Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Universal motor'

Bibliography: leaves 131-138.
The vast improvements made in the development of rare earth magnets, power electronics and micro-electronics over the last two decades can claim to be the major driving forces behind the rapid growth of permanent magnet (PM) brushless motor drives. The state of the art in PM motor technology is the PM universal motor, i.e. a combination of a PM synchronous and a PM brushless direct current (DC) motor. The PM universal motor has the capability to operate as a variable speed DC shunt motor with high torque at low speeds, and also as a synchronous motor at constant speed with high efficiency. The literature on synchronous and PM brushless motors is very extensive, although no studies have dealt with the concept of a PM brushless universal motor in any detail. The objective of this thesis is to develop an energy efficient, high performance, reliable and inexpensive electrical motor to replace induction motors, in the 21st century. Initial research of different AC motors highlighted the importance of correctly designing electrical motors. The different PM synchronous motors used in this study revealed that a sound knowledge of the motor's performance characteristics, at the design stage, is crucial to the successful and optimal design of any PM motor.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Digital games are being played gradually more for entertainment, leisure and as a tool for education. However, one does not observe an increase in gaming accessibility corresponding to the ascending importance and use of these software systems. Universal Design provides an alternative approach to design more usable and accessible solutions to as many people as possible, regardless of their physical, cognitive and emotional capabilities. The Universal Design for games is in its early stages: so far, only a few universal titles have been created. Those few games were designed following the Unified Design, a process which leads the game design to a more abstract and modality independent way. However, albeit aiding designing the game, the implementation is left to the developer. Game engines are software created to ease the development and the implementation of digital games. Hence, this work describes a game engine for universal games UA-Game Engine (UGE), which purpose is to ease the development of universal games. UGE explores data-driven, event-driven and entity component systems to ease the development of run-time flexible and adaptable games. This dissertation introduces the concepts of Abstract Game World, Concrete Game World, Meta-Game and Game. To achieve this result, this dissertation informally demonstrates that is it possible to construct a universal game by decomposing any game world into three elements: entity (actor), component and event. These elements are used to create an Abstract Game World without a user resulting into an input-output free Meta-Game. Afterwards, it is suggested that it possible to combine the three elements to reconstruct one or more Concrete Game Worlds from the Abstract Game World to suit the interaction needs of the users. With this result, the UGE game engine was developed. UGE uses an extensible and flexible user profile to, during run-time, tailor the Meta-Game into an accessible Game, by defining all the input and output interactions according to the user s interaction needs. Finally, it is described the evaluation and validation process, currently in progress the obtained results so far classify the project as promising.
Jogos digitais são cada vez mais utilizados para o entretenimento, lazer e como ferramenta para a educação. No entanto, não se observa um aumento de acessibilidade correspondente ao aumento do uso e da importância destes sistemas de software. O Design Universal apresenta-se como alternativa para o desenvolvimento de soluções usáveis e acessíveis ao maior número possível de pessoas, independentemente de suas capacidades físicas, cognitivas e emocionais. Em jogos, o Unified Design, é um processo que norteia a realização do design de um jogo digital universal. Entretanto, a implementação do design obtido é deixada a cargo do desenvolvedor. Game engines (motores de jogos) são sistemas de software concebidos para facilitar o desenvolvimento e a implementação de jogos digitais. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um motor para jogos universais, denominada UA-Game Engine (UGE) com o objetivo de facilitar a desenvolvedores criarem jogos universais. Para isto, o motor explora arquiteturas datadriven, event-driven e sistemas entidade-componente para promover o desenvolvimento de jogos flexíveis e adaptáveis em tempo de execução. São introduzidos os conceitos de Mundo Abstrato de Jogo, Mundo Concreto de Jogo, Meta-Jogo e Jogo. Para isto, este trabalho demonstra, informalmente, que é possível construir um jogo universal decompondo-se um mundo de jogo qualquer de forma a torna-lo independente de entradas e saídas por meio de três elementos: entidade (ator), componente e evento. Estes elementos são usados para se obter um Mundo Abstrato de Jogo resultando-se em um Meta-Jogo livre de entradas e saídas. Em seguida, sugere-se que é possível combinar estes três elementos para se reconstruir um ou mais Mundos Concretos de Jogo a partir de um Mundo Abstrato de Jogo de acordo com necessidades de interação específicas de usuários. Com base neste resultado, desenvolveu-se o motor UGE que utiliza um perfil de usuário extensível e flexível para, em tempo de execução, adaptar o Meta-Jogo em um Jogo acessível, definindo-se todas as entradas e saídas necessárias para adequar às interações às necessidades do usuário. Ao final, descreve-se o processo de avaliação e validação do motor, atualmente em progresso os resultados obtidos até o momento classificam o projeto como promissor.

Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) are receiving significant attention from industries in the last decade. They are extremely inexpensive, reliable and weigh less than other machines of comparable power outputs. Although the design principles of the machine are available as a concatenation of many different sources, the need for a unified, step-by-step design procedure from first principles of electromagnetics is an absolute requirement. This dissertation discusses a procedure that can be applied by engineers with a basic background in electromagnetics. Subsequent to the design of the machine, existing finite element software can do the analysis of the machine. However, this is a laborious process and the need for an analytical method is preferable to verify the design procedure before the final verification by finite elements. The analytical procedure as well as a procedure to calculate iron losses is also developed in this dissertation. A prototype machine has been developed as an example of the design process and an existing prototype is analyzed to verify the analysis procedure. The similarities between the SRM and the Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machine (PMDBC) beg the consideration of the development of a converter that can be used to drive either machine. One such converter has been developed in this dissertation. The design of the drive for both the machines is seen to be very similar. As a consequence, a universal controller that can be used to operate both machines has been developed and implemented with a DSP. Simulations and experimental correlation for both drives have been presented.
Ph. D.

Este estudo identifica as vantagens do uso de um estator fabricado usando a tecnologia da metalurgia do pó, identificando suas vantagens e desvantagens. O motor elétrico utilizado é um motor do tipo universal originalmente o estator desta máquina, possui o núcleo fabricado em chapas laminadas, este foi substituído por um estator com núcleo em bloco maciço, mantendo-se as demais partes do motor originais, ou seja, nestes testes o rotor bobinado continuará a utilizar chapas laminadas e escovas originais. Motores elétricos foram desenvolvidos no início do século XIX e desde então vem sendo utilizado em larga escala com mudanças pouco significativas na sua forma construtiva, materiais e processo de fabricação. Neste trabalho o principal objetivo foi o desenvolvimento de um núcleo do estator para motor universal a partir dos processos da metalurgia do pó (M/P). Simulações com o software FEMM identificaram o comportamento de várias ligas (Fe-P, Fe-Si e Fe-Ni). Após análise dos dados da simulação foi selecionado o Fe1%P, por ter apresentado os melhores resultados para a aplicação na máquina elétrica em questão. As simulações permitiram comparações dos parâmetros eletromagnéticos e torque, entre estatores utilizando chapas de silício do motor original e estatores de núcleo maciço com dados das ligas experimentadas fabricadas através da metalurgia do pó. A fabricação destes núcleos consiste nas misturas da liga, compactação utilizando matriz para formato desejado, sinterização e acabamentos através de usinagem e eletroerosão. Foi utilizada uma furadeira manual comercial, testada em bancada para levantamento detalhado a fim de caracterizar as propriedades que definem a eficiência do equipamento com o estator original. Os mesmos testes foram conduzidos apenas substituindo o estator, agora de núcleo maciço. Processo de fabricação através da metalurgia do pó permite um menor consumo de material e energia, sendo este um processo muito mais eficiente quando comparado ao processo de fabricação das chapas laminadas de ferro silício.
This study will identify the advantages of using a fabricated stator using the technology of powder metallurgy, identifying its advantages and disadvantages. The electric motor used is a universal type motor, originally the stator core of this machine are made of laminated plates, this was replaced by a stator core with solid block , keeping the remaining parts of the original machine, ie these tests the wound rotor continued to use rolled sheet and original brushes. Electric motors were developed in the early of 19th century, and has since been used in large scale with little significant changes in its constructive form, materials and manufacturing process. This work has as main goal the development of a stator core for universal motor from the processes of powder metallurgy (M/P). Simulations with the FEMM software identified the behavior of various alloys (Fe-P, Fe -Si and Fe-Ni) .After data analysis of the simulation was selected Fe1%P, for having presented the best results for the application in the electric machine in question. The computer simulations of electromagnetic parameters and comparisons torque between stator plates using the original silicon motor stators and solid core of data experienced alloys manufactured by powder metallurgy. The manufacture of these core constitutes mix league, using compression matrix to desired shape, sintering and finishing by machining and EDM. Trade manual drill was used, tested on bench for detailed study to characterize the properties that define the efficiency of the equipment to the original stator. The same tests were conducted just by replacing the stator, now solid core. Manufacturing process by powder metallurgy allow less consumption of material and energy, this is a much more efficient process compared to the process of manufacturing the laminated silicon iron sheets.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um núcleo do rotor de um motor universal a partir dos processos da metalurgia do pó (M/P). O rotor desta máquina, cujo núcleo é originalmente fabricado em chapas laminadas, foi substituído por um rotor com núcleo em bloco maciço, mantendo-se as demais partes como eixo e escovas. A partir de simulações no software FEMM e dados existentes referentes ao desempenho de ligas metálicas sinterizadas como Fe-P, Fe-Si e Fe-Ni, foi selecionado o Fe1%P, que apresentou os melhores resultados para a aplicação na máquina elétrica em questão. Foram feitas simulações relacionadas às características eletromagnéticas e a partir dos resultados obtidos puderam-se fazer comparações entre um rotor convencional, fabricado com núcleo de chapas laminadas e o rotor com o núcleo maciço fabricado utilizando-se a metalurgia do pó. As etapas de fabricação consistem em mistura da liga, compactação, sinterização e forma final através de eletroerosão. A máquina foi montada utilizando a estrutura de um motor de furadeira manual comercial, mantendo-se todas as partes da máquina original com exceção do núcleo do rotor, e posteriormente foi testada em bancada, comparativamente a uma máquina convencional para análise dos resultados. Foi possível a substituição do rotor oriundo de placas laminadas por um rotor oriundo de metalurgia do pó. Os resultados dos ensaios com a máquina fabricada comprovaram que a liga Fe1%P é, comparativamente ao núcleo de chapas convencional, tecnicamente inferior para a fabricação de motores universais. Utilizando a liga Fe1%P seu rendimento foi de 7% contra 27% do motor convencional assim como torque e demais parâmetros ficaram abaixo do motor padrão.
The main objective of this work was the development of a rotor core of a universal motor from the processes of powder metallurgy (M/P). The rotor of this machine, whose core is originally manufactured in laminated plates, was replaced by a rotor core with solid block, keeping the other parts like shaft and brushes. From the software FEMM simulations and existing data regarding the performance of sintered alloys such as Fe-P, Fe-Si and Fe-Ni, was selected Fe1%P, which showed the best results for application in electric machine in question. Simulations were made related to the electromagnetic characteristics and from the results of comparisons could be made between a conventional rotor, made of rolled core and the solid core rotor is manufactured using powder metallurgy. The manufacturing steps comprise of mixing the alloy, compacting, sintering and final form by electro erosion. The machine structure was assembled using a hand drill motor trade, keeping all parts of the original machine except the rotor core, and thereafter the machine was tested on bench, compared to a conventional machine to analyze the results. It was possible to replace the rotor coming from a rotor laminated plates derived from powder metallurgy. The results of the tests made with the machine shown that the alloy Fe1% P is compared to a conventional core plates, technically inferior to manufacture universal motors. Using the league Fe1%P its yield was 7% versus 27% of the conventional engine as well as torque and other parameters were below the standard engine.

