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Leuthold, Florian U. "Economic Engineering Modeling of Liberalized Electricity Markets: Approaches, Algorithms, and Applications in a European Context." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26135.
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This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.
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Harrison, Robert Vaughan. "Winston Churchill and European integration." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=129201.
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Steinhaus, Kathryn. "Valkyrie: gender, class, European relations and unity Mitford's passion for fascism." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107709.
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The English fascist and friend of Hitler, Unity Mitford, remains a controversial figure. She embodies the key social and political conflicts of the 1930s. There is considerable popular fascination with her life, yet Mitford's unique access to leaders and events of Britain and Nazi Germany makes her relevant to academic scholarship on interwar Europe. Her bizarre relationship with Adolf Hitler, the sensational media coverage of her story, and her desire to leave Britain in order to support Nazism from within Germany make Unity Mitford a fascinating lens through which to learn about gender, class, relations between European countries, and the appeal of fascism in the years before the Second World War. Her rebellions illuminate the normative values she rejected. Popular biographies and moralizing media hype are nonetheless the only texts to examine Mitford thus far. This dissertation will provide the first academic evaluation of Mitford's experience. Using feminist theory to dissect her public image as the prototype "groupie" and microhistorical methodology to move beyond biographical format, British and German sources will be integrated for the first time to provide a new contribution to understanding fascism and interwar Europe.La fasciste anglaise et amie de Hitler, Unity Mitford, demeure un personnage controversé. Elle incarne les principaux conflits sociopolitiques des années 1930. Bien qu'il existe une fascination populaire considérable envers ce que fut la vie de Mitford, l'accès privilégié dont elle a joui auprès des dirigeants de la Grande-Bretagne et de l'Allemagne nazie, ainsi que lors d'événements marquants de l'époque, en font un sujet pertinent de recherche sur l'Europe de l'entre-deux-guerres qui mérite une étude plus approfondie. Sa relation bizarre avec Adolf Hitler, la couverture médiatique sensationnelle de son histoire et son désir de quitter la Grande-Bretagne afin de soutenir le nazisme au sein même de l'Allemagne font de Unity Mitford une lentille fascinante à travers laquelle examiner les genres, les classes humaines, les relations entre les pays européens et l'attrait exercé par le fascisme au cours des années qui ont précédé la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ses révoltes mettent en lumière les valeurs normatives qu'elle a rejetées. Jusqu'à présent, biographies populaires et battage médiatique moralisateur ne constituent néanmoins que les seuls écrits dont Mitford a été l'objet. Le présent mémoire va fournir la toute première évaluation universitaire de l'expérience de Mitford. En mettant à contribution la théorie féministe pour disséquer l'image publique de cette femme en tant que prototype « groupie », d'une part, et la méthodologie microhistorique pour aller au-delà du genre biographique, d'autre part, pour la première fois des sources britanniques et allemandes y sont intégrées en guise de contribution nouvelle pour comprendre le fascisme et l'Europe de l'entre-deux-guerres.
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Kuznetsov, A. Yu, and V. A. Chernienko. "Marginality in the context of European integration." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21688.
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Lewis, David Charles. "European unity and the discourse of collaboration, France and francophone Belgium, 1938-1945." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27797.pdf.
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Stamm, Julia. "Unity in diversity? the European parliament and its elite after the 2004 enlargement." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2006. http://d-nb.info/98763545X/04.
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Stacpoole, A. J. "The ARCIC agreed statement on 'ministry and ordination' in the context of Canterbury-Rome relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371759.
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Lim, Paul Chang-Ha. "In pursuit of unity, purity, and liberty : Richard Baxter's Puritan ecclesiology in context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272318.
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Kayser, Robin. "Land and liberty : the Non-European Unity Movement and the land question, 1933-1976." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13448.
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Include bibliographical references.This dissertation examines the political practice of the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM) in the South African countryside during the latter half of the Twentieth Century. It demonstrates that the NEUM was the only liberation movement in South Africa which maintained that the land question was one of the most fundamental questions confronting the liberatory struggle in South Africa. It shows how the NEUM acted on their belief that the acute land-hunger experienced by the majority of the population in South Africa would be the mobilising force for a revolutionary overthrow of the existing political, social and economic order in South Africa This dissertation argues that the NEUM was the only liberation movement to consistently assign importance to the political organisation of what it termed the "landless peasantry" in the African reserves. Through a series of case studies this dissertation charts the trajectory of the NEUM's political work in the South African countryside from the early 1940s until the early 1970s. In so doing the dissertation also challenges the established historiography whic maintains that the NEUM shied away from popular struggles and did not develop into an organisation rooted among the population. The study commences with outlining the historical roots and ideological foundation of the NEUM. The bulk of the dissertation examines the practical implementation of the NEUM's political strategy in the countryside. It shows that between 1945 and the early 1960s the African reserves were seething with political ferment as rural dwellers resisted the implementation of numerous oppressive laws and regulations. Through supporting and attempting to provide direction to reserve dwellers in their struggles, the NEUM cadres gained a peasant following. By the early 1960s the NEUM laid claim to have captured the support of several numerically significant peasant organisations that emerged out of the struggles in the reserves. The final chapters of the dissertation argue that South Africa entered a "pre-revolutionary phase" in the early 1960s. They suggest that had the NEUM succeeded in gaining the necessary support in Africa to launch an armed campaign, the outcome of the liberatory struggle in South Africa may well have been fundamentally different. These chapters examine the changes in political strategy adopted by the NEUM in the early 1960s and the rapid growth of the African Peoples' Democratic Union of Southern Africa (a new national political organisation launched by the NEUM in 1961) among rural dwellers and migrant workers.
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Zahn, Rebecca Lisa. "German and British labour law in a European context following European Union enlargement." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5623.
