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Books on the topic 'Universal solutions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Universal compassion: Inspiring solutions for difficult times. 4th ed. London: Tharpa, 2002.

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2

Null, Roberta L. Universal design: Creative solutions for ADA compliance. Belmont, Calif: Professional Publications, 1996.

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Universal design: Solutions for a barrier-free living. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008.

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4

The global crisis of violence: Common problems, universal causes, shared solutions. Washington, DC: NASW Press, 1997.

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5

Joe, Nott, Shaw Dick, and AC & R Safety Coalition, eds. The HVAC/R professional's field guide to universal R-410A safety & training: Delta T solutions. Mount Prospect, Ill: Esco Press, 2002.

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Tomczyk, John. The HVAC/R professional's field guide to universal R-410A safety & training: Delta T solutions. Mount Prospect, Ill: Esco Press, 2002.

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7

Bella, Martin, ed. Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions. Beverly, Mass: Rockport Publishers, 2012.

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8

Inc, ebrary, ed. The Oracle universal content management handbook: Build, administer, and manage Oracle Stellent UCM solutions: practical knowledge and breakthrough shortcuts to Oracle UCM expertise. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2010.

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9

Pereyra, Gonzalo Rodríguez. Resemblance nominalism: A solution to the problem of universals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.

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10

Emanuel, Ezekiel J. Healthcare, guaranteed: A simple, secure solution for America. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.

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11

Health care, guaranteed: A simple, secure solution for America. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.

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12

The ecclesiological reality of reception considered as a solution to the debate over the ontological priority of the universal Church. Roma: Editrice Pontificia Università gregoriana, 2014.

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13

M, Goltsman Susan, and Iacofano Daniel S, eds. The inclusive city: Innovative solutions for buildings, neighborhoods, and urban spaces. Berkeley, Calif: MIG Communications, 2006.

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14

Mueller, James L. Case studies on universal design: A collection of studies which describe universal design solutions and demonstrate successful introductions of universal design in the marketplace. NC State University, School of Design, Center for Universal Design, 1997.

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15

Nott, Joe, Dick Shaw, and John Tomczyk. The HVAC/R Professional's Field Guide to Universal R-410a Safety & Training: Delta-T Solutions. Esco Pr, 2002.

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16

Pocket Universal Methods of Design: 100 Ways to Research Complex Problems, Develop Innovative Ideas and Design Effective Solutions. Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2017.

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17

Stoneham, Tom. Berkeley on Abstraction, Universals, and Universal Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608040.003.0012.

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This chapter includes three claims. The first is that while Berkeley treated the metaphysical problem of universals as unproblematically resolved in favor of nominalism (which he interpreted in an extreme form), he recognized the epistemic problem as a separate issue he needed to engage with and this is the primary positive contribution of his attack on abstraction. The second is that his solution to the epistemic problem is semiotic, but his semantics here is anthropocentric and pragmatic (in contrast to the semantics of visual language). The third is that this semantic theory, while it emphasizes the role of signs and thus has some affinities with formalism, has no special role for formal properties of signs and in fact makes formalism hard to achieve.
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18

Puranam, Phanish. The Exercise of Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0005.

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From an organization design perspective, authority has three very specific roles. First, authority can be the basis on which solutions to any of the universal problems of organizing (task division, task allocation, information and motivation) are selected and enforced. This is the authority to design. Second, authority can itself be a solution to problems of motivation and coordination. This is the authority to direct subordinates. Third, authority is used to resolve exceptions arising from imperfections in the solutions to the fundamental problems of organizing. This is authority as dispute resolution. These facets of authority are often bundled together in organizations, though it is not obvious if this must universally be so. I argue that authority can be delegated in two fundamentally different ways: in terms of a commitment to refrain from ex ante or ex post intervention.
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19

Mercati, Flavio. Solutions of Shape Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0013.

