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1

Afzal, Neelofer, and Devesh Singh. "Reconfigurable Mixed Mode Universal Filter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769198.

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This paper presents a novel mixed mode universal filter configuration capable of working in voltage and transimpedance mode. The proposed single filter configuration can be reconfigured digitally to realize all the five second order filter functions (types) at single output port. Other salient features of proposed configuration include independently programmable filter parameters, full cascadability, and low sensitivity figure. However, all these features are provided at the cost of quite large number of active elements. It needs three digitally programmable current feedback amplifiers and three digitally programmable current conveyors. Use of six active elements is justified by introducing three additional reduced hardware mixed mode universal filter configurations and its comparison with reported filters.
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2

Horng, Jiun-Wei, and Zih-Yang Jhao. "Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using Single DVCC." ISRN Electronics 2013 (March 10, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/125746.

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A voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using a differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC), two capacitors, and two resistors is presented. The proposed circuit has four input terminals and three output terminals and can realize all the standard filter functions, which are lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch, and allpass filters, without changing the circuit topology. Three simultaneous output filter responses can be obtained from some derived filter types. The proposed circuit employs only one DVCC that simplifies the configuration.
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3

PANDEY, NEETA, and SAJAL K. PAUL. "MIXED MODE UNIVERSAL FILTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 01 (January 2013): 1250064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500648.

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The configuration with electronic tunable characteristics that can work in mixed mode may be useful from IC realization viewpoint and application adaptability. This paper proposes an electronically tunable mixed mode universal filter based on multiple output current controlled current conveyor (MOCCCII) and this single topology without any alteration can be used in all four modes i.e., voltage (VM), current (CM), transimpedance (TIM) and transadmittance (TAM). The architecture uses four MOCCCIIs and two grounded capacitors; and can realize universal filter functions — low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) for all four modes. Moreover the input impedance is high and output impedance is low for voltage signal and vice-versa for current signal, hence the proposed topology is suitable for cascading for all four modes. The workability of the proposed circuit has been verified via SPICE simulations using AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology.
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4

Soliman, A. M. "Current mode universal filter." Electronics Letters 31, no. 17 (August 17, 1995): 1420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951018.

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5

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Programmable Current-Mode Universal Active Filters Employing Current Conveyors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 3 (1998): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/80984.

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Novel current-mode active filter circuits using current-conveyors are presented. The proposed circuits can realize all standard second-order filter functions. The circuits enjoy high output impedances and can, therefore, be easily cascaded to produce higher order filters. Moreover, the realized filter function can be easily programmed using at most a 13-bit digital number without changing the circuit topology.
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6

Pandey, Neeta, and Sajal K. Paul. "VM and CM Universal Filters Based on Single DVCCTA." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/929507.

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A universal voltage-mode filter (VM) and a current-mode filter (CM) based on recently proposed active building block, namely, differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) are proposed. Both the circuits use a single DVCCTA, two capacitors, and a single resistor. The filters enjoy low-sensitivity performance and low component spread and exhibit electronic tunability of filter parameters via bias currents of DVCCTA. SPICE simulation using 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters is included to show the workability of the proposed circuits.
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7

Bhaskar, Data R., Ajishek Raj, and Pragati Kumar. "Mixed-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Using OTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 10 (December 16, 2019): 2050162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501625.

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This paper introduces an electronically tunable mixed-mode universal biquad filter configuration employing four single output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), one dual output OTA and two grounded capacitors (GCs) (ideal for integrated circuit implementation and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitances). The presented structure can realize all second-order filter functions, namely, low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in voltage mode (VM), current mode (CM), transresistance mode (TRM) and transconductance mode (TCM) using appropriate selection(s) of input signals. The cut-off frequency ([Formula: see text] and bandwidth (BW) of the realized filters can be tuned orthogonally through the transconductance (by varying the bias currents) of the OTAs. The proposed biquad configuration enjoys low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of this multifunctional biquad filter topology has been confirmed through simulations using MATLAB and Analog Design Environment (ADE) spectre tool provided by Cadence Virtuoso, using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process parameter. The post-layout simulations have also been carried out to validate the theory.
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8

Parvizi, Mostafa, Abouzar Taghizadeh, Hamid Mahmoodian, and Ziaadin Daei Kozehkanani. "A Low-Power Mixed-Mode SIMO Universal Gm–C Filter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 10 (March 24, 2017): 1750164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661750164x.

