Journal articles: 'Université de Madagascar'

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Curl, David. "The rarest tortoise on earth." Oryx 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300025898.

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The Madagascan tortoise Geochelone yniphora, known locally as the ‘angonoka’, is found only near isolated patches of bamboo forest in the vicinity of Baly Bay in north-western Madagascar. As part of an Oxford University Expedition, and with some help from the Oryx 100% Fund, the author, together with Ian Scoones, Mike Guy and Gilbert Rakotoarisoa, has recently carried out a survey of the area. In this article, he discusses the conservation of this highly endangered animal.

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Newitt, M. "Maritime Trades of Northern Madagascar - The History of Civilisation in North Madagascar. By Pierre Vérin; translated by David Smith. Rotterdam/Boston: Balkema, 1986. Pp. vii + 431. £31.05; Hfl 115; $46.00. - Histoire et Civilisation du Nord-Ouest Malgache. Omaly Sy Anio, nos. 17–20 (1983–1984). Antanarivo: Université de Madagascar. Pp. 520. No price stated." Journal of African History 28, no. 2 (July 1987): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700029844.

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Bouchard, Christian. "JAUZE, Jean-Michel (dir.) (2005) Regards géographiques sur Madagascar. Saint-Denis, Université de la Réunion, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, 148 p. (ISSN 1247-1194)." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 51, no. 142 (2007): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015911ar.

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Tsiky, Rabetrano. "REBIOMA Data Portal, Tool for Conservation Planning in Madagascar." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25864.

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Recognizing the abundance and the accumulation of information and data on biodiversity that are still poorly exploited and even unfunded, the REBIOMA project (Madagascar Biodiversity Networking), in collaboration with partners, has developed an online dataportal in order to provide easy access to information and critical data, to support conservation planning and the expansion of scientific and professional activities in Madagascar biodiversity. The mission of the REBIOMA data portal is to serve quality-labeled, up-to-date species occurrence data and environmental niche models for Madagascar’s flora and fauna, both marine and terrestrial. REBIOMA is a project of the Wildlife Conservation Society Madagascar and the University of California, Berkeley. REBIOMA serves species occurrence data for marine and terrestrial regions of Madagascar. Following upload, data is automatically validated against a geographic mask and a taxonomic authority. Data providers can decide whether their data will be public, private, or shared only with selected collaborators. Data reviewers can add quality labels to individual records, allowing selection of data for modeling and conservation assessments according to quality. Portal users can query data in numerous ways. One of the key features of the REBIOMA web portal is its support for species distribution models, created from taxonomically valid and quality-reviewed occurrence data. Species distribution models are produced for species for which there are at least eight, reliably reviewed, non-duplicate (per grid cell) records. Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt for short) is used to produce continuous distribution models from these occurrence records and environmental data for different eras: past (1950), current (2000), and future (2080). The result is generally interpreted as a prediction of habitat suitability. Results for each model are available on the portal and ready for download as ASCII and HTML files. The REBIOMA Data Portal address is http://data.rebioma.net, or visit http://www.rebioma.netfor more general information about the entire REBIOMA project.

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Pavlik, Benjamin J., Jodi L. Sangster, Ian C. Parsley, Erik M. Knudsen, Zoelitiana Ndrianajasoloarivony, Dean J. Patterson, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, and Elizabeth G. Jones. "Solar Energy for Rural Madagascar Schools: A Pilot Implementation by University of Nebraska Engineers Without Borders-USA." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 8, no. 2 (October 9, 2013): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v8i2.5032.

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A pilot photovoltaic system was constructed in Kianjavato, Madagascar by a team from the University of Nebraska Engineers Without Borders-USA Student Chapter. This project represents an integrated approach to energy supply, education and natural resource conservation. The system supplies power to ten 13 W fluorescent tubes in a primary school classroom for the purpose of extending public school hours into the evening for adult education. The project was implemented in partnership with a Malagasy non-governmental organization, the Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership. Future monitoring data will determine the outcome of the project and aid in the design of additional installations in the community.

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PUENTE, MARTA, ACHILLE P. RASELIMANANA, and MIGUEL VENCES. "Rediscovery and redescription of the Malagasy dwarf gecko Lygodactylus klemmeri." Zootaxa 1073, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1073.1.2.

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Lygodactylus klemmeri Pasteur, 1964 is a small diurnal gekkonid lizard described on the basis of a single male specimen from Antsingy forest in western Madagascar, deposited in the Paris museum. This specimen could not be retrieved during recent years in the Paris collection and might be lost. Hence, the only existing information on this gecko is the original description and some subsequent remarks on the holotype by G. Pasteur. We here report on new material of L. klemmeri from the collection of the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, and provide a comparison to published morphological data of the holotype.

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QUERINO, R. B., and R. A. ZUCCHI. "An illustrated key to the species of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of Brazil." Zootaxa 1073, no. 1 (November 1, 2005): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1073.1.3.

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Lygodactylus klemmeri Pasteur, 1964 is a small diurnal gekkonid lizard described on the basis of a single male specimen from Antsingy forest in western Madagascar, deposited in the Paris museum. This specimen could not be retrieved during recent years in the Paris collection and might be lost. Hence, the only existing information on this gecko is the original description and some subsequent remarks on the holotype by G. Pasteur. We here report on new material of L. klemmeri from the collection of the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, and provide a comparison to published morphological data of the holotype.

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Wilson, Jane M. "The crocodile caves of Ankarana, Madagascar." Oryx 21, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020470.

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In 1981 the FFPS helped fund the Southampton University Expedition to the Ankarana Caves in northern Madagascar. This was the first attempt at any systematic biological work there. Within the longest cave, la Grotte d'Andrafiabé, a striking variety of fauna was found, including several arthropod species that were new to science. This preliminary report, by one of the expedition's members, describes some of the findings. A new 10-man team returned to Ankarana in August 1986 to extend the work.

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Ranaivo, Irina Mamisoa, Fandresena Arilala Sendrasoa, Malalaniaina Andrianarison, Moril Sata, Onivola Raharolahy, Dimby Stephane Ralandison, Lala Soavina Ramarozatovo, and Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro Rabenja. "Clinicoepidemiology of Skin Diseases in Children Seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar." Dermatology Research and Practice 2021 (September 9, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6456448.

