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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Unity in diversity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Unity in diversity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Chaturvedi, Sanjay. ""Indian" geopolitics: Unity in diversity or diversity of unity?" Ekistics and The New Habitat 70, no. 422/423 (2003): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200370422/423260.

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The author, a Leverhulme Fellow of the University of Cambridge , England, is the Chairman of the Department of Political Science and the Co-ordinator of the Centre for the Study of Geopolitics, Panjab University, Chandigarh. His research interest is the theory and practices of geopolitics, with special reference to polar regions, the Indian Ocean and South Asia. He is the author of Polar Regions: A Political Geography (Wiley, 1996) and co-editor of the forthcoming Rethinking Boundaries: Geopolitics, Identities and Sustainability (Delhi, Manohar). He has contributed articles to several refereed journals including Third World Quarterly, Journal of Social and Economic Geography, and Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. More recently, he has been a Fellow at Columbia University Institute for Scholars, Reid Hall, and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris, under the International Programme of Advanced Studies (IPAS), researching on the role of "excessive" geopolitics in the partition of British India. Dr Chaturvedi serves on the international editorial board of Geopolitics, a journal published by Frank Cass, London.

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Gore, M. S. "Unity in Diversity." Social Scientist 24, no. 1/3 (1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3520117.

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Neeraj, Dr. "Unity in Diversity." REVIEW JOURNAL PHILOSOPHY & SOCIAL SCIENCE 45, no. 01 (2020): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31995/rjpss.2020.v45i01.016.

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Tiwari, S. C. "Unity in Diversity." Addiction Research 8, no. 5 (2000): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066350009005593.

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Gandolfo, K. Luisa. "Unity in Diversity." American Journal of Islam and Society 25, no. 3 (2008): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v25i3.1460.

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The field of conflict resolution has rarely been tested so frequently as in theMiddle East. Since 1948, internecine conflict has flared in Israel/Palestine,Lebanon, and Iraq, with neighboring states sustaining the consequences ofthe tensions.Applying interfaith dialogue (IFD) as ameans to promote peacefulrelations is thus, by its very nature, fraught with controversy and uncertainty.Yet this unique approach draws on peace-building mechanisms thatbear such religious nuances as reconciliation, mercy, and forgiveness. Byeschewing secular concepts for religious resources, IFD provides a pointfrom which individuals can transcend the religious divide in search of furtherunderstanding and peace.Accordingly, following the activities of IFD organizationsin Israel/Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, and Lebanon is a complex undertakingfor the authors of Unity in Diversity. Having previously addressedNonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam: Theory and Practice (UniversityPress of Florida: 2003) and Dialogue, Conflict Resolution, and Change:Arab-Jewish Encounters in Israel (State University of New York Press:1999), Abu-Nimer, an associate professor with the International Peace andConflict Resolution Program, lends a revealing insight into faith-based resolution.Alongside Khoury and Welty, this book introduces IDF and analyzesits application, limitations, and recommendations.Opening with an overview of the “Potentials and Challenges in InterfaithDialogue in the Middle East” in chapter 1, the authors proceed to elucidatethe book’s themes in chapter 2: “Basic Concepts and Approaches.” Inwith pdfFactory ...

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Sachedina, Abdul Aziz. "Unity through diversity." American Journal of Islam and Society 5, no. 1 (1988): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v5i1.2880.

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Islam: Faith, Submission and ActionIslam emerged as a moral challenge to humanity to respond to the callof the faith and create an ethically just public order that would reflect the‘active submission’ (the term, Islam signifies this sense) to the Divine Will.Accordingly, creation of the just public order was viewed as the directconsequence of faith in the Islamic revelation where mere profession of faithwithout moral and religious commitment to create an Islamic order wasconsidered hypocritical. In fact, the Qur’an views faith ('Iman) as generatingmoral social behavior which ought to be translated in the creation of a morallyjust order on earth. Consequently, the term Islam should never be definedas mere ‘submission’ without the understanding that the necessary consequenceof that ‘submission’ results in the transformance of the individual into a‘righteous’ person, and the society into an ideal public order.The Qur’an, however, also took note of the weaknesses in human natureand prescribed solutions for humanity to rise above these mostly self-cultivatedweaknesses when confronted by ‘glitterings’ of the worldly, material life. TheQur’anic prescription consisted of creating a system whereby humanity, havingresponded to the Divine call, was thus held responsible in two areas of itsrelationship. First, in the area of its relationship to Allah (SWT) by virtueof being created by Him; and, second, in the area of interpersonal relationshipby virtue of its composition of individual human beings.In the first area, where religious prescriptions directed the human lifetowards an existence of devotion and commitment, the purpose of Divineguidance was to endow humanity with volition and cognition to realize thenecessity of showing gratitude to the Creator. It, therefore, proceeded withan exercise of choice, even when the faith was declared as a Divine gift.The reason was that humanity could not be held responsible for ignoringthe call of the faith if there was compulsion involved in the initial offer offaith. After all, becoming a faithful person, according to the Qur‘an, is to ...

