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Journal articles on the topic 'Universal motor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Imran, Omar A., Wisam Najm al-din Abed, and Ali N. Jbarah. "Speed control of universal motor." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i1.pp41-47.

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Universal Motors (UM) are normally used for driving portable apparatus such as hand tool machines, vacuum cleaners and most domestic apparatus. The importance of UM is due to its own advantages such as high starting torque, very powerful in relation to its small size, having a variable speed; and lower cost. So, this paper focus on UM speed control under variable loading conditions. A mathematical model for UM is designed. Two controllers are proposed for controlling the motor speed, output rate controller and output reset controller. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is proposed for tuning the controller’s parameters due to its impact on solving different optimization problems. It possesses fast convergence, minimum algorithm parameters required, lower consecution time and give optimal results without needing large number of iterations. The results are compared and discussed accurately, which show the proposed tuning technique work well and give optimal results for both controllers.

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2

Ozturk, C., B. Gok, H. Acikgoz, and A. Balikcioglu. "Noise emission of universal motor drives." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 4, no. 4 (1998): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2943.692534.

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3

Guillemin, Pierre. "Universal motor control with fuzzy logic." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 63, no. 3 (May 1994): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(94)90220-8.

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4

Ludowicz, Wojciech, Dawid Danielczyk, and Rafał M. Wojciechowski. "Project of a universal inverter used to control and supply both AC and DC electric motors." ITM Web of Conferences 28 (2019): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192801018.

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The paper presents the new approach for motor driver constructions and control systems. Authors of the work proposed the device that can control both AC and DC electric motors without any additional hardware modification. In order to meet this goal the universal motor driver has been constructed and some improvements in output waveform modulation system have been introduced. In the paper the three different method of a motor control have been discussed briefly and a hardware setup has been presented. Tests have been carried out for three types of electric motors, i.e. a magnetoelectric DC motor, single-phase and three-phase induction motor. The obtained results in form of output waveforms of current and voltage have been analyzed in terms of harmonic distortion using a popular Fast Fourier Transform FFT and discussed in the paper.

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5

Margaria, David, and Afsoon Bahadoran. "Universal Motor Controller Designing for Washing Machines." International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications 7, no. 6 (June 15, 2018): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0706.1002.

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6

Papa, G., B. Korousic-Seljak, B. Benedicic, and T. Kmecl. "Universal motor efficiency improvement using evolutionary optimization." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 50, no. 3 (June 2003): 602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2003.812455.

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7

Shrihari Mahishi, Arvind Daund, and Ameya Mane. "A Nonlinear Model Reference Adaptive Control for a Universal Motor using Backstepping Approach." SIJ Transactions on Advances in Space Research & Earth Exploration 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijasree/v2i1/0202530401.

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8

Dybkowski, Mateusz. "Universal Speed and Flux Estimator for Induction Motor." Power Electronics and Drives 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2018-0007.

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Abstract In the paper, the concept of universal speed and flux estimator with additional parameters estimators is presented. Proposed solution is based on the Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) type flux and speed estimator and can be used in different industrial systems (especially in the automotive applications). Induction Motor (IM) parameters are estimated using the systems based only on simple simulators and adaptive systems (voltage model and current model). Proposed system was tested in the sensorless induction motor drive with the Direct Field Oriented Control (DFOC) algorithm. Simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper.

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9

Elkady, Dina A., Haitham Z. Azazy, Arafa S. Mansour, and Shokry S. Shokrallah. "ADAPTIVE PI SPEED CONTROLLER FOR A UNIVERSAL MOTOR." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2015.66797.

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10

Fujimaki, Tadao, Katsumi Ohniwa, and Akio Suzuki. "Constant Speed-Control of a Series Universal Motor." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 116, no. 3 (1996): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.116.361.

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11

Huang, Chao Hua, and Mu Li. "The Development of a New Drum Washing Machine with Universal Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.7.