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Introduction. The child’s skin diseases are common and very diverse. Many studies concerning pediatric dermatoses have been carried out in Africa and the rest of the world. Few epidemioclinical data reflect these skin diseases in children, especially in the east coast of Madagascar. We aim to describe the pattern skin diseases among children seen at the University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar. Patients and Methods. A retrospective study over a 3-year period from January 2017 to December 2019 was conducted in children seen in the Dermatology Department of University Hospital Center Morafeno, Toamasina, with skin diseases. Results. During the study period, 347 children out of the 1584 new patients were retained with a sex ratio of 0.86. The mean age was 6.4 years old. The main diseases identified were skin infectious diseases (43, 23%), allergic dermatoses (24.21%), and autonomous dermatosis (15.56%). Conclusion. Our study revealed the importance of infectious and allergic dermatoses in Toamasina. It is necessary to carry out simple preventive actions such as hygiene.

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Pearson, Mike Parker. "Tombs and monumentality in southern Madagascar: preliminary results of the central Androy survey." Antiquity 66, no. 253 (December 1992): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00044860.

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This note reports the initial results of a joint multidisciplinary project between the University of Sheffield and the Musée d'Art et d'Archéologie in Antananarivo, which has concentrated on the investigation of the social and economic significance of the tombs that are an outstanding landscape feature in an area of southern Madagascar.

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Rahamefy, Onja Holisoa, Michèle Rivard, Madeleine Ravaoarinoro, Lala Ranaivoharisoa, Andriamiliharison Jean Rasamindrakotroka, and Richard Morisset. "Sexual behaviour and condom use among university students in Madagascar." SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 5, no. 1 (April 2008): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2008.9724899.

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CONSTANTINO, REGINALDO. "Reexamination of the identity and status of the termite taxa described by Czerwinski (1901) from southern Brazil (Isoptera: Termitidae)." Zootaxa 4370, no. 3 (January 10, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.3.6.

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Czerwinski (1901) (sometimes spelled Tscherwinsky) described four new termite taxa in a publication about the termite collection of the former Zoological Cabinet of the Imperial Warsaw University (currently Museum and Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, MZPW): Eutermes burmeisteri and Eutermes rippertii iheringi from southern Brazil, Eutermes canariensis from the Canary Islands, and Eutermes nasonovi from Madagascar.

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Anciaux, Alain. "International Voices: Are We Learning from History?" Practicing Anthropology 22, no. 4 (September 1, 2000): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.22.4.v1161n7032367048.

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The panel organized by the SfAA International Committee in San Francisco was focused on the topic "Are We Learning from history: Public Health Research, Policy and Programs." Participants gave the audience the opportunity to reflect upon five questions. The papers were: "Picking Mangos from the Trees: Is the Timing Right?" (Elizabeth Guillette, University of Arizona), "Are Lessons Learned? The Case of a Women's Empowerment Project in Madagascar" (Gisele Maynard Tucker); "Applications of Medical Anthropology to Epidemiological Research: Collaboration and Consternation" (Deborah O. Erwin, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences); "Tolerance toward Cultural Difference in Public Health: Contributions of Medical Anthropology to Ethical Relativism" (Raymond Massé, Laval University); and "Applied Anthropology: the ‘Black Duck’ of Impact Assessment" (Alain Anciaux, Brussels University).

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Wilson, Jane M., Paul D. Stewart, and Simon V. Fowler. "Ankarana—a rediscovered nature reserve in northern Madagascar." Oryx 22, no. 3 (July 1988): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027794.

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Over the centuries the Ankarana Massif has been home to at least 12 lemur species, reflecting the incredible ecological wealth and diversity of this small forest reserve. Yet almost no systematic biological work had been done there, until the Southampton University team (supported by the Oryx 100% Fund) visited Ankarana in 1981. Oryx published a report of this expedition in January 1987. A new team of nine British biologist–cavers, three doctors, two Malagasy palaeontologists, an entomologist and a botanist spent the end of the 1986 dry season (mid–August to mid–October) producing the first catalogue of the fauna and flora. The team rediscovered the rare white-breasted mesite, an endemic bird last seen at Ankarana in 1931 and known from only two other small areas in Madagascar; special efforts were also made to assess the conservation status of lemurs, bats and the Nile crocodiles, which have refuges there.

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Lestari N., Dewi Nastiti. "ANALISIS KESAMAAN RUMPUN BAHASA BI DAN MALAGASI SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU PROSES PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BAGI PENUTUR ASING (BIPA)." MABASAN 8, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mab.v8i2.90.

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The promotion of bahasa Indonesia as an international language, as stated in the Article No. 44 of the Law No. 24 of 2009, is indirectly meant to give a wider oppurtunity to introduce bahasa Indonesian to the world through the learning of bahasa Indonesia for foreign learners. This article is a simple review and a result of action reseach conducted by Nastiti (2010) in the BIPA program of Trisakti University. The result shows that the learners from Madagascar mastered bahasa Indonesian faster than other learners. It is assumed that such progress occurred due to the similarity in the language family, Austronesian language. This article discusses a medium of interaction of bahasa Indonesian for foreign learners through the exploration of the similarities of a language family, i.e between bahasa Indonesian and Malagasi language. Cross linguistics understanding and the learners’ language influenced significantly to the mastery of the target language. This article describes several words in Malagasi language which are derived from loan words from a number of local languages in Indonesia, such as Ma’anyan language (Kalimantan), Malay, Javanese, and South Sulawesi languages. These load words were used as a medium for learning bahasa Indonesian (BIPA) among Madagascar learners. Results of analysis shows thatthere was a number of levels of difficulty pertaining to the structure of the learners’language and the instructional prediction of BIPA learners from Madagascar which benefit for BIPA teachers especially for those who involes in Developing Country Program or other BIPA programs.

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Ranaivomanana, Mampionona, Tojo Rafaralahivoavy, Joelle Razafimahefa, Anicet M. Rakotovao, Rivo A. Rakotoarivelo, Hélio S. Razafimahefa, and Florine Rafaramino. "Epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in the hospital of Tambohobe Fianarantsoa, Madagascar." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 3619. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194289.

