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1
Yu, Qing. "Performance Research of VW-1-011 Type Ball and Cage Universal Joint." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.114.
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VW-1-011 type ball and cage universal joint is applied widely in automobile, which performance directly affects the safety of car driving. It is important significance to research the performance of cage-type universal joint as its force complex. The diversity important position of ball and cage is analyzed by FEA ALGOR software in paper, and the distribution of stress or strain is obtained, which the results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the designer of Cage-type universal joint.
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Xu, Hao, Jinghong Zhao, and Sinian Yan. "Parameter Calculation and Rotor Structure Optimization Design of Solid Rotor Induction Motors." Sensors 25, no. 9 (2025): 2929. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092929.
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Solid rotor induction motors have a solid body rotor, which leads to low efficiency and power factor, and currently, the rotor is mostly optimized by slotted and squirrel cage structures. A generalized multilayer analytical model for different rotor structures is established, which can consider the effects of rotor eddy currents and saturation, based on which a generalized equivalent circuit model is established. The effects of number of slots, depth of slots, width of slots, squirrel cage material and end ring thickness on rotor impedance, torque and rotor losses are analyzed. On this basis, with efficiency, power factor, starting torque and starting current as the optimization objectives, and the number of slots, slot depth, slot width, squirrel cage material and end ring thickness as the optimization variables, the optimization schemes of slotted rotor and squirrel cage rotor are obtained by using the three-dimensional finite element method. The theoretical analysis is verified by finite element simulation and prototype experiment, and the results show that the electromagnetic parameters of solid rotor induction motors with different rotor structures can be accurately calculated using the universal magnetic field analytical model and the universal equivalent circuit model with an error within 5.8%. Slotted and squirrel cage rotors can effectively improve the motor power factor and efficiency, but this will lead to a decrease in starting performance. For the optimization function established in this paper, compared with the smooth rotor, the performance of the squirrel cage rotor is improved by 6.08%, which verifies the accuracy and validity of this paper and the optimization design scheme.
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Pastore, R., A. Coniglio, A. de Candia, A. Fierro, and M. Pica Ciamarra. "Cage-jump motion reveals universal dynamics and non-universal structural features in glass forming liquids." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2016, no. 5 (2016): 054050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2016/05/054050.
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Cai, Yun Guang, Yan Li, and Yao Chen Shi. "Contact Stress Analysis and Optimization Design of Ball Cage Patterned Constant Speed Universal Joint." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 1172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.1172.
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This paper takes ball cage patterned constant speed universal joint of as the research object. Using the 3 d modeling software solidworks to establish solid model and simplified it . Based on ANSYS, do finite element contact stress analysis by the universal joint of the two kinds of condition. find out the weak part,through the improvement of raceway design parameters, Relieve the stress concentration phenomenon, reduces the maximum stress, increases the service life of universal joint.
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Zuska, Andrzej. "Vibration in the System of the Birfield-Rzeppa Constant Velocity Universal Joint." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 102, no. 4 (2023): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am/177006.
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The paper presents the analysis of the motion of the intermediate element in the Birfield-Rzeppa joint. The joint is applied, among others, in automotive vehicles as an element of the drive shaft. The cage along with the balls form the intermediate element of the joint. The vibration of the element is activated during the drive shaft rotation. The vibration is enforced kinematically by the mechanism constraints. The constraints are determined by the assumed clutch geometry. The aim of the paper is to determine the variability course of the kinematic quantities characterizing the intermediate element motion of the Birfield-Rzeppa constant velocity universal joint. If the transmission function and the second position function of the clutch lead to the fluctuation of the angular velocity value and the angular acceleration of the cage along with the balls, then vibration is generated within the joint. The paper shows that drive shaft interference can be reduced by using a vibration reduction system. The article does not present an analysis aimed at reducing vibrations. Only the need for its use in the case of serious disturbances has been demonstrated.
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Khamidov, O. R., and A. V. Grishchenko. "Locomotive asynchronous traction motor rolling bearing fault detection based on current intelligent methods." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (2021): 042084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042084.
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Abstract The paper is devoted to current issues of locomotive asynchronous traction motor (ATEM) fault detection using neural networks. Developed sophisticated intelligent methods for monitoring and inspecting the technical condition of ATE bearings. Current absorption spectra are analysed to assess the technical condition of the induction bearing units. The mechanical vibration frequencies of a squirrel cage induction motor are presented. The method of artificial neural networks which are universal approximators and can effectively and efficiently solve problems of monitoring and diagnostics of technical condition of locomotive induction traction motors is applied. A neural network model and framework for monitoring the technical condition of ATED bearings has been developed. They are based on rules and user-provided facts to recognise the situation, make a diagnosis, formulate a solution or make a recommendation. The main failures of the bearing units of squirrel cage ATED are analysed. A methodology has been developed to build a neural network model of the ATED. The structure and architecture of the artificial neural network is defined. An experimental research has been conducted. The results enable the determination of bearing faults in asynchronous traction motors with squirrel cage rotor.
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Morris, Kyle L., Joseph R. Jones, Mary Halebian, et al. "Cryo-EM of multiple cage architectures reveals a universal mode of clathrin self-assembly." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 26, no. 10 (2019): 890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41594-019-0292-0.
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Montgomery, Emaline M., Barb L. Cannon, and Christopher M. Pearce. "Exploring Biofouling Control by the California Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus californicus) in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) with Organic Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Fishes 8, no. 9 (2023): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8090430.
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The growth of biofouling on aquaculture infrastructure is a universal challenge. Standard industry practices to remove biofouling in finfish aquaculture typically include in situ net cleaning via power washing. Since those cleaning practices can be potentially harmful to fish-gill health and expensive, development of other non-toxic biofouling controls is an industry priority. Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers are potentially well suited for biofouling control due to their feeding mechanism, but remain relatively untested in this capacity. We examined the use of California sea cucumbers (Apostichopus californicus) to control biofouling on cages containing adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at a commercial farming operation. Four cage types were established: cages with salmon and sea cucumbers, cages with salmon only, cages with sea cucumbers only, and cages without either species. Results showed that the sea cucumbers actively fed on biofouling when salmon were absent (~16% cleaner on average) but preferred to consume uneaten feed/faeces at the bottom of the cages, neglecting the biofouling, when the salmon were present. It is hypothesized that biofouling control in cages with salmon may be possible with an increased density of sea cucumbers. This is the first study to examine the use of sea cucumbers as a direct net biofouling control agent with adult fish. Our results will be beneficial for industry to develop standard operating procedures for using California sea cucumbers as a biofouling control and could contribute to the development of a management framework for sea cucumber/salmon integrated multi-tropic aquaculture.
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Zhu, Xiuxing, Yingpeng Xu, Weixia Zhou, Guigen Ye, and Bo Zhou. "Research on Parameter Design Method and Motion Characteristics of a Ball Cage Flexible Joint." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207591.
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The flexible joint is an important part in ultra-short-radius drilling tools, and its structural parameters and motion characteristics are key factors affecting the success of drilling. In this work, a new type of ball cage flexible joint, which is applied in 5″ and 5.5″ cased wells, was proposed based on the working principle of the ball cage universal joint. A structural parameter design method for the ball cage flexible joint was established according to the geometric coordination relation and material strength theory. Using this new method, the length, diameter, and window size of the ball cage flexible joint were analyzed. The multi-body motion process was further analyzed using a multi-body dynamics method, and then the motion characteristics, such as impact contact force, isokinetic characteristics, transfer efficiency, deflection torque and so on, were studied. Based on the above analyses, the structural parameters of the designed joint were optimized by means of the orthogonal test method. Results demonstrate that the experimental ball cage flexible joint has excellent isokinetic transmission characteristic, which can effectively suppress vibration and shock caused by changes in rotational speed. The transmission efficiency of the structure was 89.8%, while the power loss rate was 0.102%. According to the orthogonal test analysis, the optimal structure of the flexible joint has a ball seat diameter of 80 mm, a ball head diameter of 62 mm, and a ball key diameter of 16 mm. It is important to note that the ball key diameter was the most influential factor on the flexible joint internal contact force. The ball key contact force varied periodically, and there was a significant phase difference between the contact forces of different balls. On the other hand, with an increase in the flexible joint working angle, the deflection torque increased gradually, and the vibration amplitude of the torque increased. This work can provide reference for the parameter optimization design of the new flexible joint.