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This thesis examines and compares German and British trade union responses in a European context following the recent European enlargements which are unprecedented in the history of the European Union. In terms of labour law, a majority of the ten Central and Eastern European countries which acceded in 2004 and 2007 combine weak domestic labour protection systems with a high proportion of workers and enterprises keen to take advantage of their free movement rights under the European Treaty. This has created a climate of fear amongst workers and trade unions in old Member States that their economic and social position is being threatened by those workers and enterprises who may avail themselves of their rights under the Treaty in order to engage in ‘social dumping’. Historically, the European Union has sought to counteract these fears by ‘europeanising’ certain aspects of national legal systems in order to alleviate competition. However, the ‘europeanisation’ of different labour law systems has always proved problematic due to the socio-cultural context within which national labour laws have developed. Following the recent European enlargements, the debate on the role of the EU in ‘europeanising’ national social and legal practices has been revived. In particular, European enlargement has thrown up changed regulatory and opportunity structures for the social partners. These structural changes at a European level have occurred primarily as a consequence of an increase in the free movement of workers, services and establishment. Against this background, the purpose of this thesis is to undertake a comparison of the responses of German and British trade unions to the challenges posed by the recent European enlargements. A successful comparison and analysis of the responses of trade unions enables a determination of the impact that trade union responses may have on new Member State workers availing themselves of their free movement rights under the EU Treaty. There is an intense debate as to how, and if, social partners at a national and European level may be able to contribute to, or hinder, the protection of new Member State workers in Germany and the UK. Depending on how trade unions respond their contribution may be viewed as positive or negative. However, this thesis yields suggestions as to how trade unions could respond in order to facilitate the integration of new Member State workers into the host labour markets and proposes a new model for studying aspects of europeanisation.
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Teo, Wan Ching. "Privacy in the European Union data surveillance context." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77849/.
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This study asks: how has European Union (EU) law protected privacy in the context of data surveillance used by the EU to address terrorist threats? It argues that the manner in which privacy is protected has a profound impact on the interests that privacy serves to protect -importantly, having a private sphere free from intrusion where the individual can think, express, explore and act; interests that are crucial for human dignity, autonomy and the maintenance of a democratic society. It conceptualises the different notions of privacy derived from legal and philosophical theorists and underscores that privacy harm can result from intrusion into the private sphere. The study adopts De Hert and Gutwirth's view that privacy is an opacity tool, acting to shield the private sphere by prohibiting interference. Privacy is thus distinguished from data protection; the latter serving as a transparency tool to regulate power and manage interferences. The thesis outlines the legal framework for the protection of privacy in the EU, critically evaluating the influence of data protection frameworks. The study asserts that data surveillance threatens privacy because it intrudes into the private sphere of the individual, monitoring and tracking activities and communications in a systematic, indiscriminate manner. It uses two case studies of air passenger profiling and data retention to study how privacy has been protected. The central thesis is that the approach taken to protecting privacy in the EU data surveillance context has largely been framed through the prism of data protection. In view of the different goals that data protection serves, the study finds that a data protection approach to privacy's protection has led to the proceduralisation of privacy, legitimising and bureaucratising intrusions into the private sphere so long as data collected are adequately secured. The implications are that interferences with the private sphere are de facto legitimised and data surveillance accommodated.
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Bruening, Michael Wilson. "Bern, Geneva, or Rome? The struggle for religious conformity and confessional unity in early Reformation Switzerland." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280155.
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The Reformation in French-speaking Switzerland outside of Geneva has received relatively little attention from historians. Unlike the movement in Geneva, the Reformation in its neighboring lands progressed in a completely different manner and was ultimately imposed on the people by the magistrates of Bern. Before 1536, Protestant reformers such as Guillaume Farel and Pierre Viret hardly touched most areas of the Pays de Vaud, which was governed by the Catholic duke of Savoy. Instead, they concentrated their efforts on areas within the jurisdiction of or allied to Protestant Bern, where they met with strong resistance from the people. The reformers focused their attacks---in preaching, in print, and symbolically in acts of iconoclasm directed against church altars---on the Catholic mass. Very few parishes abolished the mass, however. The religious situation shifted dramatically in 1536, however, when Bern conquered Vaud in its war against Savoy. Due to widespread resistance to the Protestant preachers, Bern imposed the Reformed faith on all its subjects following the 1536 Lausanne Disputation. The "new religion" was opposed by many, particularly the former Catholic clergy, many of whom continued to celebrate Catholic ceremonies in secret while waiting for a final resolution by the promised general council. The nobles suddenly found themselves vassals of the "common man," the Bern city council, and were loath to institute religious changes on their lands. The commoners in Vaud continued to practice traditions, such as praying to the saints and observing Catholic feast days. The Bernese magistrates and the Calvinist ministers in Vaud recognized these problems but could not agree on how to fix them. The Bernese saw the Reformation as a long-term process and hoped eventually to effect change by their ordinances. The ministers, led by Pierre Viret and strongly influenced by John Calvin, believed that change was taking place too slowly and that meanwhile the "body of Christ" was being polluted by unworthy communicants taking the eucharist. They argued for the necessity of greater ecclesiastical discipline, including excommunication, and the dispute led to the banishment of Viret and his colleagues, who subsequently moved to Geneva.
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Di, Furia Sara. "Il Regno Unito e l'Europa attraverso "Britain and the European Unity" di John. W. Young." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12779/.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di avvicinare un ipotetico lettore italiano al libro di John W. Young Britain and the European Unity. Ho scelto questo libro perché a seguito di recenti fatti di politica internazionale, è nato in me un interesse per la storia del Regno Unito e l'integrazione europea. Dopo averlo letto, l’impressione positiva che mi ha lasciato mi ha portato a volerne tradurre una parte. In primo luogo, ho prodotto una panoramica della storia del Regno Unito e dell'integrazione europea allo scopo di presentare al lettore le vicende narrate nel libro. In seguito, ho tradotto una piccola parte del libro, quella che riguarda gli albori dell’integrazione europea del Regno Unito, e in fine ho analizzato il processo di traduzione, sottolineando eventuali difficoltà incontrate e spiegando le strategie traduttive adottate. La mia tesi si compone di cinque capitoli. Il primo presenta brevemente l'autore e il libro, il secondo e il terzo capitolo coprono il contesto storico descritto nel libro, il quarto consiste nella traduzione di un estratto dal primo capitolo del libro, e, infine, il quinto è dedicato all’analisi e al commento delle strategie di traduzione adottate durante la traduzione. In appendice sono presenti il testo originale, ed un piccolo elenco delle abbreviazioni usate nel secondo e terzo capitolo.
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Walters, Albert Sundararaj. "Contemporary presentations of the Trinity in an Islamic context : a Malaysian case study." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368798.
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Demirci, Bengi. "The Principle Of Subsidiarity In The European Union Context." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1074673/index.pdf.
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In this study, the attitude of the European Union towards the Principle of Subsidiarity and the way it utilizes this principle is analyzed. Besides putting forward the fundamental principles of subsidiarity within the historical framework that it has evolved through, the factors that made the Union adopt subsidiarity and the attitude of the Community institutions towards this principle are examined. In this regard, the role that the principle of subsidiarity has played in the European integration process so far and those that it may play in the future formation of the Union is discussed.