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The brush with universal motor in the existing drum washing machines features easy-to-wear, poor reliability and low efficiency. In this paper, a new washing machine with universal motor is introduced. In this product, the technical performance indexes of the universal motor is improved, production cost is reduced, and also the service life is longer, because the lamination accuracy and optimization coiling method improving rotor's lamination and the process control of low noise, low vibration, and abnormal-sound-free of the motor in high rotation speed are applied. Experiment indicates that this product features low noise and high overload ability, and its technical reliability, efficiency and noise are satisfactory.

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12

Hamar, Dušan. "Universal linear motor driven Leg Press Dynamometer and concept of Serial Stretch Loading." European Journal of Translational Myology 25, no. 4 (August 25, 2015): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2015.5281.

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Paper deals with backgrounds and principles of universal linear motor driven leg press dynamometer and concept of serial stretch loading. The device is based on two computer controlled linear motors mounted to the horizontal rails. As the motors can keep either constant resistance force in selected position or velocity in both directions, the system allows simulation of any mode of muscle contraction. In addition, it also can generate defined serial stretch stimuli in a form of repeated force peaks. This is achieved by short segments of reversed velocity (in concentric phase) or acceleration (in eccentric phase). Such stimuli, generated at the rate of 10 Hz, have proven to be a more efficient means for the improvement of rate of the force development. This capability not only affects performance in many sports, but also plays a substantial role in prevention of falls and their consequences. Universal linear motor driven and computer controlled dynamometer with its unique feature to generate serial stretch stimuli seems to be an efficient and useful tool for enhancing strength training effects on neuromuscular function not only in athletes, but as well as in senior population and rehabilitation patients.

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13

Kirchner, J., G. Woehlke, and M. Schliwa. "Universal and Unique Features of Kinesin Motors: Insights from a Comparison of Fungal and Animal Conventional Kinesins." Biological Chemistry 380, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1999): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.1999.113.

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Abstract Kinesins are microtubule motors that use the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to move unidirectionally along microtubules. The founding member of this still growing superfamily is conventional kinesin, a dimeric motor that moves processively towards the plus end of microtubules. Within the family of conventional kinesins, two groups can be distinguished to date, one derived from animal species, and one originating from filamentous fungi. So far no conventional kinesin has been reported from plant cells. Fungal and animal conventional kinesins differ in several respects, both in terms of their primary sequence and their physiological properties. Thus all fungal conventional kinesins move at velocities that are 4–5 times higher than those of animal conventional kinesins, and all of them appear to lack associated light chains. Both groups of motors are characterized by a number of group-specific sequence features which are considered here with respect to their functional importance. Animal and fungal conventional kinesins also share a number of sequence characteristics which point to common principles of motor function. The overall domain organization is remarkably similar. A C-terminal sequence motif common to all kinesins, which constitutes the only region of high homology outside the motor domain, suggests common principles of cargo association in both groups of motors. Consideration of the differences of, and similarities between, fungal and animal kinesins offers novel possibilities for experimentation (e. g., by constructing chimeras) that can be expected to contribute to our understanding of motor function.

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14

Raquel Cardoso de Castro, Murilo Cardoso de Castro, and João Cardoso de Castro Castro. "O engenho motor da informatização." RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 6, no. 2 (March 13, 2009): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v6i2.1988.

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O desenvolvimento desse trabalho se fundamentou integralmente nas idéias de Pierre Lévy. Começamos por uma reflexão sobre a “máquina universal”, fundamento da informática e da informatização, se passará em revista sua instituição, buscando em Ludwig Wittgenstein suas raízes filosóficas, até mesmo metafísicas. Por último, uma breve análise do paradigma da informática deve formalizar as principais conclusões desta exposição. AbstractThe development of this work is entirely based on the ideas of Pierre Lévy. We begin with a reflection on the "Universal machine", the foundation of informatics and computerization, it will also review its establishment, seeking their philosophical roots in Ludwig Wittgenstein, even the metaphysical aspect. Finally, a brief analysis of the informatics paradigm should formalize the main conclusions of this explanation.

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15

Lakhe, Rishil Kirankumar, Hicham Chaoui, Mohamad Alzayed, and Shichao Liu. "Universal Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Uncertain Dynamics." Actuators 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10030049.

