Relevant bibliographies by topics / Universal curve of fracture toughness

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Universal curve of fracture toughness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Universal curve of fracture toughness"

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Sakai, M. "Atomistic considerations on the fracture toughness of brittle materials." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 3 (March 1993): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0668.

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A simple atomistic approach to the mechanical strength and the fracture toughness of brittle materials is made by the use of a universal expression for binding potential energy versus atomic separation curves. The scaling factors for the atomic separation and for the energy amplitude successfully apply to describing the intrinsic fracture toughness K* in a scaled dimensionless form. It is demonstrated that the intrinsic fracture toughness combined with a stress shielding coefficient (SSC) yields the fracture toughness of real materials. Microfracture mechanisms for crack-tip stress-shielding processes, as well as the interrelationship between the stress intensity- and the potential energy-derived fracture toughness, are addressed.
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Ramkumar, P. L., D. M. Kulkarni, and Vikas V. Chaudhari. "Effect of Cooling Medium on Fracture Toughness of Rotomoulded Product." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.85.

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In day-to-day life, usage of plastics is numerous. It offers variety of benefits compared to other materials in various sectors like house hold applications, agricultural industry, and packaging, etc. There are numerous methods for processing plastics. These include: blow moulding, injection moulding, rotational moulding, transfer moulding and thermoforming. Rotational moulding is a competitive alternative to other plastic manufacturing process, since it offers designers an opportunity to achieve an economic production of stress free products. Many products made by rotational moulding process using linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) are widely used in outdoor applications such as boats, over head tanks, and car body parts etc. In such applications, fracture properties are considered to be critical from the quality characterization point of view. Selection of appropriate cooling medium plays vital role to enhance the quality of rotomolded products. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of cooling medium on fracture toughness of the rotationally moulded products. Fracture tests are carried out on a compact tension (CT) test specimens prepared as per the ASTM D 6068 (2012). The tests are performed on a universal testing machine. R-curve method is used to determine the fracture toughness (JIC) of rotomoulded products. From the experimental results it is found that rapid cooling method favours better fracture toughness of rotomoulded products. Therefore, it is recommended to use faster cooling aids like water cooling in rotational moulding process to achieve highest fracture toughness.
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Li, Yong Hua, F. L. Meng, Wei Tao Zheng, and Y. M. Wang. "Crack Propagating and Stress-Promoted the Precipitate of Ni3Ti in NiTi Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 417-418 (October 2009): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.417-418.657.

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This study investigated the stress-induced crack propagation and precipitation in Ti-51.45at.%Ni thin films. Tensile tests were carried out on CSS-44100 electron universal testing machine. The strain rate was 1.1×10-4 s-1. The surface micrographs of the NiTi thin film were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The precipitates were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments (D8 GADDS). The results showed that a series of parallel cracks grew in the film and the cracks were equally spaced. The fracture toughness of the film was estimated, =0.96MPa∙m1/2. The minimum crack spacing was about . The stress-strain curve can be divided into two stages. The first linear stage corresponded to the elastic deformation of the parent phase. In the following stage, the serrations were considered to be the stress relaxation due to the cracks propagating and the precipitate grain transformation. During tension the (102) peak intensity of Ni3Ti phase increased with elongation increased. The precipitate orientation was same.
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SEN, DIPANJAN, and MARKUS J. BUEHLER. "ATOMISTICALLY-INFORMED MESOSCALE MODEL OF DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF BIOINSPIRED HIERARCHICAL SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 02, no. 04 (December 2010): 699–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882511000072x.

