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Journal articles on the topic 'United States Thailand United States Philippines United States'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Chan, Clare Suet Ching. "Editorial." Malaysian Journal Of Music 9 (December 28, 2020): i—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/mjm.vol9.11.2020.

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The Malaysian Journal of Music, Volume 9, presents ten articles on issues in ethnomusicology, musicology, composition, music education, popular music and music technology. These issues derive from countries including Japan, Korea, The Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, the United States and Malaysia.
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2

Ngan, Nguyen Thi, Nguyen Thi Diem Hien, and Hoang Trung Nghia. "The effects from the United States and Japan to emerging stock markets in Asia and Vietnam." Science & Technology Development Journal - Economics - Law and Management 3, no. 4 (February 9, 2020): 438–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjelm.v3i4.586.

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The subprime mortgage crisis in the United States (U.S.) in mid-2008 suggests that stock prices volatility do spillover from one market to another after international stock markets downturn. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of return and volatility spillovers from developed markets (the U.S. and Japan) to eight emerging equity markets (India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand) and Vietnam. Employing a mean and volatility spillover model that deals with the U.S. and Japan shocks and day effects as exogenous variables in ARMA(1,1), GARCH(1,1) for Asian emerging markets, the study finds some interesting findings. Firstly, the day effect is present on six out of nine studied markets, except for the Indian, Taiwanese and Philippine. Secondly, the results of return spillover confirm significant spillover effects across the markets with different magnitudes. Specifically, the U.S. exerts a stronger influence on the Malaysian, Philippine and Vietnamese market compared with Japan. In contrast, Japan has a higher spillover effect on the Chinese, Indian, Korea, and Thailand than the U.S. For the Indonesian market, the return effect is equal. Finally, there is no evidence of a volatility effect of the U.S. and Japanese markets on the Asian emerging markets in this study.
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3

Rahman, R. Eki, and Ermawati Ermawati. "AN ANALYSIS OF HERDING BEHAVIOR IN THE STOCK MARKET: A CASE STUDY OF THE ASEAN-5 AND THE UNITED STATES." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 23, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v23i3.1362.

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We construct a new dataset to examine herding behavior in the ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand) and the US stock market. Our dataset consists of daily closing prices on the most liquid stock indices in the ASEAN-5 and the US stock market. Based on the Newey–West estimator, we show that the dominant global factor influencing herding behavior is the US federal funds rate, while the cross-market herding of the Singaporean stock market is the dominant regional factor that influence the other ASEAN stock markets. We find that herding behavior, caused by stock market index, spikes only occur in the Philippine stock market.
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4

Jati, Irawan. "Bilateral and Multilateral Approach of The United States and China Towards ASEAN." Jurnal Global & Strategis 12, no. 1 (June 10, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.12.1.2018.39-56.

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The U.S. and China relations in Southeast Asia have been a long contesting history. It is no question that the U.S. and China are playing strategy to stronghold Southeast Asia for their gain. Both states seek greater influence by applying the multilateral and bilateral approach to ASEAN and its member states. In engaging to ASEAN, the U.S. and China joined ASEAN led multilateral forums such as the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and ASEAN Plus Three. Traditionally, the U.S. and China already have bilateral diplomatic relations with all ASEAN member states. But it does not necessarily represent their deep commitment to the Southeast Asia region. Furthermore, ASEAN relations with the U.S. and China are overshadowed by the rivalry between the two major powers. The US increasing military tied with the Philippines and Thailand's strategic plan to acquire submarines from China are the recent development of rivalries between the two. Therefore, it is fascinating to examine how the US and China's bilateral and multilateral approaches affecting ASEAN and its member states policies. It is argued that ASEAN should maintain neutral performance in engaging with the U.S. and China. It also suggests that ASEAN member states should keep their 'community' identity to derogate the possible deterioration of the stability in the region. Hubungan antara Amerika Serikat (A.S) dan Tiongkok di kawasan Asia Tenggara memiliki sejarah persaingan yang panjang. A.S dan Tiongkok memainkan strategi untuk menguasai Asia Tenggara demi kepentingan mereka. Kedua negara berusaha untuk mencapai pengaruh yang lebih luas dengan melakukan pendekatan multilateral dan bilateral pada ASEAN dan negara anggotanya. Dalam hubungaannya dengan ASEAN, A.S dan Tiongkok terlibat dalam forum multilateral ASEAN seperti ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), dan ASEAN Plus Three. Secara tradisional, A.S dan Tiongkok telah memiliki hubungan diplomasi bilateral dengan negara anggota ASEAN. Namun hal tersebut belum menunjukkan komitmen utama mereka di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Lebih jauh lagi, hubungan ASEAN dengan A.S dan Tiongkok dibayangi oleh persaingan antar kedua negara besar tersebut. Peningkatan hubungan militer A.S dengan Filipina dan rencana strategis Thailand untuk membeli kapal selam dari Tiongkok merupakan perkembagan teranyar dari persaingan antar kedua negara tersebut. Oleh karenaya, artikel ini akan menganalisis bagaimana pendekatan multilateral dan bilateral yang dilakukan oleh A.S dan Tiongkok mempengaruhi kebijakan ASEAN dan negara anggotanya. Argumen utama dalam artikel ini adalah ASEAN harus tetap mempertahankan netralitas dalam kebijakannya terhadap A.S dan Tiongkok. Artikel ini juga merekomendasikan agar ASEAN dan negara anggotanya tetap berpegang pada identitas ‘komunitas’ untuk menghindari kemungkinan eprpecahan di kawasan.
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5

Shuquan, He. "Competition among China and ASEAN-5 in the US Market: A New Extension to Shift-Share Analysis." SocioEconomic Challenges 3, no. 4 (2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.3(4).129-137.2019.