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Ozgur, Asuman. "Pension Reform: The Turkish Case In The European Context." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610055/index.pdf.
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Since 1990s, there was increasing evidence that pension systems have been restructured across Europe and in Turkey. This thesis aims to analyse the outcomes of the pension reform in Turkey in the light of the pension reforms, realized in the European countries. Theoretically, the thesis also attempts to reevaluate institutionalist approach that is dominant approach within the study of pension systems.
The main argument of the thesis is that pension systems both across Europe and in Turkey have been restructured since 1990s in accordance with the neo-liberal policies. In both contexts, it is underlined that the target of the reform is to privatize and individualize the pension systems. Change from PAYGO to funded scheme, shift towards multi-tiered model, reduction of the scope and coverage of public pension scheme and shifting of risks from public to individuals form the common characteristics of pension reforms across Europe and in Turkey.
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Bledsoe, Kenneth M. Marks Gary. "The uniqueness of environmental policy in the European context." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1287.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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MacLeod, John Alasdair. "Fraud and voidable transfer : Scots law in European context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9586.
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This thesis examines fraud as a basis for the voidability of transfers in Scots law. In particular, it focuses on misrepresentation and fraud on creditors. In so doing, an attempt is made to provide a principled account of the effect of fraud on transfer which can explain the well-established rules in this area, show how these rules fit within the broader framework of private law and provide some guidance as to the appropriate result in cases where a rule is not clearly established. This account depends on examining the development of the law from a historical and comparative perspective, with particular emphasis on the periods during which the relevant rules and institutions were being developed or received in Scotland and on the links between this process and the wider ius commune tradition. The central contention is that avoidance of a transfer on the basis of fraud is justified by a personal right held by the party at whose instance the avoidance takes place. In the core cases, this personal right is a right to reparation for a wrong for which the transferee is liable. At the periphery, the personal right may arise from the law of unjustified enrichment rather than from the law of delict. This characterisation of the basis of avoidance explains the protection afforded to subsequent acquirers and the limited effect which avoidance has in certain circumstances. It shows the interaction between the law of property and the law of obligations in this area and enables principles developed in the context of one instance of fraud on creditors to be applied to difficult problems in relation to other instances.
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Straboni, Charles A. "An empirical investigation of European-Japanese joint-venture management in the context of European integration." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302325.
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Andreeva, Galina. "Credit risk in the context of European integration : assessing the possibility of Pan-European scoring." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24620.
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Credit scoring is the collection of techniques used for risk assessment in consumer credit. Traditionally a credit scoring model is constructed to fit a specific credit portfolio when normally consists of residents of one country (customised models). But the political desire for further integration of the European Union into a single internal market opens the possibility for the lenders to compete across the national borders. Therefore the necessity arises to assess the risk of mixed heterogeneous population consisting of residents of several European countries. This thesis shows how a single generic model can be used to credit score the applicants for a revolving store card from three different European countries. First, the EU harmonisation process is reviewed with the aim to establish its likely impact on the credit scoring practice. In particular, the legal restrictions on the information used in credit scoring models are examined and the effect of such restrictions for both lenders and borrowers is investigated. The comparison of credit regulations is provided between the USA and the EU, and for the latter the differences in the national legislation of the EU member states are presented. Second, several generic models are developed using logistic regression and survival analysis and their predictive accuracy is benchmarked against the performance of equivalent national (customised) models. Whilst logistic regression is the most established approach in credit industry, survival analysis is a relatively new application that offers an advantage of predicting time to the event of interest and therefore, lays the foundation for estimating the applicant’s profitability. Predicting profitability requires estimates of both the probability of default and the likely usage of the store card. Whereas modelling default is the traditional task of credit scoring, estimation of usage is far less common. Time to the second purchase is considered as the measure of the card usage and dependencies in application and behavioural data are examined that can be used for predicting the customer’s future behaviour. Generic models are found to perform well across three countries under different modelling approaches and in different applications. In predicting default they are competitive with the national models, whilst in other applications generic models demonstrate marginally inferior results. However, harmonisation of the data available for the analysis is likely to further enhance the predictive power of generic models and expand the possible scope of their application.
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Möckli, Daniel. "European foreign policy during the Cold War : Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the dream of political unity /." London : I.B. Tauris, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9781845118068.
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Mongkolkiatsri, Sirichai. "Private international law context of defamation in the United Kingdom and the European Union context /." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26230.
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Zachos, Georgios. "Greek university libraries in the European context : a comparative evaluation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1994. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15661.
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The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive examination of university libraries in Greece seen in the European context. To this end, the thesis: i. discusses the context in which Greek university libraries have developed and the challenges they face; ii. examines the factors that affect their operation and development; iii. assesses their role in university education in supporting the informational, educational and research needs of the academic community; iv. compares their position with similar libraries in other member states of the European Union and in Scandinavia; v. suggests actions needed in order that university libraries in Greece should develop further and play their role better. In this study a standard model for university libraries is developed and performance indicators and methodologies which are proper for this model are used. University libraries are examined as open, dynamic, multi-goal seeking and purposeful systems. They consist of resources which are transformed into outputs for the benefit of their users. Inputs, outputs and outcomes can be measured in a greater or less accuracy but measurement itself is meaningful only if it is placed in some kind of context. University libraries operate within a given environment. They receive their inputs from this environment, and their outputs are used by people or other systems in the environment. They are also constrained by factors in this environment such as the social, economic, educational, technological, etc. In this study not only the performance indicators themselves but also the relationships between them that are indicative of performance were analysed. The main findings of the study are related to the environment within which Greek University Libraries operate, the organisational structures, and administrative practices applied, issues concerning staff and the way they affect library development, the provision of library material, the organisation of technical services, and the reader services that are provided. Library performance is assessed in a number of ways. The indicators produced and comparisons with the state of development of university libraries in other European countries show that Greek University libraries fall behind them in terms of almost all indicators used. It appears that Greek University libraries are weak in meeting the needs of their users in both education and research.
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Clegg, John Richard. "The Eastern European context of poetry in English after 1950." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9507/.
