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Journal articles on the topic 'United States. Postal Inspection Service'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Bard, Jonathan F., Canan Binici, and Anura H. deSilva. "Staff scheduling at the United States Postal Service." Computers & Operations Research 30, no. 5 (April 2003): 745–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(02)00048-5.

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2

Selden, Sally Coleman. "Technical Training in the United States Postal Service." Review of Public Personnel Administration 16, no. 3 (July 1996): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x9601600306.

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3

Bingham, Lisa Blomgren. "Transformative Mediation at the United States Postal Service." Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 5, no. 4 (October 2, 2012): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-4716.2012.00112.x.

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4

Bingham, Lisa B., Gregory Chesmore, Yuseok Moon, and Lisa Marie Napoli. "Mediating Employment Disputes at the United States Postal Service." Review of Public Personnel Administration 20, no. 1 (January 2000): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x0002000102.

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5

Verbeke, Vince. "Extension Use of United States Postal Service Bar Codes." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 1, no. 3 (December 1993): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v01n03_06.

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6

Pajunas, Anthony, Edward J. Matto, Michael Trick, and Luis F. Zuluaga. "Optimizing Highway Transportation at the United States Postal Service." Interfaces 37, no. 6 (December 2007): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1070.0322.

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7

Hongchintakul, Tavatchai, and Brian H. Kleiner. "Discrimination and harassment in the United States Postal Service." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 21, no. 8/9/10 (September 2001): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330110789736.

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8

Ecker, Martha. "Efforts to Privatize the United States Postal Service: Labor’s Response." Labor Studies Journal 43, no. 3 (May 26, 2017): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x17709588.

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9

Hussaini, Syed M. Qasim, and G. Caleb Alexander. "The United States Postal Service: an Essential Public Health Agency?" Journal of General Internal Medicine 35, no. 12 (October 2, 2020): 3699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06275-2.

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10

Metters, Richard D. "Interdependent Transportation and Production Activity at the United States Postal Service." Journal of the Operational Research Society 47, no. 1 (January 1996): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2584249.

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Metters, Richard D. "Interdependent Transportation and Production Activity at the United States Postal Service." Journal of the Operational Research Society 47, no. 1 (January 1996): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1996.3.

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12

Geddes, R. Richard. "Policy Watch: Reform of the U.S. Postal Service." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357879.

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The author first reviews the current structure and regulation of the U.S. Postal Service. He then discusses the changing size and composition of the U.S. mail stream. Many other countries have already undertaken comprehensive postal reform, including both privatization and demonopolization, and the author discusses what lessons their experience can provide. He concludes by evaluating current reform proposals in the United States.

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Cebry, Michael E., Anura H. DeSilva, and Fred J. DiLisio. "Management Science in Automating Postal Operations: Facility and Equipment Planning in the United States Postal Service." Interfaces 22, no. 1 (February 1992): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.22.1.110.

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14

Hochfelder, David. "A Comparison of the Postal Telegraph Movement in Great Britain and the United States, 1866–1900." Enterprise & Society 1, no. 4 (December 2000): 739–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/1.4.739.

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This article places the British and American postal telegraph movements in the broader context of a transatlantic reform tradition. More specifically, British nationalization in 1870 gave American reformers both a rallying point and a rationale for postalizing the telegraphs. The legacies of both movements were mixed. In Britain, the postal telegraph provided inexpensive and accessible service, but it soon ran a large deficit and retarded the development of the telephone industry. In the United States, reformers failed to nationalize the telegraph or to secure a place in historical memory, but they succeeded in pressuring Western Union to provide better service, and they provided the impetus for the municipal ownership movement of the Progressive Era.

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15

vonLockette, Niki Dickerson. "Book Review: Sorting Letters, Sorting Lives: Delivering Diversity in the United States Postal Service." Work and Occupations 39, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888411417806.

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16

Liu, Peng. "On Some Legal Problems in Postal Administration." Journal of Finance Research 4, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v4i1.3244.

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With the development of e-commerce, the express delivery industry in China has developed rapidly. In the past, the express logistics service with postal service as the core has gradually developed into a competitive situation among many logistics companies, such as EMS, Shunfeng, and “Four Tong & One Da”(Shentong Express, Yuantong Express, Zhongtong Express, Best Express, Yunda Express). With the rapid development of China’s express industry, and the development of e-commerce, the number of online shopping has increased, express has become an important choice for small goods exchanges. As a new industry in China, express service industry greatly promotes the development of social economy. With the rapid development of express industry, China has surpassed the United States and become the largest express country in the world. The proportion of express industry in GDP has exceeded 1%, which is becoming one of the pillar industries in China. At the same time, the development of the industry is not standardized. Due to the difference of service standards and the lack of service quality, the number of consumer complaints is increasing.