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Olaniyan, A. M., and K. Oje. "Process Conditions Governing Mechanical Expression of Shea Butter from Crushed Shea Kernel under Uni-Axial Compression." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 10 (July 2013): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.10.37.
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Mechanical expression of shea butter from shea kernel (Vitelaria paradoxa) was studied using a 43factorial experiment under a Randomized Complete Block Design. The mechanical expression rig comprised an instrumented pistoncylinder assembly in conjunction with a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Shea butter was mechanically expressed through the perforated base of the press cage cylinder when crushed shea kernel was subjected to uniaxial compressive loading by the UTM. The process conditions were heating temperatures of 50, 70, 90 and 110 °C; applied pressures of 1.5, 2.9, 5.8 and 8.8 MPa and loading speeds of 2.50, 5.00, 7.50 and 10.00 mm min-1. Heating of the crushed shea kernel samples prior to shea butter extraction was achieved by a temperaturecontrolled band heater enfolding the press cage cylinder. Results showed that a maximum oil yield of 35.10 %, a maximum oil recovery efficiency of 58.50 % and a minimum process loss of 2.83 % were obtained at a heating temperature of about 70 °C, an applied pressure of about 8.8 MPa and a loading speed of about 2.50 mm min-1.
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Amirouche, F., J. Mok, R. Leonardo Diaz, C. Forsthoefel, and A. Hussain. "BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF LATERAL LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION VERSUS A POSTERIOR FIXATION WITH PEDICLE SCREWS AND RODS USING A HUMAN CADAVERIC MODEL." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_8 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.8.043.
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Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) has biomechanical advantages due to the preservation of ligamentous structures (ALL/PLL), and optimal cage height afforded by the strength of the apophyseal ring. We compare the biomechanical motion stability of multiple levels LLIF (4 segments) utilising PEEK interbody 26mm cages to stand-alone cage placement and with supplemental posterior fixation with pedicle screw and rods.Six lumbar human cadaver specimens were stripped of the paraspinal musculature while preserving the discs, facet joints, and osteoligamentous structures and potted. Specimens were tested under 5 conditions: intact, posterior bilateral fixation (L1-L5) only, LLIF-only, LLIF with unilateral fixation and LLIF with bilateral fixation. Non-destructive testing was performed on a universal testing machine (MTS Systems Corp) to produce flexion-extension, lateral-bending, and axial rotation using customized jigs and a pulley system to define a non-constraining load follower. Three-dimensional spine motion was recorded using a motion device (Optotrak).Results are reported for the L3-L4 motion segment within the construct to allow comparison with previously published works of shorter constructs (1-2 segments). In all conditions, there was an observed decrease in ROM from intact in flexion/extension (31%-89% decrease), lateral bending (19%-78%), and axial rotation (37%-60%). At flexion/extension, the decreases were statistically significant (p<0.007) except for stand-alone LLIF. LLIF+unilateral had similar decreases in all planes as the LLIF+bilateral condition. The observed ROM within the 4-level construct was similar to previously reported results in 1-2 levels for stand-alone LLIF and LLIF+bilateral.Surgeons may be concerned about the biomechanical stability of an approach utilizing stand-alone multilevel LLIF. Our results show that 4-level multilevel LLIF utilizing 26 mm cages demonstrated ROM comparable to short-segment LLIF. Stand-alone LLIF showed a decrease in ROM from the intact condition. The addition of posterior supplemental fixation resulted in an additional decrease in ROM. The results suggest that unilateral posterior fixation may be sufficient.
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Wang, Shiqiang, Yali Cao, Wei Jia, Zhenjiang Lu, and Dianzeng Jia. "A cage-confinement strategy to fabricate Pt-Mo6Co6C heterojunction for highly efficient PH-universal hydrogen evolution." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 298 (December 2021): 120579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120579.
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Zhao, Zhan Feng, and Li Xin Yang. "Research on Progressive Die Design for Asymmetric U-Shaped Contactor." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.701.
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The pressing technologies and the forming difficulties of the asymmetric U-shaped contactor were analyzed. The strip layout was designed for progressive pressing from piercing to bending. The die structure was designed in three plates mode, guiding with ball cage bush and pillar mechanism. The multiple steps bending stations and sliding inclined wedge mechanism were designed to implement the critical forming function. The volume production proved that this toolset’s structure was robust at high stamping speed and the products meet the high quality criteria. A valuable universal design rule was concluded for similar product’s toolset design.
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Jain, Mantu, Rabi Narayan Sahu, Sudarsan Behera, Rajesh Rana, Sujit Kumar Tripathy, and Ashish Pattnaik. "Standalone Instrumented Posterior Approach Used as Universal Approach for Tuberculosis Spondylodiscitis." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 10, no. 02 (2019): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_294_18.
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ABSTRACT Background: Surgical management of spinal tuberculosis (TB) has been classically the anterior, then combined, and of late increasingly by the posterior approach. The posterior approach has been successful in early disease. There has been a paradigm shift and inquisitive to explore this approach in the more advanced and even long-segment disease. Our study is a retrospective analysis by authors in variable disease pattern of TB Spine operated at an institute using a single posterior approach. Settings and Design: A retrospective case study series in a tertiary level hospital. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiological results of an all posterior instrumented approach used as a “universal approach” in tubercular spondylodiscitis of variable presentation. Materials and Methods: The study is from January 2015 to May 2018. Twenty-four of 38 patients met the inclusion criterion with a male: female = 8:16, and mean age 44.26 years. The initial diagnosis of TB was based on clinic-radiologic basis. Their level of affection, number of vertebrae affected, and vertebral body collapse, the kyphosis (preoperative, predicted, postoperative, and final residual) and bony fusion were measured in the preoperative, postoperative, and final X rays. Functional scoring regarding visual analog scale and Frankel neurology grading was done at presentation and follow-up of patients. Histopathological data of all patients were collected and anti-tubercular therapy completed for a period of 1 year with 4 drugs (HRZE) for 2 months and 2 drugs (HR) for rest of period. Statistical Analysis Used: The descriptive data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and other parameters were calculated using the appropriate statistical tests such as the Student paired t-test for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, visual analog scale score, and kyphosis. Results: The mean number of vertebrae involved was 3.29 ± 0.86 (2–6) with mean vertebral body destruction was 0.616. Preoperatively, the mean kyphosis angle was 22.42° ± 12.56° and was corrected postoperatively to 13.08° ± 11.34° with an average correction of 9.34° (41.66%). At the latest follow-up, there was mean loss of correction of 0.80° resulting in 13.88° of final correction. Bony fusion was achieved in 20 patients (83.33%) cases. Neurological recovery occurred in all patients (100%), and 92% could be ambulatory at 1 year follow-up. There was improvement of visual analog scale from 6.33 ± 1.05 preoperatively to 1.042 ± 0.75 at 3 months of postoperative period. Two patients had bed sore, two had urinary infection, and one had neurological worsening requiring re exploration and cage removal eventually recovering to Frankel E. Two patients died due to unrelated cause. Conclusions: The procedure in safe and has satisfactory results in variable group affection of Pott’s spine including early and late disease, multisegment involvement using pedicle screw fixation with/without cage support.
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Cai, Yun Guang, Yao Chen Shi, and Yan Li. "Dynamic Performance Simulation Analysis and Experimental Research of Ball Cage Patterned Constant Speed Universal Joint Based on Workbench." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2719.
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This paper used the 3d modeling software to establish SOLID model and simplified it. And it used ANSYS workbench to make the simulation analysis on dynamic performance of the universal joint. Compared undamped free vibration modal analysis with the inherent frequency measurement experimental results, to verify the accuracy of the finite element model, and prove its no resonance phenomenon.
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Tschauner, Oliver. "Systematics of Crystalline Oxide and Framework Compression." Crystals 14, no. 2 (2024): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020140.