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This paper focuses on the universal control design of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with uncertain system dynamics. In vector control, classical proportional-integral (PI) controllers are used to control d-q axis currents and speed of the PMSM. This paper uses two control methods: conventional field-oriented vector control and simplified control. First, all the control gains are determined for numerous PMSMs with various power ratings using an empirical study and generalized mathematical expressions are derived for each of the gains. Then, these expressions are used for automatic gain calculation for various PMSMs with a wide power-rating range. In vector control, the control gains are determined using only the motor power ratings. In the simplified control, generalized control gain expressions are obtained using the number of pole pairs and the flux linkage. Compared to the vector control, the simplified control method provides much simpler generalized mathematical expressions. Validation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment using various PMSMs from 0.2 HP to 10 HP, and results show accurate tracking of reference speed and d-q axis reference currents. Thus, the proposed gain scheduling approach is effective and can be used for self-commissioning motor drives.

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16

Hanazawa, Tamio, and Torao Egashira. "Armature Terminal Voltage and Commutation Spark of Universal Motor." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 118, no. 6 (1998): 808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.118.808.

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17

Li, Hongmin. "Thermal Fluid Process in a Small Universal Electric Motor." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 24, no. 2 (April 2010): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.43641.

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18

Safak, K. K., and O. S. Turkay. "Experimental identification of universal motor dynamics using neural networks." Mechatronics 10, no. 8 (December 2000): 881–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4158(99)00095-1.

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19

Mirafzal, Behrooz, Gary L. Skibinski, and Rangarajan M. Tallam. "Determination of Parameters in the Universal Induction Motor Model." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 45, no. 1 (2009): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2008.2009481.

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20

DiGerlando, A., and R. Perini. "Model of the Commutation Phenomena in a Universal Motor." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 21, no. 1 (March 2006): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2004.841514.

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21

Williams, Jacqueline, Ian Fuelscher, and Christian Hyde. "Motor imagery in congenital hemiplegia: Impairments are not universal." Research in Developmental Disabilities 114 (July 2021): 103991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103991.

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22

Rackov, Milan, Siniša Kuzmanović, Ivan Knežević, Maja Čavić, and Marko Penčić. "Analysis of Conceptual Solutions of Universal Helical Geared Reducers." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2020.2.8.

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Geared reducers are mechanisms designed to reduce the number of revolutions using geared elements and nowadays they present one of the most commonly used types of mechanical transmissions in mechanical engineering. Due to the different shapes of geared elements, there are different types of geared transmissions: helical, bevel, worm, special and combined transmissions. This paper analyses only helical geared transmissions, since there is a great extent of whole this matter. Helical transmissions are analysed only with external helical gearing, since internal geared pairs represent a special and very large group of gears. Within the external helical geared transmissions, only torque transmissions are analysed, while the transmissions of motion are not analysed and they represent another large group of transmissions. Only universal gear reducers with axial, or almost-axial, parallel shafts are considered (two-stage and three-stage transmissions). Although, single-stage gear reducer produced with parallel shafts are not considered by the paper in order to reduce the area of researching. Gear reducers are most commonly delivered to customer with electric motor, known as motor geared reducer, and they are studied here extensively. Gear reducer can be also delivered without motor, only with input shaft. The basic aim of this paper is to present all characteristics and specificities of motor geared reducer in one place.

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23

Kim, Byung-Taek. "Design of New Type Universal Motor Using Soft Magnetic Composites." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2006.1.2.211.

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24

Shrivastava, Shashank. "Fuzzy Logic Based Controller Design for Universal Motor Performance Enhancement." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 6180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/293942020.

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25

Llinas, R. R., E. Leznik, and V. I. Makarenko. "The Olivo-Cerebellar Circuit as a Universal Motor Control System." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 29, no. 3 (July 2004): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2004.833212.

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26

Cros, J., P. Viarouge, Y. Chalifour, and J. Figueroa. "A New Structure of Universal Motor Using Soft Magnetic Composites." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 40, no. 2 (March 2004): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2004.824491.

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27

Kundu, Susmita, Debashis Chatterjee, and Krishnendu Chakrabaty. "Control of chaotic advection for mixing system using universal motor." IET Electric Power Applications 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2019.0831.

