Journal articles: 'Universal banks'

1

Canals, Jordi. "Universal banks:." European Management Journal 16, no. 5 (October 1998): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-2373(98)00038-3.

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Lóránth, Gyöngyi, and Alan D. Morrison. "Tying in Universal Banks." Review of Finance 16, no. 2 (January 28, 2012): 481–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfr029.

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Benston, George J. "Universal Banking." Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.8.3.121.

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Universal banks can offer the entire range of financial services within the bank or through subsidiaries. Most countries permit universal banking. In contrast, the United States is served only by specialized banks. Universal banking, particularly in Germany, is contrasted with specialized banking with respect to their effect on financial stability, economic development, other financial institutions, concentration of political and economic power, consumer choice, and conflicts of interest. This examination, including a review of relevant empirical studies, leads to the conclusion that universal banking offers many benefits and few costs to U.S. consumers.

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Ayam, A. J. R., F. K. Dorsaa, E. Anderson, and S. Mensah. "IMPACT OF BANK’S CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES ON CUSTOMER BUYING ATTITUDE: THE CASE OF GHANAIAN UNIVERSAL BANKS." UDS International Journal of Development 9, no. 1 (August 16, 2022): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47740/516.udsijd6i.

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Universal banks in Ghana have witnessed stiff competition and declining customer growth in recent times. These banks have sort to adopt Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities as a means to attract and build customer confidence and loyalty. The study employed quantitative research methodology with a 5 point Likert-Scale well validated research instrument. This correlational study seeks to measures the relationship between the CSR factors and Banks customer buying attitude. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistically medium to small relationship between the CSR factors and banks customer buying attitude. The study recommendations should assist universal banks in Ghana to tailor their CSR activities to achieve optimum customer confidence and loyalty. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Social Responsibility Factors, Customer Buying Attitude, Banks, Ghana Universal Banks.

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Guinnane, Timothy W. "Delegated Monitors, Large and Small: Germany's Banking System, 1800–1914." Journal of Economic Literature 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 73–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0022051026985.

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Banks play a greater role in the German financial system than in those of the United States or Britain. Germany's large universal banks are admired by those who advocate bank deregulation in the United States. Others admire the universal banks for their supposed role in corporate governance and industrial finance. Many discussions distort the German banking system by overstressing one of several types of banks, and ignore the competition and cooperation between the famous universal banks and other banking groups. Tracing the historical development of the German banking system from the early nineteenth century places the large universal banks in context.

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Dayag, Antonio Jaramillo, and Fernando Trinidad. "Assessment of the correlation between price-earnings ratio and stock market returns of universal banks in the Philippines." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 8, no. 5 (August 18, 2019): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v8i5.481.

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Universal banks are important economic drivers in the Philippines since they provide the financial backbone for businesses and investments. Universal banks comprise 90% of the country’s banking system resources. Eleven [11] of the twenty-one [21] universal banks in the country are listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange, and these banks are the top universal banks based on capitalization. Price to Earnings Ratio [PER] is a commonly utilized investment assessment tool and this ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay for a stock and is calculated as the ratio of the stock price over earnings per share. Since the stock price is dictated by the stock market, this paper seeks to determine if the P/E ratio of universal banks in the Philippines is correlated to its stock returns, the implication of which is how to form an appropriate balance between stock price volatility and banks’ valuation. The paper uses panel data of the 11 listed universal banks from 2010 to 2018, using Pearson Correlation. The study resulted in a generally weak correlation, however, there were banks that exhibited strong, positive, significant correlation.

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Essen, Rita. "The Transition of German Universal Banks." European Business Law Review 12, Issue 5/6 (May 1, 2001): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/396517.

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Harissis, Harilaos F., Andreas Merikas, Stanley Mutenga, and Sotiris K. Staikouras. "Universal banks and stock‐market reaction." Journal of Risk Finance 10, no. 3 (May 22, 2009): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15265940910959375.

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Dayag, Antonio Jaramillo, and Fernando L. Trinidad. "What What Drives Stock Market Performance of Banks / Universal Banks? A Critical Examination of Literature." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v8i3.492.