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A universal equation of state of solids is one of the far goals of condensed matter science. Here, it is shown that within pressures of 2–100 GPa, the compression of oxides and oxide-based networks follows a linear relation between the molar volume and the combined ionic volume that is based on the pressure-dependent crystal radii at any pressure. This relation holds for simple and complex oxides and modified networks such as alumosilicates, beryllosilicates, borates, and empty zeolites. Available compression data for halides and metal-organic frameworks are also consistent with this relation. Thus, the observed relation also serves as a measure for pore-space filling in cage structures.
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Hannah, Daniel. "Breathing the "Air of Reality" in Henry James's In the Cage." Victorian Review 50, no. 1 (2024): 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2024.a956304.
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Abstract: This essay makes a case for the significance of air as a material presence and shaping force for the imaginative adventures of the unnamed telegraphist at the centre of Henry James's In the Cage (1898). While previous critics have thoroughly examined the tale's interest in telegraphy, such scholarship has tended to miss the text's more broadly sensorial interest in the medium through which telegraphic communication travels. By drawing our attention to the air as a substantive medium in which the tale's characters breathe, move, observe, and communicate and as a visible, odorous record of various cultural economies, James's novella invites us to consider the shaping power of environments for the self and society. The novella's representation of smell, breath, and the human need for fresh air locates the telegraphist's imaginings as a complicated, biopolitical product of and escape from her material life. Air floats in the novella as a democratic medium traversing the bars of the cage, a universal element allowing for both respiration and contagion and rendering social divisions somewhat arbitrary. But the telegraphist's imaginative adventures also represent an uneasy critique of the ways in which culture and commerce can shape an individual's access to clean air, and, ultimately, a querying of realism's capacity to adequately capture the living, breathing body.
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Bunkov, Dmitriy. "OFF-LINE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM OF SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MACHINE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS BY A FALLING PHASE CURRENT CURVE." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-1-5-23.
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Relevance The construction of the most popular and widespread, according to the author, a field oriented control system for squirrel-cage (SC) induction machine (IM) is based on the use of a linear mathematical model IM, the parameters of which are represented by a T-shaped equivalent circuit without taking into account magnetic core loses. The most domestic frequency converters (FC) do not have a built-in universal option for estimation of IM equivalent circuit parameters under the condition of the rotor non-rotatable, which in turn is the standard for the most advanced foreign manufacturers. Thus, the construction of offline identification algorithms is especially important in the development of software for universal domestically produced frequency converters, capable of working with different AM models, which increases their competitiveness. Aim of research To develop an algorithm for off-line identification of non-rotating SC IM equivalent circuit parameters by a stator falling current curve using the differential evolution method based on the obtained analytical mathematical model, and also to check the correctness of the obtained parameter estimates using analysis of regression residuals. Research methods In this study, theoretical and experimental research methods were used. The theoretical methods include: the theory of electric drive, the theory of automatic control systems, the theory of electrical machines, the theory of differential equations, as well as methods for compiling and solving systems of linear and non-linear algebraic equations, direct and inverse Laplace transform, optimization methods. Experimental studies were carried out on a hardware-software complex, where regression analysis methods were used to evaluate the accuracy of the results. Results An adaptive regression mathematical model has been developed that describes in an analytical form the process of SC non-rotating IM stator current falling. Based on the developed adaptive regression mathematical model, an algorithm of induction motor equivalent circuit parameters estimation was formed by the method of differential evolution. Using the analysis of regression residuals, confirmed the correctness of estimated IM equivalent circuit parameters obtained using the developed preliminary identification algorithm based on the experimental falling current curves. Keywords: equivalent circuit, induction machine, analysis of regression residuals, offline identification, differential evolution, optimization
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Clark, Ian J., Alessandra Crispini, Paul S. Donnelly, et al. "Variations on a Cage Theme: Some Complexes of Bicyclic Polyamines as Supramolecular Synthons." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 10 (2009): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09356.
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Dedication: One of Alan Sargeson’s great abilities was to seek out knowledge on topics of which he was not the master from those people with the expertise. This led occasionally to publications with a ‘cricket team’ of authors but with a rich brew of information, often international. Alan also insisted that all authors were equal since, without any one, the paper would not be what it was. Hence, he endeavoured to pursue the policy, difficult to maintain over a period where an obsession with absurdities such as the order of authors and point-scoring based on meaningless publication indices became so important in the maintenance of research, of listing authors simply in alphabetical order. In describing work begun while he was still with us, we have attempted to adhere to his principles. Analysis of a body of crystallographic information concerning metal(ii) and metal(iii) complexes of macrobicyclic hexamine ligands and some of their derivatives provides evidence for the action of a variety of intermolecular forces within the lattices. Hydrogen bonding is universal and its forms depend strongly upon the oxidation state and the particular nature of the metal ion bound to the macrobicycle. The introduction of both aliphatic and aromatic substituents leads to lattices in which these substituents associate, although, in the case of aromatic substituents, this is not necessarily a consequence of ‘π-stacking’, despite the fact that the aromatic ring planes form parallel arrays. At least in the case of CoIII, stable enantiomers of the complexes can be obtained, and in {Δ-(+)589-[Co{(NH3)(CH3)sar}]}2Cl2(C6(CO2)6)·26H2O (sar = 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexa-azabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane), the benzene hexacarboxylate anion adopts a chiral conformation in the presence of the optically active cation.
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Malyar, V. S., O. Ye Hamola, V. S. Maday, and I. I. Vasylchyshyn. "Mathematical modelling of starting modes of induction motors with squirrel-cage rotor." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.2.02.
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Purpose. Development of methods and algorithms for calculation of starting modes of the induction motors with the squirrel-cage rotor. Methodology. Mathematical modelling of starting modes of asynchronous electric drives in various coordinate systems with the use of numerical methods for solving boundary problems for systems of differential equations and nonlinear systems of final equations and calculation with their use of static characteristics. Results. Methods and algorithms for numerical analysis of the starting modes of asynchronous electric drive have been developed, which make it possible to calculate the static characteristics and transients in fixed three-phase and orthogonal two-phase coordinate systems. Academic novelty. Known in the literature methods of calculation of starting modes have in their basis classical equivalent circuits with different approximate methods of calculating the parameters taking into account the saturation of a magnetic core and current displacement in a rotor winding. This approach requires a special solution of the adequacy problem for each problem. The methods described in the article for the saturation accounting use real magnetization characteristics of the main magnetic flux and leakage fluxes separately, and the skin effect phenomenon is taken into account by representing the squirrel-cage rotor winding as multilayer. Such mathematical model of the motor is universal and makes it possible to take into account the saturation and current displacement in any dynamic mode, including the start-up process. Mathematical models developed on the basis of the proposed methods provide the adequacy of results with a minimum amount of calculations and make it possible to perform optimization calculations. Practical value. Created on the basis of developed algorithms calculation programs allow to carry out with high reliability calculation of starting modes both in three-phase and two-phase axes of coordinates that gives the chance to analyze not only symmetric, but also asymmetric modes and to predict special features of functioning of system of the electric drive in the set technological conditions of operation and to form requirements to development and adjustment of starting systems with the purpose of maintenance of power effective and reliable operation of system of asynchronous electric drives.
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V., S. Malyar, Ye. Hamola O., S. Maday V., and I. Vasylchyshyn I. "Mathematical modelling of starting modes of induction motors with squirrel-cage rotor." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2021.2.02.