In this diploma thesis, universal inverter was manufactured and successfully tested with DC, BLDC and AC motor. Inverter is composed of the power board for driving extralow voltage supplied electric motors (from +12V to +24V) and control board with microcontroller MC56F8257. There is also explained the principle of driving DC, BLDC and AC motor as well as description of the most frequently used peripherals and inverter. components

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O presente trabalho de pesquisa consiste na concepção de um veículo motorizado elétrico modular de acoplamento universal em qualquer modelo de cadeira de rodas mecanomanual. Trata-se de um equipamento eletro-mecânico, disponibilizado em forma de acessório, com estrutura física simplificada e alta tecnologia eletrônica aplicada capaz de proporcionar ao cadeirante maior liberdade de movimentação sem desgastes físicos. A aliança entre o design inclusivo e a área médica pode se relevar um passo importante na obtenção de produtos direcionados para as necessidades reais de pessoas com condições físicas e psíquicas particulares, melhorando o seu bem-estar e capacidade de execução de atividades no dia a dia. Desta forma, o presente trabalho é direcionado pelos fundamentos do design inclusivo com o principal ponto focal no usuário, mas que apresenta outros dois importantes pilares adotados em sua metodologia de desenvolvimento, sendo eles, o benchmarkig e o estudo de Normas Técnicas aplicadas no desenvolvimento de equipamentos assistivos. São apresentadas as etapas de desenvolvimento, ensaios com base em Normas Técnicas e teste de usabilidade. Busca-se evidenciar todo o processo de design de equipamento, assim como o estudo teórico de estabilidade e montagem do protótipo funcional. Os ensaios baseados na Norma Técnica ABNT NBR ISO 7176 permitem o entendimento do comportamento dinâmico e funcional do protótipo em termos de estabilidade estática, eficácia dos freios, consumo de energia, velocidade máxima, aceleração, desaceleração e capacidade de transposição de obstáculos. Por fim, discute-se a análise de resultados dos ensaios junto aos resultados teóricos calculados e pré-requisitos estabelecidos.
The thesis consists in the conception of a modular electric motor vehicle that can be attached in any model of standard wheelchair. It is an electro-mechanical equipment, available as an accessory, with a simplified physical structure and high applied electronic technology capable of giving the wheelchair greater freedom of movement without physical wear and tear. The union between inclusive design and the medical field can be an important step in obtaining products aimed at the real needs of people with particular physical and psychological conditions, improving their well-being and ability to do their daily activities. In this way, the thesis is guided by the fundamentals of inclusive design with the main focal point in the user, by the way presents two other important pillars adopted in its development methodology, being the benchmarkig and the study of Technical Standards applied in the development of Assistive devices. The stages of development are presented, tests based on Technical Standards and usability testing. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the whole process of equipment design, as well as the theoretical study of stability and assembly of the functional prototype. The tests based on the Technical Standard ABNT NBR ISO 7176 allow the understanding of the dynamic and functional behavior of the prototype in terms of static stability, brake efficiency, power consumption, maximum speed, acceleration, deceleration and obstacle transposition capacity. Finally, we discuss the analysis of the results of the tests together with the calculated theoretical results and established prerequisites.