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Structural hierarchies are universal design paradigms of biological materials, e.g., several materials in nature used for carrying mechanical load or impact protection such as bone, nacre, dentin show structural design at multiple length scales from the nanoscale to the macroscale. Another example is the case of diatoms, microscopic mineralized algae with intricately patterned silica-based exoskeletons, with substructure from the nanometer to micrometer length scale. Previous studies on silica nano-honeycomb structures inspired from these diatom substructures at the nanoscale have shown a great improvement in plasticity, ductility and toughness through these designs over macroscopic silica, though along with a substantial reduction in stiffness. Here, we extend the study of these structural designs to the micron length scale by introducing additional hierarchy levels to implement a multilevel composite design. To facilitate our computational experiments we first develop a mesoscale particle-spring model description of the mechanics of bulk silica/nano-honeycomb silica composites. Our mesoscale description is directly derived from constitutive material behavior found through atomistic simulations at the nanoscale with the first principles-based ReaxFF force field, but is capable of describing deformation and failure of silica materials at tens of micrometer length scales. We create several models of randomly-dispersed fiber-composite materials with a small volume fraction of the nano-honeycomb phase, and analyze the fracture mechanics using J-integral and R-curve studies. Our simulations show a dominance of quasi-brittle fracture behavior in all cases considered. For particular materials with a small volume fraction of the nano-honeycomb phase dispersed as fibers within a bulk silica matrix, we find a large improvement (≈4.4 times) in toughness over bulk silica, while retaining the high stiffness (to 70%) of the material. The increase in toughness is observed to arise primarily from crack path deflection and crack bridging by the nano-honeycomb fibers. The first structural hierarchy at the nanometer scale (nano-honeycomb silica) provides large improvements in ductility and toughness at the cost of a large reduction in stiffness. The second structural hierarchy at the micron length scale (bulk silica/nano-honeycomb composite) recovers the stiffness of bulk silica while substantially improving its toughness. The results reported here provide direct evidence that structural hierarchies present a powerful design paradigm to obtain heightened levels of stiffness and toughness from multiscale engineering a single brittle — and by itself a functionally inferior material — without the need to introduce organic (e.g., protein) phases. Our model sets the stage for the direct simulation of multiple hierarchical levels to describe deformation and failure of complex biological composites.
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Lin, H., C. lu, H. Y. Wang, and L. H. Dai. "Non-trivial avalanches triggered by shear banding in compression of metallic glass foams." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2240 (August 2020): 20200186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0186.

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Ductile metallic glass foams (DMGFs) are a new type of structural material with a perfect combination of high strength and toughness. Owing to their disordered atomic-scale microstructures and randomly distributed macroscopic voids, the compressive deformation of DMGFs proceeds through multiple nanoscale shear bands accompanied by local fracture of cellular structures, which induces avalanche-like intermittences in stress–strain curves. In this paper, we present a statistical analysis, including distributions of avalanche size, energy dissipation, waiting times and aftershock sequence, on such a complex dynamic process, which is dominated by shear banding. After eliminating the influence of structural disorder, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the mean-field results of their brittle counterparts, scaling laws in DMGFs are characterized by different exponents. It is shown that the occurrence of non-trivial scaling behaviours is attributed to the localized plastic yielding, which effectively prevents the system from building up a long-range correlation. This accounts for the high structural stability and energy absorption performance of DMGFs. Furthermore, our results suggest that such shear banding dynamics introduce an additional characteristic time scale, which leads to a universal gamma distribution of waiting times.
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Li, Yong Hua, F. L. Meng, Chang Sheng Liu, and Y. M. Wang. "Crack Spacing and the Flow Stress in NiTi Thin Films Deposited on Cu Substrate." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.89.

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Ti-51.45at.%Ni thin films were deposited onto copper substrates by magnetron sputtering. The copper substrates were pre-punched into dog-bone specimens with 4.5mm×30mm(gauge portion) ×35µm( thickness). The substrate temperature was about 673K. The thin films were about 20µm thick. The as-deposited films were first solution treated at 1073K for 1h, and then aged at 773K for 30min. The grain size was estimated to be 1.5µm from scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Tensile tests were carried out on CSS-44100 electron universal test-machine. The strain rate was 1.1×10-4 s-1. The stress-strain curves of the free-standing film were obtained from the experimental stress-strain curves of copper substrate together with the thin film adherent to the substrate compared with the curves of copper substrate without film. The Hall-Patch coefficient was calculated, k=205Mpa.µm1/2. It seems that the Hall-Patch coefficient decreases with increasing film thickness. The experimental results showed that a series of parallel cracks grew in a concerted fashion across the thin film and the cracks were equally spaced. The cracks were more closely spaced if the film stress was increased. The fracture toughness of the film was estimated, c KΙ =0.96MPa·m1/2. Therefore, the minimum crack spacing is predicted by the film stress given.
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SAWAKI, Yozo, Shigeharu HASHIMOTO, and Tadashi KAWASAKI. "Fatigue fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation curve." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 52, no. 480 (1986): 1757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.52.1757.

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Lambrigger, M. "Master curve for brittle cleavage fracture toughness testing." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 55, no. 4 (November 1996): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(95)00259-6.

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Wallin, Kim. "Master curve analysis of the “Euro” fracture toughness dataset." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, no. 4 (March 2002): 451–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00071-6.

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Kleinberg, AS, B. Grugan, K. Greene, B. Benzing, JR Schroeder, M. Bruce Vieth, RL Meltzer, and SK Putatunda. "Determination of Fracture Toughness by CTOD Resistance Curve Method." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 14, no. 1 (1986): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte10320j.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Universal curve of fracture toughness"

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Václavík, Martin. "Predikce teplotní závislosti lomové houževnatosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231943.