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This chapter deals with the most important results in SD, namely, the classical solutions of the theory in which the equivalence with (GR) breaks down. Firstly, I study the case of homogeneous but not isotropic cosmologies, known as ‘Bianchi IX’ universes in detail. In this case, each solution that reaches the big bang singularity can be continued uniquely through it, just by requiring continuity of the conformally- and scale-invariant degrees of freedom. The result is a couple of cosmological solutions with opposite orientation glued at the big bang. This result is more general than the homogeneous case, and can be extended to a large class of solutions if the BKL conjecture is valid. In the case of spherically symmetric solutions one has to couple gravity to some form of matter in order to have dynamically non-trivial degrees of freedom. The simplest case is a series of concentric infinitely thin shells of dust in a universe with the topology of a three-sphere. In this case too a departure from the dynamics of (GR) is seen, that manifests itself in a failure of the CMC slicing when one of the shells collapses (no spacetime corresponding to that solution of SD exists). The conformally invariant degrees of freedom, again, seem to still be regular when this happens. In the last part of the chapter I will discuss the sense in which one can talk about asymptotically flat solutions of SD, and past results in this regime.
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20

Marenbon, John. 6. Universals (Avicenna and Abelard). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199663224.003.0006.

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There is a core question about universals, which perplexed ancient and medieval thinkers, and still exercises philosophers today. Some things in the world are the same, not by being numerically identical but by being the same in some respect. Is it enough simply to suppose that there are these particular things which are the same in these respects, or is there some additional entity, besides the particular things—a universal—in respect of which they are the same? ‘Universals (Avicenna and Abelard)’ considers the problem of universals in antiquity; early medieval realism; the views of Avicenna and Abelard on universals; Duns Scotus, who transformed Avicenna’s solution; and the nominalism of William of Ockham.
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21

Williams, Donald C. The Elements of Being. Edited by A. R. J. Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810384.003.0003.

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This chapter concerns the nature of universals and of substance. The problem of universals invites us to explain how many things can be of the same kind. The nature of substance demands an account of how one thing can have many properties. It is argued that the solution to the problem of universals entails nothing more than the hypothesis that similar concrete particulars have distinct aspects or abstract parts that perfectly resemble each other. There is no need to postulate a universal that two or more concrete particulars have in common. It is further suggested that concrete particulars are composed of these aspects or abstract parts, which are called ‘tropes’ or ‘abstract particulars’. Thus universals and substances are reduced to tropes, and tropes are the fundamental constituents of reality. The notion of an abstract particular is defended against several objections and the explanatory power of trope ontology is demonstrated.
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22

Rodriguez-Pereyra, Gonzalo. Resemblance Nominalism: A Solution to the Problem of Universals. Oxford University Press, USA, 2002.

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23

Salud Universal en el Siglo XXI: 40 años de Alma-Ata”. Informe de la Comisión de Alto Nivel. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275320778.