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The United States has a robust trade and investment relationship with China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN is collectively the fourth-largest trading partner, and China is one of the largest trade partners of the United States, the largest export destination for China. Thus, China and ASEAN countries are competing in the US market intensively. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the net gains or losses for the ASEAN-5 Members and China during 1993 and 2007 in the US market. There are two main contributions of this paper: one is to dynamically estimate the net shifts of the economies as compared to the traditional comparative static approach; the other is to extend the shift‐share analysis to attribute the net gains or losses to competing exporters. This study adopts the widely used shift-share analysis technique to exam the net gains or losses for the ASEAN-5 and China during 1993-2007 in the Unites Sates market. The paper provides a new extension to the shift‐share analysis to attribute the net shift to competing economies with a dynamic approach. The paper applies the methodology to the competition among China and ASEAN-5 in the US import market with the data drawn from World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), a data consultation and extraction software developed by the World Bank. The discussion focuses on three periods: 1993-1997, 1998-2002 and 2003-2007. In general, China performs the best among the competing economies. Among the ASEAN-5 Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand perform better than the other two members. During the first period, all economies have positive export growth as the actual export growth shows. However, in terms of net shift, only China and the Philippines are the winners with positive value of net shifts. During the second period, China stands out while the ASEAN economies show negative net shifts values. Similar is the case for the third period. In terms of the industries, China focuses on different industries during the thee periods, and the ASEAN economies depend heavily on a few industries. China’s gains in these industries are much bigger than the ASEAN economies’ gains in value. The ASEAN economies gain in small numbers of industries with small values. When attributed the gains or losses to competing economies, China only loses to the Philippines during 1993-1997, and gains from all competing economies during all periods. Though net losers, the ASEAN-5 also gain from other competing economies. For example, Indonesia gains from Singapore and Thailand during 1993-1997, from the Philippines and Singapore during 1998-2002, from Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore during 2003-2007. The trade war between the United States and China provides opportunity for the ASEAN countries in the Unites Sates market, however, there are negative impacts on the ASEAN countries as well. The ASEAN countries are more vulnerable. Keywords: shift-share analysis, export competitiveness, Asia, ASEAN, China.
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6

Shome, Parthasarathi. "Is the Corporate Tax Shifted? Empirical Evidence from Asean." Public Finance Quarterly 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218501300102.

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The importance of the corporation income tax in overall tax revenue is as high in ASEAN member countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—as in selected developed countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States. This article surveys available fiscal incidence studies for ASEAN members and, after a critical evaluation of their methodologies, employs a two-sector general equilibrium model in order to study the incidence of the corporation income tax in ASEAN. It concludes that, except in Singapore, the tax is borne entirely by the owners of capital in contrast to the usual presumption that the tax is shifted. The policy implication of capital across the economy bearing the corporate tax is that double taxation of dividends—present, at least partially, in each ASEAN member—should be curtailed if these economies are to avoid the necessarily detrimental ramifications for capital formation.
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7

Greiman, Stephen E., Jefferson A. Vaughan, Rasha Elmahy, Poom Adisakwattana, Nguyen Van Ha, Thomas J. Fayton, Amal I. Khalil, and Vasyl V. Tkach. "Real-time PCR detection and phylogenetic relationships of Neorickettsia spp. in digeneans from Egypt, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and the United States." Parasitology International 66, no. 1 (February 2017): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2016.08.002.

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8

Evans, Carolyn. "HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONS AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, no. 3 (July 2004): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.3.713.

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The last decade has seen the rise of a potentially significant development in the Asia-Pacific region in regard to human rights—the establishment of National Human Rights Institutions (particularly Human Rights Commissions) in numerous States.2 National Human Rights Commissions (hereafter NHRC) established in compliance with United Nations standards have been established in Australia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.3 In many of these States, however, human rights abuses are still widespread and serious. The establishment of NHRC, which generally do not have the power to make enforceable decisions, could easily be derided as an attempt by governments to create a fac.ade of respect for human rights while failing to take the enforcement of those rights seriously.4 While this criticism has a degree of validity, NHRC have played a constructive, if limited role, in the promotion and protection of human rights in the Asia-Pacific region.
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9

Lansford, Jennifer E., Patrick S. Malone, Sombat Tapanya, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Arnaldo Zelli, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, et al. "Household income predicts trajectories of child internalizing and externalizing behavior in high-, middle-, and low-income countries." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418783272.

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This study examined longitudinal links between household income and parents’ education and children’s trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behaviors from age 8 to 10 reported by mothers, fathers, and children. Longitudinal data from 1,190 families in 11 cultural groups in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States) were included. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that household income, but not maternal or paternal education, was related to trajectories of mother-, father-, and child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems in each of the 11 cultural groups. Our findings highlight that in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, socioeconomic risk is related to children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, extending the international focus beyond children’s physical health to their emotional and behavioral development.
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10

Gaffney, David, Bill Small, Henry Kitchener, Sang Young Ryu, Akila Viswanathan, Ted Trimble, Al Covens, et al. "Cervix Cancer Research Network (CCRN): Improving Access to Cervix Cancer Trials on a Global Scale." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 26, no. 9 (November 2016): 1690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000823.