This thesis describes theway of BPM motors control and its use in life testing. Firstly it describes the properties of motors and their differences. Secondly it describes possibilities of motor control and their need for life testing. Finally it describes proposal of the universal control unit, types of controling, programming part and technical documentations.

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DRAGO, M.A. ANÁLISE POR MEIO DA MEV DA SUPERFÍCIE EXTERNA DOS INSTRUMENTOS PROTAPER® UNIVERSAL ACIONADOS A MOTOR ANTES E APÓS SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NO PREPARO DE CANAIS DE MOLARES. [dissertação mestrado].Vitória: Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. 2011. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tipo e a localização dos defeitos nas superfícies dos instrumentos ProTaper® Universal acionados a motor antes e após o seu uso no preparo de canais radiculares e comparar possíveis modificações de sua conformação original decorrentes do seu uso no preparo de canais radiculares. Foram utilizadas 8 caixas de instrumentos Protaper® Universal, contendo: S1, S2, Sx, F1, F2, F3, F4 e F5 de 25mm de comprimento, divididas em 3 grupos. No grupo A, os instrumentos foram avaliados antes do seu uso. No grupo B, após o uso de cada série de instrumentos no preparo de 3 molares, seguindo a técnica de instrumentação preconizada pelo fabricante. No grupo C, os mesmos instrumentos foram avaliados após serem usados em mais dois molares. As análises foram conduzidas nos seguintes aspectos dimensionais: comprimento e ângulo da ponta; diâmetro e conicidade em vários pontos ao longo da haste helicoidal e diâmetro D0; ângulos de inclinação das hélices em relação ao longo eixo do instrumento; comprimentos dos passos da hélice e comprimento total da haste da hélice. Além disso, foram avaliadas as deformações dos 3mm a partir da ponta. As medições foram realizadas no microscópio eletrônico de varredura, de acordo com a Especificação n.101 da ANSI/ADA (2001) antes e após seu uso nos dois momentos da instrumentação dos canais radiculares. Os valores encontrados foram analisados com testes descritivos, teste de Wilcoxon e teste t. Os resultados mostraram que os tipos de defeitos encontrados nos instrumentos ProTaper® Universal foram marcas de frenagem e tiras de metal, arestas cortantes rombas e depressões. Esses defeitos estavam presentes em suas superfícies ao longo dos 3 mm estudados. Antes da instrumentação dos canais radiculares, marcas de frenagem, tiras de metal e arestas cortantes rombas foram mais observadas no primeiro e no terceiro milimetro. Após a instrumentação, a quantidade de instrumentos que apresentou arestas cortantes rombas e depressões progrediu. Houve a diminuição do comprimento da ponta destes instrumentos, enquanto o seu ângulo aumentou em todos os momentos. O diâmetro permaneceu dentro do limite de tolerância em algumas partes da haste do instrumento, ao longo do experimento. Os ângulos de inclinação das hélices diminuiram em algumas arestas, enquanto, a distância entre as cristas consecutivas das hastes helicoidais aumentaram em todos os momentos. O comprimento da parte ativa estava abaixo dos 16mm preconizados e com a utilização dentro do canal radicular, os valores reduziram. Nenhum instrumento fraturou durante a realização do experimento. Palavras chaves: MEV, níquel-titânio, instrumento rotatório.

Determining the characteristics of piston engines with a propeller is a complex task. Accurate calculations are based on engine and propeller characteristics from the manufacturers, which are, however, quite demanding. It is also possible to use simplified models that can predict the achievable values of propeller efficiency and fuel consumption. They are based on a simple propeller efficiency and maximum power. However, these models are often very inaccurate, which is a significant disadvantage. Therefore, it is possible to use the universal characteristics of propeller propulsion units, which offers a more accurate calculation of power and fuel consumption using a relatively simple model. The diploma thesis deals with a summary description of all characteristics of reciprocating internal combustion engines and propellers. A mathematical model was created here, which works according to a certain algorithm based on the joint work of the engine and the propeller. This model can predict the required power and fuel consumption in different flight modes much more accurately. The results were applied to the performance of ultralight aircraft, especially to the range, which was significantly increased.

