result, landowners underutilize otherwise productive farmland, have difficulty accessing federal loans and grants, and lose lan
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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.

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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, t
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic polic
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