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17

Singh, Bismark, Simon Risanger, David Morton, Michael Pignone, and Lauren Ancel Meyers. "Expanding Access to COVID-19 Tests through US Postal Service Facilities." Medical Decision Making 41, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x20969690.

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Widespread, convenient access to COVID-19 testing has been challenging in the United States. We make a case for provisioning COVID-19 tests through the United States Postal Service (USPS) facilities and demonstrate a simple method for selecting locations to improve access. We provide quantitative evidence that even a subset of USPS facilities could provide broad access, particularly in remote and at-risk communities with limited access to health care. Based on daily travel surveys, census data, locations of USPS facilities, and an established care-seeking model, we estimate that more than 94% of the US population would be willing to travel to an existing USPS facility if warranted. For half of the US population, this would require traveling less than 2.5 miles from home; for 90%, the distance would be less than 7 miles. In Georgia, Illinois, and Minnesota, we estimate that testing at USPS facilities would provide access to an additional 4.1, 3.1, and 1.3 million people and reduce the median travel distance by 3.0, 0.8, and 1.2 miles, respectively, compared with existing testing sites per 28 July 2020. We also discuss the option of distributing test-at-home kits via USPS instead of private carriers. Finally, our proposal provides USPS an opportunity to increase revenues and expand its mission, thus improving its future prospects and relevance.

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18

Zaki, Ahmed S. "The Impact of Electronic Information Carriers on the United States Postal Service: An Exploratory Survey." Journal of Management Information Systems 2, no. 2 (September 1985): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1985.11517732.

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19

Petersen, DR, RE Link, SP Singh, R. Walker, and D. Close. "Comparison of Returnable Paper and Plastic Corrugated Packaging Trays for the United States Postal Service." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 27, no. 4 (1999): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12227j.

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20

Day, Thomas G. "The Autumn 2001 Anthrax Attack on the United States Postal Service: The Consequences and Response." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.1103004.

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21

Ojemann, Robert G. "AANS Presidential Address: The tradition of Harvey Cushing commemorated by a stamp in the Great American stamp series." Journal of Neurosurgery 67, no. 5 (November 1987): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1987.67.5.0631.

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✓ With the announcement that Harvey Cushing is to be honored by a United States postage stamp in the Great American stamp series, the qualities that this remarkable man possessed are reviewed — artist, author, bibliophile, scientist, soldier, physician, and teacher. The events that led to Cushing becoming a neurosurgeon are summarized. The recognition by the United States Postal Service of physicians and others who have appeared on stamps that had some relationship to Cushing's activities is discussed. Based on the tradition of Harvey Cushing, eight guidelines are presented.

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22

Beamer, Bryan R., Jennifer L. Topmiller, and Keith G. Crouch. "Development of Evaluation Procedures for Local Exhaust Ventilation for United States Postal Service Mail-Processing Equipment." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 1, no. 7 (July 2004): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490458486.

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23

Herron, Michael C., and Daniel A. Smith. "Postal delivery disruptions and the fragility of voting by mail: Lessons from Maine." Research & Politics 8, no. 1 (January 2021): 205316802098143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168020981434.

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Since the onset in early 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mail-in voting rates in states that have held elections have surged, presumably reflecting the fact that voting by mail is a relatively safe mode of ballot casting during a public health crisis. Matters of health notwithstanding, postal delivery disruptions can place mail-in ballots at risk of rejection on the grounds of lateness. With Maine as a case study, we show that, in the past four general elections, over 10% of vote-by-mail ballots arrived at local elections offices either on Election Day itself or one day earlier. Moreover, of the vote-by-mail ballots most vulnerable to postal delivery disruptions, a greater share of them were cast by unaffiliated voters and Democrats than by Republicans. Our results highlight the fragility of voting by mail in light of concerns about the reliability of the United States Postal Service. While existing research shows that the opportunity to vote by mail is neutral with respect to partisanship, our results highlight an aspect of mail-in balloting that nonetheless has a partisan hue—the extent to which vote-by-mail ballots are vulnerable to mail delays.