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[Introducción]. Con motivo de los 40 años transcurridos desde la Declaración de Alma-Ata, el 11 y 12 de diciembre de 2017 la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) convocó en Quito el Foro Regional “Salud Universal en el Siglo XXI: 40 años de Alma-Ata”. Como parte de este movimiento regional la Directora de la OPS, la Dra. Carissa F. Etienne tomó la iniciativa de crear una Comisión de Alto Nivel, denominada “Salud Universal en el Siglo XXI: 40 años de Alma-Ata”, presidida por la Dra. Michelle Bachelet y el Embajador Sr. Néstor Méndez, y conformada por un grupo interdisciplinario de expertos regionales. Entre ellos había representantes de la comunidad, la academia y actores políticos, como ex ministros de salud y líderes de sindicatos y movimientos de diferentes grupos sociales. El objetivo de la Comisión fue elaborar recomendaciones para la Directora de OPS que permitieran hacer efectivo el derecho a la salud de las personas, entendido como un derecho humano fundamental, a partir del análisis de los avances y los desafíos que tienen los sistemas de salud en la Región de las Américas. El presente documento refleja el posicionamiento de la Comisión en torno a la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) y la búsqueda de soluciones para hacer efectivo el derecho a la salud, además del enfoque utilizado para orientar el debate, el análisis y las recomendaciones sobre cómo garantizar este derecho. El documento se basa en los reportes elaborados por cinco grupos temáticos: a) modelo de atención de salud, b) modelo institucional, c) modelo de financiamiento, d) salud y protección social y e) recursos humanos de salud, los cuales están disponibles como anexos a este informe. Estos grupos temáticos fueron liderados por los miembros de la Comisión, y reunieron a un gran número de expertos académicos y movimientos sociales de diferentes países de la Región. La Comisión presenta diez recomendaciones para lograr la salud para todas y todos en la Región de las Américas en el contexto del siglo XXI. [Introduction]. To mark the 40th anniversary of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) convened the Regional Forum “Universal Health in the 21st Century: 40 Years of Alma-Ata” on December 11-12, 2017, in Quito, Ecuador. As part of this regional movement, PAHO Director Dr. Carissa F. Etienne convened a High-Level Commission: Universal Health in the 21st Century: 40 Years of Alma-Ata, chaired by Dr. Michelle Bachelet and Ambassador Néstor Mendez, and made up of an interdisciplinary group of regional experts, including representatives from communities and academia, as well as political actors, such as former health ministers, trade union leaders, and representatives of different social movements. The objective of the Commission was to develop recommendations for the PAHO Director on how to give effect to the right to health as a fundamental human right, based on an analysis of the progress and challenges faced by health systems in the Region of the Americas. This document reflects the Commission’s position regarding primary health care (PHC), the search for solutions to ensure the right to health, and the approach taken in discussions, analysis, and recommendations on how to guarantee this right. It is based on reports prepared by the five thematic groups addressing: a) health care model, b) institutional model, c) financing model, d) health and social protection, and e) human resources for health (see annexes to the present report). The thematic groups were led by members of the Commission, bringing together a great number of academic experts and social movements from different countries in the Region. In this report, the Commission presents 10 recommendations for achieving health for all in the Region of the Americas in the 21st century.
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24

Culicover, Peter W. Language Change, Variation, and Universals. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865391.001.0001.

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This volume is about how human languages get to be the way they are, why they are different from one another in some ways and not others, and why they change in the ways that they do. Given that language is a universal creation of the human mind, the puzzle is why there are different languages at all, why we don’t all speak the same language. And while there is considerable variation, there are ways in which grammars show consistent patterns. The solution to these puzzles, the author proposes, is a constructional one. Grammars consist of constructions that carry out the function of expressing universal conceptual structure. While there are in principle many different ways of accomplishing this task, the constructions that languages actually use are under pressure to reduce complexity. The result is that there is constructional change in the direction of less complexity, and grammatical patterns emerge that reflect conceptual universals. The volume consists of three parts. Part I establishes the theoretical foundations: situating universals in conceptual structure, formally defining constructions, and characterizing constructional complexity. Part II explores variation in argument structure, grammatical functions, and A′ constructions, drawing on data from a variety of languages, including English and Plains Cree. Part III looks at constructional change, focusing primarily on English and German. The study ends with some observations and speculations on parameter theory, analogy, the origins of typological patterns, and Greenbergian ‘universals’.
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25

Anderson, Reagan B., Reagan B. Anderson, Reagan B. Anderson, and Reagan B. Anderson. Universal Death Care: A Solution for Healthcare in the Age of Entitlement. Reagan B Anderson, 2020.

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26

Universal Death Care: A Solution for Healthcare in the Age of Entitlement. Reagan B Anderson, 2020.

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27

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. The Kerr solution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0048.