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Background: Gastrointestinal cancers are among the top 10 cancers and causes of cancer death worldwide. Given the absence of cancer registry in Madagascar and absence of epidemiological study of gastrointestinal cancer in the province of Fianarantsoa, our aim was to describe the epidemiological aspect of gastrointestinal cancers at the University Hospital of Tambohobe Fianarantsoa.Methods: Authors have conducted a descriptive retrospective study over a three-year period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 at the University Hospital of Tambohobe Fianarantsoa (in oncology, internal medicine and visceral surgery departments). The variables analyzed were age, gender, tumor location.Results: Authors have collected 74 cases of gastrointestinal cancers. There were 46 males 62.16% and 28 females 37.84%. The mean age was 56.30±12.10 years old. The predominant age groups were 45-55 years. Authors found colorectal cancer in 43%, followed by liver carcinoma in 19%, then pancreatic cancer 14%, esophageal cancer 13%, gastric cancer 8%, duodenum cancer 3%.Conclusions: Gastrointestinal cancers at the hospital of Tambohobe Fianarantsoa affect young people, especially the male gender with a predominance of colorectal and liver cancer.So, it is important to continue the vaccination against hepatitis viral B infection and to implement a colorectal cancer screening program.

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Rajaonanahary, T., F. Raherinantenaina, M. Rakotonaivo, and H. Rakoto Ratsimba. "Peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs at Antananarivo University Hospital (Madagascar)." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 24, no. 2 (April 2014): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2014.0326.

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HELLER, KLAUS-GERHARD, CLAUDIA HEMP, BRUNO MASSA, JACQUES RAKOTONDRANARY, and ANTON KRIŠTÍN. "Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species." Zootaxa 4563, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4.

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During a joint ecological project of the Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, Slovakia, and the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar, eight species (10 specimens) of phaneropterine bush-crickets were collected. Among them, two species were found as new to science (Mimoscudderia longicaudata n. sp., Paraphyrrhicia leuca n. sp.) and are described in this paper. Two other species (Plangia segonoides, Trigonocorypha maxima) were found the first time after their description more than 100 years ago. We provide first detailed data about their localities and habitat.

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Jasper Grant Raelison, Hanitra Mbolatiana Rivoarimanana, Tanjonirina Razafindrainibe, Nadia Marie Philibertine Rahanitriniaina, Falihery Albertin Rakotomavo, and Nasolotsiry Enintsoa Raveloson. "Poor Prognosis Factors of Severe Malaria in Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 7 (October 24, 2019): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0307.10297.

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INTRODUCTION & AIM: Malaria is a major health problem in our country. Our aim is to determine the poor prognosis factors of this pathology.MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective descriptive, analytical study was conducted in the intensive care unit of University Hospital Center of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, during 24 months (June 2015 to May 2017). The severity was defined according to the recommendations for clinical practice (2007). We compared surviving and non-surviving patients.RESULTS: Fifty-six (56) cases were studied. The average age was 30 ± 11 years with a sex ratio of 6. Six cases had pulmonary disease. Neurological failure was present in 29 cases. Forty-seven cases were treated with quinine and 07 cases received norepinephrine. The length of stay was 3.55 ± 2.06 days. Eighteen subjects (32%) died. In multivariate analysis, neurological failure (p = 0.0001), jaundice (p = 0.0016), renal insufficiency (p <0.0001) and use of catecholamine (p = 0.0139) were associated with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION: The mortality of malaria was high. Neurological failure, jaundice, renal insufficiency and use of catecholamine were poor prognostic factors.

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Rakotomahenina, Pierre Benjamin, and Olivier Origène Andriamasimanana. "THE SYSTEM OF COOPERATION OF ACTORS IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i8.2020.742.

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The purpose of this article is to show the mechanism of cooperation at the level of teaching staff, students and administrative and technical staff as the three main actors in open and/or distance learning (ODL). The participatory observation approach carried out within the ODL organization in management sciences at the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar) has made it possible to bring out the result of the configuration of community - organic cooperation based on social identification and solidarity. The ODL platform constitutes a fundamental mechanism for ensuring the functioning of cooperation between stakeholders.

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Kaufmann, Jeffrey C. "Archival Research in Antananarivo, Madagascar: The National Archives." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172042.

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The Malagasy proverb “You can't catch a locust if your armpit is not close to the ground” (Ny valala tsy azo raha tsy andrian'elika) perhaps characterizes archival research in Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. There are at least eight research facilities with archival materials in town: the National Archives (Foiben'ny Arisivam-Pirenena Malagasy); the Academie Malgache; CIDST (Centre d'Information et de Documentation Scientifique et Technique); the National Library (Tranomboky-Pirenena); the University Library; and three church archives (American Lutheran, Norwegian Lutheran, and Catholic). In this paper I give some background information on the collections in the National Archives, outline how to use the facilities, provide an annotated bibliography of the finding aids there, and give some tips for one's stay in Antananarivo.Madagascar's National Archives inherited many documents from the monarchical period. At the beginning of the colonial administration, the French deposited royal documents at the Queen's Palace (Rova) in Antananarivo. During their occupation they added documents from the territorial and central administrations. The whole collection was transferred to French headquarters before the Malagasy direction of Civil Affairs was created. On 1 March 1958 the Service des Archives de Madagascar was instituted. From then on, the archives have been under the jurisdiction of the head of government.The National Archives are remarkable for their materials on the following topics: the history of the Malagasy people; their customs and practices; and their way of thinking that distinguishes them from the majority of other people. Moreover, the National Archives have collections that do not exist in other libraries, such as the Academie Malagasy and CIDST.

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Wetterer, James K. "First Baltic record of Plagiolepis alluaudi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a tropical ant found in an Estonian greenhouse." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 156, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1562.4036.

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I report the first Baltic record of the tropical ant species Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery, 1894 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), found living in a greenhouse at the Botanical Garden of the University of Tartu, Estonia. This species, thought to be native to Madagascar and neighbouring islands, has been previously reported from numerous greenhouses in Western Europe, where it can be a pest through tending of plant-feeding Hemiptera. Although P. alluaudi can be an outdoor pest in tropical and subtropical areas, this ant does not appear to pose a threat of expanding into local natural habitats in temperate areas.

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Rakotomahefa Narison, Mbolanirina L., Arthur B. A. Ratsimbazafy, Zo L. Andrianadison, and Honore S. Raobijaona. "Preliminary study of the prevalence of hypotrophy and fetal alcohol syndrome in Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 7 (June 24, 2020): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202604.