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24

Fortunato, Michael W. P., Theodore R. Alter, Jeffrey C. Bridger, Kathleen A. Schramm, and Lina A. Montopoli. "Weighing the universal service obligation: introducing rural well-being as a consideration in the viability of the United States Postal Service." Community Development 44, no. 2 (May 2013): 200–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2012.705871.

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25

Ragan, Valerie E. "The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) brucellosis eradication program in the United States." Veterinary Microbiology 90, no. 1-4 (December 2002): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00240-7.

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26

Michaels, Robert A. "The Emerging Urgency of Mitigating Environmental Impacts and Potential Public Health Risks of the United States Postal Service." Environmental Claims Journal 30, no. 2 (March 9, 2018): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2018.1442077.

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27

Jalongo, Mary Renck. "Editorial: On Behalf of Children: The United States Postal Service and U.S. Public Education: Pursuit of Democratic Ideals." Early Childhood Education Journal 32, no. 2 (October 2004): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10643-004-1070-z.

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28

Kick, Edward L., James C. Fraser, and Byron L. Davis. "Performance Management, Managerial Citizenship and Worker Commitment: A Study of the United States Postal Service with Some Global Implications." Economic and Industrial Democracy 27, no. 1 (February 2006): 137–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x06060594.

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29

Johnson, Letitia. "Gender and Medical Inspections at Ellis Island." Constellations 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons27053.

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For many immigrants to the United States, between 1892 and 1924, admission was contingent upon a medical inspection at an immigration centre, such as the one located at Ellis Island in the harbour of New York City. Much like passing through customs or security at airports today, these medical inspections were dreaded by immigrant travellers, and United States Government and Public Health Service (PHS) publications show that these medical inspections were escalating in intensity and emphasis during the early twentieth-century. The purpose of the PHS inspections becomes especially evident when looking at the gender considerations, or lack thereof, which arose during medical inspections at Ellis Island. A gender analysis of the PHS medical inspections, examined through the use of oral histories and photographs, provides a window into understanding the primary concern of the United States Public Health Service.

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30

Murray, Sheridan Kate, and Peter Kimball Brewitt. "Assessing the efficacy of the Tiger Stamp: a policy tool approach." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-020-00661-2.

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AbstractInternational conservation presents a unique challenge for American conservation agencies, demanding unique policy tools. To encourage American citizens to support overseas conservation, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Postal Service, and environmental non-governmental organizations collaborated to create the Save Vanishing Species Stamp, a semipostal stamp featuring a tiger. In doing this, these actors relied on the flagship species approach, wherein a charismatic species attracts attention and support for ecological protection. The “Tiger Stamp” has been on sale since 2011, but its effectiveness as a policy tool is uncertain. In this paper, we discuss the Tiger Stamp and analyze its effectiveness from several angles. The stamp’s impact on species conservation is uncertain and its sales have been lower than those of past semipostal stamps, but this should be understood in the context of nationwide decline in traditional postal activities and the hortatory effect of the stamp beyond its economic effects. We conclude that the stamp is, on balance, a valuable policy tool, and should be continued.

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31

LAUFER, A. S., J. GRASS, K. HOLT, J. M. WHICHARD, P. M. GRIFFIN, and L. H. GOULD. "Outbreaks ofSalmonellainfections attributed to beef – United States, 1973–2011." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 9 (November 27, 2014): 2003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814003112.

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SUMMARYNon-typhoidalSalmonellais estimated to be the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the United States, causing an estimated one million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually. Recent, large outbreaks have highlighted the importance of ground beef as an important source of multidrug-resistantSalmonella. We analysed the epidemiology of salmonellosis outbreaks that were attributed to beef in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1973 to 2011. During 1973–2011, of the 1965 outbreaks ofSalmonellawhere a food vehicle was implicated, 96 were attributed to beef, accounting for 3684 illnesses. We observed a shift in the type of beef implicated in salmonellosis outbreaks, from roast to ground beef. Delicatessen-style roast beef cooked in commercial processing establishments was the predominant type during the 1970s and early 1980s; regulations on cooking and processing essentially eliminated this problem by 1987. Ground beef emerged as an important vehicle in the 2000s; it was implicated in 17 (45%) of the 38 beef-attributed outbreaks reported during 2002–2011. Although this emergence was likely due in part to increased participation in CDC's PulseNet, which was established in 1996, and proactive decisions by the United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service, stronger measures are needed to decrease contamination of ground beef withSalmonella.