The aim of this thesis is to design a conceptual self-propelled forestry winch for removing and skidding in thinning steep terrain. The thesis contains patent search of design solutions the machines using in the field, conceptual design of structural layout, assembly drawing overall concept of the equipment and drawing concept chassis design.

Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Title from electronic theses title page (viewed July 18, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: Motor Scooters; Experiential Design; Movement; Ramps; Retail Includes bibliographic references.

In this thesis various aspects of the electromagnetic effects influencing the commutation of uncompensated single phase universal motors are investigated. An introduction to the subject as well as a review of significant literature on the subject are given. The literature review includes classical text books about commutator motors as well as more recent publications about the mathematical analysis of the commutation of universal motors. Subsequently, the analysis of the most important inductances of the machine is outlined that comprises the analytical and numerical calculation as well as the measurement of the machine inductances using different measurement techniques. Moreover, a brush model for commutation analysis of small commutator motors is presented. Equivalent circuits of the brush are established for the cases of one coil shorted and two coils shorted by one brush, and a strategy to obtain their elements is proposed. This uses a dedicated finite difference program to calculate the effective brush resistance between all pairs of terminals. The treatment of the boundary conditions is critical in this process. The resulting terminal resistances are regarded as combinations of a set of internal resistances and this nonlinear relationship is inverted to obtain the internal resistors using a modified Newton-Raphson method. Results are presented showing the influence of anisotropy and geometry, and a simplified example of commutation analysis using the model established is given. In the next step the arcing phenomenon in analysed mathematically. Equations are given for the pre-arcing phase, the arcing phase and the post-arc oscillation. Equivalent circuits for the different phases are proposed and the equations are derived strictly from a circuit point of view. In the analysis a constant arc voltage (confirmed by experimental data and literature on the subject) and a minimum uncommutated residual current necessary for arc ignition are assumed. Those quantities are adopted from reviewed literature and used in the calculations. The design of a motor test bench is described that allows to measure the motor performance according to the principle of the reaction dynamometer. The load machine is mounted on air bearings to minimize possible torque errors in the measurements. A measured torque speed characteristic of a universal motor is shown as well as the torque as a function of the motor current. These measurements were carried out at reduced motor voltage to keep the shaft speed within reasonable limits. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out in order to estimate how strongly certain rotor coils undergoing rapid current changes affect each other due to mutual coupling and how the mutual coupling changes in the presence of a damping field winding. Several FEA simulations are performed in order to get an insight into the flux pattern if rotor coils are acting on each other and the field winding is allowed to impose its damping effect on the rotor coils. Simple AC measurements are performed as well as di/dt - tests using a more complex oscillating circuit for measurements of the change of the di/dt of a rotor coil with and without the presence of an active field winding. Additionally, investigations are carried out in order to analyse the influence of power cord and source impedances on the ability of the field winding of an uncompensated universal motor to damp flux variations caused by the commutation process. The motor is regarded as a harmonic generator with the power cord and the source impedance acting as a load. Rotational tests are carried out with different loads connected to the field winding and the Fourier spectrums of the field voltage are evaluated. In the final stage a simulation model is described that uses deductions from the previous chapters and that simulates the electromagnetic behaviour of the machine including the complex problem of brush commutation. Measured and calculated signals suitable for validation of the model were compared in order to evaluate the accuracy of the model with regard to motor performance and commutation analysis.