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28

Usman, Hafiz M., Shayok Mukhopadhyay, and Habibur Rehman. "Permanent magnet DC motor parameters estimation via universal adaptive stabilization." Control Engineering Practice 90 (September 2019): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.06.006.

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29

Nayak, Deekshitha S., and R. Shivarudraswamy. "Solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck-boost converter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1667.

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In existing mixer grinders, the universal motor is used due to its high starting torque than the induction motor. To achieve higher speed for smaller devices, the implementation of the universal motor becomes cheaper. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its lifetime, making it ideal for a mixer grinder. The solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck boost (BB) converter is utilised to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its highest power. The proposed hysteresis current (HC) control BLDC system is developed in the MATLAB. A comparison performance is demonstrated between the commercially available mixer grinder and the simulated proposed system.

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30

NI, CHEN, and JUN-ZHONG WANG. "STM STUDIES ON MOLECULAR ROTORS AND MOTORS." Surface Review and Letters 25, Supp01 (December 2018): 1841004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x18410044.

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Molecular motor is a nanoscale machine that consumes energy to produce work via the unidirectional and controlled movement. They are universal in nature and essential to numerous processes of life. When mounted onto solid surfaces, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful technique to characterize the molecular rotors and motors due to the atomic-scale resolution coupled with its ability to track the motion of molecular rotor and motor over time. Moreover, the molecular rotors and motors can be powered by STM tip through injecting tunneling electrons. This review addresses recent advances in the STM studies of the structure, motion, and manipulation of molecular rotors and motors. The developments of surface-mounted azimuthal and altitudinal rotor and motors, large-scale array of molecular rotors, as well as the molecular motors with translational motion will be addressed.

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31

Ciurys, Marek, and Ignacy Dudzikowski. "Transients of electrical and mechanical quantities of a brushless DC motor - computations, measurements." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0003-x.

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Transients of electrical and mechanical quantities of a brushless DC motor - computations, measurements The paper presents a method of computing electrical and mechanical variables of BLDC motors. It takes into account electrical, magnetic and mechanical phenomena in the power supply-converter-BLDC motor-load machine system. The solution to the problem is the so-called circuit-field method. The results determined with the use of time stepping finite element method were used as the parameters of equations of the developed mathematical model. Losses in the motor, losses in transistors and diodes of the converter as well as the actual back EMF waveforms, variable moment of inertia and variable load torque are accounted for. The designed laboratory stand and the test results are presented in the paper. The experimental verification shows the correctness of the developed method, algorithm and program. The developed computational method is universal with respect to different electromechanical systems with cylindrical BLDC motors. It can be applied to electromechanical systems with BLDC motors operating at constant but also variable load torque and moment of inertia.

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32

YANISHEVSKYY, V. "UNIVERSAL HYDRAULIC DRIVE FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-127-129.

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The introduction and functional expansion of hydraulic drives expands the use of hydraulic systems as a power take-off, providing the possibility of independent drive of different consumers in a wide range of loads. The flagships of foreign agricultural, road, industrial engineering equip their products with hydraulic systems, the power of which significantly exceeds 70 kW and this figure continues to grow. Due to the fact that the developers of mobile energy are in a rigid framework for size, fuel and other indicators, the creation of such equipment is through the introduction of universal hydraulic systems. Universalization of hydraulic systems to ensure the work of external consumers is one of the most important tasks in the development of hydraulic systems. But, despite more than age development and improvement of the hydraulic drive, scientific researches for the purpose of creation of universal and more economic models are actively conducted in different countries of the world. The big disadvantage of these designs is the inability to change the speed of the shaft of the hydraulic motor drive equipment, because this parameter depends on the wear of components and parts of the hydraulic drive, oil temperature. An important indicator of modern hydraulic drives is the introduction of adjustable pumps, which significantly expand the potential of the hydraulic drive by improving the technical and economic performance. In this case, the drive of all equipment is provided by one pump. Such “centralized” systems operate from a single energy source and air conditioners. As a result the possibility of return rotation of the hydraulic motor, its braking, smooth change of frequency of rotation of a drive of the equipment of agricultural machines is provided. But, despite more than age development and improvement of the hydraulic drive, researches for the purpose of creation of universal and more economic models are actively conducted in different countries of the world.

