Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Université de Bamako'

L’enseignement supérieur malien et notamment l’Université de Bamako est confrontée à d’énormes difficultés depuis plusieurs années. Qu’est ce qui explique ces difficultés et comment faire pour rendre plus efficace cet enseignement supérieur afin de rehausser les niveaux et le rendre compétitif sur le plan sous régional et international ? Cette question nous a conduit à nous intéresser à l’étude de son efficacité interne. Le présent travail est une contribution à la recherche de facteurs de ces difficultés et d’alternatives pour y remédier. Il tente de dégager des pistes de réflexion sur l’amélioration des conditions de travail de l’Université de Bamako.La Faculté des Lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences humaines de l’Université de Bamako a été retenue comme terrain de la recherche. Après la recherche documentaire pour l’élaboration d’une revue de littérature, la préférence a été donnée en premier lieu à une analyse des résultats d’examens de deux promotions de la filière Sciences de l’éducation de 2001 à 2009. Dans l’analyse il a été question d’indicateurs tels que l’évolution des effectifs, les taux de réussite, d’abandon, d’exclusion, le genre et les caractéristiques extra universitaires des étudiants. Cette analyse qui a conclu à une faible efficacité interne de l’Université de Bamako a été suivie par d’autres investigations par entretiens, observations et questionnaires auprès d’un échantillon d’étudiants, d’enseignants et d’administrateurs de l’Université. Après une analyse des données recueillies lors de ces investigations, nous avons terminé par une discussion de l’ensemble des résultats
The Malian higher education and notably the University of Bamako is confronted to enormous difficulties since several years. What explains these difficulties and how to make more efficient this higher education in order to heighten the levels and to make he competitive on the plan under regional and international? This question drove us to interest us to the survey of her internal efficiency. The present work is a contribution in search of factors of these difficulties and alternatives to remedy there. He tempts to clear tracks of reflection on the improvement of the conditions of work of the University of Bamako. The Faculty of the Letters, Languages, Arts and human sciences of the University of Bamako has been kept like land of research. After the documentary research for the development of a literature magazine, the preference has been given to an analysis of the exams results of two promotions of the path Sciences of the education of 2001 in the first place to 2009. In the analysis it was question of indicators as the evolution of the strengths, rate of success, abandonment, exclusion, kind, extra feature academic of the students. This analysis that concluded to a weak internal efficiency of the University of Bamako has been followed by other investigations by interviews, observations and questionnaires by a sample of students, teachers and administrators of the university. After an analysis of the data collected at the time of these investigations, we finished by a discussion of the set of the results

L’étude des usages et pratiques informationnels des usagers en démarche de recherche d’information est un axe majeur de la recherche en sciences de l’information et de la communication, à en juger par les travaux consacrés à cette problématique et disponibles sur Internet. Si les pays du Nord ont une tradition bien ancrée en la matière, au Sud, par contre, et plus précisément dans les pays francophones d’Afrique au sud du Sahara, peu d’études ont été consacrées à cette thématique. Au Mali, les références de travaux de thèses sur ce sujet sont quasi-inexistantes.La présente étude se place dans ce contexte thématique et géographique, et vise comme public cible les doctorants de l’Université de Bamako. Il s’agira d’abord de définir une typologie de cette communauté d’utilisateurs de l’information (spécialisation, écoles doctorales et laboratoires d’attache, thématique de recherche, etc.), puis d’évaluer ses besoins et pratiques informationnels et enfin d’identifier l’existence de difficultés éventuelles d’accès à l’information et de proposer des pistes de solutions. Pour la collecte de données une enquête réalisée auprès de doctorants et l’observation de leurs comportements en situation de recherche d’information seront privilégiées. Les résultats de l’étude permettront une meilleure connaissance des besoins et pratiques informationnels de la communauté des doctorants de l’université de Bamako et pourraient être utilisés par les unités d’information en vue d’améliorer l’offre de services d’information à leur intention