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This paper describes a new single-input multiple-output (SIMO) mixed-mode universal biquad [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] filter. It can realize all kinds of filter responses including high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, simultaneously. Moreover, in this structure, all of these filters in all states of voltage mode, current mode, transresistance mode and transconductance mode are achieved by the same topology without any convertor. The proposed filter employs three operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) with four inputs and one output, three fully differential OTAs and two grounded capacitors. In other words, this filter is composed of six [Formula: see text] blocks and two grounded capacitors. The grounded capacitors are suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In order to reduce the power consumption, the OTAs are biased in subthreshold region. In addition, sensitivity analysis is included to show the low active and passive sensitivity performances of the filter. This filter is designed and simulated in HSPICE with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m model CMOS technology parameters. The simulation results show that the filter consumes only 75[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W and operates at 1.5[Formula: see text]MHz with [Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text]V supply voltages and capacitors [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pF.
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9

Shah, Nisar A., Munazah Quadri, and Syed Z. Iqbal. "CDTA based universal transadmittance filter." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 52, no. 1-2 (August 25, 2007): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-007-9091-3.

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10

Pandey, Rajeshwari, Neeta Pandey, Tushar Negi, and Vivek Garg. "CDBA Based Universal Inverse Filter." ISRN Electronics 2013 (March 17, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/181869.

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Current difference buffered amplifier (CDBA) based universal inverse filter configuration is proposed. The topology can be used to synthesize inverse low-pass (ILP), inverse high-pass (IHP), inverse band-pass (IBP), inverse band-reject (IBR), and inverse all-pass filter functions with appropriate admittance choices. Workability of the proposed universal inverse filter configuration is demonstrated through PSPICE simulations for which CDBA is realized using current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA). The simulation results are found in close agreement with the theoretical results.
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11

Phatsornsiri, Punnavich, Montree Kumngern, and Panit Lamun. "A Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using DDCCTA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 05 (February 25, 2016): 1650034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500341.

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This paper presents a new voltage-mode (VM) universal biquadratic filter using differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA) as an active element. The circuit employs one DDCCTA, two floating resistors and two floating capacitors which can realize five biquadratic filters, namely low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), band-stop (BS), high-pass (HP) and all-pass (AP) into one single topology. For realizing these filtering functions, passive component-matching conditions, inverting-type and/or doubling-input signal requirements and changing circuit configuration are absent. The natural angular frequency and quality factor of the filter can be orthogonally controlled deliberately. The VM biquadratic filter using grounded passive components with high-input and low-output impedances can be obtained by adding an additional DDCCTA or differential difference current conveyor (DDCC). The simulation results with 0.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from MIETEC are given to confirm the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are also included to verify the workability of the proposed structure.
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12

Prasad, Dinesh, Mayank Srivastava, and D. R. Bhaskar. "Transadmittance Type Universal Current-Mode Biquad Filter Using VDTAs." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 19, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/762845.

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A new resistorless single-input-multi-output (SIMO) universal transadmittance (TA) type filter employing two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTA) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed topology realizes simultaneously low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and band pass (BP) filter functions. Band rejects (BR) and all pass (AP) filters are also realizable through appropriate connections of currents. The proposed configuration also offers independent control of natural angular frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) and low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated through PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
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13

MAHESHWARI, SUDHANSHU, JITENDRA MOHAN, and DURG SINGH CHAUHAN. "HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE-MODE UNIVERSAL FILTER AND QUADRATURE OSCILLATOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 07 (November 2010): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006943.