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<strong><em>Purpose.</em></strong><em> Development of methods and algorithms for calculation of starting modes of the induction motors with the squirrel-cage rotor. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Mathematical modelling of starting modes of asynchronous electric drives in various coordinate systems with the use of numerical methods for solving boundary problems for systems of differential equations and nonlinear systems of final equations and calculation with their use of static characteristics. <strong>Results.</strong> Methods and algorithms for numerical analysis of the starting modes of asynchronous electric drive have been developed, which make it possible to calculate the static characteristics and transients in fixed three-phase and orthogonal two-phase coordinate systems. <strong>Academic novelty.</strong> Known in the literature methods of calculation of starting modes have in their basis classical equivalent circuits with different approximate methods of calculating the parameters taking into account the saturation of a magnetic core and current displacement in a rotor winding. This approach requires a special solution of the adequacy problem for each problem. The methods described in the article for the saturation accounting use real magnetization characteristics of the main magnetic flux and leakage fluxes separately, and the skin effect phenomenon is taken into account by representing the squirrel-cage rotor winding as multilayer. Such mathematical model of the motor is universal and makes it possible to take into account the saturation and current displacement in any dynamic mode, including the start-up process. Mathematical models developed on the basis of the proposed methods provide the adequacy of results with a minimum amount of calculations and make it possible to perform optimization calculations. <strong>Practical value</strong>. Created on the basis of developed algorithms calculation programs allow to carry out with high reliability calculation of starting modes both in three-phase and two-phase axes of coordinates that gives the chance to analyze not only symmetric, but also asymmetric modes and to predict special features of functioning of system of the electric drive in the set technological conditions of operation and to form requirements to development and adjustment of starting systems with the purpose of maintenance of power effective and reliable operation of system of asynchronous electric drives.</em>
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Long, Hongnian, Wenlong Liao, Rui Liu, Ruichi Zeng, Qihan Li, and Lihua Zhao. "Significantly Improve the Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Performance of Epoxy Composite by Introducing Boron Nitride and POSS." Nanomaterials 14, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14020205.
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Dielectric materials with superb thermal and electrical properties are highly desired for high-voltage electrical equipment and advanced electronics. Here, we propose a novel strategy to improve the performance of epoxy composites by employing boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and γ-glycidyl ether oxypropyl sesimoxane (G-POSS) as functional fillers. The resultant ternary epoxy composites exhibit high electrical resistivity (1.63 × 1013 Ω·cm) and low dielectric loss (<0.01) due to the ultra-low dielectric constants of cage-structure of G-POSS. In addition, a high thermal conductivity of 0.3969 W·m−1·K−1 is achieved for the epoxy composites, which is 114.66% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. This can be attributed to the high aspect ratio and excellent thermally conductive characteristics of BNNSs, promoting phonon propagation in the composites. Moreover, the epoxy composite simultaneously possesses remarkable dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability. It is believed that this work provides a universal strategy for designing and fabricating multifunctional composites using a combination of different functional fillers.
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Pijoh, Deyv, Dewi Apri Astuti, Sri Supraptini Mansjoer, Dondin Sajuthi, and Irma Herawati Suparto. "KAJIAN TINGKAH LAKU MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca Fascicularis) OBES DALAM KANDANG INDIVIDU." ZOOTEC 40, no. 2 (2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.30455.
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STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF THE LONG TAIL MONKEY (Macaca fascicularis) OBESE IN INDIVIDUAL CAGE. This study was designed to obtain information of development behaviour the obesity of long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) fed with high energy obes diet. The need of obese monkeys highly to model byomedis obesity. Obesity is now a universal problem that needs to be explored and studied. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop obese adult male monkeys with high energy food for 12 months and monitoring their behaviour. Fifteen adult male monkeys 6-8 years old with the weight of between 4-5 kg were divided equally into three groups. The first group was body weight average 4.50 kg, the second group was body weight average 5.00 kg; and the third group was body weight average 4.75 kg. The results showed that body weight gave a significant effect (P <0.01) on daily behaviour and also gave a significant effect (P<0.01) on fed behaviour frequently,drink behaviour, agonistic behaviour, grooming behaviour, and locomotion behaviour .Keywords: Behaviour frequently, Long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis), Obesity)
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Urdapilleta, Eugenio, Francesca Troiani, Federico Stella, and Alessandro Treves. "Can rodents conceive hyperbolic spaces?" Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 107 (2015): 20141214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1214.
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The grid cells discovered in the rodent medial entorhinal cortex have been proposed to provide a metric for Euclidean space, possibly even hardwired in the embryo. Yet, one class of models describing the formation of grid unit selectivity is entirely based on developmental self-organization, and as such it predicts that the metric it expresses should reflect the environment to which the animal has adapted. We show that, according to self-organizing models, if raised in a non-Euclidean hyperbolic cage rats should be able to form hyperbolic grids. For a given range of grid spacing relative to the radius of negative curvature of the hyperbolic surface, such grids are predicted to appear as multi-peaked firing maps, in which each peak has seven neighbours instead of the Euclidean six, a prediction that can be tested in experiments. We thus demonstrate that a useful universal neuronal metric, in the sense of a multi-scale ruler and compass that remain unaltered when changing environments, can be extended to other than the standard Euclidean plane.
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Horowicz, Edmund Marcus. "The zone of parental control, the “gilded cage” and the deprivation of a child’s liberty: getting around Article 5." Tizard Learning Disability Review 22, no. 1 (2017): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-05-2016-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to specifically analyse whether parents should have the legal authority to authorise a deprivation of liberty for children with a learning disability. As a result of parental consent being recognised as holding legal authority, these children have their right to liberty under Article 5 engaged. It will be argued that the courts’ failure to support this view stems from the confusing concept of the “zone of parental control”. Design/methodology/approach A doctrinal methodology is used, examining domestic law and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), with analysis of relevant literature. Findings Decisions regarding deprivation of liberty in children under the age of 16 should undoubtedly include parental consent. The concern expressed here is the sovereignty of parental consent over all else. The law is confusing. In one respect rights under the ECHR are universal. However, both UK and European courts have accepted the premise that it is entirely within the zone of parental control to effectively deprive a child of liberty without procedural or judicial review. Furthermore, there are wider potential issues for children being considered to be deprived of liberty following Cheshire West. Originality/value The paper is a discussion piece that is critical of the existing law and uses the literature and original opinions to recommend an alternative approach.
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Trishevsky, O.I., and V.A. Moskvina. "Features of the power calculation of universal stands of the roll forming mill." Engineering of nature management, no. 1(23) (March 22, 2022): 68–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6819404.
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The paper deals with the issues of calculation and design of structures of universal stands of roll forming mills intended for the production of low-tonnage batches of roll-formed profiles for agricultural engineering. It has been established that among the many publications on the issues of technology and equipment for profiling, there is no information regarding the power calculation of mill equipment that could be used in the design of new mills for the manufacture of profiles in small-tonnage batches. The aim of the work is to determine the forces and torques acting on the structural elements of the universal working stand of the roll forming mill for the general case of forming a sectioned asymmetric profile of the channel type, as well as to develop an equivalent design scheme for the action of these forces for the force calculation of the mill stand when desig new equipment. Based on the studies performed, expressions were determined for calculating the total forces from bending the shelves and the channel wall, as well as the torques acting on the working surfaces of the vertical non-driven rolls of the universal working stand, an equivalent design scheme of the forces acting on the frame and the reactions of the corresponding supports, which can be used for force calculations of universal stands of newly designed roll forming equipment
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Myrkhalykov Zh., Stepanov S., Kaldybaev R., Aripbaeva A., and Satayev M. "USE OF THREADS FROM ULTRA-HIGH-MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REINFORCING FRAMES FOR FIRE PRESSURE HOSES AS ONE OF THE DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THEIR OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS." BULLETIN 6, no. 388 (2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.177.
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The problem of choosing the material of synthetic threads for the production of reinforcing cages of fire pressure hoses with improved performance is considered. A promising direction for the production of new durable and high-tech fire pressure hose is proposed. Using along with traditional polyester yarns based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE-threads) which, along with carbon and aramid threads belong to the three “superthreads” and differ from traditional threads, it will increase the strength and resistance to abrasion. Such a fire pressure hose will have significantly higher operational characteristics compared to traditional sleeves based on only polyester threads. The resistance of fire pressure hose to abrasion wear will increase several times (due to the use of UHMWPE threads) under the same operating conditions in intensity, the reliability and durability of the fire pressure hose will increase several times, the strength of the fire pressure hose will increase by at least two, and it will meet the requirements of GOST not only on working pressure 1.6 MPa but also 3.0 MPa (at least for sleeves with a diameter of 38 mm, 51 mm, 66 mm, 79 mm) which makes it universal. The use of a complex synthetic threads consisting of a polyester threads and an equally strong UHMWPE threads in the fire pressure hose reinforcing cage will provide significantly higher performance characteristics of the fire pressure hose compared to traditional sleeves based on polyester threads. Despite the rise in price of the fire pressure hose, due to the use of UHMWPE threads, the strength, wear resistance, reliability and durability of the fire pressure hose increase in several times. A patent has been obtained for use in fire pressure hose of weft complex synthetic threads consisting of traditional polyester threads and UHMWPE threads.