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AbstractEighty-seven percent of cervix cancer occurs in less-developed regions of the world, and there is up to an 18-fold difference in mortality rate for cervix cancer depending on the region of the world. The Cervix Cancer Research Network (CCRN) was founded through the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup with the aim of improving access to clinical trials in cervix cancer worldwide, and in so doing improving standards of care. The CCRN recently held its first international educational symposium in Bangkok. Sixty-two participants attended from 16 different countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Columbia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. The focus of this symposium was to evaluate progress, to promote new clinical trials for the CCRN, and to provide education regarding the role of brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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11

Debuque-Gonzales, Margarita, and Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista. "Financial Conditions Indexes and Monetary Policy in Asia." Asian Economic Papers 16, no. 2 (June 2017): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00522.

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This paper constructs quarterly financial conditions indexes (FCIs) for eight Asian economies—namely, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—using a common factor methodology based on Hatzius et al. ( 2010 ). A wide array of financial data is included in the indexes based on identified monetary transmission channels in the literature. Bank-related indicators, various measures of financial stress and risk, and credit surveys, where available, are incorporated to fully reflect the state of the financing environment. The FCIs for Asia successfully capture important episodes in each economy's financial history, but only the indexes of financially advanced economies Japan and Singapore have sufficient forecasting power to predict output growth and inflation. High co-movement of Asian FCIs suggests highly similar monetary policies in the region that are strongly linked with monetary policy in the United States.
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12

Javed, Attiya Y., and Haseeb Ahmad Bhatti. "How to Live in a Textile Quota-free World." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (December 1, 2000): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.609-628.

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Its going to be an open arena, only fittest will survive, instead of governments, markets will determine whom to favour or not. There will be no textile quotas in the year 2005. The world has changed and it is going to change increasingly. It differs from the colonial patterns of trade and co-operation when only United Kingdom was the major player in the international trading arena. Now there are many leading trading nations in the world. In post World Trade Organisation era that is after January 1, 1995 at least on paper every country is equal partner in the global trading system. On ground there are big and small players in this equal paper partnership. United States continues to be the leading exporter and importer in the world with a share of 12.4 percent of total world exports and 18.0 percent of total world imports. The East Asian economies first tier, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan have climbed up on the Product Cycle ladder shifting from low value products to high value added exports like hi-tech electronics, the second tier of NIE’s Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines have diverse exporting patterns. Excluding Malaysia, others are exporters of textiles and clothing with many other products.
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13

Hunt, David, Robert Foottit, Dana Gagnier, and Tracey Baute. "First Canadian records of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 6 (December 2003): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-027.

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The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in the People's Republic of China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, North Borneo, Malaya, and the Philippines (Blackman and Eastop 2000). It was first identified in North America in 2000 from soybean fields in 10 states in the north-central United States of America, although the route of entry and time of introduction are not known (North Central Regional Pest Alert 2001). Dai and Fan (1991) reported that yield losses caused by soybean aphids on soybeans in the People's Republic of China were greater when the crop was infested soon after planting, and the presence of large populations of the aphid throughout the growing season resulted in 20%–30% yield losses. The soybean aphid can also transmit several viruses that infect soybeans in North America, including alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, peanut mottle, peanut stunt, and peanut stripe (Hartman et al. 2001). In North America, the soybean aphid is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosiac virus (Hill et al. 2001). A survey of Ontario soybean fields revealed the presence of tobacco ring spot virus, soybean mosiac virus, and bean pod mottle virus (Michelutti et al. 2001); all of which could potentially be spread by this newly introduced aphid.
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14

Lansford, Jennifer E., Darren Woodlief, Patrick S. Malone, Paul Oburu, Concetta Pastorelli, Ann T. Skinner, Emma Sorbring, et al. "A longitudinal examination of mothers’ and fathers’ social information processing biases and harsh discipline in nine countries." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 3 (April 25, 2014): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000236.

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AbstractThis study examined whether parents’ social information processing was related to their subsequent reports of their harsh discipline. Interviews were conducted with mothers (n = 1,277) and fathers (n = 1,030) of children in 1,297 families in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), initially when children were 7 to 9 years old and again 1 year later. Structural equation models showed that parents’ positive evaluations of aggressive responses to hypothetical childrearing vignettes at Time 1 predicted parents’ self-reported harsh physical and nonphysical discipline at Time 2. This link was consistent across mothers and fathers, and across the nine countries, providing support for the universality of the link between positive evaluations of harsh discipline and parents’ aggressive behavior toward children. The results suggest that international efforts to eliminate violence toward children could target parents’ beliefs about the acceptability and advisability of using harsh physical and nonphysical forms of discipline.
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15

Tunggal, Noor Zainab, Shariff Umar Shariff Abd. Kadir, and Venus-Khim Sen Liew. "Panel Analysis of Monetary Model of ASEAN-5 Exchange Rates." International Business Research 11, no. 11 (September 27, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n11p1.

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In this study, we examined whether the exchange rates in ASEAN-5 countries are driven by monetary fundamentals. We applied the panel unit root tests and found that the United States denominated nominal exchange rates of Malaysian Ringgit, Indonesian Rupiah, Philippines Peso, Singapore Dollar, and Thailand Baht are all integrated of order one. Meanwhile, relative money supply and relative real income are also integrated in the same order. Nonetheless, the relative interest rate is integrated in order zero, and it implies the uncovered interest rate parity held in ASEAN-5. By using a panel cointegration test pioneered by Pedroni (2000, 2004), we found evidence that there is a long-run relationship between nominal exchange rate and its monetary fundamentals. Consistent with the monetary model of the exchange rate, relative money supply is positively related to nominal exchange rates, while relative real income is negatively related to nominal exchange rates. Therefore, this study reveals the importance of relative real money supply and relative income for the exchange rate market players to predict and monitor ASEAN-5 exchange rates.
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16

Lansford, Jennifer E., Jennifer Godwin, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, et al. "Reward sensitivity, impulse control, and social cognition as mediators of the link between childhood family adversity and externalizing behavior in eight countries." Development and Psychopathology 29, no. 5 (November 22, 2017): 1675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001328.