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Ulltsiferov, O. G. "Unity in Diversity." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(24) (June 28, 2012): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-3-24-80-87.

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Krokus, Christian S. "Unity in Diversity." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 20, no. 2 (2010): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice201020226.

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Varden, Helga. "Diversity and Unity." Archiv für Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 94, no. 1 (2008): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/arsp-2008-0001.

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Fieldsend, David. "Unity in Diversity." Human Reproduction & Genetic Ethics 17, no. 2 (2011): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/hrge.v17i2.222.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Nacif, Mauricio. "Unity from diversity /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11972.

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Pachoumi, Eleni. "The Greek magical papyri : diversity and unity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1133.

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This thesis investigates the notion of diversity and unity, in the Greek Magical Papyri through a careful and detailed analysis of the ritual actions and spells. The issue of diversity and unity is examined in the manifold religious identities and identifications of the gods and deities in the PGM. The idea of diversity and unity is also examined in the various relationships described in the spells; the relationship of the individual to the divine in the concept of Ttäpcb. eoc; the relationship between the nd peb pos and the divine; the relationship between the individual and his/her personal daimon; and finally the erotic relationships of individuals. The aim of this thesis is to uncover the underlying philosophical, mainly Neo- Platonic, and mystical parallelisms and influences on the spells. I aim to show that the philosophical notion of diversity, plurality, and unity may apply to the religious identifications of the gods, thereby revealing significant religious tendencies. My intention is also to prove that the concept of diversity and unity may also apply to the various relationships described and developed in the PGM texts, between the humans and the divine, or between the various forms of divine, or in the most intimate human relationships, the erotic and sexual relationships, or even between humans and their inner selves. The common factor in all these relationships is unity in a strong mystical and philosophical sense.

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Schulz, Michael E. "Unity within diversity: social effects on project efficacy." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17822.

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Submitted by Daniele Santos (danielesantos.htl@gmail.com) on 2017-01-18T19:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Michael Schulz_Final.docx: 788973 bytes, checksum: de2b96c0afbdf7c4c12d9d5090857d66 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-24T16:29:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Michael Schulz_Final.docx: 788973 bytes, checksum: de2b96c0afbdf7c4c12d9d5090857d66 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T16:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michael Schulz_Final.docx: 788973 bytes, checksum: de2b96c0afbdf7c4c12d9d5090857d66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-08<br>We describe a performance gap in project management standards and pose the question, 'What is the best methodology for addressing this gap?' The purpose of our exploration is to measure the relationship between social factors and project performance as a function of two variables; unity and diversity. The general objective is to define the gap through the lens of our philosophical worldview and apply a methodology for measuring it. In so doing, we seek to raise awareness of the importance of a projects social performance as a success criteria. Using a theoretical social health model as our tool, we quantify the social performance potential of a case study project environment as a numeric measurement. Ethnography and a mixed method approach focus attention on context and its synthesis of findings. Findings identify improvements in people processes which can be applied to the practices and procedures of global practitioners. Specifically, we refer to social engineering improvements in the planning, executing, and monitoring processes. Our analysis of the model’s output was largely supportive of the performance findings of the case study environment. However, it revealed some technical flaws in the models structure requiring improvement. First, refinements are needed to account for imbalances in individual nodal weights based on systemic failures, which put performance potential at risk. Second, our measurement of performance potential challenges the traditional criteria of project success. Based on the findings, we describe a scenario where social design may well be incompatible with the widely accepted definition of project success. We must then consider what is more costly. Changing an organizations culture, or redefining success according to the performance potential of the organization encountered.