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A new single input and five outputs high input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using three DVCCs, five passive components is presented. The proposed circuit offers the following features: high input impedance, realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band reject and all-pass filters simultaneously, the use of grounded capacitor, orthogonal control of ω0 and Q, no need to employ inverting type input signals, and no need to impose component choice except realizing the all-pass filter signal. A new quadrature oscillator circuit is also realized. PSPICE simulations using 0.35 μm TSMC CMOS parameters confirm the validity of the proposed circuit.
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14

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Husain Abdullah Al-Zaher. "Current-Mode Universal Filter Using FTFNs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 2 (1998): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/14563.

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A new current-mode universal filter is presented. The proposed filter uses three four-terminal floating nullors (FTFNs), three grounded capacitors, and four grounded resistors. The proposed filter has three inputs and one output and can realize lowpass, highpass, bandpass, notch, and allpass transfer functions without changing the circuit topology. The proposed filter enjoys low active and passive sensitivities and independent control of the parametersω0andω0Q0using grounded elements.
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15

R. Matias, Rafael, Cursino Brandão Jacobina, Alexandre Cunha Oliveira, and Welflen Ricardo Nogueira Santos. "Steady State Analysis Of Universal Active Power Filter." Eletrônica de Potência 18, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 1188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2013.4.11881196.

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16

Zhang, Chao, Yan Li, Jue Wang, and Pengwei Hao. "Universal Demosaicking of Color Filter Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 25, no. 11 (November 2016): 5173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2016.2601266.

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17

Shah, N. A., and S. Z. Iqbal. "Current-mode active-only universal filter." International Journal of Electronics 90, no. 6 (June 2003): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210310001612077.

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18

Bayard, J. "Universal filter using a ‘pseudo’ gyrator." International Journal of Electronics 95, no. 2 (February 2008): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207210701827814.

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19

Bhaskar, D. R., V. K. Sharma, M. Monis, and S. M. I. Rizvi. "New current-mode universal biquad filter." Microelectronics Journal 30, no. 9 (September 1999): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(99)00019-1.

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20

WU, JIE. "New switched-capacitor universal biquadratic filter." International Journal of Electronics 70, no. 1 (January 1991): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219108921263.

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21

Toumazou, C., and F. J. Ledgey. "Universal active filter using current conveyors." Electronics Letters 22, no. 12 (1986): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860453.

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22

Celma, S., J. Sabadell, and P. Martínez. "Universal filter using unity-gain cells." Electronics Letters 31, no. 21 (October 12, 1995): 1817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951269.

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23

Abuelma'atti, M. T., and M. H. Khan. "Low component current-mode universal filter." Electronics Letters 31, no. 25 (December 7, 1995): 2160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951497.

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24

Higashimura, M., and Y. Fukui. "Universal filter using plus-type CCIIs." Electronics Letters 32, no. 9 (1996): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960518.

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25

Zhijun, Li. "Mixed-mode universal filter using MCCCII." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 63, no. 12 (December 2009): 1072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2008.09.003.

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26

SINGH, A. K., R. SENANI, D. R. BHASKAR, and R. K. SHARMA. "A NEW ELECTRONICALLY-TUNABLE ACTIVE-ONLY UNIVERSAL BIQUAD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 03 (May 2011): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661100744x.

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A number of configurations for realizing voltage-mode (VM) biquads using op-amps and OTAs have been presented in the literature, however, none of these provide the following desirable properties simultaneously: (i) realizability of all the five standard filters (namely; low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop and all pass), (ii) tunability of all the three filter parameters (namely; ω0, bandwidth or Q0 and gain) and (iii) not requiring any realization condition in any of the five filter responses. This paper presents a new configuration which does possess all the above mentioned desirable properties simultaneously while using only two internally-compensated type op-amps and a reasonable number of OTAs. The workability of the new configuration has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations based upon CMOS Op-amp and CMOS OTAs.
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27

RANI, Pooja, Silki BAGHLA, and Himanshu MONGA. "AN IMPROVED PAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR UNIVERSAL FILTER MULTI-CARRIER MODULATION." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2018-0006.

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28

LEE, CHEN-NONG. "HIGH-ORDER MULTIPLE-MODE AND TRANSADMITTANCE-MODE OTA-C UNIVERSAL FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 05 (August 2012): 1250048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661250048x.