Orientador: Ademir de Marco
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se houve modificação ou alteração nos níveis de desenvolvimento em relação ao objetivo da tarefa. Para este fim, os padrões fundamentais de movimento arremessar e chutar foram executados em duas situações diferentes: ao alvo e à distância e analisados em 50 crianças de 7 anos de idade. Estas crianças foram selecionadas na Escola Municipal de 10grau "Violeta Dória Lins", localizada no bairro Vila Rica, no município de Campinas (SP) e as tarefas arremessar e chutar foram analisadas de acordo com o desempenho, através da seqüência de desenvolvimento de GALLAHUE (1989), a qual permite a caracterização dos sujeitos nos estágios inicial, elementar e maduro e da análise de estágios por componentes de ROBERTON & HALVERSON (1984), representados pela ação dos braços, ação do tronco e ação das pernas e pés. Os resultados apresentaram mudanças significativas no nível de desenvolvimento, tanto intra quanto inter-tarefa, quando mudava-se o objetivo da tarefa (do alvo para a distância) ou a tarefa (do arremessar para o chutar). Conclui-se, portanto, que é a integração entre as restrições do organismo, do ambiente e da tarefa que fornece subsídios para a interpretação das mudanças no desenvolvimento motor e que esta interpretação difere de indivíduo para indivíduo, permitindo variações muito particulares. Isto indica que os padrões fundamentais de movimento não seguem uma seqüência hierárquica, como defendem as teorias tradicionais, nem são absolutamente consistentes em todas as condições, havendo uma organização diferente em relação ao objetivo da tarefa
Abstract: This paperwork had as objective to verify if there had been modification or alteration in the levels of development in relation to the task objective. For this aim, the fundamentals motor pattems of movement to throw and to kick were performed in two different situations: to targets and from distance and analyzed in 50 children of 7 years of age. Those children were selected in the Municipal Elementary School "Violeta Dória Lins", located in Vila Rica quarter, in Campinas SP county, and the tasks of throwing and kicking were analyzed according to the performance, through the GALLAHUE development sequence (1989), which permits the persons' characterization in the initial, elementary and mature stages and the analyzes of the stages by ROBERTON & HALVERSON components (1984), represented by the arms action, trunk action and legs and feet action. The results showed significant changes in the development level, as in the intra as in the inter-task, when the task aim was changed (from the target to the distance) or the task (from throwing to kicking). We can conclude, therefore, that it is the integration among the organism constraints, the environment and the task that provides subsidies for the interpretation of changes in the motor development and that this interpretation differs ftom individualto individual, allowing very particular variations. This indicates that the fundamental motor pattems do not follow a hierarchic sequence, as the traditional theories support, nor they are absolutely consistent in all the conditions, having a different organization in relation to the task aim
Mestrado
Educação Motora
Mestre em Educação Física

Šiame baigiamajame darbe apžvelgtos dulkių sprogimų atsiradimo priežastys bei sprogimų plitimų mechanizmas. Aprašyti sprogimų žemės ūkio įmonėse padariniai. Aptartos techninės priemonės, įgalinančias lokalizuoti pirminius silpnus dulkių sprogimus ir taip išvengiant stiprių, griaunamosios jėgos sprogimų. Išanalizuotos ugnį užtveriančių ir technologinių universaliųjų sklendžių tiesiaeiges elektros pavaros. Naudojant programinį modeliavimo paketą Matlab Simulink sudarytas universaliosios sklendės tiesiaeigės pavaros modelis ir gautos dinaminių charakteristikų imitacijos kreives. Naudojant programinį paketą SolidWorks sumodeliuota universalioji sklendė ir gauta smūginės bangos slėgio veikiamo sklendės judamojo elemento deformacija ir judamojo elemento deformacija, kai induktoriaus aktyviojoje zonoje įtaisyti papildomi atraminiai guoliai. Baigiamojo darbo pabaigoje pateiktos išvados ir pasiūlymai.
The final work of master analyses the causes of dust explosions and explosions spread mechanism. A short overview of the explosions effects in the agro - industry is presented. Technical devices enabling the localization of primary weak dust explosions and so avoiding the strong, destructive force explosions are discussed. Fire blocking and universal linear electric drives are analyzed. Using software package Matlab Simulink model of universal linear electric drive is created and dynamic characteristics are gained. Using software package SolidWorks model of universal linear electric drive is created and valves mobile element deformation and deformation of the mobile element, when there are installed additional supporting bearings in the inductor active zone are obtained when mobile element is affected by the pressure of the explosion wave. Concluding part presents inferences and suggestions.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In face of the professional diversity found in urban environment, this work disserts on the appeareance and development of a recent socio-professional category - the one of the moto-taxi pilots - focusing on a specific group of moto-taxi pilots in the city of Campina Grande - PB. Subsidized by the etnographic method, this work was developed through participant observation of a moto-taxi stand, between November of 2012 and August of 2013. The stand XXX, located at the Venancio Neiva St. - city downtown, belongs to the "white motorbikes pilots", i.e. the ones that are registered at the city's Traffic and Public Transportation Office (STTP-CG). With the objective of capturing the diverse situations that can be found in the daily lives of those workers, this research listens to what moto-taxi pilots have to say, considering the conditions that drove them to join this system and their relationships with their families, customers, associates, colleagues, employers, companies and public agents. We aimed on perceiving the tensions and conflicts that rise due to the daily relationship between "freedom" - which main representation would justify their stay in such a though job, and the restrictions to their activities, which are commonly associated to the risk intrinsically related with their job, to the urban violence, to traffic regulation, to the embarrassment by the close relationship with the costumer and the stereotypes that those workers are subject to.
Diante da diversidade profissional encontrada no meio urbano, esta dissertação tem como objetivo refletir sobre o surgimento e perenidade de uma recente categoria sócioprofissional, -o mototaxista-, apresentando como foco um grupo específico de mototaxistas da Cidade de Campina Grande- PB. Subsidiado pelo método etnográfico, este trabalho foi construído a partir de observação participante de um Ponto de mototáxi, entre novembro de 2012 e agosto de 2013. O Ponto XXX, situa-se na Rua Venâncio Neiva, Centro da cidade, pertencendo ao grupo dos “mototaxistas das motos brancas”, ou seja; aqueles que possuem cadastro na Secretaria de Trânsito e Transporte Público de Campina Grande (STTP-CG). Buscandn apreender as diversas situações encontradas no cotidiano desser trabalhadores, a pesquisa voltou-se aos discursos dos mototaxistas, abordando as condições que motivaram seu ingresso no sistema, seu cotidiano nas relações com a família e nas relações de trabalho com clientes, associados, colegas, patrões, órgãos e agentes públicos. Buscamos perceber as tensões e conflitos decorrentes da relação cotidiana entre a "liberdade" -principal representação- justificando sua permanência nessa atividade "cansada" e as restrições às suas atividades, vinculadas à insalubridade no trabalho, à violência urbana, as regulamentações de trânsito, aos constrangimentos nas relações com os clientes e os estigmas recorrentes desta atividade.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-110).