The study uses and informational practices of users in information retrieval process is a major focus of research in Information and Communication Sciences, judging by the work on this issue and on the Internet. If the North has a strong tradition in this area, to the south by cons, specifically in Francophone countries of Africa in south of the Sahara, few studies have been devoted to this theme.In Mali, the thesis work of reference on this subject is almost non-existent.This study falls within this thematic and geographical context and aims as public target doctoral students from the University of Bamako. This will be first to define a typology of this information users community (specialization, doctoral schools and laboratories attachment, thematic research, etc.) and then evaluate its information needs and practices finally, to identify the existence of possible access to information problems and propose possible solutions. For data collection a survey of doctoral students and observing their behavior information search situation will be favored. The results of the study will enable a better understanding of community needs and the informational practices of doctoral students from the University of Bamako and could be used by the units of information to improve the supply of information services them

Bamboo is an abundant resource in Ethiopia and has a great potential for commercialization, which can drive rural development. In view of these realities, this study analyzed the state and determinants of small-scale bamboo commercialization in Ethiopia. Data were collected from three major bamboo-growing districts (Awi, Sidama, and Sheka) and four urban centers (Masha, Hawassa, Bahir Dar, and Addis Ababa) via semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and questionnaire surveys with key actors along the value chain. Results revealed distinctive differences in proportion of cash income, value chain structure, and management engagement among the districts. Percentages of cash income were 60.15, 42.60, and 9.48 at Awi, Sidam, and Sheka, respectively. Differences were statistically significant between Sheka and both other districts (p = 0.05), but not between Awi and Sidama. The value chain structure showed that compared with Sheka, Awi and Sidama have a relatively large number of actors involved. The major factors explaining commercialization differences among regions were distance to market and presence of alternative forest products. Within Sheka, households with larger family size, higher education attainment, and access to training reportedly engaged more in commercial extraction. Therefore, we conclude that development of infrastructure for linking resource and consumer centers and expansion of extension education among producers may enhance the commercial engagement of producers and improve the accessibility of bamboo resources for commercial production.

This thesis proposed a framework for conceptualizing critical thinking in language learning. A learning environment where collaborative learning and network technology were combined − computer-mediated collaborative learning (CMCL) − was set up. The main aim was to study the potential of the learning environment in promoting critical thinking (CT) in language learning. The proposed framework of CT in language learning had three aspects: (1) communication, (2) reasoning, and (3) self-reflection. The study was a qualitative one that took place between June 2003 and January 2004. Three case studies were undertaken that involved up to 90 participants, comprising students, teachers, volunteers, and the researcher. All were members of an online learning community, the Bamboo Enterprise. Students worked in groups that investigated environmental problems. The student projects were grouped into three case studies: (1) Using Collaborative Environmental Projects to Promote Communicative Language Learning and Computer Skills, (2) Using Environmental Themes in Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning to Prepare ESL Students for Academic Study in the Australian University Environment, (3) Promoting Communicative Language Learning Through Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning. Findings were based on analyses of five sources of data: (1) interviews with the student participants; (2) teachers’ comments and opinions; (3) questionnaires; (4) students’ overall group work; and (5) online discussions. The investigation found that, overall, the CMCL environment with its particular framework had the potential to promote CT in language learning. However, it had both strengths and weaknesses. The strengths were that it promoted the communicative use of English, encouraged critical thinking in action, and extended the students’ potential to learn a second language. It also encouraged the appropriate use of technology. More importantly, this CMCL environment showed itself to be a viable method of learning and one in which both students and teachers can be empowered. However, along with these advantages, some avenues for improvement were evident. The study found that the students’ grammatical accuracy was low, despite their rich vocabulary and ability to use complex language structures. Some students found working in groups challenging and some never acquired the necessary web skills. Access to the Internet was not always adequate for this type of project. In sum, the students needed more support, especially at the task level, when using this method of language learning.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