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This thesis investigates some developments in English poetry brought about by the rapid influx of translated work from Eastern and Central Europe (especially Poland, Hungary and former Yugoslavia) in the period following the Second World War. As well as providing models for many English poets at the level of technique and motif, this work served as catalyst in wider poetical and political debates, especially concerning literalism in translation, issues of persona arising from psuedo-translation, and propriety of response when dealing with atrocity. ‘How dare we now be anything but numb?’, asks Donald Davie in his ‘Rejoinder to a Critic’; examples from Eastern European poetry in translation have been one of the means through which certain modern poets have negotiated a tentative response to that question. The individual chapters of this thesis offer close readings of poets including Ted Hughes, Charles Simic, Tom Paulin, Donald Davie, and Patrick McGuinness, as well as in-depth analyses of two long poems, Ken Smith's Fox Running and Richard Berengarten's In a Time of Drought. The work of each poet is contextualised, drawing out latent Eastern European connotations and connections. Each close reading illuminates a particular broader issue: the turn to folklore and myth (in Smith and Berengarten), contested definitions of the surreal (in Simic), and the ‘right to speak’ on behalf of (or in the voice of) certain groups or on certain occasions (in Davie). Propriety of response and poetic responsibility are examined in a discussion of several English poets' treatment of the Bosnian war, while the chapter on Hughes explores literal translation and the mechanics of influence. Considering these poems in this context expands our sense of the period and of the poems themselves, as well as allowing us to posit a common source for several distinct features of postwar poetry.
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Carmody, Sarah L. "Called to Unity: Language Perfection, Propagation, and Practice in France, from Louis XIII to the Third Republic." Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/578.
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Thesis advisor: Virginia ReinburgThesis advisor: Paul Spagnoli
This investigation examines the impact of language in France from 1600 to 1900, with a particular focus on the relationship between linguistic developments and political, cultural, and social history. It traces the evolution of France from a polyglot kingdom into a linguistically-unified nation. This evolution began with the codification of written language, championed by the authorities who founded the French Academy. Written French struggled, through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, against a vast array of patois, regional languages, and sociolects. These created both social and geographical divides. The French Revolution marked a major (but unsuccessful) government effort to impose a national language, establishing a strong link between concepts of language and identity. Political efforts of francisation defined the nineteenth century; more importantly, social interest and dependence upon a standard idiom increased drastically. The French people adopted the national language voluntarily, integrating it firmly into their sense of identity. Even in the linguistically-exceptional region of Alsace-Lorraine, where residents rejected both French and German, local language became integral to identity. Though authorities perfected language from above, the people accepted it from below, shaping French notions of identity and creating, in effect, modern France
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
Discipline: Romance Languages and Literature
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Sykes, Olivier John. "Diversity and context dependency in European spatial planning : investigating the application of the European spatial development perspective." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417298.
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Peng, Dan Ni. "The EU-China trade relations in the context of economic globalization." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555591.
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Beh, Kok Hooi. "Unity in diversity? : identity, relationship and cultural context in the classic Mini and the BMW Mini communities." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/2419.
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When brand objects attract a number of consumers who exhibit strong loyalty to that object, and who communicate such loyalties with each other, brand communities form. Studies of such communities have hitherto focused on the individual relationships between their members in order to explain the dynamics driving such groups. This study aims to explore the wider universe in which such groups operate, and to establish the interconnecting relationships between the various actors associated with the brand object, including marketer-consumer, consumer-society and community-subculture. Positivist research methods are inappropriate to such a study, because of their basic assumption that people can be studied in the same manner as the physical world. Instead, the interpretivist paradigm has been used for this research, because the researcher believes that the meaning of brands can only be fully understood when the subjective experiences of those who use them are taken into consideration. A case study of the Mini brand community has been chosen as a vehicle for this study. The results are inductive rather than deductive, allowing theories of social phenomena to emerge from the data, thus ensuring that they are grounded in observation and experience. The case study method has also enabled the researcher to become fully involved in the phenomenon under investigation. Analysis was conducted on data collected from a wide range of online and offline sources relating to this community. This data revealed that marketers abandoned the Mini when production of the car ceased, leaving the brand community to maintain the remaining vehicles and perpetuate the meanings that surround the brand. Community members became solely responsible for preserving the values of “small-is-beautiful”, “fun” and “Britishness” with which the Mini has come to be associated. They maintained the cultural meanings of the Mini so successfully that the Mini’s successor, the BMW MINI, was able to reclaim these meanings to maximize its launch and development. In this way, brand meaning can be shown to be the result of a complex process of interaction between all the actors concerned at every level, rather than being created and sustained only by marketers. This study proposes a conceptual framework by which consumer behavior within brand communities can be studied, and which takes account of all those actors and levels concerned with creating the cultural meaning(s) attached to a given brand object.
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Eriksson, Amanda. "The development of Competitiveness - A theoretical approach in a European context." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9219.
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The aim of this paper is to theoretically establish a framework for the basics of international trade between countries creating competitiveness. Since the environment in which trade takes place is changeable so is the concept of competitiveness. It is therefore argued in the paper that in order to understand the underlying factors of competitiveness one have to understand the environment in which trade takes place in. Today the concept of competitiveness will therefore be better understood by employing an industrial perspective. This approach can answer questions, which national aggregate estimates cannot. The question asked in the paper is; which industries in Europe, based on the assumptions of international trade theories is competitive? The European industries that came out as competitive were the one using high-skilled labor and produced or used ICT intensively in their production. The question also provided some answers to the always up-do-day wonder namely, in which direction European competitiveness is heading.
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Akin, Ugur. "The Constitutional Treaty In The Context Of European Integration: An Assessment." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608073/index.pdf.
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This thesis takes up the mantle of studying the Constitutional Treaty in the context of European Integration. This work examines how constitutionalization affected the process of European integration in relation to the democratic legitimacy of the European Union. Albert O. Hirschman's Exit, Voice and Loyalty paradigm is used to assess and define the process of constitutionalization in the context of the supranational and intergovernmental tendencies of the European construct which birthed the democratic deficit in its foundational period. Special focus is allotted to the role of the European elites in drafting the Constitutional Treaty which was the culmination of their attempts to compensate for the foundational lack of democratic legitimacy. In order to make this assessment this thesis delineates the history of European integration. Furthermore, this work examines the European constitutional drive and evaluates the implications of the failed ratification process in correlation to the aforementioned issues. In conclusion this thesis maintains that the future feasibility of the constitutional project is directly related to the degree of democratic legitimacy achieved by the whole of the European Union.
31
Hutchinson, Nichola Jayne. "Ties that bind? : religion, solidarity and citizenship in the European context." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545694.
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Tsirogianni, Stavroula. "Social values in context : a study of the European knowledge society." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2066/.