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33

Zeghoudi, Abdelfettah, and Ali Chermitti. "A Comparison between a Fuzzy and PID Controller for Universal Motor." International Journal of Computer Applications 104, no. 6 (October 18, 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/18207-9347.

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34

OHTSU, Shinki, Kouki SHIOHATA, and Daisuke KONDO. "338 Rotational vibration of universal motor by unbalanced electromagnetic pull force." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2006 (2006): _338–1_—_338–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2006._338-1_.

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35

Mirafzal, Behrooz, Gary L. Skibinski, Rangarajan M. Tallam, David W. Schlegel, and Richard A. Lukaszewski. "Universal Induction Motor Model With Low-to-High Frequency-Response Characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 43, no. 5 (2007): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2007.904401.

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36

Lai, Y. S. "Machine Modeling and Universal Controller for Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 12 (December 2002): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.4311898.

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37

Yen-Shin Lai. "Machine modeling and universal controller for vector-controlled induction motor drives." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 18, no. 1 (March 2003): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2002.808381.

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38

Javed, Afroz, and Debasis Chakraborty. "Universal erosive burning model performance for solid rocket motor internal ballistics." Aerospace Science and Technology 45 (September 2015): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.05.005.

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39

Zhang, Zhen, Yuqiang Hu, Wenqian Yuan, Minghao Hu, Yuhan Deng, Xianjin Xiao, and Tongbo Wu. "Endonuclease IV-Regulated DNAzyme Motor for Universal Single-nucleotide Variation Discrimination." Analytical Chemistry 93, no. 28 (July 8, 2021): 9939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02230.

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40

Bittencourt, Sérgio Deitos, Roberto Luis Ribeiro Da Cas, Moises De Mattos Dias, Lirio Schaeffer, Philippe Pauletti, Fernando Martins Fernandes, and Carlos Antônio Ferreira. "Estudo de motor universal com núcleos obtidos pelos processos da metalurgia do pó para utilização em furadeiras manuais." Tecno-Lógica 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/tecnolog.v21i1.7527.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo de ligas sinterizadas a partir de Fe puro, FeP, FeSi e FeNi obtidas a partir dos processos da Metalurgia do Pó para sua aplicação nos núcleos do rotor e estator de um motor universal, tendo como finalidade sua utilização em uma máquina furadeira manual. A pesquisa compreendeu a obtenção de curvas de histerese destas ligas, ensaios para avaliação de perdas elétricas e simulação em software de elementos finitos para obtenção de fluxo de entreferro e conjugado eletromagnético (torque). Os estudos teóricos foram realizados em um motor universal de topologia convencional e as simulações foram realizadas de forma a comparar este motor com os de núcleos fabricados a partir de chapas de aço laminadas.

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41

Lu, Zhenggang, Xiaojie Sun, and Jin Zhang. "Design and Control of Disc PMSM Directly Driven Wheel for Tramcar." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 747636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/747636.

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A new solution of disc permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) directly driven wheel is proposed as a design customized for low floor tramcar. And the motors are overhung on the bogie frame to make the weight as the sprung mass. Meanwhile, the universal coupling is installed between the driven wheel and motor shaft. A disc PMSM is designed according to the demand of traction power. The motors are not only traction and steering actuators but are also regarded as sensors to obtain the rotational speed of motor directly driven wheel. Through the obtained data, an active sensorless steering control method is applied using the relative rotational speed between wheel pair. Finally, models combined with motor control and steering control are set up to check the control strategies. The simulation results indicate that sliding mode observer has the functionality of estimating the rotating speed with high accuracy for active steering control. The tramcar exhibits self-steering and better negotiation under active steering control. The tramcar is under a better condition of running along the central line of track with small attack angle and low power consumption while passing the shape curve track.

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42

Rahmawati, Citra, S. Suhardi, and Ali Mustadi. "Is it important to overcome motor problems of elementary school-age students?" Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 8, no. 1 (2021): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2101094r.