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This chapter covers the Kerr metric, which is an exact solution of the Einstein vacuum equations. The Kerr metric provides a good approximation of the spacetime near each of the many rotating black holes in the observable universe. This chapter shows that the Einstein equations are nonlinear. However, there exists a class of metrics which linearize them. It demonstrates the Kerr–Schild metrics, before arriving at the Kerr solution in the Kerr–Schild metrics. Since the Kerr solution is stationary and axially symmetric, this chapter shows that the geodesic equation possesses two first integrals. Finally, the chapter turns to the Kerr black hole, as well as its curvature singularity, horizons, static limit, and maximal extension.
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28

Priarolo, Mariangela. Universals and Individuals in Malebranche’s Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608040.003.0007.

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In Malebranche’s work, universals are identified with God’s ideas, which are the same ideas by means of which human beings know the world. However, because Malebranche states, at least in his mature writings, that all ideas are universal, general, and infinite, the knowledge of particulars appears problematic. This chapter addresses this question by showing that a consideration of the medieval sources of Malebranche’s theory of knowledge—the vision in God—allows for not only a better understanding of the problem but also its solution. In fact, as with Aquinas’s God, whose definition of divine ideas is here recalled, Malebranche’s God gives rise to individual ideas by looking at His essence. In this sense, Malebranche seems to propose a theory of knowledge of individuals both for human beings—as Martial Gueroult has already suggested—and for God.
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29

Puranam, Phanish. New Forms of Organizing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0008.

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Using the universal problems of organizing as a basic framework helps to expose novelty in forms of organizing in a precise manner. Even if a form of organizing is justifiably novel relative to the comparison group of organizations, it may well be that existing theory provides a sound basis to understanding much of this novelty, because the novelty in a form of organizing often takes the form of new bundles of old solutions. An implication is that the bar for novelty in organizing is significantly lower than the bar for theoretical novelty. Every new form of organizing that appears on our horizon need not lead us in fruitful quest for new theories of organizing.
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30

Mott, Francis J. The Universal Design Of The Oedipus Complex: The Solution Of The Riddle Of The Theban Sphinx In Terms Of A Universal Gestalt. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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31

Mott, Francis J. The Universal Design Of The Oedipus Complex: The Solution Of The Riddle Of The Theban Sphinx In Terms Of A Universal Gestalt. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2006.

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32

Simmons, Keith. Semantic Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791546.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 presents the aim of the book: to provide a solution to the semantic paradoxes. The solution makes two main claims. The first is that our semantic expressions ‘denotes’, ‘extension’, and ‘true’ are context-sensitive. The second, inspired by a brief, tantalizing remark of Gödel’s, is that these expressions are significant everywhere except for certain singularities, in analogy with division by zero. The chapter lays out two related desiderata for a solution. A solution should recognize that the proper setting of the semantic paradoxes is natural language, not regimented formal languages. And the solution should respect Tarski’s intuition that natural languages are universal, in the sense that they have the potential to say anything that can be said in any language.
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33

Imaguire, Guido. Priority Nominalism: Grounding Ostrich Nominalism as a Solution to the Problem of Universals. Springer, 2018.

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34

Imaguire, Guido. Priority Nominalism: Grounding Ostrich Nominalism as a Solution to the Problem of Universals. Springer, 2018.

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35

Ghannouchi, Rached. Public Freedoms in the Islamic State. Translated by David L. Johnston. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300211528.001.0001.

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The author of this book has long been known as a reformist or moderate Islamist thinker. In this book he argues that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—in its broad outlines—meets with wide acceptance among Muslims if their interpretation of Islamic law is correct. Under his theory of the purposes of Shariʻa, justice and human welfare are not exclusive to Islamic governance, and the objectives of Islamic law can be advanced in multiple ways. The book examines the Western concept of freedom and the Islamic perspective on freedom and human rights, basic democratic principles, the basic principles of an Islamic political system, the concept of tyranny across three different schools of thought, and concludes with an examination of the solutions in Islamic thought that can curb state tyranny, for the benefit of freedom, justice, and the human rights of citizens.
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36

Edele, Mark. The Impact of War and the Costs of Superpower Status. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.028.