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Wagner, Andreas. "Unity in diversity : integrating differing linguistic data in TUSNELDA." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/862/.

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This paper describes the creation and preparation of TUSNELDA, a collection of corpus data built for linguistic research. <br>This collection contains a number of linguistically annotated corpora which differ in various aspects such as language, text sorts / data types, encoded annotation levels, and linguistic theories underlying the annotation. <br>The paper focuses on this variation on the one hand and the way how these heterogeneous data are integrated into one resource on the other hand.

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Kang, Hyejin. "Unity within diversity in Leo Sowerby's solo organ works /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9983126.

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Martin, Kylie. "Unity in diversity or diversity in unity? : an explorative study of the Javanese language and cultural influence within the Indonesian language, and its impact of the diversity of indigenous languages /." Title page, contents and preface only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm3811.pdf.

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Brage, Mattias. "EU, "Unity in diversity" eller en klubb för privilegierade medlemmar?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6400.

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<p>The primary purpose of this thesis is to investigate the operation of membership criteria, which are applied against countries that wish to join the European Union (EU). More specifically, the importance of some criteria in comparison to others is considered. To answer this proposal, three questions are posed: What are the EU membership criteria? Are some criteria more important than other criteria? Does the EU treat candidate countries differently in applying the membership criteria? Three countries are used in this analysis, each country representing one recent enlargement round: Poland (2004), Romania (2007), and current candidate country Turkey. Both official documents, such as EU treaties, and unofficial documents such as statements from EU leaders are used to analyze the application of membership criteria. The method that is used in this thesis is idea analysis. The EU has both official criteria, which are found in the foundation treaties, and unofficial criteria, which are the public and political opinions among the candidate countries and current EU member states. It is suggested that none of the criteria are more important than others; a candidate country must fulfill virtually all the official and unofficial criteria in order to gain EU membership. Although all criteria must be met, the application of the criteria is uneven between candidate countries. The EU does not treat countries differently when it comes to the official criteria. However, when it comes to the unofficial criteria, Turkey is treated differently from Romania and Poland. There is greater resistance to Turkey’s future membership, making it much more difficult for Turkey to reach the stage of full EU membership.</p>

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Rayment, Erica. "United in difference: overcoming the impasse between unity and diversity." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92305.

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This thesis is concerned with the tension between unity and difference in contemporary political theory. It argues that this tension can be resolved by understanding unity and difference in their political and institutional context rather than in isolated abstraction. The first section examines some existing responses to the challenge of diversity, and suggests that the incompatibility of unity and difference is grounded in a misconception of how we should approach and understand each of the concepts. The second section seeks to ground the compatibility of unity and difference in a diverse and inclusive communicative public sphere. Unity, conceived as the product of political cooperation, in fact relies upon engagement with difference, understood as fluid and relational. The third section shows how the compatibility between unity and diversity proposed in the second chapter can ground alternate institutional and policy opportunities for the integration and accommodation of religious minorities, looking at the examples of France, the Netherlands and Quebec.<br>Ce mémoire traite la tension entre l'unité et la diversité dans la théorie politique contemporaine. Elle postule qu'une résolution à cette tension peut être atteinte si l'on considère l'unité et la différence dans leur contexte politique et institutionnel, et non dans une abstraction isolée. La première section examine des réponses au défi posé par la diversité et suggère que l'incompatibilité entre l'unité et la différence est fondée dans une mécompréhension de comment on devrait approcher et considérer chacun des concepts. La deuxième section cherche à fonder la compatibilité de l'unité et la différence dans une sphère publique inclusive, communicative et hétérogène. L'unité, conçue comme produit de la coopération politique, dépend sur la participation avec la différence, conçue comme étant fluide et relationnelle. La troisième section indique comment la compatibilité entre l'unité et la différence développée dans le deuxième chapitre peut créer des opportunités institutionnelles et politiques alternatives pour l'intégration et l'accommodement des minorités religieuses, examinant les exemples de la France, des Pays Bas et du Québec.

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Cruttenden, Aidan. "Linguistic unity and diversity in the mid-nineteenth century novel." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385232.

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Reimer, Andy. "Divine healing rites in the New Testament diversity and unity /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Benoit, Bazoge, and Paquet Gilles 1936-, eds. Administration : unity and diversity =: L'administration : unité et diversité. University of Ottawa Press = Éditions de l'Université d'Ottawa, 1986.