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Background: Hypotrophy is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries. In Madagascar, efforts have been made to improve this situation, particularly with regard to prevention and early treatment. This prevention is mainly focused on the search for determining factors. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is not yet mentioned in Madagascar although more than 9% of Tananarivian women drink alcohol. A study was conducted in our department to determine the relationship between maternal alcohol intake and hypotrophy.Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the pediatrics department of the Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital Centre, on hospitalized hypotrophic newborns (below the 10th percentile) over a period of 3 months from December 1, 2018 to February 31, 2019. In the newborn, authors studied facial features, neurological abnormalities and associated malformations. For the mother, alcohol consumption, pregnancy information was analyzed. The character of FAS could thus be classified.Results: Author counted 21 hypotrophs among the 128 newborns hospitalized during this period. The facial abnormalities observed were: upper lip thickness abnormality (9.5%) and retrognathism (4.7%). Neurological signs described were: difficulty sucking (76.1%), hypotonia (66.6%), restlessness (9.5%), hyper-responsiveness (9.5%), hypertonia (9.5%) and tremor (4.7%). Two organ malformations (9.5%) were seen: cardiac and biliary tract malformations. Only one mother (4.7%) admitted having taken alcohol during pregnancy. Seven cases of familial alcoholism were reported. At the end of this study, we were able to identify only one case of doubtful FAS (4.7%), 2 cases of suspected FAS (9.5%) and 1 case of confirmed FAS (4.7%).Conclusions: This syndrome remains under-diagnosed in Madagascar due to the lack of staff training on FAS and the non-systematization of the search for its signs during systematic visits.

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VB, Razafindraibe, Rasataharifetra Rasataharifetra, Rahantasoa FCFP, Samison LH, and Rakotoarijaona AH. "Digestive Surgical Emergencies at Analankininina Toamasina Madagascar University Hospital during the Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Medical and Health Science Study 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrmhss.v1i2.32.

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During the period of total containment during the Covid-19 pandemic; our department became the sole treatment center for all surgical emergencies. The influx of many patients made the task very difficult for the surgeon. This is a 3-month descriptive prospective study in the visceral surgery department at the Analankininina Toamasina University Hospital Center. Of the 81 patients hospitalized during the study, 32 patients were admitted for digestive surgery emergency, i.e. 39.50%. The mean age was 34.87 years with a sex ratio of 1.66, predominantly male. Abdominal pain occupied 43.75% of the reason for consultation, the most frequent pathologies were acute intestinal obstruction (18.75%) and acute appendicitis (18.75%). An exploratory laparotomy is performed on 40.62% of patients. Many patients were operated on for proctologic emergency (18.75%). The average length of hospitalization is 4.18 days. The visceral emergencies are present despite the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic and the activities of the health personnel are uninterrupted.

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Komakech, Joel, Hasina Rakotomanana, Christine Walters, Deana Hildebrand, and Barbara Stoecker. "Maternal Social Support Is Associated with Child Complementary Feeding, and Household Food Security in the Vakinankaratra Region, Madagascar." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_060.

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Abstract Objectives There is limited research on the associations between maternal social support and household food security and child feeding practices in Madagascar. Our study examined the association between maternal social support, household food security, and feeding practices among mothers of children 6 - 24 months in the Vakinankaratra region, Madagascar. Methods This cross-sectional study included 344 mother-child dyads. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Index was used for maternal social support scores. A mean score of >4 was considered optimal social support with ≤2 as none or little support. Food insecurity scores were determined using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Complementary feeding practices were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) IYCF guidelines. Logistic and linear regression models tested the association between social support, complementary feeding practices, and household food insecurity. The models were adjusted for household, maternal and child confounders. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results Almost half of the mothers (49.1%) were supported by their spouses, although only 37.8% of mothers had optimal social support. Less than half of infants (36.34%) met minimum dietary diversity (≥4 of 7 food groups). Mothers with optimal social support had lower household food insecurity (b = −0.85, P = 0.016, R,2 = 0.10) in the adjusted models. Furthermore, children of mothers with higher social support were more likely to meet minimum dietary diversity scores (AOR = 2.36 [1.21–4.56], P = 0.021) and to achieve the minimum adequate diet (AOR = 2.32 [1.17–4.61], P = 0.018). Although maternal social support was significantly associated with child minimum meal frequency in the bivariate analysis, it became nonsignificant in the final adjusted model (AOR = 1.70 [0.93–3.11], P = 0.387). Conclusions Increased maternal social support was significantly associated with household food security, child dietary diversity, and diet adequacy. Integrating parental peer support in nutrition interventions may be effective in improving food security, and child feeding practices in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Funding Sources This study was funded by Oklahoma State University.

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VB, Razafindraibe, Jonatana AD, Rahantasoa FCFP, Samison LH, and Rakotoarijaona AH. "Acute Appendicitis Seen at Analankininina University Hospital during the Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal La Medihealtico 1, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v1i4.146.

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Acute appendicitis was often diagnosed at the complication stage during the Covid19 pandemic at CHU Analankininina Toamasina. Our objective was to discuss the particularity of the management of appendicitis during the pandemic. Our study was prospective, descriptive for 6 months and took place in the general surgery department of the Analankininina Toamasina University Hospital Center, Madagascar from March 2020 to August 2020. We had collected 28 patients. The sex ratio was 3.66. The average age was 27.57 years. Appendicular abscess represented 64.29% (n=18) of the appendicular patients operated in emergency. Appendicular plastron occupied 14.29% (n=2) and generalized acute peritonitis was 7.14% (n=2). Post-operative follow-up was simple in 71.43% (n=20). The average length of hospitalization was 4 days. Acute appendicitis is often complicated during the Covid 19 pandemic in our hospital center. Surgery was systematic in our hospital, contrary to some literature which advocated antibiotic therapy at an early stage in front of the health emergency.

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Tanjona, Ratsiatosika A., Randriamahavonjy Romuald, Ratongasoa Mahefa, Housni I. A., Rakotonirina A. Martial, Randria J. Mahenina, Rakotonirina Ando-Miora, and Andrianampanalinarivo H. Rakotovao. "Emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a tertiary hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4752. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184542.