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The thesis is focused on the prediction of the fracture toughness temperature dependence through a universal curve of fracture toughness (also known as the master curve). To determine the parameters of the universal curve of fracture toughness, values acquired from the measurement results of fracture toughness and tensile tests of structural steel P91 are used. The theoretical part is based on a summary of the relevant information from the field of fracture mechanics and brittle-ductile fracture behavior of steels that are important for the understanding of fracture-strain response of materials depending on load conditions. The experimental part of the thesis contains the results from practical measurements and analyses, which were used for determining the parameters of a universal curve of fracture toughness as well as for the evaluation of fracture behavior and description of the impact of structural parameters on this behavior in case of steel P91.
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SAKAIDA, Yoshihisa, and Keisuke TANAKA. "Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Porous Ceramics." The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9181.

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Dzugan, Jan. "Crack lengths calculation by unloading compliance technique for Charpy size specimens." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-29077.

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The problems with the crack length determination by the unloading compliance method are well known for Charpy size specimens. The final crack lengths calculated for bent specimens do not fulfil ASTM 1820 accuracy requirements. Therefore some investigations have been performed to resolve this problem. In those studies it was considered that measured compliance should be corrected for various factors, but satisfying results were not attained. In the presented work the problem was attacked from the other side, the measured specimen compliance was taken as a correct value and what had to be adjusted was the calculation procedure. On the basis of experimentally obtained compliances of bent specimens and optically measured crack lengths the investigation was carried out. Finally, a calculation procedure enabling accurate crack length calculation up to 5mm of plastic deflection was developed. Applying the new procedure, out of investigated 238 measured crack lengths, more than 80% of the values fulfilled the ASTM 1820 accuracy requirements, while presently used procedure provided only about 30% of valid results. The newly proposed procedure can be also prospectively used in modified form for the specimens of different than Charpy size.
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Dzugan, Jan. "Crack lengths calculation by unloading compliance technique for Charpy size specimens." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2003. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21733.

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The problems with the crack length determination by the unloading compliance method are well known for Charpy size specimens. The final crack lengths calculated for bent specimens do not fulfil ASTM 1820 accuracy requirements. Therefore some investigations have been performed to resolve this problem. In those studies it was considered that measured compliance should be corrected for various factors, but satisfying results were not attained. In the presented work the problem was attacked from the other side, the measured specimen compliance was taken as a correct value and what had to be adjusted was the calculation procedure. On the basis of experimentally obtained compliances of bent specimens and optically measured crack lengths the investigation was carried out. Finally, a calculation procedure enabling accurate crack length calculation up to 5mm of plastic deflection was developed. Applying the new procedure, out of investigated 238 measured crack lengths, more than 80% of the values fulfilled the ASTM 1820 accuracy requirements, while presently used procedure provided only about 30% of valid results. The newly proposed procedure can be also prospectively used in modified form for the specimens of different than Charpy size.
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Viehrig, H. W., and D. Kalkhof. "Application of the Master Curve approach to fracture mechanics characterisation of reactor pressure vessel steel." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-61451.

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The paper presents results of a research project founded by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Inspectorate concerning the application of the Master Curve approach in nuclear reactor pressure vessels integrity assessment. The main focus is put on the applicability of pre-cracked 0.4T-SE(B) specimens with short cracks, the verification of transferability of MC reference temperatures T0 from 0.4T thick specimens to larger specimens, ascertaining the influence of the specimen type and the test temperature on T0, investigation of the applicability of specimens with electroerosive notches for the fracture toughness testing, and the quantification of the loading rate and specimen type on T0. The test material is a forged ring of steel 22 NiMoCr 3 7 of the uncommissioned German pressurized water reactor Biblis C. SE(B) specimens with different overall sizes (specimen thickness B=0.4T, 0.8T, 1.6T, 3T, fatigue pre-cracked to a/W=0.5 and 20% side-grooved) have comparable T0. T0 varies within the 1σ scatter band. The testing of C(T) specimens results in higher T0 compared to SE(B) specimens. It can be stated that except for the lowest test temperature allowed by ASTM E1921-09a, the T0 values evaluated with specimens tested at different test temperatures are consistent. The testing in the temperature range of T0 ± 20 K is recommended because it gave the highest accuracy. Specimens with a/W=0.3 and a/W=0.5 crack length ratios yield comparable T0. The T0 of EDM notched specimens lie 41 K up to 54 K below the T0 of fatigue pre-cracked specimens. A significant influence of the loading rate on the MC T0 was observed. The HSK AN 425 test procedure is a suitable method to evaluate dynamic MC tests. The reference temperature T0 is eligible to define a reference temperature RTTo for the ASME-KIC reference curve as recommended in the ASME Code Case N-629. An additional margin has to be defined for the specific type of transient to be considered in the RPV integrity assessment. This margin also takes into account the level of available information of the RPV to be assessed.
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Sieber, Lars. "Zur Beurteilung der Sprödbruchgefährdung gelochter Stahltragwerke aus Flussstahl." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-223593.