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Universal banks combine commercial loan services and public deposit functions with investment, and other services such as home and auto financing, mutual funds, pension and insurance to name a few. The importance of universal banks have been recognized in emerging economies, and its growth spur economic growth and development of many countries in the world. Most universal banks are listed in stock exchanges, and as financial intermediaries, not only these banks expand their already wide portfolios but they allow more global investors into the fold, almost like a foreign direct investor, the difference only is, the investor don’t have to leave the home country. Since these banks are considered to be among the key players in stock markets, and this study seeks to understand what factors drive their performance in stock exchange so that global investors be aided in making investment decisions on universal banks.

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Macher, Flora. "The Austrian banking crisis of 1931: a reassessment." Financial History Review 25, no. 3 (December 2018): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565018000136.

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The current literature on the causes of the Austrian financial crisis in 1931 emphasises both foreign and domestic factors. This article offers new data to analyse this issue. Its findings reinforce the importance of a domestic factor in bringing about the crisis: universal banks’ exposure to industrial enterprises, which were the universal banks’ main borrowers and creditors. During the 1920s, these industrial enterprises failed to perform well, rendering the universal banks insolvent. The Credit-Anstalt, which became an ‘acquirer of last resort’ for three other universal banks during the 1920s, was insolvent as early as 1925. The bank, however, could have avoided bankruptcy had it been spared the burden of Unionbank's non-performing assets.

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Edwards, Jeremy, and Sheilagh Ogilvie. "Universal Banks and German Industrialization: A Reappraisal." Economic History Review 49, no. 3 (August 1996): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597758.

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Dayag, Antonio Jaramillo. "Growth Growth of Universal Banking in the Philippines: A Correlational Study with Economic Growth." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v8i3.496.

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Banks are believed to instrumental to economic growth because it provides the financial backbone needed to spur economic development through business creation and expansion. A healthy and resilient banking sector signals economic growth and development that is sustainable. The efficient transfer of funds from those that has surplus of them towards those that need them has been made possible due to the intermediation of banks. In the Philippines, banking formally started in 1851 with the establishment of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, which up to this day, stands to be one of the country’s biggest and most stable universal bank. This study analyzes how universal banks grew over the years, and determines whether a correlation exists between universal bank growth and economic growth, using the variable of GDP growth rate as proxy for economic growth. The study showed that at the most recent periods, universal banks’ ROE and ROA are negatively correlated with GDP growth rate. Key words: Universal banks, History of banking, Economic growth of the Philippines, GDP growth rate

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Wixforth, Harald. "Das Universalbanksystem – Ein Erfolgsmodell auf den Finanzmärkten?" Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 583–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0021.

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Abstract The recent debate on the structure of financial systems created harsh criticism of the business policy of the great universal banks. Economists as well as prominent experts in banking demanded a strict control of their business or even their liquidation. On the other hand, the banks themselves, together with representatives of economic interest groups, defended the status quo. Their argument is that the universal banking systems created great benefits for the economy in several central European countries during the last 150 years. Historical evidence, however, reveals that this is not true. Universal banks were not an instrument to stabilize economies in times of crises. On the contrary, crises were aggravated by their business policy on several occasions. In sum, historical analysis shows that the actual business operations and influence of universal banks in modern economies have to be scrutinized closely.

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Hussein Al-Mzwry, Hussein Ahmed. "The Roles of Customer's Capital As Human Resource Achieving The Universal Banking." Journal of University of Human Development 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v2n1y2016.pp296-319.

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The present research aims at the a knowledgement of the role the customer capital as human resource in achieving the universal banking , since the customer is considered the chief concern , and the aria where all banks should focus and the key elements of profitability so , the presnt research attempts energizing and activating the customer capital through four strategices for ( strategy of attracting new gruops of andividuals, strategy of maximizng supporting the customer's comfort , , strategy of financial activity, strategy of keeping the banks liquidity ) to act as a tool that assists the working commercial banks in duhok province achieve the universal bankig in to reality in this sense two hypotheses were made to examine, the effect on the relationship between the customer capital and universal banking accordingly , afield study was a dopted through a questionnaire list that was distributed to sample of manegers and haed of departments working in the banks of duhok province . the study concluded many results some of which were represented in the following ; there is a hung concern with customers capital made by those banks managements and also the increasing raise of the universal banking in the banks of duhok province

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Asubonteng, Samuel, and Yusheng Kong. "The Role of Bank Value in Cash Holdings of Banks in Ghana." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.677.