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This paper presents two new high-order OTA-C universal filters. The first proposed filter structure employs n + 3 operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and n grounded capacitors, which can realize nth-order multiple-mode (including voltage, current, transadmittance, and transimpedance modes) universal filtering responses (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandreject, and allpass) from the same topology. Since the OTA has high input and output impedances, it is very suitable for transadmittance-mode circuit applications. Therefore, a new high-order transadmittance-mode OTA-C universal filter structure using the minimum components is introduced. The second proposed filter structure uses only n + 1 OTAs and n grounded capacitors, which are the minimum components necessary for realizing nth-order transadmittance-mode universal filtering responses (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandreject, and allpass) from the same topology. This represents the attractive feature from chip area and power consumption point of view. Moreover, the two new OTA-C universal filters still enjoy many important advantages: no need of extra inverting or double-type amplifiers for special input signals, using only n grounded capacitors, no need of any resistors, cascadably connecting the former voltage-mode stage and the latter current-mode stage, and low sensitivity performance. H-Spice simulations with TSMC 0.35 μm process and ±1.65 V supply voltages are included and confirm the theoretical predictions.
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29

Suid, M. H., M. A. Ahmad, M. I. F. M. Hanif, M. Z. Tumari, and M. S. Saealal. "Universal Impulse Noise Suppression Using Extended Efficient Nonparametric Switching Median Filter." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821401003.

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This paper presents a filtering algorithm called extended efficient nonparametric switching median (EENPSM) filter. The proposed filter is composed of a nonparametric easy to implement impulse noise detector and a recursive pixel restoration technique. Initially, the impulse detector classifies any possible impulsive noise pixels. Subsequently, the filtering phase replaces the detected noise pixels. In addition, the filtering phase employs fuzzy reasoning to deal with uncertainties present in local information. Contrary to the existing conventional filters that only focus on a particular impulse noise model, the EENPSM filter is capable of filtering all kinds of impulse noise (i.e. the random-valued and/or fixed-valued impulse noise models). Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations have shown that the EENPSM method performs better than some of the existing methods by giving better filtering performance.
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30

Ranjan, Ashish, and Sajal K. Paul. "Voltage Mode Universal Biquad Using CCCII." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/439052.

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This paper proposes a multi-input single-output (MISO) second-order active-C voltage mode (VM) universal filter using two second-generation current-controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and two equal-valued capacitors. The proposed circuit realizes low pass, band pass, high pass, all pass, and notch responses from the same topology. The filter uses-minimum number of passive components and no resistor which is suitable for IC Design. The filter enjoys low-sensitivity performance and exhibits electronic and orthogonal tunability of pole frequency () and quality factor () via bias current of CCCIIs. PSPICE simulation results confirm the theory.
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31

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Amir Alam Farooqui. "Universal Current-Conveyor-Based Current-Mode Filters with Single Input and Three Outputs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 4 (1998): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/20543.

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Universal active current-mode filters with single input and three outputs are presented. The proposed filters avoid the use of external feedback in any part of the circuit and use grounded resistors and grounded capacitors. The proposed circuits can simultaneously realize lowpass, highpass, and bandpass filter functions.
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32

Ranjan, Ashish, Subrahmanyam Perumalla, Ravi Kumar, Vista John, and Shantikumar Yumnam. "Second Order Universal Filter Using Four Terminal Floating Nullor (FTFN)." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 06 (June 12, 2019): 1950091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500919.

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In this research paper, a voltage mode second order universal filter using Four Terminal Floating Nullor (FTFN) is presented. The proposed design uses Three Input Single Output (TISO) for the realization of all filter responses namely Low Pass Filter (LPF), High Pass Filter (HPF), Band Pass Filter (BPF), Notch Filter (NF) and All Pass Filter (APF) by using proper input selection. The analog building block, FTFN is simply realized with two commercially available AD844 ICs. The proposed second order universal filter comes with a single FTFN block with four passive components in which no component matching is required for filter realization. The universal filter is well verified using PSPICE simulation. In addition, experimental verification for the second order APF has been performed that confirms the theoretical expectations.
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33

RANI, Pooja, Silki BAGHLA, and Dr Himanshu MONGA. "UNIVERSAL FILTER MULTICARRIER MODULATION SYSTEM WITH VARIED PARAMETERS & IMPACT ON PAPR." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2018-0016.