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McLean, George F. Diversity and unity. Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2015.

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Unity in diversity. University Press of America, 1991.

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Pinkster, Harm, and Inge Genee, eds. Unity in Diversity. DE GRUYTER, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110847420.

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Paṭela, Gautama Vā. Hinduism: Unity in diversity. Nilam G. Patel, 2009.

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Paṭela, Gautama Vā. Hinduism: Unity in diversity. Nilam G. Patel, 2009.

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Ecumenism: Unity in diversity. Dharmaram Publications, 2006.

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Paṭela, Gautama Vā. Hinduism: Unity in diversity. Nilam G. Patel, 2009.

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Kumar, T. K. Suman. India: Unity in diversity. Anmol Publications, 1992.

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Puay, Tang, ed. Canada, unity in diversity. Foreign Policy Association, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Rašticová, Martina. "Unity in Diversity." In Personalmanagement. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15170-6_13.

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Saich, Tony. "Diversity within Unity." In Governance and Politics of China. Macmillan Education UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26786-3_2.

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Porter, Roy. "Unity or Diversity?" In The Enlightenment. Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09885-9_6.

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Bartholomew, David J. "Unity and Diversity." In Unobserved Variables. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39912-1_13.

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Saich, Tony. "Diversity within Unity." In Governance and Politics of China. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-44530-8_1.

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Porter, Roy. "Unity or Diversity?" In The Enlightenment. Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09800-9_6.

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Mount, Guy Emerson. "Unity in Diversity." In The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429027772-24.

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Chesebro, James W. "Unity in Diversity." In The Handbook of Global Interventions in Communication Theory. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003043348-5.

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Williams, Glyn, and Gruffudd Williams. "Unity in Diversity." In Language, Hegemony and the European Union. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33416-5_9.

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Spencer, Vicki A. "Unity and diversity." In The Emergence of Relativism. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203702475-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Kuutti, Kari, and Liam J. Bannon. "Searching for unity among diversity." In the SIGCHI conference. ACM Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/169059.169206.

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Klir, George J. "Diversity and unity of uncertainty theories." In 2008 4th International IEEE Conference "Intelligent Systems" (IS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/is.2008.4670393.

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Shuttleworth, Judy. "Unity and Diversity in a London Mosque." In Debating Multiculturalism 2. Dialogue Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/irev2150.

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Matsyupa, Ksenia V. "Legalese Or Lawspeak – Diversity Within The Unity." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.68.

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Bitkeeva, Aysa N. "Language Unity And Language Diversity In The Russian Federation." In The Russian Language in Modern Scientific and Educational Environment. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.62.

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Ziyatdinova, Julia, Olga Oleynikova, and Elvira Valeeva. "Engaging Engineering Students in Cultural Diversity and Unity Studies." In 2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon45650.2020.9125305.

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Akaev, Vakhit. "Ethnocultural Diversity Of Peoples Of Caucasus And Ways To Strengthen Social Unity." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.5.

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"UNITY IN DIVERSITY: DISCOVERING TOPICS FROM WORDS - Information Theoretic Co-clustering for Visual Categorization." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003861206280633.

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Khoo, Wei Ming, and Pietro Lio. "Unity in Diversity: Phylogenetic-inspired Techniques for Reverse Engineering and Detection of Malware Families." In 2011 First SysSec Workshop. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/syssec.2011.24.

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Soelistyarini, Titien Diah, Retno Wulandari Setyaningsih, and Nurul Fitri Hapsari. "No More Hoax (Model of media literacy education for maintaining ‘unity in diversity’ in Indonesia)." In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLITE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icollite-18.2019.9.

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Reports on the topic "Unity in diversity"

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Athukorala, Prema-chandra, and Wanissa Suanin. Savings transition in Asia: Unity in diversity. UNU-WIDER, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2022/305-5.

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Bazzi, Samuel, Arya Gaduh, Alexander Rothenberg, and Maisy Wong. Unity in Diversity? How Intergroup Contact Can Foster Nation Building. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25683.

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Scott, Frances K. Unity and Diversity in America: Tradition and Change in the 21st Century. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400835.

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Wilson, M. L. Lateral diversion in the PTn unit: capillary-barrier analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/200678.