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Rather than recount the history of postwar society as a story of successive regimes identified with individual leaders, this chapter takes a thematic approach concentrating on the state’s attempts to balance the demands of international security against its ability to supply resources to the Soviet people. By the 1970s, the level of defence spending made it impossible to guarantee universal well-being and a good life through the official economy. So instead the state focused its attention on war veterans—a subgroup which by then encompassed most of the older generation—while allowing the rest of the citizenry to privatize everyday life. Soviet society’s spontaneous solutions to the war and postwar crises—suburban gardening at the dacha, barter, legal and illegal trade—thus became the base of the late socialist economy, while the new social entity born out of the war became a central status group in late socialist society.
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37

The double universal joint wrist on a manipulator: Solution of inverse position kinematics and singularity analysis. Hampton, VA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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38

Grossberg, Stephen. Conscious Mind, Resonant Brain. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070557.001.0001.

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The book is the culmination of 50 years of intensive research by the author, who is broadly acknowledged to be the most important pioneer and current research leader who models how brains give rise to minds, notably how neural circuits in multiple brain regions interact together to generate psychological functions. The book provides a unified understanding of how, where, and why our brains can consciously see, hear, feel, and know about the world, and effectively plan and act within it. It hereby embodies a revolutionary Principia of Mind that clarifies how autonomous adaptive intelligence is achieved, thereby providing mechanistic explanations of multiple mental disorders, biological bases of morality, religion, and the human condition, as well as solutions to large-scale problems in machine learning, technology, and Artificial Intelligence. Because brains embody a universal developmental code, unifying insights also emerge about all living cellular tissues and about how mental laws reflect laws of the physical world.
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39

Hickey, Sam, and Naomi Hossain, eds. The Politics of Education in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835684.001.0001.

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This book examines the politics of the learning crisis in the global South, where learning outcomes have stagnated or worsened, despite progress towards Universal Primary Education since the 1990s. Comparative analysis of education reform in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda highlights systemic failure on the frontline of education service delivery, driven by deeper crises of policymaking and implementation: few governments try to raise educational standards with any conviction, and education bureaucracies are unable to deliver even those learning reforms that get through the policy process. Introductory chapters develop a theoretical framework within which to examine the critical features of the politics of education. Case study chapters demonstrate that political settlements, or the balance of power between contending social groups, shape the extent to which elites commit to adopting and implementing reforms aimed at improving learning outcomes, and the nature this influence takes. Informal politics and power relations can generate incentives that undermine rather than support elite commitment to development, politicizing the provision of education. Tracing reform processes from their policy origins down to the frontline, it seems that successful schools emerged as localized solutions to specific solutions, often against the grain of dysfunctional sectoral arrangements and the national-level political settlement, but with local political backing. The book concludes with discussion of the need for more politically attuned approaches that focus on building coalitions for change and supporting ‘best-fit’ types of problem-solving fixes, rather than calling for systemic change.
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40

Gadhafi, Muammar Al. The Green Book: The Solution of the Problem of Democracy / The Solution of the Economic Problem / The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory. GCI, 1999.

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41

The Green Book: The Solution to the Problem of Democracy, The Solution to the Economic Problem, The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory. Ithaca Press, 2005.

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42

Wright, M. R. Presocratic Cosmologies. Edited by Patricia Curd and Daniel W. Graham. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195146875.003.0016.

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This article explores early Greeks' cosmological speculation, showing how they explored the possibility of a “theory of everything” and human understanding of the cosmos. In the exposition of competitive cosmologies, there are three questions still unresolved: the form of most of the matter in the universe is not known; the process of beginning of the universe is not known; and whether the universe is finite or infinite is also not known. Presocratic solutions to these problems, still perplexing to the contemporaries, are tackled in this article, with the addition of a note on what is called the anthropic principle, which addresses the place of human life and human observation in the whole.
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43

Lewis, Marc D. The Development of Emotion Regulation. Edited by Philip David Zelazo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199958474.013.0004.