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This thesis investigates how social values align with changing patterns of economic development, work and quality of life in the European knowledge society. Conceptually, the thesis draws upon Richard Florida's Theory of the Creative Class (2002) and Human Values Theory as developed by Shalom Schwartz (1992). The research combines different methodological approaches and is structured in three parts. The first study involves a secondary data analysis of the European Social Survey that includes Schwartz's value inventory and other value related items. It aims at mapping the values of Florida's three key occupational groups: knowledge, service and manufacturing workers. While manufacturing workers were found to be distinct from knowledge and service workers, the latter two categories were rather similar. In addition, a mixture of liberal and traditional values characterised knowledge workers' value systems. Little empirical support was found for Schwartz's circumplex structure of values. The second part of the thesis, using two split-ballot experiments and cognitive interviews, explores the role of context in the conceptualisation and study of values. Drawing on the concept of 'behavioural spheres' (Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, 1961), the operation of values in the familial, recreational and occupational sphere is examined. The findings show that many values demonstrated context specificity. In-depth interviews with Greek and British knowledge and service workers constitute the third and final study. I examine how workers' valuing processes delineate their creative endeavours to construct the meaning of work and good life, as embedded in the wider societal, economic, political and work contexts. Creativity focuses on how workers, create value meanings and enact values, combine different roles, make sense of their living and the world and deal with adversities. It was shown that the ability to transform work into a meaningful activity is not restricted to knowledge workers. The findings altogether did not corroborate Florida's proposal of an emerging creative class with distinct value orientations and Schwartz's model of a structure of universal values, captured in a set of binary oppositions. A range of challenges for policy making in the knowledge society is implied when authenticity rather than creativity - as defined by Florida- was found to delineate the European work ethos.
33
Schiller, R. M. "Traditional Irish music in Berlin : musical exchange in a European context." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419427.
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Layland, Eric K. "European Emerging Adults in the Context of Free Time and Leisure." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3701.
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Research on emerging adulthood has increased over the past decade, including further investigation of the five features of emerging adulthood: (a) exploring identity, (b) instability, (c) focus on self, (d) feeling in-between, and (e) possibilities (Arnett, 2004). Despite an increased focus on this age period (i.e., 18 -- 29 year olds), research has not addressed the context of free time and leisure. Trends among European emerging adults include increased delay of marriage, decreased childbirth, and general postponement of adult markers. Both the high cultural valuation of leisure and the apparent change in patterns of external markers (i.e., sustained low fertility rates, delayed age of first marriage, declining national populations) in Europe, made Europe a prime setting for studying the leisure of emerging adults. This case study reviews the features of emerging adulthood in a leisure context across European cultures. Using data collected in interviews, the content analysis illustrates the prominence of identity exploration in emerging adults of Europe compared to the four other features of emerging adulthood in a leisure context. Further cultural discourse analysis highlights leisure as a resource for accessing opportunity and a space for freely making choices. The discourse analysis also includes the reconstruction of the cultural schema regarding leisure and each of the five features of emerging adulthood.
35
Brazier, Jonathan S. (Jonathan Scott). "The European Union's single market initiative : a new context for construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36938.
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Spohr, Aino Rosa Kristina. "Unified Germany's Ostpolitik, 1990-2000 : the Baltic question in European context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621071.
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Sanders, Ben. "Jan Kochanowski's 'Psałterz Dawidów' in the context of the European tradition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13326.
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This thesis examines Jan Kochanowski's vernacular verse translation of the Psalms, Psalterz Dawidow (Krakow, 1579), in terms both of its formal composition and its content, and illustrates the poet's debt to western Europe. It will be seen that his innovations in versification owe much to developments in the vernacular literatures of Italy and France, while the content of Psalterz Dawidow shows evidence of Kochanowski's use of neo-Latin works. Following the methodology employed by scholars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the author of this thesis has reexamined the question of Kochanowski's use of sources. A comparison between Kochanowski's text and vernacular and Latin translations (prose and verse) and commentaries published in or before 1579 broadly confirms the findings of earlier studies while at the same time identifying a new source of Psalterz Dawidow, John Calvin's commentary on the Psalms (In librum Psalmorum, Iohannis Calvini commentarius (Geneva, 1557)). Furthermore, this thesis attempts to challenge the view expressed in previous studies that Kochanowski's use of Protestant sources, and the use of his translation by Protestants, is evidence that the poet himself had Protestant sympathies. Having established that the character of the Reformation and Counter Reformation in Poland was markedly different from that in the rest of Europe, that Calvinism was not suppressed and, indeed, won the support of the majority of the szlachta, the author of this thesis suggests that Kochanowski's choice of Protestant sources was motivated by the merits of the individual works rather than, necessarily, by any firmly held religious convictions. Indeed, an analysis of his oeuvre as a whole reveals that Kochanowski's works owe much to the humanist tradition and rarely provide any clear evidence of whether he was a Catholic or a Protestant.
38
Rachovitsa, Adamantia. "'Fragmentation or unity of public international law' revisited : analysing the European Convention on Human Rights when the European Court takes cognisance of public international law norms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13023/.
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This thesis addresses the legal challenges arising in the context of the ‘fragmentation or unity of public international law’. The question of the so-called fragmentation of public international law mainly refers to the phenomenon of diversification and expansion of public international law. In recent years, the proliferation of international bodies entrusted with the task of monitoring States’ compliance with their international obligations has increased the possibility of conflicting interpretations of similar or identical rules of international law. In this context, it is claimed that international courts with limited ratione materiae and personae jurisdiction fragment international law and threaten its unity. This thesis examines the question of the fragmentation of public international law from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). In the view of the present author, the European Court has developed the autonomous interpretative principle of taking cognisance of public international law norms when interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECtHR employs this interpretative principle in a fashion that is distinct from other seminal interpretative principles, namely the so-called comparative interpretation, the dynamic interpretation and the principle of effectiveness. Furthermore, this thesis provides in depth analysis of the ECtHR’s legal reasoning. It reaches conclusions on the type of public international law norms that the ECtHR takes into account and the conditions a norm must satisfy to qualify as ‘relevant’ and ‘applicable in the relations between the parties’. This thesis also provides an overall assessment of the different uses of public international law norms in the ECtHR’s reasoning, when expanding or restricting the scope of the rights and freedoms of the ECHR. It stresses the importance of the ECtHR’s practice of relying upon public international law norms in order to (re-)interpret the ECHR and overrule its previous case-law. Finally, this thesis explores the boundaries that should be set to restrict the impact of other relevant public international law norms on the construction of the ECHR. The study concludes that, in principle, the ECtHR does not threaten the unity of international law, but reads the ECHR harmoniously to public international law. The findings of this thesis also furnish evidence that the ECtHR has competence to pronounce on questions relating to international law and that, on certain occasions, it develops and enriches the scope and content of international law.