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The current study explored the influence of bank value on cash holding among universal banks in Ghana. A panel data covering the period from 2009 to 2018 was used for the analysis. The Panel Least square regression model was utilized as the main technique for data analysis. The findings from this study revealed that, bank value has a significant positive influence on cash holdings of the universal banks in Ghana. Similarly, the study showed that, profitability, working capital and growth contribute positively to cash holdings of the banks. It is recommended that the universal banks should focus more on improving the bank value through value addition policies and measures. This will contribute to achieving a greater level of cash holdings. Keeping enough cash helps the banks to take advantage in any business opportunity that may arise at any time.

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Fohlin, Caroline. "The Balancing Act of German Universal Banks and English Deposit Banks, 1880-1913." Business History 43, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999206.

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Wang, Haizhi, Desheng Yin, Xiaotian Tina Zhang, and Xinting Zhen. "Whom you borrow from matters: universal banks and firm innovation." Managerial Finance 45, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 1001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2018-0263.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate universal banks as an important source of external funding and their effects on borrowing firms’ innovation outputs. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ regression analyses including a difference-in-difference approach and a two-sided matching method to ensure the robustness of the findings. The authors further explore some potential channels and boundary conditions for the main findings. Findings The authors find that borrowing from universal banks is negatively associated with the quantity of firm innovation, but not the quality of firm innovation. The authors document that borrowing firms reduce their R&D expenditures and rely more on external partners to produce innovation outputs after loan originations from universal banks. The negative relation between universal bank lending and the quantity of firm innovation is more prominent for unrelated innovation and for financially constrained firms. Research limitations/implications The evidence reveals that universal banks may use their informational advantage and market power to limit their corporate borrowers’ investment in innovation activities. Originality/value The paper extends the line of research on the source of financing and firm innovation, and establishes a robust relationship between capital market and product market.

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Adusei, Michael. "Modelling the efficiency of universal banks in Ghana." Quantitative Finance Letters 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21649502.2016.1262938.

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Rime, Bertrand, and Kevin J. Stiroh. "The performance of universal banks: Evidence from Switzerland." Journal of Banking & Finance 27, no. 11 (November 2003): 2121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(02)00318-7.

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Singh, Jaspal, and Gagandeep Kaur. "Customer satisfaction and universal banks: an empirical study." International Journal of Commerce and Management 21, no. 4 (November 22, 2011): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10569211111189356.

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Goswami, Chandana, and Nilanjana Deb. "Tracing the Path to Universal Banking: The Indian Scenario." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 7, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v7i1.6399.

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In India, the Commercial Banking sector has been the dominant element in the country’s financial system and performed the key functions of providing liquidity and payment services to the real sector, and has accounted for bulk of the financial intermediation process. However, since early 1990s, the Indian banking sector has been subjected to various reform measures initiated by the Government at the backdrop of economy-wide structural adjustment programme and also in response to the unsatisfactory economic and qualitative performance of the Public Sector Banks owing to lack of competition, low capital base, low productivity and high intermediation cost.Financial sector reforms have uprooted many of the outdated regulatory fences within which banks were required to carry out their activities. This provided more liberty to banks and they started exploiting different areas of operation. Gradually, many of the banks, apart from their indigenous function i.e., banking, started having substantial interests in all sorts of financial businesses like insurance, funds management, mutual funds, securities trading etc. Eventually, such a bank acquired the status of Financial Conglomerate and slowly began moving towards Universal Banking framework. However, in this process, the risk exposure of banks increased further and also it has raised a question on what should be the effective regulatory system for monitoring such conglomerates.Therefore, an attempt is made to trace the path of transition of Indian banks towards Universal banking framework, their risk exposure, opportunities and challenges confronted in this process of transition and the regulatory system needed to monitor such entities.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 17-30Uploaded date: July 7, 2012

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Sumaylo, Albie Mae, Christine Mae Babon, Marivic Bayaras, Ella Michelle Pedrigal, Aleshia Klyne Pening, Mary Joy Teodosio, and Jesse Susada. "Digital Finance on Stability among Philippine Banks." Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2210.02.07.