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Bei der Beurteilung der Sicherheit bestehender Konstruktionen aus altem Baustahl (i. A. Flussstahl) und der Entscheidung über notwendige Instandsetzungs- und Verstärkungsmaßnahmen ist der Nachweis ausreichender Werkstoffzähigkeit (der Sicherheit gegen ein sprödes Versagen) von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Die in DIN EN 1993-1-10 normativ geregelten Nachweismethoden zur Beurteilung der Sprödbruchgefährdung wurden basierend auf umfangreichen bruchmechanischen Untersuchungen entwickelt. Sie gelten für Schweißkonstruktionen und „Stähle aus neuerer Zeit“ mit in der Regel hohen Zähigkeitswerten. Die Quantifizierung der Zähigkeit in Werkstoffnormen erfolgt durch Kerbschlagbiegeversuche. Die Beziehung zwischen der Übergangstemperatur der Kerbschlagarbeit und der Referenztemperatur der Bruchzähigkeit wird durch die modifizierte Sanz-Korrelation hergestellt, die nur für diese Stähle abgeleitet wurde. Das in der Norm verankerte Verfahren ist für alte Flussstahlkonstruktionen mit Lochschwächung durch Niet- und Schraubenverbindungen nicht geeignet. Einerseits unterscheiden sich Kerbwirkung und Eigenspannungszustand von geschweißten und genieteten Konstruktionen und damit die Zähigkeitsanforderungen wesentlich voneinander. Auf der anderen Seite unterliegen die Zähigkeitseigenschaften von Flussstählen deutlich größeren Streuungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen zum Sprödbruchverhalten gelochter Konstruktionen aus altem Flussstahl vorgestellt. Wesentlicher Bestandteil sind dabei die umfangreichen Werkstoffanalysen zur Ermittlung der bruchmechanischen Werkstoffzähigkeit im spröd-duktilen Übergangsbereich nach dem Master-Curve-Konzept (ASTM E1921). Die Auswertungen belegen, dass in Abhängigkeit des Herstellungsverfahrens unterschiedliche Werkstoffgüten definiert werden können. Um den Einfluss des Stanzens von Löchern auf das Sprödbruchverhalten alter Flussstähle zu beurteilen, werden Gefügeuntersuchungen und Mikrohärtemessungen durchgeführt. Ausgehend von einer umfassenden Analyse typischer Konstruktionsformen bestehender Tragwerke des Stahlhochbaus erfolgen bruchmechanische FE-Berechnungen an Anschlüssen von Winkelprofilen zur Bestimmung der Zähigkeitsanforderungen. Die dabei gewonnenen Ergebnisse des Spannungsintensitätsfaktors werden durch Modifikation bekannter Lösungen aus der Fachliteratur für die weitere Anwendung aufbereitet. Darauf aufbauend wird für die untersuchten Konstruktionsdetails im Rahmen einer bruchmechanischen Sicherheitsanalyse ein praxisgerechtes Verfahren zur Beurteilung der Sprödbruchgefährdung genieteter und geschraubter Bauteile abgeleitet. Mit Hilfe statistischer Methoden werden Streuungen der Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitskennwerte der Flussstähle erfasst und nach der Verifizierung durch Bauteilversuche in ein semi-probabilistisches Nachweiskonzept überführt.
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Al, Khaddour Samer. "Fracture Behaviour of Steels and Their Welds for Power Industry." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263409.

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Práce byla zaměřena na ověření platnosti koncepce master křivky pro hodnocení heterogenních svarových spojů, resp. teplotně stárnutých svarů. Současně bylo cílem disertace vyvinout kvantitativní model pro predikci referenční teploty lokalizující tranzitní oblast na teplotní ose za použití dat získaných z tahové zkoušky, a to za použití metody umělých neuronových sítí. Studie je současně zaměřena na heterogenní svarový spoj připravený tavným svařováním. Je zacílena na hodnocení lomového chování v tranzitní oblasti nejméně odolné části svaru, tj. tepelně ovlivněné zóny ferritické oceli v blízkosti zóny natavení s vysokolegovaným materiálem. Pro predikci referenční teploty master křivky je použita zmíněná metoda neuronových sítí, a to za použití dat z tahových zkoušek a měření tvrdosti. Predikovaná referenční teplota byla ověřována na základě výsledku experimentálních měření. Vytvoření modelu za použití neuronových sítí vyžaduje dostatečné množství dat a není vždy snadno tuto podmínku splnit. V případě sledovaného problému to znamenalo použití dat z dostatečně věrohodných zdrojů (skupiny Křehký lom ÚFM AVČR) a se známou metalurgickou historií. Smysl práce je tak možno spatřovat ve vývoji modelu neuronové sítě, která bude dostatečně přesně predikovat referenční teplotu. Celkově byla pro tyto účely použita data z 29 nízkolegovaných ocelí. Pro účely vývoje byly použity kromě hladkých zkušebních tyčí, rovněž tahové zkoušky s obvodovým vrubem testované při kritické teplotě křehkosti (mez makroplastických deformací) a při teplotě pokojové. Při tvorbě modelu byla postupně v různých kombinacích využita všechna data z uvedených zkoušek. Studie ukázala, že referenční teplota charakterizující tranzitní chování lomové houževnatosti oceli s převažující feritickou strukturou je jedinečným parametrem predikovatelným na základě vybraných charakteristik tahových zkoušek.
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坂井田, 喜久, Yoshihisa SAKAIDA, 啓介 田中, and Keisuke TANAKA. "多孔質セラミックスの破壊靭性評価." 日本機械学会, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9161.