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34

Rai, Rashmika, and S. Indu. "DDCCTA-Based Universal filter and Quadrature Oscillator." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 3, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201804224.

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The study presents a universal filter and Oscillator obtain by applying only single input. All the passive components used are grounded which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In the circuit by applying for single input simultaneously low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, All Pass, and Notch filter is obtained by using two blocks of Differential Difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier.
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35

ZihaibKhan, Mohd, and Mohd Samar Ansari. "Digitally Programmable Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter." International Journal of Computer Applications 54, no. 16 (September 25, 2012): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8651-2524.

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36

Pandey, Neeta, and Sajal K. Paul. "SIMO Transadmittance Mode Active-C Universal Filter." Circuits and Systems 01, no. 02 (2010): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2010.12009.

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37

Singh, Devesh, and Neelofer Afzal. "Fully digitally programmable voltage mode universal filter." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 81, no. 3 (October 9, 2014): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-014-0418-6.

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38

Chen, Hua-Pin, Yi-Zhen Liao, and Wen-Ta Lee. "Tunable mixed-mode OTA-C universal filter." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 58, no. 2 (November 4, 2008): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-008-9228-z.

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39

Chen, Hua-Pin. "Single CCII-based voltage-mode universal filter." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 62, no. 2 (July 19, 2009): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-009-9345-3.

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40

CHEN, HUA-PIN. "VERSATILE VOLTAGE-MODE DDCC-BASED UNIVERSAL FILTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 04 (June 2011): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007542.

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A novel versatile three-input five-output universal voltage-mode filter employing two differential difference current conveyors, two grounded capacitors and three resistors is proposed. The proposed configuration can be used as either a single-input five-output or three-input two-output. Unlike the previously reported works, it can simultaneously realize five different generic signals: low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, notch and all-pass. Moreover, the proposed circuit still offers the following advantages: (i) the employment of two grounded capacitors, (ii) no need to employ inverting-type input signals, (iii) no need to impose component choice, (iv) orthogonal control of the resonance angular frequency ωo and the quality factor Q and (v) low active and passive sensitivity performances.
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41

Zhang, Hao, Yibao Yuan, and Weiying Piao. "A universal spline filter for surface metrology." Measurement 43, no. 10 (December 2010): 1575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2010.09.008.

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42

Sun, Zhonggui, and Songcan Chen. "Modifying NL-means to a universal filter." Optics Communications 285, no. 24 (November 2012): 4918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.07.045.

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43

Mittal, Nupur. "Current controlled conveyor based on universal filter." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 11, no. 6 (February 1, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i6/117628.

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44

Liu, S. I. "Universal filter using two current-feedback amplifiers." Electronics Letters 31, no. 8 (1995): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950425.

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45

Özoǧuz, S., and E. O. Güneş. "Universal filter with three inputs using CCII+." Electronics Letters 32, no. 23 (1996): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19961454.

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46

Singh, Divya, and Sajal K. Paul. "Realization of current mode universal shadow filter." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 117 (April 2020): 153088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153088.

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47

Amin Malik, Mohd. "Current/voltage-mode universal filter using FTFNs." Journal of the Franklin Institute 347, no. 2 (March 2010): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2009.11.003.

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48

Chen, Hua-Pin. "Single FDCCII-based universal voltage-mode filter." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 63, no. 9 (September 2009): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2008.05.012.

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49

Chen, Hua-Pin. "Versatile multifunction universal voltage-mode biquadratic filter." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 64, no. 10 (October 2010): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2009.07.006.

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50

Shah, Nisar Ahmad, Syed Zaffer Iqbal, and Mohammad Farooq Rather. "Versatile voltage-mode CFA-based universal filter." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 59, no. 3 (June 2005): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2004.11.037.

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