國文學系
105
This paper focuses on the comparative study of Lao-tzu in different excavated documents available, including the bamboo slips of Chu dynasty in Guodian, the silk books of Han dynasty in Mawangdui, and the bamboo slips of Han dynasty collected by Peking University. It tries to find out the linguistic style and thought features of Lao-tzu, reveal some characteristics of its text editing, and then search for the early writing status of its version system. I hope that this study will make a real contribution to the data integration and the philosophical doctrine investigation of Lao-tzu's excavated documents . The linguistic form of Lao-tzu in Han Bamboo Slips is more uniform than the others, and it is more concordant with the specific context, which reveals the fine and strict attitude of editors, better than the other version of Lao-tzu. The use of conjunction words and the function words of auxiliary words has obvious regularity in the writing of Han Bamboo Slips. In particular, the grammatical arrangements within the sentence often show a rigorous narrative structure and coordination of the rhythm, compared to the content of other Lao-tzu versions, and even reached the effect of highlighting or shifting the semantic focus. On the whole, the writing style of the Han Bamboo Slips reflected the influence of time background on the language expression. The differences between the Lao-tzu in Han Bamboo Slips and the other versions are reflected in the detailed content of the narration, the relationship between the writing and the specific value of the evaluation, etc. The basic explanation of Han Bamboo is both concise and rich. The combination of sentence and sequence forms the logic of development cycle, and the specific chapter division also has its rationality in the internal context. Compared with the other excavated books of Lao-tzu, the more pronounced difference of the Han Bamboo Slips is the combing of the concept of relevance and the establishment of the rational approach system. There are also corresponding fragments of Lao-tzu in Han Bamboo Slips with the Guodian and the Mawangdui versions. The similarities between the Han Bamboo Slips and each of Lao-tzu excavated texts, including the linguistic structure, elucidation tendency, conceptual analysis and even the ideological theme, especially the discussion about nomenclature of the ‘naming-name’ issue, all inferred the unique contents of the Han Bamboo may came from an unknown version in the past. It seems that the origin of the version can be presumed to be related to the shape of the Guodian Stage, in a similar ideological and cultural context.

博士
玄奘大學
中國語文學系碩博士班
106
In recent years, a large number of unearthed the Warring States bamboo material, which is mostly with the Characteristics of Chu culture, provides valuable research materials for the Exegetical study of the Warring States period. The main material of this doctoral thesis research is TsinghHua Bamboo slips（one. It contain nine bamboo slips,which are (1)〈Yǐn zhì〉, (2)〈Yǐn gào〉, (3)〈Chéng wù〉, (4)〈Bǎo xùn〉, (5)〈Qí yè〉, (6)〈Jīn téng〉, (7)〈Huáng mén〉, (8)〈Jì gōng〉and (9)〈Chǔ jū〉. This study ,which is supplemented by the scholars of the monograph and the network article and rich research data, is looking forward to conducting a more extensive and in-depth study. This paper is divided into three chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, it contains three sections ,which are the research purposes, the area of research and methods, and the review of the discussion . The second chapter gives examples of the differentiation and analysis of the sound and meaning of the Texts of the Chu State in the Warring States Period. It is divided into seven sections. It discusses the exegetical aspects such as(1) glyphs, (2)phonetic , Using different times of the text to prove each other, (3) meaning of the example words, (4)Examples of sentences and article paragraph coherent meanings, (5) Comparison of heterogeneous documents, (6)Etiquette and artifacts and history, and (7) punctuation and Overlapping words. The third chapter is the conclusion, divided into two sections, which are research results and future prospects.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
103