碩士
國立交通大學
電機與控制工程學系
86
This thesis presents the design and implementation of a universal ac motor control IC using complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The proposed control IC is constructed under rotor flux oriented control, and may be used for vector control of both permanent magnet and induction ac motors. There are three major units in this control IC: voltage/current vector controller, decoupling controller, and servo controller. The control IC is programmable, and control parameters can be set by an external microprocesos. In the realization of the current vector controller, 10-bit integer arithmetic is adopted, and the current vector control can be either operating in stationary or synchronous reference frame. The sampling rate can be programmed from 78 Hz to 50 kHz. In decoupling and servo controllers, 16-bit integer arithmetic is adopted to realize the control algorithm. Decoupling controller is used for the decoupling control of both permanent magnet and induction ac motors. Servo controller accomplishes speed and poition loop control. Proportional and integral with feedforward control is adopted in position loop and a second-order digital filter is used in speed loop. About 90% of 100 thousands typical gates CPLD is used to realize the proposed control IC. In this thesis, software simulation and servo experiments have been carried out to verify the control IC functions. Experimental results show that the control IC has very excellent characteristics and all of the designed functions can work correctly.

A universal speech facilitation program was developed based on the principles, methods and long-term goals of an existing program, the Speech Motor Learning Program (Van der Merwe, 1985). The development of such a program was indicated because, to date, no systematized intervention program with the aim of general speech facilitation has been attempted to overcome the tremendous challenges of the current rehabilitative scenario in South Africa (shortage of services, untrained staff in the community and multiple language barriers to name a few). The suitability of the SMLP as a starting point for the compilation of a Speech Facilitation Program is illustrated by its clinical success in treating a variety of speech disorders and secondly because it is firmly based on normal speech development and motor learning principles. Based on the SMLP, the SFP was developed and applied to two paired subjects who exhibited general speech and language delay, to determine if the speech facilitation program would facilitate and indeed enhance speech development in the Subjects. The clinical application of the SFP was conducted in an alternating treatment design study using speech facilitation and language treatment respectively. During the treatment phase of the study, probe tests, consisting of ten selected aspects of speech and language, were conducted to determine the effect of the two treatment approaches on these aspects. Three of the aspects showed improvement following treatment with the Speech Facilitation Program. Four aspects showed gradual development throughout the duration of the study, irrespective of the type of treatment and it could possibly be attributed to general development by the subjects as well as regular intervention. Three aspects showed no change during the study. The obtained results seemed to indicate that the SFP influenced speech development positively and that it could be developed into a valuable clinical tool for the treatment of certain speech disorders.
Dissertation (MA (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
unrestricted