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Neglia, Maddalena. "Imprese multinazionali e diritti umani : i principi guida delle Nazioni Unite e la loro attuazione nel contesto dell'Unione europea." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1029.
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Ce travail mise à étudier comment les standards internationaux de droit souple contenues dans les principes directeurs des Nations Unies relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme sont en train d’influencer la législation européenne et celle des états membres. Le premier chapitre analyse la responsabilité (ou mieux son absence) des entreprises multinationales dans le droit international et devant les courts nationaux. Dans ce contexte, on assiste à l’affirmation des codes de conduite internationaux de droit souple. Le deuxième chapitre est concentré sur trois codes de conduite internationaux : les lignes directrices de l’OCDE, la déclaration de l’OIT et les normes des Nations Unies. Cette analyse est visée à offrir au lecteur une idée plus claire du cadre qui a porté à l’approbation des principes directeurs. Le troisième chapitre est entièrement confié à l’analyse de ces principes et leurs trois piliers, avec une attention spécifique au devoir de l’état de protéger les droits de l’homme. Finalement, le dernier chapitre étudie, à travers une méthode comparée, l’actualisation des principes directeurs par l’Union européenne et ses états membres. Cette recherche a permis de conclure que les principes directeurs sont en train d’influencer largement le processus législatif européen et national. Elle veut alors contribuer au débat concernant le rôle croissante du droit souple dans la solution des problématiques liées à la mondialisation et à la perte de puissance du principe de la souveraineté des étatsThe twofold aim of the research is to study how the international soft law standards laid down in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human rights (UNGPs) are shaping both the European and the National legislations, and what are the further developments expected. The first chapter explores the (lack of) responsibility of MNEs in international law and in front of national courts. In this scenario, the role of international soft law has been particularly important. The second chapter examines three different public codes of conduct regulating MNEs, The OECD Guidelines for multinational corporations, the ILO Tripartite Declaration and the UN Norms. This analysis serves to give the reader a clearer idea of the context in which the UNGPs has seen the light. The third chapter is entirely dedicated to the analysis of the UN Guiding Principles endorsed in 2011 and of their three pillar, with a special focus on the State duty to protect. Finally, the fourth chapter analyses, through a comparative method, the UNGPs implementation in the EU and in some Member states. It concludes that the UN Guiding Principles are largely influencing the European policy in this sector, and that both the European Union and the Member states are implementing this policy through several measures, both voluntary and mandatory. Finally, the research intends to make a contribution to the debate on the increasing role of international soft law in solving challenges of a globalized world where the State sovereignty principle has lost importance
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Johansson, Jonna. "Learning to Be (come) A Good European : A Critical Analysis of the Official European Union Discourse on European Identity and Higher Education." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10384.
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Gulec, Asli. "The Problem Of Multiculturalism In Turkey Within The Context Of European Integration." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1265990/index.pdf.
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Starting from the 1970&rsquos, as a result of influx of immigration and of rise of ethno- cultural conflicts the issue of multiculturalism has come to become one of the significant themes of contemporary politics. In this respect, new policies have been developed in order to manage this increasing ethnic and cultural diversity. In this study it is aimed to get a critical perspective for the analysis of the question of multiculturalism in Turkey with reference to Turkey-EU relationships. As is widely accepted, the issue of multiculturalism is a conjunctural historical phenomenon emerging within the objective conditions of Western liberal democracies. When this issue is put within Turkey&rsquo
s political framework, Turkey with its own historical and political conditions constitute a distinct context in the sense that this question is taken into account with respect to broader problems including democratization or the extension of human rights. On this basis, it will be argued that, the politics of multiculturalism and normative premises associated with it have no taken for granted progressive meaning or role rather to what extent the relevant multicultural policy measures contribute to the solution of various ethnic or cultural conflicts is itself an empirical and political matter, and also part of changing power relations.
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Giampapa, Robin M. "Constructing historical consciousness in Greece syncretism in the context of European unification /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1126036336.
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Sowerby, Catherine Ann. "Responses to terrorism in a European context : an application of Q methodology." Thesis, Keele University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558330.
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This thesis sets out to consider the discourses which exist on responses to terrorism in the context of the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years terrorism has been perceived to be a growing threat and the response strategies directed towards it have become increasingly important. The European Union has, since September 11th 2001, actively developed a response strategy to terrorism. It is possible to identify the official discourses which exist in this area; however, the discourses held by the wider population are less obvious. This thesis aims to explore these hidden discourses further. In particular it is specifically concerned with public perceptions of the response strategies to terrorism and aims to uncover the ways in which these response strategies are constructed beyond the official discourse. This thesis utilises Q methodology in order to examine these discourses. Q methodology is an innovative tool for the exploration of subjectivity. It has rarely been applied to the topic of terrorism and this thesis represents the first time it has been utilised to consider the problem of responses to terrorism in the context of the European Union. Therefore, a further aim of this thesis is to consider the appropriateness of Q methodology as a tool for use in the discipline of International Relations.
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Pantić, Marijana. "Sustainable Development Perspectives for Serbian Mountain Areas: Lessons from the European Context." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144339.