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Abrahamian, L. A. "Notes on the Poetics of Parajanov." Critique and Semiotics 37, no. 2 (2019): 10–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2019-2-10-46.
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The author in the form of notes discusses the poetics of Parajanov’s creativity – his realized and unrealized films, collages and life episodes. The film “The Color of Pomegranates” is analyzed in more detail, in which the author acted in a few episodes and is therefore familiar with some of the inner sides of its creation. It is shown how Parajanov visualizes the poetry of the 18th century poet and ashugh (bard) Sayat-Nova, building a new type of poetic cinema, using visual rhymes and repetitions. When the film director was deprived of the opportunity to make movies, he created collages – “pressed films”. The Parajanovian methods of creating collages and the collage principle of his films are explored. The sources and tendencies of the development of Parajanov’s artistic works, his understanding of the canon and improvisation, methods of constructing and transforming images are analyzed. The film director’s adherence to universal color classifications (red, white, black) is revealed with the apparent polychrome coloring of his films and to multivalued and archetypical semantic images, such as “window-cage” or “window-frame-mirror” triad, the last member of which allows the director to operate with twin and androgynous images.
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Frolov, Denis V., Andrej A. Zajcev, and Marina A. Shchedrina. "Prospects for the use of respiratory exercisers in patients with traumatic injuries." Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko 4, no. 2 (2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53652/2782-1730-2023-4-2-55-60.
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Chest injuries sustained during armed conflict have a high mortality rate and are accompanied by pulmonary dysfunction. Pulmonary contusion is manifested by rupture of pulmonary parenchyma, atelectasis, and hemorrhages in pulmonary parenchyma. The treatment strategy for such patients includes anesthesia, management of acute respiratory failure, treatment of infectious complications, sanation of airways, and rehabilitation measures. One of the goals of such interventions is the elimination of respiratory biomechanics disorders. It is recommended to use respiratory exercisers with a threshold level of resistance for the process of inhalation and exhalation to train respiratory muscles. At the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko the possibility of application of the respiratory simulator "Universal-2011" as a therapeutic physical training tool in the hospital phase of treatment of patients with thoracic trauma was studied. The efficacy of the carried activities was evaluated by functional tests of tolerance to hyper- and hypocapnia of Stange and Gench and the assessment of thoracic cage excursion. The experience of using a respiratory exerciser was observed to be positive. All 25 patients fulfilled the planned program with the achievement of improvement of external respiratory function and exercise tolerance.
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Akhmetov, Adilbek, Ravshan Botirov, and Mansur Amonov. "Wheeled tractor equipped with a mechanism for changing the ground clearance." E3S Web of Conferences 386 (2023): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338603006.
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In accordance with the agricultural row-crops cultivation practices adopted in the Central Asian region, machine-tractor units carry out a large number of passes through the field during the growing season. Consequently, individual sections of the fields are repeatedly affected by the running systems of these machines, which negatively affects soil fertility. The universal row-crop tractors used in cotton production have two types of wheel arrangements: 3W2 and 4W2. Consequently, these arrangements have different natures and magnitude of impact on the soil. Despite a number of advantages of 4-wheeled tractors due to insufficient agrotechnical clearance under the front and rear axles beam, they are not used for inter-row cotton cultivation. Mechanisms including a stepless change in ground clearance, both for the front and rear axles of a 4-wheeled tractor, eliminate these disadvantages and thereby expand the possibilities of their use. The use of a 4-wheeled tractor in field and transport operations has shown that the most loaded parts in the developed mechanism for changing the clearance of the rear axle are rolling supports of the cage on the casing of the rear axle of the tractor.
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Abubakar, Alhassan, and Salifu Arogba Sunday. "Effect of Irvingia gabonensis var. wombolu kernel powder and oil on serum protein profile and enzymatic activities of Wistar albino rat." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 2 (2022): 172–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7652776.
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<em>Irvingia gabonensis </em>Kernel powder and the oil extracts (±testa) were mixed with commercial animal feed (50:50)and fed to groups of animals. Animals in groups A and B were fed with the powder at an equivalent concentration of 67mg/kg body weightwhile those in groups C and D were fed with the equivalent4ml of the oil extract in the mixture. Animals in group E, the control, were fed on the commercial feed only. All the animals were fed in an aluminum cage for 21 days and sacrificed the following day. Blood from the jugular vein was collected in universal bottles and used for determination of protein and enzymatic profiles of these animals. Groups A and B showed appreciable elevation of albumin. Elevated transaminases were indicative of early signs of liver damage. The observation was attributed principally to the phytochemical component of the testa present in these sample types A and C fed to the animals under the restricted dietary laboratory condition. The study has shown that under unrestricted dietary condition, incorporation of <em>Irvingia gabonensis </em>kernel in animal feed had beneficial effects.
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Ali, Fawwaz Fadhil, Shahbaa Khalil AL-Taee, and Zahraa Mustafa AL-Jumaa. "Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq." Veterinary World 13, no. 12 (2020): 2759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2759-2764.
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Background and Aim: Saprolegniasis is a fungal disease that infects freshwater fish. The condition is characterized by a cotton-like appearance in the gills and body. This study aimed to isolate Saprolegnia from common carp, Cyprinus carpio, raised in a floating cage in Wana district, Mosul, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 15 infected fish and examined microbiologically, molecularly, and histopathologically. Saprolegnia DNA was extracted which was amplified using universal primers give a 540 bp DNA fragment, and gill and muscle tissue were also examined for histopathological changes. Results: Isolated colonies of Saprolegnia were characterized by a circular, white cottony appearance with long hair. Lactophenol staining demonstrated hyphae as branched non-septate, transparent masses. The genomic DNA of isolates was consistent with Saprolegnia spp. The infected tissue samples showed variable pathology in gills. Severe hemorrhage and edema were observed in primary gill filaments with hyperplasia in epithelial cells and infusion in secondary gill filaments. Hyphae of Saprolegnia were seen between necrotic and edematous myofiber with inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion: Saprolegnia can cause economic impacts through lethal infection of fish. Clinical signs of Saprolegnia infection were confirmed molecularly and microscopically, and these findings were supported by histopathological lesions in gill and muscle tissues.
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Barzola, Jhonny, and Jonathan Chandi. "Magnetic Field Simulation and Torque-Speed Performance of a Single-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor: An FEM and Experimental Approach." Machines 13, no. 6 (2025): 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060492.
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This study presents a detailed investigation of the torque-speed characteristics of a WEG single-phase squirrel-cage induction motor (SPSCIM) of (1/2 hp), 110/220 V at 60 Hz. The primary objective was to derive the motor’s equivalent circuit and validate its performance curves through finite element analysis (FEA), simulation using MATLAB®/Simulink®, and experimental testing. Finite element simulations were conducted using the software FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics) to model the magnetic flux distribution within the motor’s stator and rotor. These simulations, based on the motor’s dimensions and nameplate data, provided essential insights into the electromagnetic behavior, including flux density and saturation effects, which are crucial for accurate torque-speed curve predictions. For experimental validation, tests were performed under open-circuit and locked-rotor conditions through a universal machine as a load emulator. The torque-speed characteristics were determined using the Suhr method and the classical approach, with the resulting curves compared to experimental measurements. Voltage and current were measured using AC PZEM-004T and DC PZEM-017 meters, while rotor speed was monitored with a Hall effect sensor (A3144). The results revealed strong agreement between the FEM simulations, Surh method, and experimental data, demonstrating the reliability and accuracy of the combined simulation and analytical methods for modeling the motor’s performance. The estimations using classical and Suhr methods, Simulink simulations, and FEMM yielded low error percentages, mostly below 2%. However, in the FEMM simulation, rotor resistance showed a higher error of around 20% due to unavailable data on the exact number of windings turns, a modifiable parameter that can be corrected through further adjustments in the simulation. The torque-speed curves obtained at different voltage levels showed an excellent correlation, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach in characterizing the motor’s operational behavior.