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Holas, Jiří. "Testování lomové houževnatosti za vysokých teplot s využitím miniaturních CT těles." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231783.

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This master´s thesis deals with the evaluation of fracture behavior of ODS steel MA956 at high temperature range. This behavior was tested by using miniaturized CT specimens, on which were performed experiments to measure of ductile crack growth resistance curves (J-R curves). The value of the fracture toughness was determined from these J-R curves. Fracture properties were consequently evaluated by using fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces. Structural properties of material was identified by hardness measurement and analyzed by metallographic methods. Results of the measurements show drop of the fracture toughness with respect to the increasing temperature.
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Guimarães, Valdir Alves. "Determinação da temperatura de referência T0 da curva mestre na região de transição dúctil-frágil de aços ARBL /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/116078.

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Resumo: Materiais estruturais utilizados no projeto de equipamentos e instalações industriais podem apresentar mudança de seu comportamento à fratura quando se varia a temperatura. Este tipo de comportamento caracteriza-se pela existência de uma curva de transição, onde 3 regiões ficam bem definidas: os patamares inferior e superior e a região de transição. Na região de transição, os resultados experimentais apresentam alto espalhamento e são bastante dependentes da geometria ensaiada. Para solucionar este problema, foi desenvolvido um modelo analítico experimental, que resultou na edição da norma ASTM E1921-97. O trabalho inclui um estudo da influência de diversas rotas de tratamentos térmicos aplicadas em um aço 4130 utilizado pela indústria aeronáutica, um aço de qualidade API utilizado pela indústria petrolífera e um aço da classe A516 atualmente utilizado pela indústria nacional de vasos de pressão, na microestrutura, propriedades mecânicas de tração e tenacidade à fratura. Os resultados mostraram que o aço 4130 A450, apresentou a melhor correlação entre resistência e tenacidade entre as microestruturas pesquisadas. Este comportamento deve estar associado a rota de tratamento térmico aplicada a esta condição. O tratamento de austêmpera possibilita a formação de bainita que, tradicionalmente é conhecida por apresentar elevados valores de tenacidade. O método proposto pela ASTM pode ser considerado viável para as diversas microestruturas pesquisadas ampliando a aplicação da metodologia que recomenda o ensaio apenas para aços ferríticos. No entanto, a metodologia da Curva Mestra em materiais tratados termicamente deve ser conduzida de forma a se estabelecer parâmetros que considerem as modificações microestruturais sofridas pelo material.
Abstract: Structural materials used in industrial equipments design can change fracture behavior when the temperature is varied. This type of behavior is characterized by the existence of a transition curve, where 3 areas are well defined: inferior and superior landings and the ductile brittle transition. In ductile brittle transition, experimental results present high scatter and depend highly of specimen geometry. In order to solve this problem, an analytical experimental model was developed, resulting in ASTM E1921-97 standard edition. This work includes the influence of several heat treatments analysis applied in a 4130 steel used by the aeronautical industry, a API X70 steel used by the line pipe industry and a ASTM A516 steel used by pressure vases national industry, where it was analyzed the influence in the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness. The results showed that the 4130 A450 steel presented the best correlation between resistance and toughness among the researched microstructures. This behavior should be associated with the heat treatment route applied. The isothermal quenching treatment makes possible bainite formation which, traditionally it is known by its high toughness values. The methodology proposed by ASTM is considered viable for the several researched microstructures enlarging the application of the methodology that just recommends the rehearsal for ferritics steels. However, Master Curve methodology in heat treated materials must have some parameters settling down considering the microstructure modifications suffered by the material.
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Book chapters on the topic "Universal curve of fracture toughness"

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Dlouhý, I., G. B. Lenkey, and M. Holzmann. "Master Curve Validity for Dynamic Fracture Toughness Characteristics." In Transferability of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics, 243–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0608-8_17.