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Costa, Dora, and Matthew Kahn. Forging a New Identity: The Costs and Benefits of Diversity in Civil War Combat Units for Black Slaves and Freemen. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11013.

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WIERSMA, BRUCE. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION FOR THE TRANSFER LINES AND UNIT OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECYCLE DIVERSION PROCESS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1805219.

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McDowell Peek, Katie, Blair Tormey, Holli Thompson, Allan Ellsworth, and Cat Hawkins Hoffman. Climate change vulnerability assessments in the National Park Service: An integrated review for infrastructure, natural resources, and cultural resources. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293650.

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Climate changes are affecting virtually all National Park Service units and resources, and an assessment of climate vulnerabilities is important for developing proactive management plans to respond appropriately to these changes and threats. Vulnerability assessments typically evaluate exposure and sensitivity of the assessment targets and evaluate adaptive capacity for living resources. Chapters in this report review and evaluate climate vulnerability assessments of National Park Service units and resources including infrastructure, natural resources, and cultural resources. Striking results were the diversity of approaches to conducting vulnerability assessments, the small number of vulnerability assessments for National Park Service cultural resources, and the large differences in the “state of the science” of conducting assessments among the three resource groups. Vulnerability assessment methodologies are well established for evaluating infrastructure and natural resources, albeit with very different techniques, but far less is known or available for designing and/or conducting cultural resources assessments. Challenges consistently identified in the vulnerability assessments, or the chapters were: Limited capacity of park staff to fully engage in the design and/or execution of the vulnerability assessments. Most park staff are fully engaged in on-going duties. Inconsistent use of terms, definitions, and protocols, sometimes resulting in confusion or inefficiencies. Discovering and acquiring National Park Service vulnerability assessments because results were inconsistently archived. Aligning results with park needs due to differences in level of detail, scope, and/or resolution, or format(s) for reporting results. Best practices and recommendations identified in multiple chapters were: Ensure that vulnerability assessments are designed to match parks’ needs, and that results are reported in ways that inform identified management decisions. Prioritize resources to be thoroughly assessed so effort is directed to the most important threats and resources. Evaluate all components of vulnerability (not just exposure). Explicitly and systematically address uncertainty, recognizing the range of climate projections and our understanding of potential responses. Identify and, where possible, focus on key vulnerabilities that most threaten conservation or management goals. Embrace partnerships and engage others with necessary expertise. Good vulnerability assessments usually require expertise in a broad range of subject areas.

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Altman, Safra, R. Harris, S. McKay, Michael Kjelland, and Todd Swannack. Oyster reef connectivity : ecological benefits and associated vulnerabilities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45020.

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Global oyster abundance has declined ~85 % over the past 200 years, primarily because of overharvesting (Beck, Brumbaugh, and Airoldi 2011; Kirby 2004). Healthy oyster reef systems benefit the environment in many ways, including water-quality improvement, shoreline protection, increased biological and habitat diversity, and carbon sequestration. To maintain these environmental benefits, reef-restoration efforts that produce healthy, sustainable oyster reefs are essential. To this end, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has been involved in reef-restoration projects in many locations, including extensive efforts in the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia, Maryland), coastal regions of New York and New Jersey, and the Gulf of Mexico. There are many benefits to creating and maintaining oyster reef systems that are well connected, for both oysters and other organisms within the reef and surrounding habitats. This technical note presents the current knowledge of benefits and costs to restore oyster-reef connectivity along the East and Gulf Coasts of North America. Connectivity of oyster reefs can refer to the physical location of reefs with respect to one another as well as to the dynamics of the genetic links within a metapopulation or to the extent to which larval transport and recruitment unite reef communities. For the purposes of this technical note, connectivity is defined as the spatial aggregation of reefs, though we address impacts of genetic and larval flow as well. Reef connectivity positively affects many ecosystem services and dynamics but can also have unintended consequences (that is, negative externalities). This technical note reviews the benefits and costs of increasing connectivity and presents a brief example of how trade-offs may occur between these potentially opposing ecological objectives. Here, we focus on the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, which inhabits the East and Gulf Coasts of North America, though many of the concepts and principles discussed may apply to other oyster species as well.

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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.

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Geochemistry of soils and shallow ground water, with emphasis on arsenic and selenium, in part of the Garrison Diversion Unit, North Dakota, 1985-87. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri894104.

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