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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the entire world. It affects 10% of deliveries. Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH)defined as a lifesaving procedure involving the removal of the uterus to treat severe postpartum hemorrhage is one of the last-resort treatments for severe postpartum hemorrhage in case of failure of other techniques. Through this study, we aimed both to describe the epidemiological profile, to determine the etiologies, and maternal complications of EPH.Methods: It is about a descriptive retrospective study from January 1st, 2016 to January 1st, 2017 at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology. We included all patients who underwent Emergency peripartum hysterectomy after 22 weeks of Amenorrhea (WA) regardless of the delivery route in the centre. We used the R software for the statistical analysis of the results.Results: We had 31 cases of EPH during this period with a prevalence of 0.44%. The average age was 26.38±5.61 years. Mean gestational age was 37±3.59 weeks of amenorrhea. In the 83.87% of cases, the patient received less than four prenatal consultations. Patients were referred in 45.16% of the cases. The delivery route was by cesarean section in 48.39% of cases. Eleven patients (35.48%) received a blood transfusion. Hysterectomy was subtotal in 96.77% of the cases. We had five (16.13%) maternal deaths during the study period. The leading cause of death was hemorrhagic shock (80%). The etiology of hysterectomy was dominated by uterine atony complicated by hemorrhage (48.39%), followed by retroplacental hematoma (25.81%) and uterine rupture (22.58%).Conclusions: EPH still holds its place in the management of postpartum hemorrhage in Madagascar. Maternal mortality remains high. Uterine atony was the most common indication for EPH. The prevention of postpartum hemorrhage by management of the third stage of labour should be carried out by any health actor.

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Reuter, Peter R., Shannon McGinnis, and Kim E. Reuter. "Comparing the awareness of and beliefs in sexually transmitted infections among university students in Madagascar and the United States of America." PeerJ 6 (February 21, 2018): e4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4362.

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Young adults have a higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than other age groups. This risk may be mediated by their social and cultural setting which can impact young adults’ awareness of, beliefs in, and risk of contracting STIs (including HIV/AIDS). In order to understand how these factors vary among young adults of different cultures, it is important to study these issues on a cross-cultural scale. This study aimed to increase understanding of the relationship between the culture of a place of study and: (1) STI awareness; (2) belief in STIs; and (3) self-reported STI prevalence in the study population. Survey data were collected from university students in Madagascar (n = 242 surveys in 2013) and the United States of America (n = 199 surveys in 2015). Compared to students at the American university, students at the Malagasy university: (1) did not appear to have a conclusively lower awareness of STIs; (2) did not differ in rates of belief in the existence of gonorrhea and syphilis, but had higher rates of disbelief in HIV/AIDS; and (3) were more likely to report having been infected with syphilis and gonorrhea, but not with HIV/AIDS. Students at the Malagasy university also listed different reasons than the students at the American university for why they believed in the existence of STIs. These findings highlight the need for further cross-cultural research to better adapt intervention strategies to different cultural settings.

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Rajaonarivony, Marie Valerie, Tanoja A. Ratsiatosika, Romuald Randriamahavonjy, Lantonirina Rainibarijaona, Jean Eustache Fanomezantsoa, Aristide Andriamiandrisoa, and Pierana Gabriel Randaoharison. "Early school leaving: obstetrical and neonatal risks." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 5094. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205252.

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Introduction: Maternal mortality remains very high in Madagascar. In addition, women's education level is low. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the maternal educational level on the obstetrical and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study of primiparae with seven years of study or less to patients with more than seven years of study at Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga university hospital center.Results: Prematurity was higher in low-grade patients (RR=2.6 (1.04-6.51)), and low birth weight was the leading cause of neonatal morbidity (RR=3.52). Pregnancy screening, maternal morbimortality, caesarean section, neonatal death and fetal intrauterine death were identical between the two groups.Conclusions: Education has a positive impact on maternal health. An education on pregnancy outcomes should be done at school.

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Woodward, Wendy. "[Review] Natalie Porter and Ilana Gershon, editors. Living with Animals: Bonds across Species. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018. 266 pp." Animal Studies Journal 9, no. 2 (December 2020): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/asj/v9.i2.17.

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[Review] Natalie Porter and Ilana Gershon, editors. Living with Animals: Bonds across Species. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018. 266 pp. Living with Animals, as the dust jacket avers, ‘is a collection of imagined animal guides – a playful look at different human-animal relationships’. The collection has an international range from dogs in Australia, to sacrificial cattle in Madagascar, chimpanzees in West Africa, tamed hyenas in Harar, and returning birds in Buenos Aires. At the same time the reader learns more about animals in processes and places we might take for granted – training service dogs, marketing rescue dogs, introducing a gorilla into a zoo troop – or prefer to deny – dealing with pigs in a factory farm, artificially inseminating cows and horses, responding to mice and ferrets in laboratories.

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Randrianandraina, Patrick M., Mamy J. J. Razafimahatratra, Corinne E. Solo, Angelo H. Valisoa, Nathalie C. Razay, Heritsilavo E. Ramilison, and Andriarimanana H. N. Rakotoarisoa. "Associated factors with otitis externa in the city of Antsiranana, Madagascar." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20201668.

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Background: Otitis externa is common in medical practice. This study aims to identify the contributing factors of otitis externa in the city of Antsiranana, Madagascar.Methods: This is an analytical case-control type study, concerning patients with otitis externa, seen from January to July 2019, at the university hospital of place Kabary and at the grand Pavois medical practice, all in Antsiranana. The epidemiological, behavioural and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results: We included 153 patients, among which 51were cases and 102 controls. The average age was 32.9 years (±19.41). The occurrence of otitis externa was significantly associated with the existence of a history of otitis externa, as well as ear cleaning 4 to 6 times per week (p=0.00; OR=46.17; CI=5.90-361.02). The diabetes exposure ratio was 18.79 in the ‘cases’ (p=0.00; CI=2.27-154.88), this ratio was 10.71 in the event of repeated swimming in pool (p=0.00; CI=2.22-51.70), 3.94 in case of ear cleaning with the cotton swab (p=00; CI=1.34-11, 60), and 2.23 when using headphones (p=0.02; CI=1.05-4.75). The treatment of a previous otological pathology was a protective factor against otitis externa (OR=0.1500, p=0.0159, CI=0.0259-0.8689).Conclusions: The occurrence of otitis externa is related to well define daily behaviours and to other associated clinical factors. Managing these risk factors is the first step in treatment of otitis externa.