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AbstractUsing data from 1,177 families in eight countries (Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States), we tested a conceptual model of direct effects of childhood family adversity on subsequent externalizing behaviors as well as indirect effects through psychological mediators. When children were 9 years old, mothers and fathers reported on financial difficulties and their use of corporal punishment, and children reported perceptions of their parents’ rejection. When children were 10 years old, they completed a computerized battery of tasks assessing reward sensitivity and impulse control and responded to questions about hypothetical social provocations to assess their hostile attributions and proclivity for aggressive responding. When children were 12 years old, they reported on their externalizing behavior. Multigroup structural equation models revealed that across all eight countries, childhood family adversity had direct effects on externalizing behaviors 3 years later, and childhood family adversity had indirect effects on externalizing behavior through psychological mediators. The findings suggest ways in which family-level adversity poses risk for children's subsequent development of problems at psychological and behavioral levels, situated within diverse cultural contexts.
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17

Lien, Keng-Wen, Xin Wang, Min-Hsiung Pan, and Min-Pei Ling. "Assessing Aflatoxin Exposure Risk from Peanuts and Peanut Products Imported to Taiwan." Toxins 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020080.

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Aflatoxins are highly toxic and cause disease in livestock and humans. In order to assess Taiwan population exposure to aflatoxin from peanuts and peanut products, a total of 1089 samples of peanut candy, peanut butter, and peanuts etc. were collected in the period from 2011 to 2017 and analyzed using a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer. The overall mean contamination levels of aflatoxin in peanuts and peanut products were 2.40 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1, 0.41 μg/kg of aflatoxin B2, 0.19 μg/kg of aflatoxin G1, and 0.03 μg/kg of aflatoxin G2. We use margin of exposure (MOE) as a tool to improve food safety management. According to MOE levels of aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut products from China, Indonesia, Thailand, the United States, and the Philippines were above the safe lower limit of 10,000, indicating an absence of public health or safety risk for the majority of the population. However, products from Vietnam were under the MOE safe lower limit, suggesting that regulatory actions must be continued to avoid excessive consumer exposure.
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18

Robiyanto and Aldhi Fajar Hartanto. "CONTAGION EFFECT DAN INTEGRASI PASAR MODAL DI KAWASAN ASIA, EROPA DAN AMERIKA." Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen 14, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jom.v14i1.138.2018.

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Capital market integration is a very interesting topic to study because it is constantly evolving along with the development of time and conditions that occur in the capital markets in the world. This study examines the integration of capital markets and the contagion effect of capital markets in Asia, Europe and America. This study uses monthly closing data of Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) for Indonesia, (KLCI) for Malaysia, PSE Composite Index (PSE) for Philippines, Straight Times Index (STI) for Singapore, SET Index (SET) for Thailand, NIKKEI 225 for Japan, FTSE 100 for UK, DAX 30 for Germany, CAC 40 for France, IBEX 35 for Spain, Dow Jones for USA during period of January 2012 until December 2016. The result of this research is there is no comovement between capital markets of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United States. Integrasi pasar modal merupakan topik yang masih sangat menarik untuk dikaji karena senantiasa berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan waktu dan kondisi yang terjadi pada pasar modal-pasar modal yang ada di dunia. Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi pasar modal dan contagion effect dari pasar modal di Asia, Eropa dan Amerika. Penelitian ini menggunakan data penutupan bulanan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) untuk Indonesia, Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) untuk Malaysia, PSE Composite Index(PSE) untuk Filipina, Straight Times Index (STI) untuk Singapura, SET Index (SET) untuk Thailand, NIKKEI 225 untuk Jepang, FTSE 100 untuk Inggris, DAX 30 untuk Jerman, CAC 40 untuk Prancis, IBEX 35 untuk Spanyol, Dow Jones untuk Amerika Serikatselama periode bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat comovement antara pasar modal Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Thailand, Jepang, UK, Jerman, Perancis, Italia, Spanyol, dan Amerika Serikat.
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Restrepo-Serna, Daissy, Jimmy Martínez-Ruano, and Carlos Cardona-Alzate. "Energy Efficiency of Biorefinery Schemes Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Raw Material." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 3474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123474.

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The use of biomass to obtain value-added products has been a good alternative for reducing their environmental impacts. For this purpose, different studies have been carried out focused on the use of agro-industrial waste. One of the most commonly used raw materials has been bagasse obtained from the processing of sugarcane in high quantities in countries like Brazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan, Mexico, Colombia, Indonesia, Philippines, and the United States. From 1 ton of sugarcane, 280 kg of bagasse can be obtained. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a waste that is rich in polysaccharides, which makes it a promising raw material for obtaining products under biorefinery concept. The objective of this work was to analyze from the energetic point of view, different biorefinery schemes in which SCB is employed as a raw material. The design and simulation of the different biorefinery schemes is performed in Aspen Plus software. From this software, it was possible to obtain the different mass and energy balances, which are used in the technical and energetic analysis. Exergy is used as a comparison tool for the energy analysis. These analyses allowed for the selection of the best biorefinery configuration from SCB.
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20

Rothenberg, W. Andrew, Jennifer E. Lansford, Liane Peña Alampay, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, et al. "Examining effects of mother and father warmth and control on child externalizing and internalizing problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 3 (December 23, 2019): 1113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001214.