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Wallin, K. "Fracture Toughness Transition Curve Shape for Ferritic Structural Steels." In Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3650-1_10.

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Barinov, Sergej M., and Vladimir Ya Shevchenko. "Universal R-curve of Crack Propagation Resistance in Ceramic Composites." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, 209–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3350-4_15.

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Manahan, Michael P. "A Comparison of Fracture Toughness Data on a Pressure Vessel with the ASME KIR Curve." In Proceedings of the Seventh ASTM-Euratom Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, 21–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2781-3_3.

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Planman, T., W. L. Server, and M. Yamamoto. "Fracture Toughness Master Curve of bcc Steels." In Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, 197–225. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11695-9.

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Planman, T., and W. L. Server. "Fracture Toughness Master Curve of bcc Steels." In Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, 433–61. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00085-9.

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Lumley, Roger. "Quality Parameters for High-Pressure Diecastings." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000169.

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Techniques of examining casting quality as it relates to high-pressure die casting (HPDC) are evaluated. The roles of some simple parameters are considered in the as-cast and heat-treated conditions. Failure of HPDCs is influenced by a complex interaction of a variety of casting defects. Complex strain localization and failure occurs in HPDCs, which results in a proportionately large fraction of defects appearing on the fracture surface. The methodology developed is expanded to evaluate industrially produced components as a means to produce a universal quality metric. The effect of heat treatment on quality is also evaluated. Of the different analyses conducted, all may differentiate casting quality, but some complimentary techniques (e.g., Weibull statistics combined with flow curve derivations based on the Ludwik–Hollomon equation) are extremely useful.
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Conference papers on the topic "Universal curve of fracture toughness"

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Miura, Naoki, and Naoki Soneda. "Evaluation of Fracture Toughness by Master Curve Approach Using Miniature C(T) Specimens." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25862.

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The fracture toughness Master Curve gives a universal relationship between the median of fracture toughness and temperature in the ductile-brittle transition temperature region of ferritic steels such as reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The Master Curve approach specified in the ASTM standard theoretically provides the confidence levels of fracture toughness in consideration of the inherent scatter of fracture toughness. The authors have conducted a series of fracture toughness tests for typical Japanese RPV steels with various specimen sizes and shapes, and ascertained that the Master Curve can be well applied to the specimens with the thickness of 0.4-inches or larger. Considering the possible application of the Master Curve method coexistent with the present surveillance program for operating RPVs, the utilization of miniature specimens which can be taken from broken halves of surveillance specimens is quite important for the efficient determination of the Master Curve from the limited volume of the materials of concern. In this study, fracture toughness tests were conducted for typical Japanese RPV steels, SFVQ1A forging and SQV2A plate materials, using the miniature C(T) specimens with the thickness of 4 mm following the procedure of the ASTM standard. The results showed that the differences in test temperature, evaluation method, and specimen size did not affect the Master Curves, and the fracture toughness indexed by the reference temperature, T0, obtained from miniature C(T) specimens were consistent with those obtained from standard and larger C(T) specimens. It was also found that valid reference temperature can be determined with the realistic number of miniature C(T) specimens, less than ten, if the test temperature was appropriately selected. Thus, the Master Curve method using miniature C(T) specimens could be a practical method to determine the fracture toughness of actual RPV steels.
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Planman, Tapio, Kunio Onizawa, William Server, and Stan Rosinski. "IAEA Coordinated Research Project on Master Curve Approach to Monitor Fracture Toughness of RPV Steels: Applicability for Highly Embrittled Materials." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26097.

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In the Master Curve (MC) fracture model, a universal temperature dependence is assumed for ferritic steels, including those used in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) applications. The assumed curve shape also has been observed to be generally valid for highly irradiated or thermally aged materials that exhibit a high value of reference transition temperature, To. Lower than predicted fracture toughness behavior occasionally has been observed, however, in the upper transition range. It has been suggested that this behavior possibly may be associated with a lowered upper shelf toughness due to high irradiation doses. One objective of the present International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinated Research Project 8 (CRP-8) is to clarify the MC shape issue by collecting and analyzing relevant fracture toughness data measured on irradiated (or thermally aged) RPV and corresponding steels. For thermally aged or highly irradiated materials the fracture mode typically tends to gradually change from cleavage to one of intergranular fracture (IGF) which, if the IGF proportion is high, may significantly affect both the scatter and temperature dependence of fracture toughness. The data reviewed to date in this CRP show, in general, a very consistent fracture behavior with the basic Master Curve model that further confirms the applicability of the assumed curve shape. In cases where the basic homogeneity or fracture mode assumptions of the MC model were not satisfied due to high proportions of IGF, correspondence with the measured and predicted behavior could be markedly improved by applying available models developed to address inhomogeneous materials (e.g., SINTAP or the multi-modal model). The onset of upper shelf (TUS) and its correlation with To is presented as a possible approach for characterizing material behavior in the upper transition region when sufficient upper shelf fracture toughness data are available.
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Horn, Anthony J., and Thomas M. Axe. "Observations Arising From Exponential Fitting Methods to a Charpy V-Notch Energy Database From Tata Steel." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57488.