Abstract Bamboo forests accounted for 4.4% and 7% of the forests in Asia and Taiwan, respectively. Rainfall interception is an important process in the water cycle; however, little is known about rainfall interception in the bamboo forests compared with the other forest types. The aims of this study are to utilize the moso bamboo forest to: 1) quantify the spatial variability of the throughfall (Tf) and stemflow (Sf), 2) estimate the interception (Ic) of the forest after the Tf and Sf have been quantified, and 3) characterize Ic in the Taiwan bamboo forest by comparing it to other forests in the literature. This study estimated Ic in the bamboo forest in Xitou Nature Education Area in the National Taiwan University Experimental Forest by measuring precipitation (P), Tf and two methods of Sf from June 8, 2012 to August 1, 2013 on the events basis with the interval of two to three weeks and compared the estimations with those of other forests. Method 1 estimated the stand scale of Sf by measuring the crown project area (CPA) in the 10 samples and measuring the Sf in the 10 samples. The second method estimated the stand scale of Sf by using a linear relationship between DBH of the 10 samples and measuring the Sf in the the 10 samples. In addition, spatial variations were evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). CV in Tf was 20.3%. The CV decreased with increases in precipitation. While, CV in Sf was 37% which little decreased with increase in P. Total precipitation (P) during the period from July 26, 2012 to August 1, 2013 was 3826.2 mm, the total Tf was estimated as 81% of the total P. Sf in methods 1 and 2 were estimated as 4.5% and 9.1% of the total P, respectively, whereas the Ic was estimated as 14.5% and 9.9% of the total P, respectively. Compared with the other forests in the Mainland of China, Japan, and Taiwan, the bamboo forests showed a relatively higher Tf and Sf value, and a relatively smaller Ic value than other forest types.

碩士
臺南藝術學院
音像藝術管理研究所
93
This is a qualitative research done by a scholar of practice adult education. The main purpose is to have several dialogs with the receiving media cultures from current Taiwan’s media audiences. The researcher plays several disputed films in the community classroom; whenever playing activities ended; they have to do several systematic discussion activities with publics. This study held the teaching views of critical paradigm from field which is pointed at the media literacy education of “beyond the protection theory” to replace the practical audio-visual education, even to use the dialog teaching of Paulo Freire as the main structure for the programme and apply with the J. Habermas’s ideal speech situation as a target to be the brand new culture for the curriculums. The intention is to recover the main position of media audiences (that is we called “members”) and analyze and criticize the abilities of media. From the results of study, it was found that it able to be observed the stamps from public media and society culture through the topics of general public. By a systematic discussion, some audiences realized what kind of ideology represented by media and how they represented. They even realized the operation of deeper power relationship. With the dialogs, it breaks the traditional teaching ways to let the publics learn the possibilities of forming knowledge from it.

碩士
玄奘大學
中國語文學系碩博士班
101
This dissertation studies “Huan Men” in Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts Collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1). “Huan Men” consists of thirteen bamboo manuscripts, which are numbered in an orderly fashion on the back. The text has been well preserved, and the content can be compared with I Chou Shu – Huan Men. It certainly deserves further study. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, Introduction, includes three sections, namely motivation, methodology and procedures, as well as literature reviews. The second chapter, paleographic analysis of “Huan Men,” includes five sections, namely the shape and structure of the bamboo manuscripts and their content, explanation of “Huan Men,” “To Follow After the Two Intelligent Kings,” “To Admonish the Secceeding Kings,” as well as “To Call All Chancellors to Cooperate for the Kingdom,” with the original text and comparison with the relevant text in I Chou Shu – Huan Men. The third chapter, Conclusion, includes two sections, namely translation of “Huan Men” and results from the interpreted reading of the text from the bamboo manuscripts. In the paleographic analysis, perspectives from scholars are first summarized. Information is then analyzed to reinforce the evidence. The hope is to achieve a reasonable interpreted reading of “Huan Men” in the Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts Collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1) through the paleographic analysis of the bamboo manuscripts. Keywords: Bamboo Manuscripts Collected by Tsinghua University, “Huan Men,” I Chou Shu, Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
經學研究所
101