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32

III, GEORGE MUNCHUS. "BINDING ARBITRATION ISSUES AND A HISTORICAL OBSERVATION OF THE 1978 CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE: A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW." Journal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector 21, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w34w-fx89-jag3-35nh.

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33

Mitchell, M. R., R. E. Link, J. Singh, S. P. Singh, G. Burgess, and K. Saha. "Measurement, Analysis, and Comparison of the Parcel Shipping Shock and Drop Environment of the United States Postal Service with Commercial Carriers." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 35, no. 4 (2007): 100787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte100787.

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34

DRUCKER, HARRIS, ROBERT SCHAPIRE, and PATRICE SIMARD. "BOOSTING PERFORMANCE IN NEURAL NETWORKS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 07, no. 04 (August 1993): 705–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001493000352.

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A boosting algorithm, based on the probably approximately correct (PAC) learning model is used to construct an ensemble of neural networks that significantly improves performance (compared to a single network) in optical character recognition (OCR) problems. The effect of boosting is reported on four handwritten image databases consisting of 12000 digits from segmented ZIP Codes from the United States Postal Service and the following from the National Institute of Standards and Technology: 220000 digits, 45000 upper case letters, and 45000 lower case letters. We use two performance measures: the raw error rate (no rejects) and the reject rate required to achieve a 1% error rate on the patterns not rejected. Boosting improved performance significantly, and, in some cases, dramatically.

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35

Price, Anna L. "Food Loss Waste in the United States Food Supply Chain: An Analysis of Its Functions, Oversight, and Recent Impacts from the Coronavirus Pandemic." DttP: Documents to the People 48, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v48i4.7479.

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Government oversight of the food supply chain consists of a complicated regulatory framework involving multiple executive branch agencies, congressional committees, and state governments. The agencies primarily involved with food safety issues are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Although the above entities divide responsibility for different aspects of food safety and quality, according to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, the patchwork of statutes and regulations has led to “inconsistent oversight, ineffective coordination, and inefficient use of resources.”

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36

SAINI, PARMESH K., DONALD W. WEBERT, and PATRICK C. McCASKEY. "Food Safety and Regulatory Aspects of Cattle and Swine Cysticercosis." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.4.447.

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Using slaughter disposition data maintained by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, prevalence of cattle cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis) for a l0-year period from 1985 through 1994 is reported. Out of an annual average of approximately 33 million slaughtered cattle, about 6,200 carcasses were identified with cysticercus lesions. In the five FSIS inspection regions in the United States, namely Western, Southwestern, Northeastern, Southeastern, and North Central, an average cattle cysticercosis prevalence of 0.0697, 0.0085,0.0012,0.0004, and 0.0003, respectively, is reported. The relevance of serological testing in lieu of, or as a supplement to, the current labor-intensive physical detection procedure in cattle is discussed, the latter being reported to miss close to one-third of the carcasses harboring cysticercus lesions. Out of a total of approximately 80 million swine slaughtered annually in the United States, the number of carcasses identified with cysticercus lesions (Cysticercus cellulosae) is extremely low, ranging from 1 through 44 during each of the 10 years. Swine cysticercosis (unlike cattle cysticercosis), with man being an alternate intermediate host, poses serious public health concerns with sometimes fatal consequences manifested through neurocysticercosis (Cysticercus cellulosae). Though human cysticercosis is still rare in the United States, recent reports have indicated an upturn in diagnosed cases. These are primarily the result of an increasing number of immigrants and international travel to and from endemic areas.

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37

Kielbowicz, Richard B. "Government Goes into Business: Parcel Post in the Nation's Political Economy, 1880–1915." Studies in American Political Development 8, no. 1 (1994): 150–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000109.

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From today's vantage point, the radical potential originally envisioned for parcel post is hard to imagine. One historian facilely characterized postal savings banks (1910) and parcel post (1912) as small incremental advances in the evolution of state action: “From legislation designed to restrain harmful practices in big business, it was but a step for the government to embark in business on its own accord.” Yet parcel post marked a dramatic departure in public-sector initiatives: it put the federal government in the transportation business to compete with well-established private firms. That the United States started parcel post so late – it was the last major industrialized nation to do so – suggests the extent to which the service raised fundamental questions about the proper sphere of state action.