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Charpy testing across a range of temperatures is a cost effective way to characterise the ductile-to-brittle transition region. It is often convenient to fit a curve to Charpy data through the transition region: a commonly used method is to use a continuous tan-h fit, a single mathematical expression that links lower shelf, transition region and ductile upper shelf behaviour in one continuous curve. Using this method, the temperature dependence of Charpy energy is a unique feature of each individual steel with some steels exhibiting steep transition curves and some shallow curves. In contrast to Charpy data, fracture toughness data are usually analysed by partitioning upper shelf and transition region data. The transition region data is generally accepted to fit a universal temperature dependence, the Master Curve, as proposed by Wallin [1] and standardised in ASTM E1921 [2]. Recent research on nuclear pressure vessel steels [3, 4] has indicated that when Charpy data is assessed using a similar method to that used for fracture toughness data, a common exponential temperature dependence is observed. This paper presents the current results from an on-going investigation aimed at assessing the effect of exponential curve fitting methods on a large dataset of Charpy V-notch energy data from Tata Steel. The Tata Steel data cover a wide range of parent plate steels. The results are compared to the recent studies on nuclear pressure vessel steels and a similar exponential temperature dependence is observed.
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Novak, Jiri. "Engineering Analysis of the Warm Prestressing (WPS) Effect: Influence of Stress-Strain Curve, Specimen Size and WPS Level." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93114.

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Under WPS effect is understood ratio of stress intensity factor at fracture after WPS (Kfr) and the “usual” fracture toughness KIc. Theoretical models of WPS effects were derived for Small Scale Yielding (SSY) conditions. For comparison of experimental results with theory, classical Chell model was chosen: real Kfrexper is compared with predicted KfrChell. For characterization of pre-stress level in case of small specimens, it is convenient to use elastoplastic quantity KJWPS corrected to the equivalent KJWPS in SSY conditions; this quantity is denoted by symbol KJWPS(SSY). For material with certain stress-strain curve σ = f(ε), universal dependence of Kfrexper/KfrChell on KJWPS(SSY) was obtained, which describes behaviour of specimens of different sizes. If another stress-strain curve has the same shape (i.e. if σ = const.f(ε)), KIcfrexper/KfrChell lies (up to the accuracy of experiments) on the universal dependence curve Kfrexper/KfrChell vs. KJWPS(SSY)/σy, where KJWPS(SSY)/σy is a quantity proportional to the square root of the plastified zone size in SSY conditions. Different stress-strain curve shapes lead to smaller or greater Kfrexper/KfrChell. Stress-strain curves cannot be generally expressed by power law hardening, but the Curry-Smith model derived with the use of Ramberg-Osgood law qualitatively predicts the increase or decrease of Kfr in dependence on the strain hardening exponent.
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Gui, Lele, Tong Xu, Binan Shou, and Haiyang Yu. "Estimation of Q345R Fracture Toughness Based on Master Curve." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65484.

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1T CT specimens are used to evaluate the fracture toughness of Chinese Q345R steel in the ductile-brittle transition regime by Master Curve method. Tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and drop-weight tests of Q345R steel are also carried out to get the ductile-brittleness transition temperature and nil-ductility transition temperature. Master Curves are compared with the empirical formulas adopted in ASME, API and BS codes. Results show that the reference temperature T0 values derived from single-temperature and multi-temperature method by 1T specimen are basically consistent. Master Curve can well envelop the fracture toughness and temperature curves derived from the empirical formulas, and is more economic and flexible than the K1C curve with sufficient conservation.
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Kulka, R. S. "Adjustments to Master Curve Methodology and Development of Fracture Toughness Estimation." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57633.

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In conventional fracture mechanics assessments, there is often an inadequate treatment of in-plane constraint effects on the apparent toughness of structural components, leading to significant conservatism. Modifications to the Master Curve method, to account for these effects, have previously been suggested. A study of these proposed modifications has identified that less conservative toughness estimates could be made from the analysis of fracture mechanics test specimens. An approach has been developed for allowing a comparison of a variation of fracture toughness values throughout a component, to a variation of the localised effective driving force. Cracked-body finite element analysis has been used to assess fracture test specimens with varying levels of in-plane constraint, to provide fracture mechanics data for use with the approach that has been developed.
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Pisarski, Henryk, and Bostjan Bezensek. "Estimating Fracture Toughness From Charpy Data." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95787.