Since the end of the twentieth century, many of the excavated Warring States bamboo manuscripts are ancient Chinese classics (經jīng), but very few are ancient "books" (書shū). However, in the Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1), there are many portions of Shang Shu (the Book of Documents) and Yi Zhou Shu (the lost book of Zhou) including chapters that were previously lost. This thesis focuses on the Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1), chapters Jin Teng and Zhai Gong. There are four chapters in total. Chapter One, "Introduction", describes the motives behind and purpose of this research. It provides a general description of the research into the Bamboo Manuscripts collected by TsingHua University (Vol. 1) as well as a comparison of the various versions of the transmitted versions of the texts under study. Chapter Two is a paleographic analysis of the Tsing Hua version of Jin Teng, and its related texts in the Shang Shu and the Shi Ji. Chapter Three is a further paleographic analysis of the Tsing Hua version of Zhai Gong in which it is compared to the Yi Zhou Shu. Chapter Four, "Conclusion", summarizes the content of this research in a review format. Next, there is an appendix which compares the excavated text with the relevant transmitted versions. The paleographic analysis in this thesis first summarizes the viewpoints of important scholars in the field regarding the characters and words appearing in the text. Then, in accordance with the actual character forms, textual meanings and comparison to transmitted texts, judgments are made as to the correct interpretation of the facts. At the same time, relevant questions concerning studies of the Chinese classics are addressed. It is the aim of the character form analysis in this research to aid in the recognition and understanding of Warring States character forms. The comparisons to transmitted texts can be used as a tool to correct or supplement the understanding of these texts.This research focuses on the Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1), chapters Jin Teng and Zhai Gong. An attempt is made to clearly identify the Chinese characters in the text and to verify all textual explanations in order to reduce the difficulty in reading these texts and thereby aide their future research.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國語文學系碩士班
101
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a study of "Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts collected by Tsinghua University (Vol. 1), the chapter of Zhai Gong''s Guming "and to demonstrate its text meaning and the related issue. In this thesis, queries on the meaning of texts are clarified first by the interpretation from the unearthed literature comparing to ancient books spread in the world. On the other hand, the historic and historical position of Zhai Gong and other three vassals are reviewed and summarized by the literature and records related to the bronzes were excavated from Western Zhou. The paper is divided into four chapters. The chapter 1 is "Introduction" describing the study motivation, purpose, researching strategy and current situation. The chapter 2 and chapter 3 are the interpretation of texts which are divided into six parts for the further detailed investigation and analysis on each sentence. The chapter 4 is the sentence instruction and comparation between ancient books spread in the world and unearthed literatures and the review of the historic and historical position for Zhai Gong and the other three vassals. The Chapter 5 is the conclusion which summarized this study and does a whole review. This chapter also describes the achievement in this paper including the analysis and interpretation of texts for the unearthed literatures and ancent books spread in the world as well as the people in this paper can be demonstrated to be associated with some historical events happened in some ancient periods.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國語文學系碩士班
101
The content of " Bao Xun " can be considered as "the last words before King Wen died ", and it was described when King Wen was at the point of death, by Yu Shun and Shang Jia Wei on historical examples to emphasiz and explain the thought of Zhong, intending to teach King Wu to preview " Bao Xun ". Through bamboo slips'' variorum , author researches the content of bamboo slips in detail, and queries the ancient books spreaded in the world and unearthed literature about Yu Shang and Shang Jia Weis'' related records of historical legends. Author thinks that the meaning of" Bao Xun''s Zhong " is " Zhong Dao thought " from pre-Qin Confucianism to Song－Ming Li Xue, and it was throughout the whole Chinese thought history. The story of Yu Shun contained a positive meaning of " Zhong Dao ". Yu Shun wanted to avoid producing battle because the distribution of interests to the public people was unfair. In ord to avoid producing battle, which brought tumultuous, and poverty, he established an obvious "metric demarcation" for people. By this way of right principles ("Zhong Dao "), he eliminated contradictions and conflicts each other. He made people live in a harmony society, and obeyed the law and had good manners. So this " Zhong Dao " must establish specific etiquette, and asked people to follow and implement it. In other words, the " Zhong Dao " must be based on "etiquette" to be implemented, that is " Dao to social unity" in the chapter of " Xun Zi．