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This chapter examines the relation between normative advances and emerging individual differences in emotion regulation (ER), using principles from developmental cognitive neuroscience to integrate these seemingly disparate processes. Like several other theorists, I view corticolimbic development as a self-organizing stream of synaptic alterations, driven by experience rather than biologically prespecified. This conceptualization helps resolve ambiguities that appear when we try, but consistently fail, to neatly parse individual differences and developmental differences. At the neural level, increasingly specific patterns of synaptic activation converge in response to (or in anticipation of) recurrent emotions, creating synaptic networks that link multiple regions. These networks regulate emotions (in real time). But they also stabilize and consolidate with repetition, thus giving rise tohabitsthat are the hallmark of individual development. These configurations are progressively sculpted through individual learning experiences, but they also become increasingly effective with use, thereby expressing both individual trajectories and normative advances as they develop. In sum, experience-driven synaptic changes create a repertoire of individual solutions to universal challenges, shared among members of a culture or society. This description casts individual differences and age-related advances as dual facets of a unitary developmental process.
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44

Mumford, Stephen. Laws and Their Exceptions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746775.003.0011.

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Laws and exceptions seem to be in conflict. A law is supposed to be universal, applying at all times and places, whereas an exception must be a contravention of such universality. The solution proposed here is that while laws are in a sense universal in scope, their content concerns what is disposed to happen only—what tends to be—rather than what is necessitated. What we take to be exceptions will typically be cases where those dispositions are, for whatever reason, unmanifested. The exceptions are not, therefore, to the laws themselves but instead point to the relatively commonplace and unproblematic notion that dispositional processes can fail to manifest. Given that the law has only a dispositional import, however, it is not violated, and thus remains a law applying to everything within its scope, even if there are exception cases.
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45

Callaghan, Helen. Germany. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815020.003.0004.

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The German case illustrates the initially self-reinforcing but ultimately self-undermining effects of market-restraining arrangements. In Germany, a legal framework conducive to bids emerged almost fifty years later than in the UK, partly because, from the nineteenth century onward, German law-makers pursued a bank-based solution to principal–agent problems. Like market-enabling rules, these market-restraining arrangements nurtured their own support base, prominently including the banks. As elsewhere, incumbents also benefited from a divided opposition, and from political arrangements that assured their dominance. In addition, they had symbiotic allies, namely, large universal banks, who benefited from these market restraints for reasons of their own. German universal banks did not grow more numerous with time, but they gradually accumulated politically relevant resources and used these repeatedly to avert or water down market-enabling reforms. Reforms eventually took place nevertheless because the opposition to market restraints also grew stronger—rather than weaker—with time.
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46

Simmons, Keith. Semantic Singularities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791546.001.0001.

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This book aims to provide a solution to the semantic paradoxes. It argues for a unified solution to the paradoxes generated by the concepts of reference or denotation, predicate extension, and truth. The solution makes two main claims. The first is that our semantic expressions ‘denotes’, ‘extension’, and ‘true’ are context-sensitive. The second, inspired by a brief, tantalizing remark of Gödel’s, is that these expressions are significant everywhere except for certain singularities, in analogy with division by zero. A formal theory of singularities is presented and applied to a wide variety of versions of the definability paradoxes, Russell’s paradox, and the Liar paradox. The book argues that the singularity theory satisfies the following desiderata: it recognizes that the proper setting of the semantic paradoxes is natural language, not regimented formal languages; it minimizes any revision to our semantic concepts; it respects as far as possible Tarski’s intuition that natural languages are universal; it responds adequately to the threat of revenge paradoxes; and it preserves classical logic and semantics. The book examines the consequences of the singularity theory for deflationary views of our semantic concepts, and concludes that if we accept the singularity theory, we must reject deflationism.
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47

Anderson, James A. Apotheosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357789.003.0019.