碩士
南開科技大學
電機與資訊工程研究所
97
The analysis on Universal Motors using the Finite Element Software is adopted in this paper. The quality of motors pivots on the magnetic flux path, so six methods on increasing motor efficiency are addressed in connection with motor magnetic flux saturation and leakage. The simulation of Flux 2D Finite Element Software is also shown to test the feasibility of the proposals regarding improvement. Through magnetic flux path from software simulation, the outcomes can be seen. Thus, the needs for design and analysis are likely to be met by observing the decline of motor magnetic flux saturation and leakage as well as other physics parameters, such as voltage, electric current and torque etc.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
99
Most brushless DC motor sensorless drive on the market are designed for specific motors. It means that the same drive cannot drive the motors with the same rated power but different electrical machine or mechanical parameters. The techniques of open-loop starting, and transfer from open-loop to closed-loop commutation are key issues for the design of universal sensorless drives. The study first presents a method to improve open loop starting. Under the conditions of external load variation and unknown commutation sequence, the universal sensorless drive can adjust armature voltage and commutation frequency automatically. In order to upgrade the reliability of motor starting, it is important to make sure that the torque angle is orthogonal. The study then proposes two other methods to improve the reliability and to reduce the power of motor starting, but do not consider torque angle nor phase angle nor to implement extra circuits. The maximum speed and system transfer efficiency by using the above-mentioned position estimation algorithms are obtained. We also introduce a method to limit the speed and regenerate the charging of each kind of fans, for the safety of equipment driven by external load.The theoretical analysis and experimental results have revealed that the proposed sensorless drive owns high reliability and good versatility, and particularly suits for fluid machines.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
機械與機電工程學系碩士班
97
Universal variable-voltage-variable-frequency (VVVF) inverters have been widely used with induction motors over the past 20 years. The squirrel-cage induction motor is rugged, low cost and easy to get, however the general purpose induction motor drive has many drawbacks, such as poor efficiency, sluggish dynamics, low starting torque, etc. This study presents the design, analysis and implementation of a universal drive for various permanent magnet synchronous motors, namely it can provide the sinusoidal and rectangular shaped current with low cost position sensor to achieve high efficiency. In order to avoid mismatching between the position sensors and phase sequence of the motor, this study proposed an intelligent starting process, the correct commutation logic can be built even when the phase sequence of the motor and the position sensor is not given. The motor efficiency will be decreased if the armature current is lagged the back electromagnetic-force, previous studies use complex compensators to solve this issue. Without the complex algorithm and expensive current sensors, this study proposed a low cost algorithm based on the single current sensor technique to compensate the annoying lagging angle of the armature currents. Theoretical analysis, computer simulation, and various experimental results are demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

碩士
大同大學
工業設計學系(所)
98
In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.

碩士
國立交通大學
控制工程系
84
With recent advancements in power electronics and microelectronics, high- performance ac drives using induction or synchronous motor have been developed. So an universal control algorithm of ac servo drives is proposed based on the same digital control board and voltage source inverter to unify the architecture of permanent magnet and induction ac servo motors. The indirect rotor flux oriented control and linear current control in the stationary reference frame are used, and the back-emf compensation is proposed to improve the current control loop performance. The analysis and design methods of ac servo drives system with current and voltage limitations are also completely described. In order to verify the proposed control algorithm, a dual DSP-based digital control board and intelligent power module (IPM) based voltage source inverter are implemented to construct the universal ac servo drives system.The current control loop is executed by TMS320C14, and the vector control loop and servo control loop are executed by TMS320C52. Experiment results of the dual DSP-based universal ac servo drives shows the effectiveness of the design.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo e Motor, Escola Superior de Educação e Comunicação, Universidade do Algarve, 2015
A escola inclusiva defende que todos os alunos devem possuir os mesmos direitos e as mesmas igualdades de oportunidades, independentemente das suas dificuldades e características. Os paradigmas sociais e educativos mostram que a escola deve garantir o sucesso educativo de todos os seus alunos e a sua autonomia em termos de mobilidade. Neste contexto os fatores ambientais assumem uma importância relevante no modelo biológico-químico-social da deficiência. Há por isso que garantir que as escolas inclusivas sejam arquitetonicamente adaptadas às diversas necessidades dos alunos, nos quais se focaliza a atenção, na presente dissertação, nos que detêm deficiência motora e que utilizam cadeira de rodas para se deslocarem. Este requisito da acessibilidade ao meio edificado é assumido internacionalmente por instituições que trabalham em prol de uma escola inclusiva. A construção de escolas e sociedades inclusivas requer que na conceção e reabilitação dos espaços urbanos e edificados se atenda aos princípios do Desenho Universal e à legislação em vigor. As normas apresentadas no Regime Jurídico Nacional da Acessibilidade devem ser implementadas na prática, para que a inclusão destes alunos aconteça e para que o seu processo de ensino/aprendizagem seja alcançado. Apresenta-se nesta dissertação um caso de estudo, considerando a Escola Secundária Pinheiro e Rosa, localizada na cidade de Faro. Desenvolveu-se uma proposta metodológica de análise e diagnóstico da acessibilidade física escolar, através da construção de parâmetros de desempenho, com base na legislação atualmente em vigor, o Decreto-lei nº 63/2006 de 8 de agosto. O diagnóstico efetuado permitiu averiguar que a escola tem vindo a potenciar a acessibilidade aos seus edifícios escolares e à sua envolvente, apesar de carecer de algumas melhorias arquitetónicas para a tornar plenamente acessível.