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To promote financial inclusivity while being responsive to technology demands, the Philippine government implemented a framework that requires banks to improve and innovate their payment systems. The introduction of the National Retail Payment System raises the question of whether the aim of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in advancing digital financial inclusion significantly impacts the financial stability of universal and commercial banks. This correlational study examines the impact of digital financial inclusion on bank stability utilizing principal component analysis and linear regression analysis from a dataset of 19 universal and commercial banks from 2017 to 2019. Findings showed that a higher level of digital financial inclusion is associated with higher banking stability for Philippine universal and commercial banks. While the results support the study hypothesis of a positive relationship between the two (2) variables, the statistical significance cannot be guaranteed at the outset of this analysis due to the limited number of years examined.

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Neuhann, Daniel, and Farzad Saidi. "Do universal banks finance riskier but more productive firms?" Journal of Financial Economics 128, no. 1 (April 2018): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.01.011.

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Natalia, SHULHA, and OMELENCHUK Volodymyr. "CLUSTERING OF BANKS ACCORDING TO THEIR BUSINESS MODELS." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 140, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(140)10.

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The business models of banks were identified according to previously formed parameters. The authors distinguished business models of Ukrainian banks such as retail, universal, corporate, corporate with retail financing. The paper studies ranking method to analyze and compare banks business models in terms of financial and risk indicators.

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Mittal, Shalini, Anoop Pant, and Shailesh Singh Bhadauria. "An Empirical Study on Customer Preference towards Payment Banks over Universal Banks in Delhi NCR." Procedia Computer Science 122 (2017): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.394.

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Overfelt, Wouter Van, Jan Annaert, Marc De Ceuster, and Marc Deloof. "Do universal banks create value? Universal bank affiliation and company performance in Belgium, 1905–1909." Explorations in Economic History 46, no. 2 (April 2009): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2008.07.001.

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Butzbach, Olivier. "From thrifts to universal banks: the sources of organisational change in French savings banks, 1945–2000." Business History 57, no. 8 (May 6, 2015): 1155–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1021690.

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Elsas, Ralf, and Yvonne Löffler. "Universal Banks, Corporate Control, and Equity Carve-Outs in Germany." Kredit und Kapital 41, no. 4 (December 2008): 557–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/kuk.41.4.557.

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Aneslagon, Denise Marie C., Lance Bill B. Lim, Mae Ann S. Tomongha, Jeanica Eivey R. Legaspi, Abba Jamiah P. Limbaga, Jeah S. Casayas, and Dale Q. Talaboc. "Assessing the Nexus between Social Responsibility, Environmental Initiatives, and Profitability: A Sustainable Finance Perspective of the Universal Banks in the Philippines." International Journal of Management Thinking 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56868/ijmt.v2i1.40.

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This study examines the impact of social responsibility and environmental projects on the profitability of 10 Universal Banks in the Philippines within the context of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) through sustainable finance framework. The research adopts a quantitative approach and analyzes data from 2019 to 2021 using exploratory data analysis and regression analysis was used to capture any evolving trends or shifts in the relationship between banks' engagement in these projects and their financial performance. The study found that the number of social responsibility and environmental projects undertaken by Universal Banks did not exhibit a statistically significant impact on their profitability during this period (2019-2021). However, the study emphasizes the broader value of these initiatives, as they contribute to sustainability, promote corporate social responsibility, and align with global trends towards a more environmentally conscious and socially responsible business landscape. The research suggests that banks should continue to invest in social and environmental projects for their substantial societal and ecological impacts, aligning with the evolving needs and expectations of customers, investors, and the broader community.