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Rakotomanana, Hasina, David Thomas, Fanjaniaina Fawbush, Deana Hildebrand, Gail Gates, Joel Komakech, Christine Walters, and Barbara Stoecker. "Child Development in a Region of Madagascar With High Child Undernutrition." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_063.

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Abstract Objectives The Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar has a high burden of child undernutrition, a strong risk factor for poor child development. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess the household stimulation environment and to evaluate the development of 11 to 13 month-old toddlers from this agriculturally-productive area with some of the highest young-child stunting rates in the world. Methods Stunting (length-for-age z-score < -2) and underweight (weight-for-age z-score < -2) were determined using the 2006 WHO growth standards. Household stimulation environment was evaluated using the Family Care Indicators scales. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III were used to directly evaluate development of 36 toddlers (mean age 11.9 mo). Age-appropriate, increasingly difficult tasks are provided by the Bayley Scales to assess cognition, language, and motor skills. Socioemotional development also was evaluated using a questionnaire individually administered to the primary caregivers of 76 toddlers (mean age 11.7 mo). Results More than two-thirds (69%) of young children in the sample were stunted and 11% were underweight. Most mothers used household objects (75%) and materials from outside the house (71%) as children's toys such as makeshift balls made of plastic wraps. Common adult-infant interactions were talking and playing. In most households, adults told stories or read a book to children only once a week at most. However, these interactions were limited by other responsibilities of the parents. Scoring of the Bayley scales is adjusted to provide composite scores with a mean of 100 for each domain for each age group. Below average scores were determined in our sample as follows: cognitive [mean (SD): 60 (10.3)], motor [61.9 (13.4)], language [62 (13.2)], and socioemotional [85.1 (17.9]). Although in this small sample there were no statistical differences based on nutritional status, development scores for fine motor, cognitive, and receptive and expressive language were correlated [0.4 < r < 0.7, p < 0.05]. Conclusions The very high stunting rates and very low cognitive, motor, language, and socioemotional scores of young children in the Vakinankaratra region require urgent attention. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Marilynn Thoma Chair in Human Sciences at Oklahoma State University.

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Rakotomanana, Hasina, Christine Walters, Joel Komakech, Deana Hildebrand, Gail Gates, David Thomas, and Barbara Stoecker. "“What We Are Going to Eat Today, We Are Looking for It Today”: Exploring Barriers and Enablers of Optimal Complementary Feeding in Madagascar." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_095.

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Abstract Objectives Complementary feeding practices in Madagascar are inadequate. The purpose of this study was to identify maternal barriers to and enablers of optimal child feeding practices in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Methods Seven focus group discussions with mothers (n = 46) who had a child aged 6–23 months and eight in-depth interviews were conducted with community health workers (6), a nurse (1), and a program field monitor (1) in Malagasy, the local language. Discussions were transcribed verbatim, then back-translated into English. The average length of the interviews was 50 minutes. The translated transcripts from the discussions and interviews were analyzed using NVivo v.12 and a thematic analysis approach was used. Results Poverty, lack of money, and limited food availability were mentioned by the mothers as obstacles to adequate complementary feeding practices. Lack of time because of work as well as heavy workload also were cited as problems. Mothers generally decide alone on what food to give to their infants, with little to no help from spouse or relatives. All mothers considered their children's health and giving them appropriate complementary foods as important. Another potential enabler was that mothers trust the community health workers and usually ask them for help and/or information on child feeding. The key informants confirmed all of the mothers’ responses. Conclusions Interventions that aim to improve feeding practices in the Vakinankaratra region should address food insecurity and improve households’ income. Strengthening the local infrastructures with the community health workers appears to be important when aiming to reinforce appropriate feeding practices. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Marilynn Thoma Chair in Human Sciences at Oklahoma State University.

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Nouvet, Elysée, Astrid M. Knoblauch, Ian Passe, Andry Andriamiadanarivo, Manualdo Ravelona, Faniry Ainanomena Ramtariharisoa, Kimmerling Razafimdriana, et al. "Perceptions of drones, digital adherence monitoring technologies and educational videos for tuberculosis control in remote Madagascar: a mixed-method study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e028073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028073.

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IntroductionPoor road and communication infrastructure pose major challenges to tuberculosis (TB) control in many regions of the world. TB surveillance and patient support often fall to community health workers (CHWs) who may lack the time or knowledge needed for this work. To meet the End TB Strategy goal of reducing TB incidence by 90% by 2035, the WHO calls for intensified research and innovation including the rapid uptake of new tools, interventions and strategies. Technologies that ‘leapfrog’ infrastructure challenges and support CHWs in TB control responsibilities have the potential to dramatically change TB outcomes in remote regions. Such technologies may strengthen TB control activities within challenged national tuberculosis treatment and control programmes (NTPs), and be adapted to address other public health challenges. The deployment of innovative technologies needs to be differentially adapted to context-specific factors. The Drone Observed Therapy System (DrOTS) project was launched in Madagascar in 2017 and integrates a bundle of innovative technologies including drones, digital adherence monitoring technology and mobile device-based educational videos to support TB control.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study gathers and analyses cultural perceptions of the DrOTS project among key stakeholders: patients, community members, CHWs, village chiefs and NTP–DrOTS mobile health teams. Data from questionnaires, semistructured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD) and ethnographic observation gathered from June 2018 to June 2019 are thematically analysed and compared to identify patterns and singularities in how DrOTS stakeholders perceive and interact with DrOTS technologies, its enrolment processes, objectives and team.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the National Bioethics Research Committee of Madagascar and Stony Brook University institutional review board. Study results will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication. In Madagascar, results will be presented in person to Ministry and other Malagasy decision-makers through the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar.Patient and public involvementThis study is designed to foreground the voices of patients and potential patients in the DrOTS programme. CHW participants in this study also supported the design of study information sessions and recruitment strategies. One member of the mobile health team provided detailed input on the wording and content of FGD and interview guides. Study findings will be presented via a report in French and Malagasy to CHW, mobile health team and other village-level participants who have email/internet access.

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Housni, Ibrahim, Ratsiatosika A. Tanjona, Martial A. Rakotonirina, Randriamahavonjy Romuald, Sidy Fleurian, Bacar A. Halissiot, and Hery A. Rokotovao. "Uterine malformations and pregnancy: about 11 cases seen university hospital center of gynecology- obstetric Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 4670. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204831.