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Chen, Yazhe, Risheng Long, Zhihao Jin, Chen Zhao, and Ming Wang. "Influence of the Distribution of Pits on the Friction and Wear Performance of Textured Rolling Bearings under Starved Lubrication." Lubricants 11, no. 5 (2023): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11050197.
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Most of the published documents on the friction and wear properties of textured contact surfaces with partially distributed units (e.g., dots, grooves) are focused on sliding tribo-pairs or journal bearings. To study the friction and wear performance of rolling bearings with different distributions of pits, several patterns were introduced: OS-1/4 (Outside, 1/4 of raceway), OS-1/2 (Outside, 1/2 of raceway), OS-3/4 (Outside, 3/4 of raceway), IS-1/4 (Inside, 1/4 of raceway), IS-1/2 (Inside, 1/2 of raceway), IS-3/4 (Inside, 3/4 of raceway), TS (Two sides, 2/3 of raceway), FT (fully textured) and SR (Smooth reference), with two circumferential interval angles (CFIAs, 1.5° and 2.0°). The dimensions of the pits are the same in all patterns (diameter of 300 μm and depth of 15 μm), which were only prepared on the raceways of the shaft washers of 81107 bearings (nylon cages) using the laser marking method. All bearings were tested under 4000 N, 250 RPM and starved lubrication using a vertical universal wear test rig. Their mass losses and worn raceways were measured and observed. Their surface equivalent stresses were also analyzed and compared. The obtained results show that the influence of different distributions of pits on the tribological properties of rolling bearings is significant. The friction-reducing and anti-wear performance of TS is acceptable, whether the CFIA is 1.5° or 2.0°. A fully textured pattern cannot provide the best tribological properties and its behavior even becomes worse when the CFIA is 2.0°. In this work, when the CFIA is 1.5°, the friction-reducing and anti-wear performance of OS-1/4 is the best among all patterns. Using a smooth reference as a benchmark for comparison, its friction-reducing and anti-wear performance can be enhanced by 60.46% and 16.05%, respectively. The results of this work will be an important reference for the optimal design of the “washers-cage-rollers” contact system for rolling bearings.
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Abubakar, Alhassan, and Salifu Arogba Sunday. "Renal and electrolyte profiles of Wistar albino rats fed with Irvingia wombolu kernel powder and its oil extract." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 2 (2022): 180–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7652788.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Irvingia gabonensis</em> Kernel powder and the oil extracts with and without testa (±testa)were mixed with commercial animal feed (50:50)and fed to groups of animals. Animals in groups A and B were fed with the powder at an equivalent concentration of 67mg/kg body weight while those in groups C and D were fed with the equivalent4ml of the oil extract in the mixture. Animals in group E, the control, were fed on the commercial feed only. All the animals were fed in an aluminum cage for 21 days and sacrificed the following day. Blood from the jugular vein was collected in universal bottles and used for determination of creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate. It was observed that all the treated groups and the control showed no significant difference (P≥0.05) in their Nak concentrations. There were significant differences(p≤ 0.05) in the K+ concentrations between groups A,B, E and groups C, D respectively .Significant statistical differences(P≤0.05) were also observed in the creatinine concentrations of all the treated groups with the exception of group C. There were higher urea concentrations in groups C and D than A, B and E(P≤0.05).Bicarbonate showed the least concentration in group E with relatively higher concentrations in groups C and D(P≤0.05)
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Byvaltsev, V. A., A. A. Kalinin, A. K. Okoneshnikova, T. T. Kerimbaev, and E. G. Belykh. "Facet Fixation Combined with Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Experience and A New Method of Surgical Treatment of Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Diseases." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 71, no. 5 (2016): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn738.
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Background: For the treatment of patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine the technique of pedicle fixation is widespread, when after open decompression channel structure locking screws are introduced into the vertebral body through the back vertebra legs. We first used a fundamentally new way of fixing the rear using the facet-boards Cage «Facet Wedge», when posterior fixation is done by closing the facet joints with minimally invasive, percutaneous method. We have not found data on the clinical efficacy of facet fixation in scientific literature.Aims: To compare the clinical efficacy of facet fixation combined with interbody fusion in the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease.Materials and methods: The study included 145 patients who were divided into 2 groups. The study group with long-term observation included patients (n=100) who underwent a new method for lumbar fixation; the method comprises unilateral or bilateral implantation of titanium Cage «facet Wedge» in the joint space facet joint in combination with the anterior, lateral, and transforaminal interbody fusion. Clinical comparison group (n=45) included retrospectively recruited patients who were performed titanium pedicle screw installation after open decompression and interbody fusion posterior lumbar fixation. Dynamic observation and comprehensive evaluation of the treatment clinical results was carried out for 18 months after surgery.Results: Cage facet installation technology is quite simple, universal for the stabilization of the rear of the complex after interbody fusion from the front, side, and rear access; and does not require the intraoperative application of expensive high-tech equipment. Comparative analysis of the main group showed significantly better results in terms of the duration of the operation [CG 125 (90; 140) min, the CCG 205 (160; 220) min; p=0.01], the volume of blood loss [CG 80 (70; 120) ml, CCG 350 (300; 550) ml; p=0.008], activation time [CG 2 (1; 2) days, 4 CCG (3; 5) days; p=0.02], length of hospitalization [CG 9 (10; 11) days, the CCG 13 (12; 15) days; p=0.03], the level of pain on a visual analog scale [CG 3 (2; 4) mm, CCG 15 (12; 18) mm; p=0.001], quality of life (by index Oswestry) [CG 8 (6; 8) points, the CCG 23 (20; 28) points, p=0.003], and labor rehabilitation [CG 3 (2; 6) months, CCG 9 (6; 12) months; p=0.0001]. The number of postoperative complications in group 1 was 13%, in the 2nd ― 31,1% (p=0,0012). The new method involves fixing the back with considerably less surgical trauma of paravertebral soft tissue that results in early activation of patients, reduction of stay in hospital period, and better functional recovery of patients.Conclusions: The application of facet fixation combined with interbody fusion in the treatment of patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine allows achieving the best clinical outcomes and fewer postoperative complications during the short and long-term follow-up if compared with the traditional method of transpedicular stabilization. The combination of low-impact and reliability facet fixation techniques for posterior stabilization of the operated segment creates favorable conditions for the restoration of a functional condition of patients, full social and physical rehabilitation.
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Szymoniak, Ewelina. "The brickwork, walls and ceilings of Havana: Representations of space in Pedro Juan Gutiérrez’s Novel “Nothing to Do”." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica 57, no. 2 (2020): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.57.03.
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Latin America is a continent where for centuries various walls of ethnic, class, and political divisions were erected and demolished. Cubans, for whom the once paradise island became a cage, are a society which painfully experienced what those walls are as well as what isolation is. The aim of the article was to discuss the way in which Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, a writer who belongs to the first generation of Cubans who grew up in the Revolutionary reality, creates the literary space of Havana by depicting the everyday lives of its inhabitants. In the novel titled Nothing to Do [Nada que hacer] (1998), the invisible yet terribly tangible walls dividing Havana into zones of influence of various social groups, and the disintegrating walls and ceilings of flats are not the only proof of the universal poverty – they also seem to constitute a metaphor of the relations of power within the society and of the condition of its spirit. Furthermore, the author indicates how a conscious individual tries to build around themselves an intellectual wall which could separate them from the void which deprives one of the will to act. The analysis was based on the concept of mobility by Zygmunt Bauman and John Urry, on a study by Elżbieta Rybicka regarding the sensory literary geography, and on a discussion by Javier del Prado Biezma of the methods for presenting space in literature.
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Sarjana, Afroz, Dash Gupta Bijoy, and Kumar Nath Sonjit. "Household Space Considerations for Elderly Members Living in Apartment Buildings of Dhaka City during the Covid-19 Pandemic Situation." Journal of Housing and Advancement in Interior Designing 5, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6962502.