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Atuahene, Sampson Agyapong, Kong Yusheng, Geoffrey Benturn-Micah, and Abigail Konadu Aboagye. "Impact of Capital Adequacy on Banks’ Performance: Considering the Basel International Regulatory Framework for Banks." ETIKONOMI 20, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15590.

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This study examines the impact of banks' capital on the performance of banks. The studies adopted a fixed-effect model estimation. Time-series data covering the period 2008-2017 for Ghanaian listed universal banks was considered. We found out that the bank’s capital and banks’ net profit after tax has a positive and significant relationship with banks’ total asset base as a performance indicator. We further discovered through correlational analysis that there is a strong negative link between banks' outstanding loans (credit advancement) and banks' performance. The fundamental implications of this study are to encourage the monitoring of capital adequacy of banks since it creates opportunities for banks to perform effectively.JEL Classification: E5, E44, G21, G30How to Cite:Atuahene, S. A., Yusheng, K., Bentum-Micah, G., & Aboagye, A. K. (2021). Impact of Capital Adequacy on Banks’ Performance: Considering the Basel International Regulatory Framework for Banks. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(1), 45 – 54. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i1.15590.

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Razumova, O. I. "Analyzing the accuracy of bank reliability assessment based on official reporting." Finance and Credit 26, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 327–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.2.327.

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Subject. The article considers ratings of banks' reliability. Objectives. The aim is to evaluate the accuracy of existing methodology for bank reliability assessment based on official reporting, to identify patterns between indicators and factors that can affect the financial sustainability of a bank. Methods. The study draws on the comparative analysis of key indicators of bank's financial statements one year prior to the introduction of provisional administration, and evaluates the results of existing methods for analyzing the financial standing of banks. Results. The findings show that those methods that use only official reporting to assess the reliability of banks are not sufficient for short-term forecasting of financial stability. Ratings of the majority of agencies that rest on official reporting have a high percentage of erroneous results, therefore, rating agencies are not able to predict the regulator's decisions regarding a credit institution. Conclusions. Currently, there are no universal methods to determine reliability, which would provide a correct forecast of deteriorated financial position of the bank. It is important to use a systems approach, where financial reporting is not a key component.

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Cordevilla, Crendellee G., and Zeaphard Gerhart V. Caelian. "Disaster Risk Reduction Management Awareness and Practices of Universal Banks in Bacolod City." Philippine Social Science Journal 3, no. 2 (November 15, 2020): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.135.

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Disasters occur worldwide that affect many people and cause loss of life and destruction. The Philippines is considered one of the most frequently affected by natural calamities. It is also the third most disaster-prone country that costs billions of losses in the economy. Typhoon Haiyan, or the Super Typhoon Yolanda, one of the disastrous and strongest storms ever hit the country, brought massive destruction and casualties in the Philippines. Banks were also greatly affected during that time. This research focused on the extent of implementation of the Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) practices and the level of awareness of the bank employees of the universal banks in Bacolod City. It will contribute knowledge about Disaster Risk Reduction Management, especially on banks, and fill the literature gap. It aimed to determine whether there is a significant difference in the level of awareness of the employees and the extent of DRRM practices of the bank and whether there is a significant relationship between the two.

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Vilar, Vítor Hugo, and João Simão. "CSR disclosure on the web: major themes in the banking sector." International Journal of Social Economics 42, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 296–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-10-2013-0240.

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Purpose – Corporate social responsibility became a core topic in the management and activity of banks. Being a bidirectional, permanent, updateable and universal access communication channel, the internet contributed to transform the way the organizations report social responsibility to stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the banks use their web sites to disclose their social responsibility concerns and activities. Design/methodology/approach – The globe was divided in 11 regions, according to geographic and cultural criteria. Information was gathered from the corporate web sites of the ten major banks in each region, and their contents were analyzed. Geographic patterns and the correlation to universal development indicators were studied. Findings – The banks disclose on their web sites information on environmental management and socioeconomic programs. Other recurrent themes are the support to education, fight against corruption, workers’ welfare, corporate ethics and the existence of codes of conduct. There are geographic patterns in the quantity and detail of the information provided, as well as in the themes mentioned. The banks located in Europe, the American continent, and Oceania, are those who disclose more information. This confirms that the disclosure of social responsibility by the banks is larger and more detailed according to the development indexes of the country where they operate. Originality/value – The work studies the disclosure on the internet of information on social responsibility by the banks, being the first work to do it at the world level. This way, it provides a significant contribution to identify the themes that are more often disclosed and to establish comparisons between geographic areas.