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Abstract Circumstances arise when direct determination of fracture toughness, necessary for conducting Engineering Critical Assessments (ECAs), is not possible but Charpy data are available. These situations can arise, for example, when assessments are needed for existing equipment to demonstrate avoidance of fracture or preliminary assessments are required when only specification properties are available. Some of the empirical procedures that may be used to estimate fracture toughness of steels are described. These are based on a recent revision and update of Annex J of BS 7910; the latter provides an integrated method for conducting ECAs. Procedures for estimating fracture toughness from Charpy data representing lower shelf (energies less than 27J), transitional (based on T27J or T40J (Charpy temperatures for 27J or 40J, respectively)) and upper shelf Charpy behaviour are described. In addition, a method is described for estimating T27J when determining fracture toughness from transitional Charpy behaviour where an incomplete transition curve or only single temperature data are available. The thinking behind the procedures is described and examples for their validation (i.e. predictions of fracture toughness compared with actual data) are provided.
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Ryu, Ho-Wan, Hune-Tae Kim, Jae-Jun Han, Yun-Jae Kim, Jong-Sung Kim, Myung-Rak Choi, and Jin-Weon Kim. "Effects of Side Groove on Fracture Toughness." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45731.

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This paper describes ductile tearing simulation for compact tension (C(T)) specimens using FE damage analysis based on the stress-modified fracture strain model. The side groove effect on J-resistance curve was estimated by experimental and analytical ways. In this paper, SA508 Grade 1A low alloy steel pipe material was considered. Tensile and C(T) specimens are simulated to determine the failure criteria with finite element method. Then, different shapes of C(T) specimens are analysed and the results from simulations are compared with test data for verification of proposed method. Overall, the predicted simulation results show good agreement with test data.
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Fett, Theo, Dietrich Munz, and Gerhard Thun. "Fracture Toughness Testing on Bars Under Opposite Cylinder Loading." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30507.

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Bars loaded by opposite concentrated forces via rollers are appropriate test specimens for the determination of the fracture toughness, KIc, and the crack resistance curve (R-curve) of ceramic materials. In this paper stress solutions for the proposed test specimens are provided, as well as the stress intensity factor and the T-stress solutions. As practical applications, R-curves are determined for a soft PZT ceramic and several alumina ceramics.
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Server, William L., Timothy J. Griesbach, and Stan T. Rosinski. "Application of Master Curve Data for Reactor Vessel Steels." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2013.

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The Master Curve method has been developed to determine fracture toughness of a specific material in the brittle-to-ductile transition range. This method is technically more descriptive of actual material behavior and accounts for the statistical nature of fracture toughness properties as an alternative to the current ASME Code reference toughness curves. The Master Curve method uses a single temperature, To, as an index of the Master Curve fracture toughness transition temperature. This method has been successfully applied to numerous fracture toughness data sets of pressure vessel steels contained in the Master Curve database, including the beltline materials for the Kewaunee reactor pressure vessel. The database currently contains over 5,500 toughness data records for vessel weld, plate and forging materials, and it is currently being updated to include more recent fracture toughness data. Application of Master Curve fracture toughness data to reactor pressure vessel (RPV) integrity evaluations requires some assumptions relative to the degree of constraint in the fracture toughness test specimens versus the actual assumed RPV flaw. An excessive degree of conservatism can be introduced if the constraint levels are substantially different. In performing a Master Curve evaluation, the analysis may be restricted by the type of fracture toughness data available. Any excess conservatism should be appropriately considered when the overall safety margin is applied. For example, the precracked Charpy three-point bend specimen actually has some advantages over the compact tension specimen when the application involves a shallow surface flaw in a RPV wall. This paper analyzes some key fracture toughness results from several weld data sets containing both unirradiated and irradiated data to evaluate constraint effects in fracture toughness and pre-cracked Charpy specimens. The evaluated To values were compared to determine if there is any difference in bias from specimen geometry between the unirradiated and irradiated data.
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Reports on the topic "Universal curve of fracture toughness"

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Nanstad, R. K., M. A. Sokolov, and D. E. McCabe. Fracture toughness curve shift method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/223658.

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Iskander, S. K., R. K. Nanstad, and E. T. Manneschmidt. Fracture toughness curve shift in low upper-shelf welds (series 8). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/223651.

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Chen, Xiang, Rebeca Hernandez Pascual, Marta Serrano, David Andres, Henk Nolles, and Mikhail Sokolov. Guidelines for IAEA Small Specimen Test Techniques Master Curve Fracture Toughness Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1649107.

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