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Starting from the hypothesis European countries have more experience in addressing problems in their mountain areas, the research was designed as a cross-country study mixed with a casestudy approach. Major European mountain massifs were embraced within the first phase of the research (exploratory-descriptive), indicating how similar problems in Serbian [SMA] and other European mountain areas [EMA] are and how their countries address them. The next task was to present how sustainable development of SMA alone can be enhanced, which was done in the explanatory phase. Multiple source analysis, also known as the triangulation method, enabled evidence cross-checking. In the case of SMA, data was collected from both available sources and interviews conducted in three rounds with experts, authorities and the local population (in four municipalities), while data for other EMA was obtained solely from written sources. Both qualitative and quantitative data were analysed. The research led to identification of five categories of problems: environmental, demographic, infrastructure, economic and management. In this regard, SMA have been shown to be similar to other EMA in terms of environmental and demographic issues, while differing from them in matters of the economy, physical accessibility, infrastructure endowment and management. The Balkan Mountain Massif and the Carpathians showed the greatest similarity to SMA. In contrast, the Alps showed a considerably lower extent of problems because of the length of time already spent on finding solutions for them. The identified problem categories in mountain areas Serbia has been dealt for the shortest period of time, including defining and promotion of principles, instruments and measures. The issues stressed are: Serbia lacks decision-making power below the national level, explicit measures for mountain area problems and their implementation. The greatest gap between EMA and SMA appeared to be in the sphere of management, where Serbia has done the least. The last part of the research argues and suggests the prospects for the sustainable development of SMA, split into three main fields of action - management, infrastructure and the economy, and additionally a couple of actions valuable for all the fields simultaneously – urban-rural dependences and activation of the civil sector and volunteers. Within the management field, active local population participation, responsible realisation of the full cycle of decision making - from research to evaluation – and the special status for SMA are highlighted as inevitable in the enhancement process. In the field of the economy, the suggestions made are economic diversification and the improvement of products and job attractiveness, which are expected to positively affect the dissemination of knowledge, product marketing and accessibility to the market. Finally, the sustainable development perspectives aligned in the field of accessibility and infrastructure are the endowment of roads, modernisation of education and ICT endowmentAusgehend von der Hypothese, dass europäische Länder bereits vielfältige Erfahrungen mit der Bewältigung von Problemen in ihren Berggebieten haben, ist die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit als länderübergreifende Fallstudie angelegt worden. In einem ersten, exploratorischdeskriptiven Teil der Forschungsarbeit werden die größten europäischen Gebirgsmassive vorgestellt. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich Probleme in serbischen [SBG] und anderen europäischen Berggebieten [EBG] ähneln und auf welche Art und Weise sich die einzelnen Länder mit ihren Berggebieten auseinandersetzen. Dies geschieht in der Absicht, Wege aufzuzeigen, wie eine nachhaltige Entwicklung der Berggebiete in Serbien angegangen werden könnte. Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen sind zu diesem Zweck ausgewertet worden, wodurch auch die Prüfung der Daten, d.h. ihre Triangulation möglich war. Im Falle der SBG wurden Daten aus zwei verfügbaren Quellen herangezogen. Außerdem sind Interviews mit Fachexperten, Behörden und den Bewohnern in vier Gemeinden geführt worden. Zu den EBG sind verfügbare Daten aus der Literatur genutzt worden. Sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Daten sind in die Analyse einbezogen worden. Fünf Kategorien von Problemen konnten auf diese Weise herausgearbeitet werden: ökologische, demographische, infrastrukturelle, wirtschaftliche und administrative Probleme. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die SBG und die EBG vor allem in Bezug auf die Umwelt und die Demographie Ähnlichkeiten besitzen. Unterschiede zeigten sich vor allem in Bezug auf Fragen der Wirtschaft, der physischen Zugänglichkeit, der infrastrukturellen Ausstattung und der Verwaltung. Das Gebirgsmassiv im Balkan und den Karpaten besitzt die größte Ähnlichkeit mit den SBG. Im Gegensatz dazu, zeigten die Alpen wesentlich geringere Probleme, da diese seit einem längeren Zeitraum angegangen werden. Im darauffolgenden, analytischen Teil der Arbeit werden zu jeder der identifizierten Problemkategorien in Serbien kurzfristig umsetzbare Entwicklungsprinzipien, Instrumente und Maßnahme vorgeschlagen. Herausgestellt werden folgende Aspekte: Serbien braucht mehr Entscheidungsbefugnis unterhalb der nationalen Ebene, es braucht besondere Instrumente zur Bewältigung der Probleme seiner Berggebiete sowie eigene Ansätze zu deren Umsetzung. Der größten Differenzen zwischen EBG und SBG werden im Bereich der Verwaltung gesehen, da Serbien hier bisher die wenigsten Anstrengungen unternommen hat. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit werden Perspektiven für die nachhaltige Entwicklung der SBG aufgezeigt, aufgeteilt in drei mögliche Haupthandlungsfelder– Verwaltung, Infrastruktur und Wirtschaft. Außerdem werden Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die alle Problemfelder übergreifen. Dazu gehören die Bezugnahme von Stadt und Land sowie die Aktivierung zivilen und ehrenamtlichen Engagements innerhalb der SBG. Für den Bereich der Verwaltung werden die aktive Einbeziehung der lokalen Bevölkerung, die verantwortungsvolle Umsetzung planerischer Entscheidungsprozesse – von der Forschung bis hin zur Evaluierung – sowie die Einrichtung eines besonderen Status für die SBG als notwendig für deren nachhaltige Entwicklung erachtet. Für den Bereich der Wirtschaft werden Diversifikation, die qualitative Verbesserung von Erzeugnissen sowie die Steigerung des Angebotes attraktiver Arbeitsplätze als Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten vorgeschlagen, da diese voraussichtlich positiv auf die Verbreitung von Wissen, Produktmarketing und die Zugänglichkeit zu den Märkten wirken. Darüber hinaus werden für nachhaltige Entwicklungsperspektiven der SBG in Bezug auf die Erreichbarkeit und die Infrastruktur die Einrichtung von Straßen, die Modernisierung von Bildungseinrichtungen und die Einrichtung von Informations- und Kommunikationswegen angeregt
45
Terranova, Florence. "Regional structures in Poland : reshaping governance in a global and European context." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400887.
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Giusiano, Grégoire. "The 2008 crisis and the response of France in the European context." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258507.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyze what have been the impacts of the 2008 financial crisis in France and what were the direct reactions of the government to it. This analysis would be put in perspective by comparing it to the policies taken by various European neighbors. In the first part we analyze the cause of the crisis bubble-burst cycle and more precisely of the financial crisis. We conclude that a financial crisis comes from an accumulation of debt badly invest. We then study the example of the crisis of 1929 and the measure taken by the American government during the Great Depression through the New Deal. We explain that the measures not only planned on distributing money for the demand but set people to work and reformed the general economic environment. After studying the crisis of 2008 in the United State we see that even if the crisis began in the financial sector, its repercussion were felt on the entire economy. In the second part we analyze the main economic trends of France since World War Two. We will see that after thirty years of high growth and social development, the country was for thirty years on a downward trend of the economic development. We will study the case of unemployment, which is representative of the politic and economic system of France. We will realize that the different governments do not seem to be able to reform the country through sustainable measures that go beyond the impact of the announcement itself. We will then analyze the first effects of the crisis on the French economy to conclude that it resulted in the worsening of all the main macro-economic indexes, with the deepening of the debt and the development of a recession. We will then be able to compare those results to three major indexes of two other Europeans countries: the Czech Republic and Germany. We will see that those two countries, due to the importance of exportations on their national economies, and in the case of the Czech Republic, the importance of Germany, suffered more, in proportion, compared to France. In the third part we will study the measures taken by the French government in the aftermath of the crisis and the effects of those measures. We will see that if they plan to support the country through the help to the companies, the measure lack of long term planning. They are short terms measures that helped the country pass the worst of the crisis, but with long lasting effects on the country's debt. We will then compare them to the measures taken by the United Kingdom and Germany. Those two country are interesting to study since the British government made the choice of mainly directly supporting the consumption and Germany, with the largest European stimulus package was acting on all fronts. We will conclude that the main result for the two countries are the growing debt in percentage of GDP, but also that the long term effects are more taken into account in those two plans.