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Vargas, Rodolfo S. "The Impact of e-Banking Practices on Five Selected Universal Banks." IARJSET 3, no. 3 (March 20, 2016): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2016.3334.

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YU, Peiyi. "COMPETITIVE ISSUES IN THE TAIWANESE BANKING INDUSTRY: MERGERS AND UNIVERSAL BANKS." Developing Economies 41, no. 3 (September 2003): 309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2003.tb00574.x.

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Staikouras, Panagiotis K. "Universal Banks, Universal Crises? Disentangling Myths from Realities in Quest of a New Regulatory and Supervisory Landscape." Journal of Corporate Law Studies 11, no. 1 (April 2011): 139–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/147359711795344172.

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Nur Azizah, Rizka Awaliya, and Agung Abdullah. "Analisis Pengetahuan Generasi Milenial Non Muslim Terhadap Bank Syariah di Kota Solo." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 8, no. 2 (December 3, 2023): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/ijoieb.v8i2.2068.

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This study aims to determine the knowledge level of non-Muslim millennial generation towards Islamic banks in Solo City. This type of research uses a qualitative methode with the Accidental Sampling technique by interviews with 8 non-Muslim millennial generation respondents. The results of this study, for the first category of knowledge about the existence of Islamic banks, 88% non-Muslim millennial generation knows about the existence of Islamic banks. The second and third category is about operations and the product of Islamic bank has same result above 63 % of non-Muslim millennial generation does not know the operations products and services provided by Islamic banks of Islamic banks. The fourth category about the differences between conventional banks and Islamic banks, only 50% of the non-Muslim millennial generation know about it. The existence of Islamic banks that are universal is not generally known by the non-Muslim millennial generation even its in a big City. Non-Muslim millennials think that knowledge of Islamic banks is only limited to sharia labels without knowing about the operations, products and services of Islamic banks.

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Actavianus, Jimmy Renaldo, and Bintoro Bagus Purmono. "THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY ON LOYALTY THROUGH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND TRUST AS INTERVENING VARIABLES IN PT. BPR UNIVERSAL KALBAR." JEMBA: Journal of Economics, Management, Business and Accounting 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 20–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jemba.v1i4.22.

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Increased competition is marked by the number of existing banks and product or service competition offered, one of which is PT. BPR Universal West Kalimantan. PT. BPR Universal KalBar is one of the banks that carry out conventional business activities, providing services in payment traffic, borrowing, and withdrawing money. Therefore, for the progress of the company, banks need to pay close attention to consumer demand for a product or service to be offered, one of which is by increasing service quality, trust and customer satisfaction to increase customer loyalty to a banking company located in West Kalimantan, namely PT. BPR Universal KalBar in Pontianak. PT. BPR Universal KalBar tries to satisfy and comfort customers with the services provided. If the customer is satisfied with the service provided, the customer will become loyal. The form of this research is quantitative and causal associative. In this study, the authors used an associative and quantitative causal approach. This study's data collection method used a Likert scale questionnaire. The population in this study are customers of PT. BPR Universal KalBar, which uses a savings product for three months. The sampling technique in this study used a non-probability sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling. A total of 201 samples were used as data in this study. The analytical method used in this study uses the SEM-AMOS approach with the SPSS AMOS 24 application. Based on the results of the research that has been analyzed, it is known that service quality significantly affects customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer satisfaction also has a significant effect on Trust and Loyalty. Service Quality has a significant effect on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction. At the same time, Service Quality has no significant effect on Trust. Service Quality has no significant effect on Loyalty through Trust. Customer Satisfaction has no significant effect on Loyalty through Trust.