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Geriatric design is one of the prime concerns for socially inclusive architectural design. When the age increases, the needs of older adults surge, and there is a commensurate rise in the degree of support, particularly living space requirements. In the Covid-19 pandemic situation, when people need to maintain social distancing, it's urgent to rethink the space of traditional housing. There is a particular restriction for older adults to go outside during the lockdown as they are the most vulnerable to the covid-19 virus. Meanwhile, they have to stay confined in congested apartment buildings like a cage in Dhaka city. It is densely populated, and most apartment buildings are built without maintaining rules; therefore, the interior spaces are mostly shadowed and unhealthy for adults. Their compact size is also a concern for cohabitation with their family members and having to do their activities within this space. This research focuses on the household space limitations for elderly members in apartment buildings of Dhaka city during the pandemic situation. The sizes of the apartments, along with the room for the elderly, their satisfaction level regarding comfort, security, size of the room, exercise space, space for storage, space for their caretaker, their psychological state during covid pandemic situation etc., have been reviewed through an online questionnaire. This survey was conducted from September to October of 2021 after the peak situation of Covid in July-August. Mostly, the elderly citizens have suffered from the space constraint and have to accept it unwillingly. Therefore, architects, developers, and clients should be more concerned about the elderly-friendly home being ergonomic, environment-friendly, and psychologically soothing so they can cohabit comfortably.
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Popovych, O. M., and I. V. Golovan. "MODELING OF INDUCTION MOTORS IN ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS CONSIDERING STATOR IRON LOSSES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2024, no. 5 (2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2024.05.024.
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A comparative study has been conducted on methods for accounting for the influence of losses in the stator iron of squirrel-cage induction motors on the operating parameters. A comparison was made between reference data and calculation results of the nominal mode parameters of an asynchronous motor without considering losses in the stator iron and with their consideration using equivalent resistances connected in parallel to the motor, as well as equivalent circuits of losses in the stator. The effect of the ratio of active and inductive components of the load of equivalent stator loss circuits on the results of mathematical modeling has been investigated. The study was carried out based on a universal mathematical model of an asynchronous motor of electromechanical systems with an arbitrary stator winding scheme. An algorithm for determining and adjusting the parameters of the stator loss circuits during the integration of the differential equations of electrical and mechanical balance of the asynchronous motor to a steady-state value has been developed, based on the values of losses in the stator iron (depending on the induction and frequency) and the effective value of the current of the equivalent circuit. To ensure solution stability, the use of an iteration coefficient and discretization of resistance adjustment has been justified. The application of stator iron loss circuits in the mathematical model of an asynchronous machine in generator mode has been justified, when the use of parallel connected equivalent resistances contradicts the machine's energy diagram. References 10, figure 1, table 1.
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Romadov, S. V., and O. V. Goryachev. "Comparative Analysis of the Characteristics of Asynchro- nous Drives with Vector Control and Direct Torque Control." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 25, no. 4 (2024): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.25.201-210.
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Active development of electric drive theory in recent decades has led to the emergence of various methods for asynchronous three-phase motors control, promoted by leading drive development companies, the competition between which inevitably gives rise to false preconceptions about the real capabilities and characteristics of these methods. Additionally, literary sources often bypass positional drives, focusing on speed control, and the same can be said about the preference for synchronous drives over asynchronous ones. This study solves the problem of a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of classical vector control based drives and direct torque control schemes at the levels of theoretical description and computer simulation. To solve this problem mathematical descriptions and functional diagrams of asynchronous motors with indicated control systems are given and analyzed and models of considered systems are developed in the Simulink environment of the Matlab program, considering flexibility of mechanical transmission and various resistance moments and allowing to form a quantitative assessment of considered characteristics. The results of numerical modeling are presented on example of a specific induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor DMChTs 80-2-8OM2 for each system variant in several operating modes, which are of interest for various options of such drives practical application and identifying considered control methods individual features. Advantages and disadvantages formulated as a result, as well as recommendations for the use of the compared drive systems, are quite universal and can be used in design of various drives with both asynchro-nous and synchronous motors.
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Ageyeva, Vira. "Freedom of Spirit and Fatality of Embodiment: Intellectual Controversies of Valerian Pidmohyl’ny’s Prose." NaUKMA Research Papers. Literary Studies 3 (September 2, 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2618-0537.2022.3.26-35.
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The article focuses on the analysis of philosophic and existentialist collisions of Valerian Pidmohylny’s prose. He appeared to be the most consistent urbanist in the Ukrainian prose of the 1920s, as in Tretia Revolutsia (The Third Revolution) and Misto (The City) he showed two scenarios of the relationship between representatives of rustic and urban culture. The main theme of the novel is the brutal city occupation, its submission, and desecration. This path of fair revenge is anyway desperate for both winners and losers. The novel encompasses the process of a village-born person’s understanding and adoption of the elitist city culture and the way how a “black-earth” adds to the artistic values creation. In Misto, the factors that provided meaning to the existence were culture, creative work, and writing. However, the characters of Nevelychka Drama (A Little Touch of Drama) appear to be in the situation when the modernist belief in the art’s ability to change the world is lost, when no universal values define people’s behavior, and a moral choice does not agree with any authorities. Another Pidmohylny’s work, Povist bez Nazvy (The Untitled Novel), is one of the few direct fixations of traumatic experience of the early 1930s. Povist bez Nazvy focuses on the final questions of the human existence, when everything built over the foundations of being and cornerstones has lost its meaning and value. The hero of the novel feels like a homeless person, rootless, exhausted, and devastated by unbearable challenges. The last work of Pidmohylny is associated with reflections on the possibilities to escape the epoch and existence, which – recalling a sarcastic complaint of its hero – had better not coincide with the great convulsions of the beginning of the 20th century. Hashish was a temporary escape that ended up in even more catastrophic returning to the cage. Pashchenko, a rational person, took care of a rescue ampoule with poison beforehand – it guaranteed the permanent disappearance. Horodovsky almost tried the variant of a traceless disappearance in the throng, a ceaseless and homeless movement through new paths.
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Rozhkov, Vyacheslav V., and Vladimir V. Fedotov. "Simulation modeling of the adaptive speed identifier of an induction motor of a sintering machine." Journal Of Applied Informatics 17, no. 6 (2022): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2022-17-6-36-55.
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By means of simulation computer modeling, an effective variant of constructing an identifier for the speed of an asynchronous motor of an electromechanical system of a sintering machine is analyzed. The mathematical and algorithmic basis of the adaptive speed identifier (ASI) of an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor (ACIM) is given. Using the developed mathematical description of ASI with a reference model and using the apparatus of Lyapunov functions, an adequate computer simulation model was created. Compared with the existing methods for constructing identifiers in sensorless asynchronous electric drives, the proposed version of the ASI allows taking into account the discrete nature of the supply voltage of the ACIM at the output of the frequency converter with pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the output voltage and changing a larger number of equivalent circuit parameters. The stability of the speed identification process is provided in a wide range, sufficient to stabilize the speed of the trolleys according to the requirements of the technological process of sintering machines. As a result, the accuracy of speed identification in static and dynamic modes of operation of the electric drive increases. Simulation confirmed the operability of the proposed version of the identifier, proposed options for setting the AIS components. Universal, important for practical application results have been obtained, which allow both to build a high-precision system for identifying the ACIM speed in general and to refine the setting of the coefficients of the proposed version of the identifier in particular. An important property of the developed version of the ASI is its operability without loss of accuracy at near-zero and zero speeds of rotation and close to the nominal load torque on the ACIM shaft. In this regard, the practical application of the developed version, in addition to the drive of the sintering machine, is also possible in high- precision positioning systems for electric drives for various purposes.
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Veksler, Yulia S. "J.M. Hauer: the phenomenon of Zwölftonspiel." Contemporary Musicology, no. 1 (2021): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56620/2587-9731-2021-1-078-096.