Honor and Disgrace " and it is the core values of Confucian rites. The story of Shang Jia Wei contained a negative meaning of " Zhong Dao ", when national tribal originally harmony and inclusive relationship, even suddenly confronted to force destroy; led to contradictions and conflicts, even occurred disputes leading to war and slaughter, at this time processing dispute each other still should adheres to "in the normal way to revenge" of " Zhong Dao ", must not addiction to hatred , manufacture vendetta and led to vicious cycle, even caused both fail and injury to happen. Because Yo Yi killed King Hai, the thing is contrary to morals, and it is a violence against the princes, Shang Jia Wei punished Yo Yi because of the crimes and violence, but it is still Justice. In other words, the " Zhong Dao " means the practice of "righteousness", as well as the core values of Confucian rites. In conclusion, bamboo slips contained two tales of " Bao Xun " , Yu Shun''s Zhong is "benevolence"；Shang Jia Wei''s Zhong is "righteousness". " Zhong Dao thought" embodies the specific blend of "benevolence" and "righteousness", and it is the most common and important political practice for all ancient emperors. For the sake of "searching for Zhong Dao " and " getting Zhong Dao " ,Yu Shun was appreciated and inherited the throne from the Emperor Yao; Cheng Tang took over the Xia dynasty and established the Shang dynasty from the experiences of his ancestors "Shang Jia Wei ". It can be seen that Yu Shun and Cheng Tang completed construction of national events from the experience of " Zhong Dao ". So King Wen was at the point of death, he warned King Wu that he must keep " Zhong Dao " in mind at all times, and reach upon the end of the target. So King Wen said: "I wish you work hard and do not relax your efforts. If something sad happens in the future, it won''t hurt you.You finally will gain Da Ming and inherite the throne from the Shang dynasty. Be reverent！Do not indulge in any sins! "Zhong Dao "and" inheriting Tian Ming to mount the throne" are associated with very deep and the importance of "Zhong Dao " is incomparable！

碩士
國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
106
This thesis examines the text which is published in Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period Collected in Tsing Hua University, Vol.6（清華大學藏戰國楚竹書［陸］）and named “Duchess Wǔ of Zhèng Admonish the Heir” （鄭武夫人規孺子）by collators. This text are scribed by Chǔ（楚） people in Late Warring States, describe the history of Zhèng. This text records the debate whether Duke Zhuāng of Zhèng be in charge of government affairs. In chapter one, I introduce the content of Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period Collected in Tsing Hua University and “Duchess Wǔ of Zhèng Admonish the Heir” first. Then I review previous research. At last, I explain the principles and methods of reconstructing manuscript roll, recognition unknown word, and interpretation of meaning. In chapter two, base on the method of radiocarbon dating and moisture content of bamboo, I examine the authenticity based on bamboo slips. Then I induction the length of bamboo slips, indicate most of bamboo slips are 1.5 feet、2 feet and 2.5 feet in Warring States. The relationship between length and reverence can be found in some cases. According to above-mentioned study, I explain the meaning of this text. Finally, I explain the causes that produce “Verso lines”, which are scratched on the backside of bamboo slips. The verso lines can reconstruct manuscript roll in specific situations. This text have a discontinuous verso lines, that imply collators may reconstruct manuscript roll in wrong way. In chapter three, according to verso lines and context, I move the 9th bamboo slip to the please between the 13th bamboo slip and 14th bamboo slip. And claim that have no missing bamboo slip between the 14th bamboo slip and 15th bamboo slip. In chapter four, I collect scholars’ interpretations for these text and provide explanations of words those are illegible and hard to identify, and afterwards translate them into vernacular. In chapter five, I analysis the euphemism in this text. Examining the causes of euphemism. When speaker’s status lower than the listener or they want to show goodwill, that inclined they to use euphemism. Some talking theme like taboo, personal relevant thing, mandate, refusing and criticism can make listener unpleasant, that inclined they to use euphemism too.