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Jere, Thomas. "Comparative Analysis of Two German Banks." Interactive science, no. 4 (59) (May 26, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-553801.

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This article explains results of a comparative to test the performance of two top banks in the German banking industry analysis using a financial ratio analysis method. The main determinants considered are solvency and liquidity indicators, which make it possible to observe the risk behaviour of banks before and after the financial crisis. The hypothesis of the study is that the behaviour of German banks depends on bank-specific variables that affect the institution ’s loan policy. The universal banks in Germany can be divided into three main types of institutions: commercial, public sector and cooperative banks. The analysis is carried out on banks of the same category in a decomposed manner. Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank representing the commercial/Private sector. Checking each Bank separately is carried out to detect the similarities or differences that each bank may have in terms of bank performance. The empirical analysis involves a sample of these German banks observed during 2015–2019.

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Pathak, Resham Raj. "Work Life Balance in Nepalese Commercial Banks." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v1i1.22834.

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Work life balance has always been an important issue in social sciences due to its significant influence on career choice, time management, stress management and other important aspects of day to day life of human beings. Moreover, it is universal phenomena. With this context, the study tries to explore and analyze the link between Working hour, income level and organizational support with work-life balance of employees working in selected commercial banks of Nepal. Moreover, the study seeks the necessity to formulate an apparent and specific organization policy to address work life balance in Nepalese Commercial banks.

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Pathak, Resham Raj. "Work Life Balance in Nepalese Commercial Banks." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v2i1.22834.

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Work life balance has always been an important issue in social sciences due to its significant influence on career choice, time management, stress management and other important aspects of day to day life of human beings. Moreover, it is universal phenomena. With this context, the study tries to explore and analyze the link between Working hour, income level and organizational support with work-life balance of employees working in selected commercial banks of Nepal. Moreover, the study seeks the necessity to formulate an apparent and specific organization policy to address work life balance in Nepalese Commercial banks.

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Kumar Basu, Udayan. "Risk Management and Capital Adequacy Norms for Banks." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 3 (October 2005): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050302.

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The overall banking scenario has undergone a dramatic change in the wake of liberalization of markets and advent of the concept of universal banking. Commercial banks can now operate as veritable financial supermarkets offering all kinds of services under one roof. The various regulatory requirements and the presence of NPAs in banks' balance sheets introduce certain rigidities in their operating parameters. Besides, the investment options expose them to market and project risks, and brings the issue of financial fragility to the foreground. In view of the new kinds of risk affecting banks and increasing global competition faced by them, their capitalization and the efficacy of the regulatory and supervisory norms assume a greater significance. The current article explores the impact of possible changes in CRR and SLR on a bank's cut-off risk, i.e. the maximum permissible risk without any default, as well as its dependence on interest rate and capital adequacy ratio. Basel II norms for taking market risk into account, the use of Value at Risk as its measure and the recent guideline by Reserve Bank of India to relate the overall market exposure to net worth, have been examined. A method towards selection of an appropriate capital adequacy ratio to cover market risks has also been proposed.

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Gassouma, Mohamed, and Kais Ben-Ahmed. "The role of foreign banks in the transmission of monetary policy: Empirical evidence from Tunisia." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 228 (2021): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2128101g.

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This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effect of monetary policy shocks on credit supply in Tunisia, using a vector autoregressive model and a nonlinear interactive model. The focus is on the magnitude of these shocks in the presence of foreign banks. The variables of interest are the concentration index of deposit banks, and monetary policy shocks based on the monthly data of 27 universal and business banks covering the period 1993 to 2016. The results support a positive and significant impact of concentration index on credit supply. However, monetary policy shocks appear to have no significant effect when the market is concentrated with the entry of foreign banks. The findings of this study also reveal that the entry of foreign banks neutralises monetary policy shock transmission in the credit supply, which may be offset by market discipline.

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Prorokowski, Lukasz, and Hubert Prorokowski. "Comprehensive risk measure – current challenges." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-09-2013-0033.