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38

Morris, Brian T., Jerry Berke, Karen Miller, Patricia Walker, and Frances S. Shofer. "An Observational Study of Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy in Anthrax Workers at the United States Postal Service Trenton, New Jersey Processing and Distribution Center." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 47, no. 9 (September 2005): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200509000-00019.

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39

Grubert, Emily. "Every Door Direct Mail in US survey research: An anonymous census approach to mail survey sampling." Methodological Innovations 12, no. 2 (May 2019): 205979911986210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059799119862104.

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Mail surveys remain a popular method of eliciting attitudinal information, but declining response rates motivate inquiry into new, lower cost methods of contacting potential respondents. This work presents methodological findings from a medium-sized (~12,000 addresses) mail survey testing a United States Postal Service direct mail product called Every Door Direct Mail as a low-cost approach to anonymous mail survey distribution. The results suggest that under certain conditions, Every Door Direct Mail can be a useful approach for mail survey distribution, with response rates similar to those observed with analogous first-class mailing approaches but lower cost per response. As a tool for postal carrier-route saturation mailing that does not use names or addresses, Every Door Direct Mail is potentially useful for researchers who work in small, specific geographies or value or require anonymity. The results from this work suggest good performance on demographics and socially undesirable answers for Every Door Direct Mail relative to addressed mailings. The major disadvantages include an inability to conduct household-level probability sampling, an inability to customize nonresponse follow-up, and minimum mailing sizes associated with the postal carrier route saturation requirement. Every Door Direct Mail is unlikely to become a major tool for survey researchers, but it could be useful in niche applications. This study introduces Every Door Direct Mail to the survey methodology literature and presents empirical data intended to help researchers considering using Every Door Direct Mail.

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40

Cowen, P. L. "(A102) Training Agricultural Emergency Responders." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1100104x.

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Training Agricultural Emergency Responders by Paula L. Cowen, D.V.M., Director, Professional Development Staff, Veterinary Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of AgricultureBackground Emergency Response is a critical component of our Animal Agriculture infrastructure. The ability to deploy trained personnel to handle any kind of emergency is key to quickly containing any disaster and mitigating the effects. This training is provided by a number of federal agencies, universities as well as at the state and local level. Body Several training strategies are employed by a number of different entities. Training is available on-line, in the classroom, with wet labs using live animals, through exercises and case studies. An overview of training and education of Agricultural Emergency Response personnel across the United States will be covered with a more in depth look at the training provided by the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service.ConclusionThe Professional Development Staff provides technical training in disease identification and control, emergency response, import/export, and other topics as needed. Protecting and promoting American Animal Agriculture is our core mission. Veterinary Services provides leadership at the intersection of Animal and Public Health concerns.

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Cowen, P. L. "(A330) Training Agricultural Emergency Responders." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s92—s93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003141.

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Training Agricultural Emergency Responders by Paula L. Cowen, D.V.M., Director, Professional Development Staff, Veterinary Services, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of AgricultureBackground Emergency Response is a critical component of our Animal Agriculture infrastructure. The ability to deploy trained personnel to handle any kind of emergency is key to quickly containing any disaster and mitigating the effects. This training is provided by a number of federal agencies, universities as well as at the state and local level.BodySeveral training strategies are employed by a number of different entities. Training is available on-line, in the classroom, with wet labs using live animals, through exercises and case studies. An overview of training and education of Agricultural Emergency Response personnel across the United States will be covered with a more in depth look at the training provided by the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service.ConclusionThe Professional Development Staff provides technical training in disease identification and control, emergency response, import/export, and other topics as needed. Protecting and promoting American Animal Agriculture is our core mission. Veterinary Services provides leadership at the intersection of Animal and Public Health concerns.

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42

Shogan, Colleen J. "Blackberries, Tweets, and YouTube: Technology and the Future of Communicating with Congress." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 02 (April 2010): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510000041.

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From the establishment of the United States Postal Service and the invention of the telegram, to the introduction of C-SPAN and the explosion of the Internet, the development of new communication technologies has always affected the functioning of Congress. Not surprisingly, recent innovations such as e-mail and social networking have spurred Congress to alter the way it operates as an institution, and rethink the manner in which it engages the public. In this brief examination, I discuss recent changes in congressional behavior and practices due to technological innovation, specifically the proliferation of social networking Web sites. Then, I cautiously predict future trends in the use of social networking and related technologies as they become more integrated in congressional offices and increase the capacity for more robust internal and constituent communications over time.