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Josef Matthias Hauer (1883-1959) was an Austrian composer known for the development of twelve-tone music—the study of the tropes. His work and life, however, have been underscrutinised by Russian scholars. Hauer's musical works are generally regarded as illustrations to his theory with little artistic value. Meanwhile, the significance of his legacy goes beyond the twelve-tone composition: Hauer paves the way for discoveries in music of the second half of the 20th century. The article focuses on Hauer’s later works which centre around the twelve-tone game (Zwölftonspiel). This name is used by almost all Hauer's compositions created in the last two decades of his life for a variety of instruments. The concept of Zwölftonspiel is universal—it is a composition technique, an approach to music notation, a genre, a philosophy, a meditation, and didactics. The same broad meaning is given to the concept “game”, which is understood as a certain ontological category that eliminates the subject, the composer's “Self” from the process of composing, making this process logical, predictable, almost automatic, and, at the same time, easy and relaxed, like a children’s play. Hauer resorts to a significant simplification of the previous technique of tropes, relying on a single twelve-tone series already containing harmony, rhythm and form. Zwölftonspiel does not fit into traditional ideas about an opus as a result of the composer’s work. All music—absolute, unchangeable, eternal—has already been created by God, and it remains for humans only to study and comprehend it using their intuition. This is what the twelve-tone game serves for. This position based on the Eastern principle of non-action makes us recall the idea of the “end of the time of composers”, the concept of “non-work”, and meditative music, which appeared later. Thus, the name of Hauer should stand next to the name of Schoenberg. Hauer’s ideas make him part of the circle of composers of the second half of the 20th century: J. Cage, K. Stockhausen, G. Scelsi, and V. Martynov.
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Younes, Abdelaziz, and Sami W. Tabsh. "Experimental Investigation of the Confinement of Concrete Columns with Welded Wire Reinforcement." Buildings 15, no. 9 (2025): 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15091494.
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Traditional methods of construction for reinforced concrete columns utilize longitudinal steel bars and transverse ties. Field experience has shown that such a transverse reinforcement method is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to inconsistencies in quality. Welded wire reinforcement (WWR) offers a prefabricated alternative, forming a closed cage that simplifies installation and speeds up the fabrication process. This study investigates the potential of using WWR as a replacement for conventional ties in reinforced concrete columns in pure compression. To achieve this objective, eight one-third-scale columns (1000 mm height, 200 × 200 mm cross-section) were tested under concentric axial loading inside a Universal Testing Machine. Four of the specimens contained WWR, while the other four had conventional ties. The variables that were considered in this study include the concrete compressive strength (34.3 and 43.5 MPa) and the grid size of the WWR (25 and 50 mm). This study investigated the influence of the type of transverse reinforcement on the strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility of the confined concrete within the core. The findings of the study showed that lateral reinforcement in the form of WWR can increase the concrete core strength by 2.7% relative to corresponding columns employing ties when f′c = 34.3 MPa was used. Conversely, the utilization of ties proved to be more effective than WWR in improving concrete core strength by an average of 28.8% when f′c = 43.5 MPa was used. Additionally, WWR reinforced columns demonstrated a marginal 2.0% rise in the modulus of elasticity and a remarkable 21.0% increase in the ductility of the confined concrete core compared with corresponding tied columns. Theoretical predictions of the axial compressive capacity of WWR reinforced columns subjected to concentric loading based on the ACI-318 code provisions underestimated the experimental results by 20%. These findings demonstrate that WWR can serve as an effective substitute for conventional ties, particularly in cases where rapid installation and reduced labor costs are prioritized.
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Alvarez-Puebla, Ramon A., and Luis M. Liz-Marzán. "Traps and cages for universal SERS detection." Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, no. 1 (2012): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1cs15155j.
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Álvarez, Puebla Ramón, and Marzán Luis Liz. "Traps and Cages for Universal SERS detection." Chemical Society Reviews, no. 41 (August 4, 2011): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15155J.
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In this tutorial review, we provide an overview of the recent research toward surface functionalization of plasmonic nanoparticles for the generation of advanced optical sensors that make possible the analysis of various moieties by means of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Such moieties include atomic ions, low affinity target molecules, inorganic anions, biometabolites, pathogen markers and/or other analytes of interest even under very demanding circumstances such as those related to real life samples. We expect this review to be of interest to researchers in a broad diversity of fields that can take advantage of the unprecedented sensitivity of this type of molecular spectroscopy, in a wide variety of analytical and bioanalytical problems.
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Schirle, Tammy. "The effect of universal child benefits on labour supply." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 48, no. 2 (2015): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caje.12132.
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Plis, V. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF CALCULATINGTHE PARAMETERS OF THE INDUCTION MOTORS REPLACEMENT SCHEME." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 1, no. 69 (2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.69.2024.09.
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The optimization of the equivalent circuit parameters of a three-phase induction motor with an equivalent double-circuit rotor is presented. The initial parameters of the equivalent circuit are estimated using a method known as engineering, based on the data provided in the manufacturer’s data sheet. The purpose of the work is aimed at increasing the accuracy of calculating currents and torques when using a double-circuit equivalent circuit of an induction motor by improving the method for determining the parameters of the equivalent circuit. A procedure for optimizing parameters has been developed to reduce errors between the calculated and actual values of the motor torque and current. Achieving the goal is ensured through the use of the author’s method of taking into account the nonlinearities of the motor, namely saturation of the magnetic circuit along the main path and scattering paths. To analyze the characteristics of an induction motor and predict its behavior in the event of faults and various operating modes, it is necessary to create a mathematical model of this motor. To ensure the adequacy of model calculations, it is necessary to take into account various nonlinearities of an induction motor, such as the effects of current displacement and machine saturation, steel losses, and others. The choice of a specific nonlinearity to take into account, as well as the methodology for taking it into account, are determined by the complexity of the tasks posed to the model. The depth of taking into account the nonlinear parameters of an induction motor depend on the requirements for the accuracy of the analysis and necessarily includes taking into account the most significant factors affecting the performance of the machine. A universal mathematical model has been created that describes an induction motor in a coordinate system that is stationary relative to the stator and takes into account the nonlinearity of its parameters. The parameters of the equivalent circuit of twelve industrial induction motors without and with optimization were assessed. A comparison was made of the results obtained from the engineering method and the actual data of the manufacturer to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords: induction motor, nonlinearity of IM parameters, manufacturer’s data, optimization, parameter estimation, squirrel cage, mathematical modeling, experimental studies
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Jha, S. K., R. Agrawal, P. K. Dhakal, M. Nepal, A. Jayan, and Narayan Gautam. "Smoking and Alcohol Intake among Students in Medical College of South Western Region, Nepal." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 2, no. 4 (2015): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12038.
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INTRODUCTION: There is lack of data related to smoking and alcohol intake status with concomitant health and academic related problem to medical students. Hence this study is undertaken to compare smoking and alcohol intake habits among medical students from second to fourth year of their medical education. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A self-directed questionnaire on smoking and alcohol intake habits were distributed among students of second year to fourth year who were willing to participate in this study. All participants were told to fill questions regarding their past and current history of smoking and alcohol intake anonymously. RESULTS: Out of 300 participants comprising male 201 (67%) and female 99 (33 %) medical students, the smoker was 27 (9%) and alcoholic was 61 (20.33%). There were significantly high frequency of male smoker 24 (8%) and male alcoholic 43 (14.33%) as compared to female smoker 3 (1%) and female alcoholic 18 (6%) respectively. The frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among only male participants was found to be 11.91% and 21.39% which is comparable to frequency of only female participants 3.03% and 18.18% respectively. The average cigarette consumption before joining medical school was 2.83/day but after joining it has been increased to 5.15/day. Similarly, the average alcohol intake in one sitting was observed 689.26ml after joining medical college. The average cage questionnaire score for smoker and alcoholic were 0.96 and 1.0 respectively depending on positive response. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of smoking and alcohol intake among medical students can create havoc in social, health and academic matters. The male students were observed to be more abused in such type of habit as compared to female counterpart. But it is equally important to be noted that the significant less number of female participants and social boundaries for getting cigarette and alcohol might have obscured the actual frequency of their abuse to smoke and alcohol intake. Hence, the health institution should made awareness campaign to the medical students earlier from their entry to the medical school.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i4.12038Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.02 No.04 Issue 08Page: 19-23
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Petković, Dalibor, Srdjan Jovic, and Zoran Golubovic. "Object-oriented modeling approach of universal education software." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 26, no. 3 (2018): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.21906.
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