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Birth defects in the uterus result from abnormal fusion of the miler ducts and / or failure. Uterine malformations are a common cause of infertility, but if pregnancy occurs absorption from the septum. They are relatively frequent and concern 0.1-3% of the female population, such a situation is potentially high risk obstetric. We report here, 11 cases of uterine malformations during pregnancy seen at the CHUGOB from May 01, 2017 to May 01, 2018. We observed 11 cases of uterine malformations during pregnancy, including 3 cases of didelphus uterus, 3 cases of pseudo-unicornuate uterus, 3 cases of bicornuate uterus, 1 case of septate uterus and 1 case of true unicornuate uterus. The age of the parturients ranged from 22 to 26 with a mean of 23.63 years. Regarding pregnancy, 5 women were primigest, 4 were paucigest and 2 were multiparous. For gestational age, 09 cases came to term and 2 cases pregnancy stopped at 17 weeks. The average birth weight was 2215g. The diagnosis of the malformation was made before the caesarean section in 2 out of 10 cases. Eight out of 10 cases of the fetuses were alive. Congenital uterine malformations are often asymptomatic. The occurrence of pregnancy in a malformed uterus is a rare but potentially serious situation. The diagnosis of these abnormalities is based on new advanced imaging means such as 3D ultrasound.

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Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Z. D., F. M. Randriatsarafara, A. L. Rakotovao, and A. Rasamindrakotroka. "Prevalence and factors associated with extended-spectrum βlactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i1.7.

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Background: The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major cause of nosocomial bacteraemia. The objectives of this study are to describe the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bacteraemia and identify factors associated with these infections in a University Hospital in Madagascar.Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 randomly selected patients with clinical features of bacteraemia whose blood cultures were processed for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens over a period of six months (October 2019 to March 2020) at the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana. Blood culture samples were processed by conventional microbiological method for isolation of Enterobacteriaceae, which were identified to species level using Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E® test system. Antibiotic susceptibility of each isolate was performed by the disk diffusion technique and ESBL production was detected by the ‘synergy’ method.Results: Of the 300 patients, 54 were positive for bacteria, giving a prevalence rate of 18% for microbiologically documented bacteraemia. Of the 54 bacterial pathogens, Enterobacteriaceae isolates constituted 37 (68.5%), with 23 (42.6%) being ESBL producing and 14 (25.9%) non-ESBL producing isolates, 14 (25.9%) were staphylococci and 3 (5.6%) were streptococci isolates. All 23 (100%) ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and the third generation cephalosporins (3GC), 19 (82.6%) to gentamycin and 18 (78.3%) to cotrimoxazole. On the other hand, the non-ESBL producing isolates were more sensitive because only 10 (71%) were resistant to amoxicillin, 7 (50%)to cotrimoxazole, 2 (14%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 1 (7.1%) to gentamycin, and none (0%) was resistant to 3GC. All 54 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were sensitive to amikacin and imipenem. Age less than 20 years (93.8%) (p=0.001) and hospitalization in intensive care units (90.9%) (p=0.04) were significant risk factors associated with infection by ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion: ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae responsible for bacteraemia in University Hospital of Befelatanana, Madagascar, are resistant to many classes of antibiotics. Carbapenems and amikacin are the antibiotics of choice. Keywords: ESBL, Enterobacteriaceae, bacteraemia, antibiotic resistance French Title: Prévalence et facteurs associés à la bactériémie à entérobactéries productrices de β-lactamases à spectre étendu dans l'hôpital universitaire de Befelatanana, Madagascar Contexte: Les entérobactéries productrices de β-lactamases à spectre étendu (BLSE) sont une cause majeurede bactériémie nosocomiale. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de décrire le profil de résistance aux antibiotiques des entérobactéries productrices de BLSE responsables de bactériémie et d'identifier les facteurs associés à ces infections dans un hôpital universitaire de Madagascar.Méthodologie: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale descriptive de 300 patients sélectionnés au hasard présentantdes caractéristiques cliniques de bactériémie dont les hémocultures ont été traitées pour l'isolement etl'identification des bactéries pathogènes sur une période de six mois (octobre 2019 à mars 2020) au laboratoiredu Hôpital universitaire de Befelatanana. Les échantillons d'hémoculture ont été traités par une méthodemicrobiologique conventionnelle pour l'isolement des entérobactéries, qui ont été identifiées au niveau del'espèce à l'aide du système de test Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E®. La sensibilité aux antibiotiques dechaque isolat a été réalisée par la technique de diffusion sur disque et la production de BLSE a été détectée parla méthode «synergie».Résultats: Sur les 300 patients, 54 étaient positifs pour les bactéries, ce qui donne un taux de prévalence de18% pour une bactériémie microbiologiquement documentée. Parmi les 54 bactéries pathogènes, les isolatsd'entérobactéries constituaient 37 (68,5%), 23 (42,6%) produisant des BLSE et 14 (25,9%) isolats neproduisant pas de BLSE, 14 (25,9%) étaient des staphylocoques et 3 (5,6%) l'étaient isolats de streptocoques.Les 23 isolats (100%) de BLSE produisant des Enterobacteriaceae étaient tous résistants à l'amoxicilline, àl'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique et aux céphalosporines de troisième génération (3GC), 19 (82,6%) à lagentamycine et 18 (78,3%) au cotrimoxazole. En revanche, les isolats non producteurs de BLSE étaient plussensibles car seuls 10 (71%) étaient résistants à l'amoxicilline, 7 (50%) au cotrimoxazole, 2 (14%) àl'amoxicilline-acide clavulanique, 1 (7,1%) à la gentamycine, et aucun (0%) n'était résistant à la 3GC. Les 54isolats d'Enterobacteriaceae étaient tous sensibles à l'amikacine et à l'imipénème. L'âge de moins de 20 ans(93,8%) (p=0,001) et l'hospitalisation en unité de soins intensifs (90,9%) (p=0,04) étaient des facteurs derisque importants associés à l'infection par les entérobactéries productrices de BLSE.Conclusion: Les entérobactéries productrices de BLSE responsables de bactériémie à l'hôpital universitaire deBefelatanana, Madagascar, sont résistantes à de nombreuses classes d'antibiotiques. Les carbapénèmes etl'amikacine sont les antibiotiques de choix. Mots clés: BLSE, entérobactéries, bactériémie, résistance aux antibiotiques

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Martial, Rakotonirina, Rainibarijaona L. N. A., Rakotozanany Besaina, Randriamahavonjy Romuald, Tsifiregna R. L., Housni Ibrahim, and Hery Rakotovao A. "Chorioamnionitis at the Befelatanana university hospital centre of obstetric gynecology in Antananarivo Madagascar: epidemiology, taken care and forecast." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202707.