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The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the importance of overcoming motor problems of elementary school-aged students. The method used is a literature review study. Impaired motor development can cause learning difficulties. This will have an impact on students such as low scores, low achievement, and difficulties in learning. In addition to matters related to academics, students usually feel embarrassed or make other friends feel annoyed and uncomfortable. Seeing the impact caused by motor problems can interfere with the learning process of children, it requires intervention from the school, especially by teachers who interact more intensively with children. Motor problems experienced by elementary school students certainly require intervention, as an initial screening to find out problems that may be experienced by students, it is necessary to do a universal intervention. This universal intervention is an intervention given to students whose problems at first are not known. Four aspects can benefit from optimizing the development of children's motor skills. The four aspects are the child's physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social. Other benefits are also grouped based on the optimization of fine and gross motor skills. Recommendations for future research to examine more deeply the motor problems of elementary school-aged students, so that the right method can be found to overcome them.

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43

Asemkhanuly, A., Zh Niyazova, A. Karpov, R. Ustemirova, and A. Kainarbekov. "Adaptive Frame of Universal Vehicle Course." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010194.

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Background: Motor vehicles play an important role in the economies of many countries, providing efficient means of transporting goods and people. These vehicles can also have significant impacts on safety, infrastructure and the environment. Methods: The design of the suspension affects the vehicle's performance, in terms of the drive, damage to infrastructure, the working space of the suspension, power, and stability against overturning, stability against yaw, braking, and traction. Results: The article considers the types and methods of application of adaptive suspensions of modern vehicles, justifies the feasibility of their use for various vehicles, such as modern cars, tractors, etc., which allows the usage of these vehicles for traffic in different road conditions - mountainous terrains with a slope of more than 35o, steppe off-road conditions with frontal obstacles up to half the length of the wheel radius. Conclusion: The existing control schemes and prospects for their further development can be improved and intelligent transport systems could be introduced.

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Ngwe, Zaw, and Aye AyeTun. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL MOTOR CONTROL USING IR REMOTE AND ARDUINO." International Research Journal of Computer Science 07, no. 06 (June 6, 2020): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2020.v0706.001.

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HANAZAWA, Tamio, and Torao EGASHIRA. "Photographing the Commutation Spark from Universal Motor by External Laser Trigger Method." Review of Laser Engineering 28, no. 10 (2000): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.28.701.

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Zhang, Yongchang, Yuning Bai, and Haitao Yang. "A Universal Multiple-Vector-Based Model Predictive Control of Induction Motor Drives." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 8 (August 2018): 6957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2754324.

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Chen, Shengqi, Bifeng Song, and Haifeng Wang. "Exploring design of universal propeller simulator for airship propulsion system’s driving motor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 228, no. 8 (May 6, 2014): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651814531253.

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Qi, Huang, Luo Ling, Cao Jichao, and Xi Wei. "Design and research of deep slot universal motor for electric power tools." Journal of Power Electronics 20, no. 6 (August 24, 2020): 1604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43236-020-00131-6.

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Papa, Gregor, and Barbara Koroušić-Seljak. "An artificial intelligence approach to the efficiency improvement of a universal motor." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 18, no. 1 (February 2005): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2004.09.003.

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Cardona Lorenz, Clàudia. "El disseny universal d'aprenentatge com a motor inclusiu i d'implicació a l'aula." Comunicació educativa, no. 33 (July 20, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc2020103-122.

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Aquesta investigació pretén analitzar el disseny universal d'aprenentatge (DUA) i les seves orientacions per a la creació de contextos d'aprenentatge inclusius. Primerament, s'ha realitzat la recerca teòrica per conèixer amb profunditat aquest model. A continuació, s'ha desenvolupat una part procedimental dividida en dos apartats. En el primer, hi trobem una anàlisi de materials didàctics per detectar el compliment de les orientacions inclusives del DUA. En el segon apartat, s'hi fa una proposta pròpia alternativa als materials analitzats, en la qual els es tracten els continguts seguint en detall les indicacions del model estudiat.

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