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AbstractThis study used data from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States; N = 1,315) to investigate bidirectional associations between parental warmth and control, and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, the extent to which these associations held across mothers and fathers and across cultures with differing normative levels of parent warmth and control were examined. Mothers, fathers, and children completed measures when children were ages 8 to 13. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that evocative child-driven effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior on warmth and control are ubiquitous across development, cultures, mothers, and fathers. Results also reveal that parenting effects on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, though rarer than child effects, extend into adolescence when examined separately in mothers and fathers. Father-based parent effects were more frequent than mother effects. Most parent- and child-driven effects appear to emerge consistently across cultures. The rare culture-specific parenting effects suggested that occasionally the effects of parenting behaviors that run counter to cultural norms may be delayed in rendering their protective effect against deleterious child outcomes.
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21

Ramdial, H., R. K. Latchoo, F. N. Hosein, and S. N. Rampersad. "Phylogeny and Haplotype Analysis of Fungi Within the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex." Phytopathology® 107, no. 1 (January 2017): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-05-16-0209-r.

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Fusarium spp. are ranked among the top 10 most economically and scientifically important plant-pathogenic fungi in the world and are associated with plant diseases that include fruit decay of a number of crops. Fusarium isolates infecting bell pepper in Trinidad were identified based on sequence comparisons of the translation elongation factor gene (EF-1a) with sequences of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) verified in the FUSARIUM-ID database. Eighty-two isolates were identified as belonging to one of four phylogenetic species within the subclades FIESC-1, FIESC-15, FIESC-16, and FIESC-26, with the majority of isolates belonging to FIESC-15. A comparison of the level of DNA polymorphism and phylogenetic inference for sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and EF-1a sequences for Trinidad and FUSARIUM-ID type species was carried out. The ITS sequences were less informative, had lower haplotype diversity and restricted haplotype distribution, and resulted in poor resolution and taxa placement in the consensus maximum-likelihood tree. EF-1a sequences enabled strongly supported phylogenetic inference with highly resolved branching patterns of the 30 phylogenetic species within the FIESC and placement of representative Trinidad isolates. Therefore, global phylogeny was inferred from EF-1a sequences representing 11 countries, and separation into distinct Incarnatum and Equiseti clades was again evident. In total, 42 haplotypes were identified: 12 were shared and the remaining were unique haplotypes. The most diverse haplotype was represented by sequences from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Trinidad and consisted exclusively of F. incarnatum isolates. Spain had the highest haplotype diversity, perhaps because both F. equiseti and F. incarnatum sequences were represented; followed by the United States, which contributed both F. equiseti and F. incarnatum sequences to the data set; then by countries representing Southeast Asia (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines) and Trinidad; both of these regions were represented by only F. incarnatum sequences. Trinidad shared two haplotypes with China and one haplotype with the United States for only F. incarnatum isolates. The findings of this study are important for devising disease management strategies and for understanding the phylogenetic relationships among members of the FIESC.
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Wan Sallha, Yusoff, Handayani Wuri, Saad Mohd. Sazli, and Md Salleh Mohd. Fairuz. "Determining The Optimal Mix of Institutional Geopolitical Power And ASEAN Corporate Governance on the Firm Value of Malaysia’s Multinational Corporations (MNCs)." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006017.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between institutional geopolitics, ASEAN corporate governance quality and the firm value of Malaysia’s multinational corporation (MNC). We used the data of MNCs in Malaysia that were active from 2009 to 2013 as an evidence of MNCs from emerging market economies. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis and panel data analysis have been utilized to test the equation model. We also propose optimization analysis by using differential evolution method to capture the optimal mix of institutional geopolitics and ASEAN_CG on the firm value of MNC. Results reveal that the geopolitics of G7(Canada, France, German, Italy, Japan, Europe, and the United States), BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), and ASEAN (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia) are highly correlated with the firm value of Malaysia’s MNC. The power of institutional geopolitics, namely, military, material, and social power, influences firm value negatively and ASEAN_CG moderate the negative influence of institutional geopolitics on the firm value of MNC. Thus, it is importance for corporate management to understand the geopolitical changes of host countries’ and increase the compliance of ASEAN_CG in formulating their market value and segmentation strategies.
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Pastorelli, Concetta, Antonio Zuffianò, Jennifer E. Lansford, Eriona Thartori, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, et al. "Positive Youth Development: Parental Warmth, Values, and Prosocial Behavior in 11 Cultural Groups." Journal of Youth Development 16, no. 2-3 (July 14, 2021): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2021.1026.

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The current cross-cultural study aimed to extend research on parenting and children’s prosocial behavior by examining relations among parental warmth, values related to family obligations (i.e., children’s support to and respect for their parents, siblings, and extended family), and prosocial behavior during the transition to adolescence (from ages 9 to 12). Mothers, fathers, and their children (N = 1107 families) from 8 countries including 11 cultural groups (Colombia; Rome and Naples, Italy; Jordan; Kenya; the Philippines; Sweden; Thailand; and African Americans, European Americans, and Latin Americans in the United States) provided data over 3 years in 3 waves (Mage of child in wave 1 = 9.34 years, SD = 0.75; 50.5% female). Overall, across all 11 cultural groups, multivariate change score analysis revealed positive associations among the change rates of parental warmth, values related to family obligations, and prosocial behavior during late childhood (from age 9 to 10) and early-adolescence (from age 10 to 12). In most cultural groups, more parental warmth at ages 9 and 10 predicted steeper mean-level increases in prosocial behavior in subsequent years. The findings highlight the prominent role of positive family context, characterized by warm relationships and shared prosocial values, in fostering children’s positive development in the transition to adolescence. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Lansford, Jennifer E., Jennifer Godwin, Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado, Arnaldo Zelli, Suha M. Al-Hassan, Dario Bacchini, Anna Silvia Bombi, et al. "Individual, family, and culture level contributions to child physical abuse and neglect: A longitudinal study in nine countries." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt2 (November 2015): 1417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941500084x.