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43

Lantz, Brenda M., Michael W. Blevins, and Thomas J. Hillegass. "Evaluation of Roadside Inspection Selection System for Commercial Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1595, no. 1 (January 1997): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1595-06.

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The development and testing of the roadside Inspection Selection System (ISS) have been in progress for more than 2 years. The ISS was developed as part of the Aspen roadside inspection software system in response to a 1995 congressional mandate calling for use of prior carrier safety data to guide in selection of commercial vehicles and drivers to undergo roadside inspections. The Aspen system includes software that helps conduct roadside inspections with portable microcomputers. Ten states were involved in the initial testing of the ISS, but a majority of states throughout the United States are now using the system. An analysis of almost 40,000 inspections conducted in 1996 revealed that the vehicle out-of-service (OOS) rate was 33.7 percent for those vehicles the ISS recommended for inspection versus 20.0 percent for those it did not. The driver OOS rate was 13.5 percent for those drivers recommended for inspection versus 9.9 percent for those not recommended. The ISS will thus help in targeting relatively unsafe carriers (as well as those for which there are insufficient data) and reduce the inspection burden on carriers proved to be safe. This means that more efficient use will be made of scarce resources by focusing on less safe vehicles and drivers. In addition, use of the ISS offers substantial benefits to society in safety and to safe motor carriers in cost savings. Presentations of the system and results of an evaluation survey completed by inspectors show the ISS to be well accepted by both inspectors and the motor carrier community.

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Haack, Robert A. "Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-249.

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Summary data are given for the 25 new species of exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera first reported in the continental United States between 1985 and 2005, including 2 Buprestidae (Agrilus planipennis and Agrilus prionurus), 5 Cerambycidae (Anoplophora glabripennis, Callidiellum rufipenne, Phoracantha recurva, Sybra alternans, and Tetrops praeusta), and 18 Scolytidae (Ambrosiodmus lewisi, Euwallacea fornicatus, Hylastes opacus, Hylurgops palliatus, Hylurgus ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus, Phloeosinus armatus, Pityogenes bidentatus, Scolytus schevyrewi, Tomicus piniperda, Xyleborinus alni, Xyleborus atratus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xyleborus pelliculosus, Xyleborus pfeilii, Xyleborus seriatus, Xyleborus similis, and Xylosandrus mutilatus). In addition, summary interception data are presented for the wood-associated beetles in the families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lyctidae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae, based on the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service "Port Information Network" database for plant pests intercepted at US ports of entry from 1985 to 2000. Wood-associated insects were most often intercepted on crating, followed by dunnage and pallets. The five imported products most often associated with these 8341 interceptions were tiles, machinery, marble, steel, and ironware. A significantly higher proportion of the most frequently intercepted true bark beetles have become established in the United States compared with the less frequently intercepted species.

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Karolyi, Paul. "Update on Conflict and Diplomacy." Journal of Palestine Studies 46, no. 2 (2017): 121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2017.46.2.121.

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This update summarizes bilateral, multilateral, regional, and international events affecting the Palestinians and the future of the peace process. It covers the quarter beginning on 16 August and ending on 15 November 2016. The surge of violence that escalated during the Jewish High Holidays in 9/2015 continued to subside this quarter. This year's holidays passed without major incidents. While the Palestinian Authority and Israeli government reached deals on electricity and postal service, neither altered their positions on a return to final-status negotiations, despite ongoing initiatives from the international community. The Palestinian leadership advanced initiatives in international institutions, including the United Nations Security Council. The recently reshuffled Israeli govt. instituted a new carrot-and-stick policy for administering the occupied Palestinian territories while struggling with internal differences over Amona, an illegal Israeli settlement outpost, as well as with the settlement enterprise itself. Donald Trump was elected president of the United States, ushering in a Republican-dominated U.S. government that portends significant changes to the U.S. position on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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46

Khoma, V. O., and V. P. Zhdanov. "Foreign aggairs of the customs organization and operation activities on the example United States of America." Legal horizons, no. 23 (2020): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i23.p112.