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Roman, Vlad Dan. "Judicial policymaking in the supranational context - the European Union and its experiences." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23320.
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Even though we are living in societies based on the principle of separation of powers, the current internal and international status quo develops mechanisms that depart from the traditional way of perceiving this idea.By giving primacy to constitutional review instruments, executives and legislatives are no longer the only policy makers actors; the involvement of judges in policy issues dilutes the politicians’ powers in this resort and brings legal expertize into play; moreover, as nowadays states commit themselves on the international arena, ‘judicialization’ of politic’ is also happening as a result of the creation of supranational Courts. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze what are the actual mechanisms through which such behavior is developed, which are the affected areas of interest and what kind of issues does the practice per se develop. In this matter, the result is a complex one due to the process’s dynamics and the fact that it is constructed on a particular decisional path that is composed of judicial decision-making and its subsequent political effects.
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Ramos, Cláudia Maria Novais Toriz da Silva. "The construction of Portuguese national identity in the context of European integration." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU209613.
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This dissertation discusses impacts of European integration on the Portuguese national identity. It is divided in two main parts: a theoretical framework and empirical research. The first part defines identities and their relevance for international relations. From a constructivist standpoint, it asserts that identities are unstable material-ideational objects that result from permanent social interaction, which involves agents and shapes structures; that they are constitutive variables of social, political and therefore international reality, too. National identities are presented as particular types of political-cultural identities, as they are strongly anchored on the nation-state project. Thus, it discusses the nation-state and nationalism problematic, but rejects essentalising views. The impacts of Europeanisation on national identity are presented in the framework of theories of integration, as domestic outcomes, at the level of collective identities. The concept of Europeanisation is used to designate the fluxes established between the institutions of the European Union and the national institutions and citizens. The concept of network is further introduced for the analysis of those fluxes and of their domestic mediation. The second part, explores aspects of the Portuguese case. First, there is a presentation of ongoing structures of the Portuguese national identity, with particular attention to the genetic link between the state and the nation, as a major marker of national identity. Then, two specific cases of the construction of national identity within the elite level are studied. One chapter addresses the key positions on national identity, as constructed in the parliamentarian discourse. The following chapter traces networks of Europeanisation and analyses utterances on European integration vis-a-vis the Portuguese state and society and on national identity, as produced by some state, society and EU agents involved in those networks. Finally, the main conclusions are presented: in general, they show that there has been a dynamic of adaptation of identity substantially guided by the Portuguese state itself, in order to shape the Portuguese national identity into a discourse of compatibility with Europe.
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Watts, Jennifer Mary. "The institutional context for temporary staffing : a European cross-national comparative approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-institutional-context-for-temporary-staffing-a-european-crossnational-comparative-approach(894fb34b-64ab-4649-89d3-7010894f15e6).html.
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Since the early 1990s the temporary staffing industry experienced rapid growth in many areas of Europe, although the extent and rate of this growth varied across the continent. The existing literature on labour market intermediaries and the temporary staffing industry fail to adequately address the importance of national institutional arrangements. This thesis addresses the research lacuna by providing a comparative study of temporary staffing industries in three different political-economic contexts: the United Kingdom, Germany and the Czech Republic. This contributes to a greater understanding of the role of the temporary staffing industry in each country, how it is structured, and the key institutions involved. These three case studies profile the size and characteristics of each temporary staffing industry but also discuss the key institutions present in each case, and the relationships which drive or restrict its change. This thesis includes analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a detailed picture of each national temporary staffing industry. The research reveals three nationally distinctive formations of the temporary staffing industry within the context of the European Union. While the UK has the largest temporary staffing industry in Europe, it remains highly fragmented. With an established presence in many sectors of the labour market the industry seeks to increase its presence in professional occupations, and its collaboration with public employment services. While the temporary staffing industry in Germany has experienced significant growth since 2003, resistance remains from the trade unions against the use of temporary agency work, and the state remains greatly involved in determining working conditions. The presence of collective bargaining between the trade unions and trade associations remains a key relationship in this system. The temporary staffing industry in the Czech Republic is still in the early stages of growth and as such regulations are still being formulated, and agencies are still establishing branch networks in an environment where a large number of informal agencies are already present. While temporary staffing agencies and trade associations remain active in pursuing growth for the temporary staffing industry, the extent to which these changes took place varied between countries. This thesis argues the form of each national temporary staffing industry is a reflection of the complex historical, and contemporary, national institutional arrangements, and as such, its form and role varies.
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Santander, Sergi Mainer. "The Scottish romance tradition within the European context (c.1375-c.1550)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25154.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to demonstrate that the medieval Scottish romances Barbour’s Bruce and Blind Hary’s Wallace and the anonymous Arthurian texts Lancelot of the Laik and Golagros and Gawane belong to the same literary tradition. Rauf Coilyear and Clariodus will also be examined, though less exhaustively, within these parameters. An analysis of the political motivations and literary and philosophical fabric of the works will reveal the similarities between them. These romances will be compared to their paradigmatic counterparts or originals, mainly French, such as Chrétien de Troyes’ Romans (late twelfth century), Joinville’s Viede Saint Louis (1309), Cuvelier’s Chanson de Bertrand de Guesclin (late fourteenth century), or the sources of the Scottish Arthurian works, Lancelot do Lac (1215-25) and the First Continuation of Perceval (early thirteenth century). When pertinent Anglo-Norman, English, Provençal and Catalan works will also be alluded to. This comparison will highlight, on the one hand, the shared topoi characteristic of a broader European tradition; and, on the other, the exclusively Scottish features. The conclusion will elucidate the organic literary and ideological components which constitute the unity of the Scottish romance tradition.