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AbstractThis study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N= 1,418 families,Mage of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estimated to examine predictors of (a) within-family differences across the three time points, (b) between-family within-culture differences, and (c) between-cultural group differences in mothers' and fathers' reports of corporal punishment and children's reports of their parents' neglect. These analyses addressed to what extent mothers' and fathers' use of corporal punishment and children's perceptions of their parents' neglect were predicted by parents' belief in the necessity of using corporal punishment, parents' perception of the normativeness of corporal punishment in their community, parents' progressive parenting attitudes, parents' endorsement of aggression, parents' education, children's externalizing problems, and children's internalizing problems at each of the three levels. Individual-level predictors (especially child externalizing behaviors) as well as cultural-level predictors (especially normativeness of corporal punishment in the community) predicted corporal punishment and neglect. Findings are framed in an international context that considers how abuse and neglect are defined by the global community and how countries have attempted to prevent abuse and neglect.
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Lansford, Jennifer E., Jennifer Godwin, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Laura Di Giunta, Kenneth A. Dodge, et al. "Parenting, culture, and the development of externalizing behaviors from age 7 to 14 in nine countries." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (August 22, 2018): 1937–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000925.

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AbstractUsing multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N= 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers’ and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers’ authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents’ externalizing behavior.
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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 9 No. 2." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n2p58.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jfr@ccsenet.org Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2   Ammar Eltayeb Ali Hassan, University of Tromsø, Norway Ana Silva, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Portugal Ancuta Elena Prisacaru, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania Bernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Italy Bruno Alejandro Irigaray, Facultad de Química, Uruguay Coman Gigi, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Djilani Abdelouaheb, Badji Mokhtar University, Algeria Elke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Austria Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), Portugal Essence Jeanne Picones Logan, University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Greta Faccio, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Sciences and Technology, Switzerland J. Basilio Heredia, Research Center for Food and Development, Mexico Jintana Wiboonsirikul, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand Jose Maria Zubeldia, Gestión Sanitaria de Canarias – Gobierno de Canarias, Spain Luis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal Ma Lourdes Vazquez-Odériz, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain Marco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Italy Mariana de Lourdes Almeida Vieira, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Brazil Massimiliano Renna, CNR-National Research Council of Italy, Italy Paolo Polidori, University of Camerino, Italy Richard Nyanzi, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Shao Quan Liu, National University of Singapore, Singapore Stuart Munson-McGee, New Mexico State University, United States Tzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, Greece Xinyin Jiang, Brooklyn College, United States
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27

Alampay, Liane Peña, Jennifer Godwin, Jennifer E. Lansford, Anna Silvia Bombi, Marc H. Bornstein, Lei Chang, Kirby Deater-Deckard, et al. "Severity and justness do not moderate the relation between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 4 (June 9, 2017): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417697852.

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There is strong evidence of a positive association between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes, but previous studies have suggested that the manner in which parents implement corporal punishment moderates the effects of its use. This study investigated whether severity and justness in the use of corporal punishment moderate the associations between frequency of corporal punishment and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. This question was examined using a multicultural sample from eight countries and two waves of data collected one year apart. Interviews were conducted with 998 children aged 7–10 years, and their mothers and fathers, from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. Mothers and fathers responded to questions on the frequency, severity, and justness of their use of corporal punishment; they also reported on the externalizing and internalizing behavior of their child. Children reported on their aggression. Multigroup path models revealed that across cultural groups, and as reported by mothers and fathers, there is a positive relation between the frequency of corporal punishment and externalizing child behaviors. Mother-reported severity and father-reported justness were associated with child-reported aggression. Neither severity nor justness moderated the relation between frequency of corporal punishment and child problem behavior. The null result suggests that more use of corporal punishment is harmful to children regardless of how it is implemented, but requires further substantiation as the study is unable to definitively conclude that there is no true interaction effect.
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28

Mohammad, Norsyazwani, Emilia Zainal Abidin, Vivien How, Sarva Mangala Praveena, and Zailina Hashim. "Pesticide management approach towards protecting the safety and health of farmers in Southeast Asia." Reviews on Environmental Health 33, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2017-0019.

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Abstract Background: It is estimated that pesticide production and use have increased continuously in the countries of Southeast Asia in recent years. Within the context of protecting the safety and health of workers in the agricultural sector, there is an existing gap in the implementation of the pesticide management framework because safety and health effects arising from occupational exposures continue to be reported. Objective: This study aims to provide narrative similarities, differences and weaknesses of the existing pesticide management system in Southeast Asian countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) within the context of occupational safety and health. Methods: This is preliminary traditional review study. Pesticide regulation and management at the country level were identified using web-based search engines such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google. Book, reports, legislation document and other documents retrieved were also gathered from international organizations and specific websites of governmental agency in Southeast Asian countries. The scope of this review is only limited to literature written in English. In total, 44 review articles, reports and documents were gathered for this study. The approach of pesticide management in protecting safety and health in the agricultural setting were benchmarked according to the elements introduced by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, namely, (1) the protection of workers and (2) the practice of safety. Results: All countries have assigned a local authority and government organization to manage and control pesticide use in the agricultural sector. The countries with the highest usage of pesticide are Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia. Most Southeast Asian countries have emphasized safety practice in the management of pesticide usage, but there were less emphasis on the element of protection of workers within the framework in Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Conclusion: The governing bodies in the countries of Southeast Asia have placed significant effort to develop framework related to pesticide management at the country level. The implementation of pesticide management based on the existing framework is evident in most of the countries but needs to be improved. It is suggested that emphasis be given to the implementation of diagnosis, health surveillance and reporting system as well as following or adopting standard guidelines for the protection of workers in terms of safety and health in the agricultural sector.
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29

Tsai, W. S., S. L. Shih, S. K. Green, and F. J. Jan. "Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Squash leaf curl Phillipines virus in Taiwan." Plant Disease 91, no. 7 (July 2007): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-7-0907a.