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In the future, perhaps all styles of computation will coalesce, each compensating for the weaknesses of the others. Humans are wary of intelligence in other species for good reason, for example, Neanderthals. “The Singularity” is when all things change due to exponentially increasing machine intelligence: machines will get more intelligent and start to design themselves, causing an explosive increase in machine intelligence until, “Ultimately, the entire universe will become saturated with our intelligence. This is the destiny of the universe.” Depending on the starting point, there may be many solutions to intelligence in the Singularity, a kind of machine polytheism, but it may be that waiting without commitment and without confining, inaccurate concepts is better. A more likely future is symbiosis, where machines and humans become indispensable to each other.
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48

Renato, Nazzini. Part III International Arbitration Agreements: Issues and Perspectives, 9 The Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement: A Transnational Solution? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the law applicable to the arbitration agreement when there is no express choice of such a law. It does not aim to set out a test, or a set of tests, of universal validity or application. Rather, its objective is to review the current state of play and sketch out a framework for the development of a possible ‘transnational’ solution to the problem. The chapter first explains why a separate enquiry into the law governing the arbitration agreement is necessary and what the implications of such a separate enquiry are. Second, it reviews three possible approaches to determining the law governing the arbitration agreement: the application of the law chosen by the parties to govern their substantive rights and obligations; the application of the law of the seat of the arbitration; and the application of ‘transnational’ rules.
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49

Kriangsak, Kittichaisaree. The Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823292.001.0001.

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Prosecution of perpetrators of serious crimes of international concern before the permanent International Criminal Court, set up in 2002, has been few and far between. Hope thus rests with the implementation of the international legal obligation for States to either extradite such perpetrators to another State able and willing to prosecute them or prosecute the perpetrators themselves or surrender them to be prosecuted by a competent international court. This book is written by the Chairman of the UN International Law Commission's Working Group on the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (aut dedere aut judicare). The Commission submitted its Final Report on that topic to the UN General Assembly in 2014, leaving unanswered numerous important issues such as the customary international law status of the said obligation, immunities of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, the exercise of universal jurisdiction, and competing rules of international law regarding the surrender of persons to a competent international court. This book is an authoritative guide to, as well as the unique drafting history of, the International Law Commission's Final Report. In addition, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the subject, including issues not settled by the Commission and proposing practical solutions to the daunting challenges facing international efforts to bring to account perpetrators of serious atrocities that shock humankind. It will be useful to States, law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, international lawyers, students of international law, and the civil society entrusted with human rights protection.
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50

Van Schaack, Beth. Imagining Justice for Syria. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055967.001.0001.

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This book situates the war in Syria within the actual and imagined system of international criminal justice. It explores the legal impediments and diplomatic challenges that have led to the fatal trinity that is Syria: the massive commission of international crimes that are subject to detailed investigations and documentation but whose perpetrators have enjoyed virtually complete impunity. The book tracks a number of accountability solutions to this tragic state of affairs that are being explored within multilateral gatherings, by states, and by civil society actors, including innovations of institutional design; the reactivation of a range of domestic jurisdictional principles (including universal jurisdiction in Europe); the emergence of creative investigative and documentation techniques, technologies, and organizations; and the rejection of state consent as a precondition for the exercise of jurisdiction. Engaging both law and policy around international justice, the text offers a set of justice blueprints, within and without the International Criminal Court. It also considers the utility, propriety, and practicality of establishing an ad hoc tribunal and pursuing a transitional justice program without a genuine political transition. All told, the book attempts to capture the creative energy radiating from members of the international community intent on advancing the accountability norm in Syria even in the face of geopolitical blockages within the U.N. Security Council. In so doing, it presents the range of juridical measures—both criminal and civil—that are available to the international community to respond to the crisis, if only the political will existed.
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