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In modern developed countries it is important to protect national economic interests, and therefore there is a need to improve cooperation between customs authorities to combat smuggling and the illegal movement of goods across the customs border of the countries. This article focuses on the study of foreign experience of functioning of the bodies authorised to apply measures of operational-search activities in the system of combating smuggling and illegal movement of goods across the customs border by the example of the United States of America. Every year the customs border of America cross goods valued at a trillion dollars as the total imports, and therefore the customs authorities of the United States of America require the improvement of existing technologies for the protection of the state border. New technologies play a crucial role in the customs of the United States of America. Today in America, the custom is the only governmental Agency in which its officials have the authority for the inspection of people, goods and vehicles crossing the border without a search warrant. It should be noted that the customs service of the United States of America has also partnered with the police departments, the Federal Bureau of investigation in providing customs information that would allow them to detect, and in some cases to predict organized crime, i.e. the police investigate. In addition, the customs service of the United States of America, as the main government body that has the right to apprehend criminals at the border, faced with a complex, multifaceted threat to the smuggling of goods, narcotic drugs and so on. But because the customs service is working on these tasks with the use of modern achievements of science and practice through a variety of approaches, directions: intelligence, operational, experienced, which bring a positive result. In case of detection by customs officers of the United States of America violations of the customs legislation, they have the right to conduct an investigation on this fact, as well as having the right to seize the goods which are subject to export outside the country. In addition, the customs authorities of the United States of America have the right to confiscate without a court order any goods that you intended to illegally vivactis from the country, and vehicle that was to be used for these purposes.

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Veil, Shari R. "Adoption Barriers in a High-Risk Agricultural Environment." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2010010105.

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To lessen the threat of an intentional or naturally occurring livestock disease, the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture introduced the National Animal Identification System (NAIS) encouraging the use of innovative tools such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to track cattle across the country. This study examines the barriers to adoption of NAIS and RFID technology as risk-reduction tools. Diffusion of innovation literature is used to analyze a case study of a state livestock association advocating the rejection of NAIS and RFID technology. Implications for the diffusion of risk reduction tools are provided.

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Dart, Norman L., and Gary A. Chastagner. "Estimated Economic Losses Associated with the Destruction of Plants Due to Phytophthora ramorum Quarantine Efforts in Washington State." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0508-02-rs.

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The number and retail value of plants destroyed in Washington State nurseries due to Phytophthora ramorum quarantine efforts was estimated using Emergency Action Notification forms (EANs) issued by the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service between 2004 and 2005. Data collected from EANs indicate that during this period 17,266 containerized nursery plants were destroyed at 32 nurseries, worth an estimated $423,043. The mean loss per nursery was estimated at $11,188 in 2004, $11,798 in 2005, and at $13,220 per nursery over the 2-year period. Accepted for publication 26 January 2007. Published 8 May 2007.

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Swisher Grimm, K. D., and S. F. Garczynski. "Identification of a New Haplotype of ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ inSolanum tuberosum." Plant Disease 103, no. 3 (March 2019): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-18-0937-re.

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In 2017, potato tubers suspected of being infected with the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ were received from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in the United States. A total of 368 chipping tubers were observed for internal symptoms of zebra chip disease, which is associated with ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ infection in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. A single tuber sliced at the stem end showed classic zebra chip symptoms of darkened medullary rays, with streaking and necrotic flecking. The symptomatic tuber was confirmed positive for the bacterium by polymerase chain reaction targeting three different ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ genes. Sequence analysis of these three genes, and subsequent BLAST analysis, identified the pathogen with 99, 98, and 97% identity to ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, 50S ribosomal proteins L10/L12 genes, and the outer membrane protein gene, respectively. Sequence analysis did not identify the sample as one of the six known haplotypes of ‘Ca. L. solanacearum,’ indicating that a seventh haplotype of the pathogen was identified. This new haplotype, designated haplotype F, is now the third haplotype of the bacterium that infects Solanum tuberosum in the United States.

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Veil, Shari R. "Adoption Barriers in a High-Risk Agricultural Environment." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 6, no. 2 (April 2010): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2010040103.

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To lessen the threat of an intentional or naturally occurring livestock disease, the Animal Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture introduced the National Animal Identification System (NAIS), encouraging the use of innovative tools such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to track cattle across the country. In this study, the author examines the barriers to adoption of NAIS and RFID technology as risk-reduction tools. Diffusion of innovation literature is used to analyze a case study of a state livestock association advocating the rejection of NAIS and RFID technology. Implications for the diffusion of risk reduction tools are provided.

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