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Whitefly-transmitted, cucurbit-infecting begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) have been detected on cucurbit crops in Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam. Pumpkin plants showing leaf curling, blistering, and yellowing symptoms were observed in the AVRDC fields (Tainan, Taiwan) during 2001 and in nearby farmers' fields during 2005. Two samples from symptomatic plants were collected in 2001 and six collected in 2005. Viral DNAs were extracted (2), and the PCR, with previously described primers, was used to detect the presence of begomoviral DNA-A (4), DNA-B (3), and associated satellite DNA (1). Begomoviral DNA-A was detected in one of the 2001 samples and in all 2005 samples. The PCR-amplified 1.5 kb viral DNA-A from one positive sample each from the 2001 and 2005 collections was cloned and sequenced. On the basis of the 1.5-kb DNA-A sequences, specific primers were designed to completely sequence the DNA-A component. The overlap between fragments obtained using primer walking ranged from 43 to 119 bp with 100% nt identities. The complete DNA-A sequences were determined for the two isolates as 2,734 bp (2001) (GenBank Accession No. DQ866135) and 2,733 bp (2005) (GenBank Accession No. EF199774). Sequence comparisons and analyses were performed using the DNAMAN Sequence Analysis Software (Lynnon Corporation, Vaudreuil, Quebec, Canada). The DNA-A of the begomovirus isolates each contained the conserved nanosequence-TAATATTAC and six open reading frames, including two in the virus sense and four in the complementary sense. On the basis of a 99% shared nucleotide sequence identity, they are considered isolates of the same species. BLASTn analysis and a comparison of the sequence with others available in the GenBank database ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) indicated that the Taiwan virus shared its highest nt identity (more than 95%) with the Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (GenBank Accession No. AB085793). Virus-associated satellite DNA was not found in any of the samples. DNA-B was found in both samples, providing further evidence that the virus was the same as the bipartite Squash leaf curl Philippines virus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Squash leaf curl Philippines virus in Taiwan. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Virology 312:106, 2003. (2) R. L. Gilbertson et al. J. Gen. Virol. 72:2843, 1991. (3) S. K. Green et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.
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30

Domino, George, and Poonsri Pathanapong. "Cancer imagery: Thailand and the United States." Personality and Individual Differences 14, no. 5 (May 1993): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90117-l.

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31

Gardner, Robert W. "Asian Immigration: The View from the United States." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 1 (March 1992): 64–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100104.

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Between the 1965 immigration law and 1990, Asian immigration to the United States increased tenfold to a quarter of a million annually. As sender of the most immigrants, Japan has yielded to the Philippines, South Korea, Vietnam, India, and China. From 1974–1989, over 900,000 Southeast Asian refugees entered the United States. Most Asians today are admitted in the family preference category. On average, the sex ratio is balanced, but over 55% of immigrants from South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan are female. Asians are occupationally diverse, with a greater number of professionals/executives (35%) than laborers (14%). Though relatively few in number, Asians concentrate geographically (notably in California) and exert growing political influence in those areas. Except for refugees, Asians are generally viewed as having a positive impact as students and workers. On the other hand, inas much as they contribute to ethnic diversity, they fan the current fears over threats to a common American cultural heritage. Anti-Asian hate crimes and interethnic violence have risen. Asian immigration is likely to continue to rise and show greater emphasis on employment preference categories.
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32

Merrill, Dennis, and H. W. Brands. "Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines." Journal of American History 80, no. 3 (December 1993): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080510.

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33

Onorato, Michael Paul, and H. W. Brands. "Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines." American Historical Review 98, no. 4 (October 1993): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166811.

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34

Desantis, Vincent P. "Bound to Empire: The United States and The Philippines." History: Reviews of New Books 22, no. 2 (January 1994): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1994.9948859.

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35

Aquino, Belinda A., and H. W. Brands. "Bound to Empire: The United States and the Philippines." Pacific Affairs 66, no. 4 (1993): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760715.

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36

Macisaac, Steven D. "Book Review: After Postcolonialism: Remapping Philippines-United States Confrontations." Journal of Asian and African Studies 38, no. 1 (February 2003): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190960303800121.

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37

Girling, John, R. Sean Randolph, Karl D. Jackson, and Wiwat Mungkandi. "The United States and Thailand: Alliance Dynamics, 1950-1985." Pacific Affairs 60, no. 4 (1987): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759225.

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38

Flaming, Linda, Gilda Agacer, and Nancy Uddin. "Ethical Decision-Making Differences Between Philippines and United States Students." Ethics & Behavior 20, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10508420903482624.

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39

Fuller, Theodore D., and Robert J. Muscat. "Thailand and the United States: Development, Security, and Foreign Aid." Contemporary Sociology 20, no. 4 (July 1991): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2071797.

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40

Zagoria, Donald S., and Robert J. Muscat. "Thailand and the United States: Development, Security, and Foreign Aid." Foreign Affairs 69, no. 4 (1990): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044581.

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41

Leifer, Michael, and Robert J. Muscat. "Thailand and the United States: Development, Security, and Foreign Aid." Political Science Quarterly 106, no. 3 (1991): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2151783.