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Purpose – This paper, based on case-studies with five universal banks from Europe and North America, aims to investigate which types of comprehensive risk measure (CRM) models are being used in the industry, the challenges being faced in implementation and how they are being currently rectified. Undoubtedly, CRM remains the most challenging and ambiguous measure applied to the correlation trading book. The turmoil surrounding the new regulatory framework boils down to the Basel Committee implementing a range of capital charges for market risk to promote “safer” banking in times of financial crisis. This report discusses current issues faced by global banks when complying with the complex set of financial rules imposed by Basel 2.5. Design/methodology/approach – The current research project is based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five universal banks to explore the strides major banks are taking to introduce CRM modelling while complying with the new regulatory requirements. Findings – There are three measures introduced by the Basel Committee to serve as capital charges for market risk: incremental risk charge; stressed value at risk and CRM. All of these regulatory-driven measures have met with strong criticism for their cumbersome nature and extremely high capital charges. Furthermore, with banks facing imminent implementation deadlines, all challenges surrounding CRM must be rectified. This paper provides some practical insights into how banks are finalising the new methodologies to comply with Basel 2.5. Originality/value – The introduction of CRM and regulatory approval of new internal market risk models under Basel 2.5 has exerted strong pressure on global banks. The issues and computational challenges surrounding the implementation of CRM methodologies are currently fiercely debated among the affected banks. With little guidance from regulators, it remains very unclear how to implement, calculate and validate CRM in practice. To this end, a need for a study that sheds some light on practices with developing and computing CRM emerged. On submitting this paper to the journal, we have received news that JP Morgan is to pay four regulators $920 million as a result of a CRM-related scandal.

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Kong, Yusheng, Sampson, Geoffrey Bentum-Micah, and Michael. "Corporate Governance and Banking Stability: The Case of Universal Banks in Ghana." International Journal of Economics and Business Administration VIII, Special Issue 1 (August 1, 2020): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/553.

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Li, Kaodui, Yusheng Kong, Sampson, Geoffrey Bentum-Micah, and Michael. "Corporate Governance and Banking Stability: The Case of Universal Banks in Ghana." International Journal of Economics and Business Administration VIII, Special Issue 1 (August 1, 2020): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/559.

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E. K, Dr Agbaeze, and I. O. Onwuka. "Basel III and Abolition of Universal Banking Model – Implication for Nigerian Banks." IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance 2, no. 5 (2014): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5933-0250115.

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Kaur, Gagandeep. "Perception of bank employees’ towards working environment of selected Indian universal banks." International Journal of Bank Marketing 33, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 58–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2013-0117.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the job satisfaction level of universal bank employees in India. It focusses on identifying the factors of job satisfaction and their influence on the overall job satisfaction of universal bank employees. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from a sample of 380 bank employees using convenience sampling technique. Findings – The results of exploratory factor analysis reveal that eight factors, i.e. workplace environment, supervision, cooperation from peers, work discrimination, employee acceptance, work allocation, job security and remuneration extracted as important determinants of job satisfaction. The results of multiple regression analysis shows that supervision, cooperation from peers, work allocation and employee acceptance (independent variables) influences the level of job satisfaction (dependent variable of bank employees. Originality/value – Since liberalization, banking sector is considered to be one of the major recruiters. People prefer bank as a career and social status. In order to further improve the satisfaction level of bank employees, bank management should provide regular feedback to the employees about their performance. In the absence of feedback, employees will be discouraged because they do not know how they are doing or may believe their contribution is unacknowledged. The most important factor effecting employee satisfaction with their job is their immediate supervisor. Many employees dislike their supervisor though they like the work they do. To make employees happier in their position, stay longer and the most important to ensure that customers receive better services, banks must start improving the management skills of supervisors.

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Singh, Jaspal, and Gagandeep Kaur. "Determinants of Job Satisfaction in Select Indian Universal Banks-An Empirical Study." Asia Pacific Business Review 5, no. 4 (October 2009): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097324700900500404.

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Vennet, Rudi Vander. "Cost and Profit Efficiency of Financial Conglomerates and Universal Banks in Europe." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 34, no. 1 (2002): 254–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mcb.2002.0036.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Universal banks'

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