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42

Soh, Byungkuk. "United States Response to the 1973 Democratic Uprising in Thailand." International Area Review 12, no. 3 (December 2009): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590901200313.

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43

PRUSA, THOMAS J., and EDWIN VERMULST. "United States – Anti-Dumping Measures on Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags from Thailand: a cat in the bag." World Trade Review 11, no. 2 (April 2012): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745612000018.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes the dispute between Thailand and the United States regarding the method of calculating the anti-dumping duty on polyethylene retail carrier bags from Thailand. In December 2006, after a series of WTO Appellate Body reports, the United States ceased zeroing in original investigations. The United States implemented the policy change prospectively, that is only for future cases. Consequently, the margins in this case remained unchanged because they had been calculated in 2004. Thailand challenged the United States' use of zeroing in the final determination. The US did not contest the claim. The Panel confirmed that zeroing was used and, following the long line of Appellate Body rulings, found the United States' practice inconsistent with Article 2.4.2 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement. After the Panel Report was adopted, the United States retroactively applied the policy change to the facts of this case and recalculated the margins without zeroing. The relative simplicity of the panel proceeding and the United States' willingness to amend the calculations following the adoption of the Panel Report may invite other WTO members to pursue a similar course of action in instances where their exporters have been subjected to US zeroing.
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44

Rafael, Vicente L. "Colonial Domesticity: White Women and United States Rule in the Philippines." American Literature 67, no. 4 (December 1995): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927890.

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45

Hughes, Phillip. "Religion among Young People in Australia, Thailand and the United States." Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jasr.v27i1.56.

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Seefeldt, C., and S. R. Keawkungwal. "Children's Attitudes Toward the Elderly in Thailand and the United States." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 26, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1985): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071528502600308.

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47

Croucher, Stephen Michael. "The Difference in Verbal Aggressiveness Between the United States and Thailand." Communication Research Reports 30, no. 3 (July 2013): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2013.806255.

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TAMAYO, ADRIAN M. "ASEAN Trade Integration 2015." IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (November 27, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.7718/ijss.v7i1.608.

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The creation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was to form a trade bloc that could compete in the world economies. The ASEAN integration on 2015 is also seen as externally influenced. This study aimed to determine the predictive relationship between and among the ASEAN countries, and the ASEAN countries with the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) countries such as Australia, China, United States, Japan and New Zealand. The study employed the vector autoregression (VAR) to determine the predictive relationship of the ASEAN with the free trade countries. Indonesia had a predictive relationship with Japan and Laos. Malaysia had predictive relationship with Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Japan, Indonesia. Meanwhile, Philippines had predictive relationships with Vietnam, Japan, China, Australia and United States. Singapore showed predictive relationship with Laos, New Zealand, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, United States and Vietnam. The economy of Thailand was found to show predictive economic relationship with Australia and a strong economic relationship with Japan, Laos, New Zealand. While Vietnam maintained predictive relationship with New Zealand, Philippines, United States, Australia, Japan, and Philippines. Laos, on the other hand, was influenced by Indonesia, New Zealand, Japan, Thailand and United States. In conclusion, the success of the trade integration of ASEAN also depends on other non-ASEAN countries.Keywords: Economics, trade integration, vector autoregression (VAR), descriptive-correlational design, Philippines
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 18, no. 06 (June 2014): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021903031400038x.

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JAPAN – New broad strain anti-influenza macrocyclic peptide therapeutic developed. LAOS – bioCSL supports public health efforts in Laos with donation of more than 700,000 doses of seasonal influenza vaccine. SINGAPORE – New NUS spin-off company to reduce cancer death and disease burden through real time cancer diagnosis. THAILAND – Bats protect rice fields against pests. THE PHILIPPINES – Hotter nights may cause rice yields to fall. THE PHILIPPINES – Study suggests shift in strategy on pneumonia vaccinations. BANGLADESH – Mutant bird flu worries Bangladeshi scientists. EUROPE – Novel strategy to molecular anticancer therapy. SRI LANKA – Evolving dengue strains plague Sri Lanka. UNITED STATES – Gene sequencing project discovers mutations tied to deadly brain tumors in young children. UNITED STATES – Laboratory-grown vaginas implanted in patients. UNITED STATES – Stem cells in circulating blood affect cardiovascular health. UNITED STATES – New point of attack on HIV for vaccine development. UNITED STATES – GAIM-changing molecules to combat Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders discovered. UNITED STATES – Breath analysis offers non-invasive method to detect early lung cancer. UNITED STATES – Researchers discover new genetic brain disorder in humans.
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 18, no. 11 (November 2014): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030314000755.

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INDIA – Ozone eating away Indian crop yields. INDIA – Polio shots better than oral drops, says study. JAPAN – Natural protein in rice helps keep arsenic out in grains. THE PHILIPPINES – Philippines adopts inactivated polio vaccine strategy. SINGAPORE – A*STAR's Institute of Microelectronics and Singapore Biomicro to develop a first-of-its-kind, implantable wireless blood glucose monitoring sensor device. THAILAND – Ebola-affected countries face new threat: food crisis. THAILAND – Fending off dengue with insecticide-treated uniforms. AFRICA – New test to combat major cause of preventable blindness in Africa. BANGLADESH – Arsenic linked to lung cancer in Bangladesh. EUROPE – Human-milk-oligosaccharides can protect against noroviruses. UNITED STATES – Researchers discover possible cause of common dementia. UNITED STATES – Improved mouse model may accelerate research on potential Ebola vaccines and treatments. UNITED STATES – New device yields close-up look at metastasis. UNITED STATES – Scientists research ways to use an organism's own pathway to synthesize potential therapeutics. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS – Quality issues in herbal medicine clinical trials.
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