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Background: The chorioamnionitis corresponds to an infection of the ovular cavity. She puts game neonatal and maternal forecast. This study had as objectives to describe the epidemiological aspects, the taking care and the forecast of the chorioamnionitis to the gynecology teaching hospital and obstetrics Befelatanana, Madagascar.Methods: It is about a descriptive, retrospective and transverse study, during a period of 6 months going from January, 2016 till July 2016. The pregnant women introducing a premature break of membranes (RPM) complicated with chorioamnionitis hospitalized in CHU-GOB during this period had been included.Results: Authors found 35 cases of chorioamnionitis, that is 38.1% premature breaks of membranes. The medium age of the patients was 20±5, 16 years old (extreme from 17 to 36 years). Primiparous was found in 82.9%. The chorioamnionitis had happened in 68.5% cases after 37 weeks of amenorrhea. The delay between RPM and happened of chorioamnionitis was of 6 hours. The picture of chorioamnionitis was complete in 54.3%. Delivery was by low way in 33.3%. Authors had found 88.60% case of endometritis, 8.6% case of parietal suppuration post caesarian section but without any maternal decease. Neonatal complications were marked by a score of Apgar <7 - five minutes in 74.3%, neonatal infection in 25.7% and precocious neonatal decease in 11.4%.Conclusions: The chorioamniotite concerned primiparous especially young urgent. The application of the protocol of taking care of the premature break of membranes is necessary for the reduction of the happening of the chorioamniotitis.

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Ratsiatosika, Tanjona Andriamanetsiarivo, Romuald Randriamahavonjy, Andry Nirina Ravelojaona, Baco Abdallah Abasse, Housni Ibrahim, Ando-Miora Rakotonirina, Bienvenue Solange Rasoanandrianina, and Rakotovao Hery Andrianampanalinarivo. "Epidemiological profile, maternal and neonatal issue of uterine rupture at the Befelatanana Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183755.

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Background: Uterine rupture is an obstetric emergency. It involves the life of the mother and the fetus. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological-clinical profile of uterine rupture in Befelatanana Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital from January 2016 to April 2018.Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2016 to April 30, 2018 at the Befelatanana Hospital Centre of Gynecology-Obstetrics. All pregnant patients with uterine rupture were included.Results: We recorded 35 cases of uterine rupture in 13184 deliveries with a prevalence of 2.65%. The average age was 27.69±6.21 years old. More than half of the pregnant women attended at least four prenatal care consultations. Uterine rupture occurred after a vaginal delivery attempt outside the centre in 62.86%. There were 77.14% cases occurring on non-scarred uterus and 14.29% on mechanical dystocia. A case of fetal macrosomia has been reported. There were 28.57% maternal deaths and 51.43% perinatal deaths, half of which were fetal deaths in utero and the other half were early neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Uterine rupture remains high in Madagascar. Quality antenatal care and training of the personal would be needed.

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Mack, John. "Leonard Fox (ed. and tr.): Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar. 464 pp. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1990. £29.95." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, no. 3 (October 1992): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00004328.

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Kiady, Ravahatra, Rakotondrabe Iantsotiana Davidson, Rasoafaranirina Marie Odette, Tiaray Harison Michel, Nandimbiniaina Anjara, and Rakotoson Joëlson Lovaniaina. "Profil De Résistance Des Mycobabcterium Tuberculosis Des Malades En Retraitement Dans La Région De Haute Matsiatra, Madagascar." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 18 (June 30, 2017): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n18p465.

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Introduction: Relapse, failure and defaulted treatment are a risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to anti-tuberculosis. The objective of our study is to determine the resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of patients in retreatment at the Haute Matriatra area. Method: This is a retrospective, descriptive study carried out on the basis of the data contained in the register of the Haute Matsiatra Regional Tuberculosis Laboratory of the University Hospital of Fianarantsoa, from May 2014 to December 2016 (31 months). We included patients with retreatment in the study. Results: We found 138 patients in retreatment. The average age was 39.32 years with a sex ratio of 2.11. Resistance to Rifampicin and Isoniazid was respectively 2.17% and 2.82%, The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 0.72%. Conclusion: Tuberculosi resistance, monoresistance or multidrug resistance is a reality in the region of Haute Matsiatra with a prevalence that is still low, reflecting the effectiveness of the tuberculosis control program. However, monoresistances require special attention and monitoring to avoid the emergence of multidrug resistant strains.

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Ratsiatosika, Tanjona A., Marie Valerie Rajaonarivony, Romuald Randriamahavonjy, Lantonirina Rainibarijaona, Jean Eustache Fanomezantsoa, Martial Rakotonirina, and Pierana Gabriel Randaoharison. "Obstetrical and neonatal prognosis of a teenage primiparous pregnancy at the Zafisaona Gabriel Majunga university hospital center." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 4806. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20205213.

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Background: Women's fertility is early and high in Madagascar. Through this study, want to know the obstetric and neonatal risks in teenage primiparous pregnancies.Methods: Carried out a retrospective comparative study of teenage primiparous pregnancies who gave birth beyond 22 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) at the Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga university hospital between the period from January 1 to March 31, 2015. The control group is made up of first-time mothers aged 20 to 35 who gave birth in the same center.Results: The mean age of the patients was 16.77±1.12 years. In 43.1% of cases, the pregnancy was poorly followed. 22.41% of new-borns to adolescent mothers were hypotrophic at birth. Teenage primiparous pregnancies had a risk of poor pregnancy monitoring compared to their elders (RR: 2.17, 95% CI [1.35-3.47]) and a risk of giving birth to a low birth weight child (RR: 2.1, 95% CI [1.05-4.44]). The risk of preeclampsia, death in utero, caesarean section, instrumental extraction was identical between the two groups. Regarding the outcome of newborns, the frequency of premature birth, early neonatal infection, neonatal asphyxia, early neonatal death was not significant.Conclusions: Apart from fetal hypotrophy, adolescent girls have the same maternal, fetal and neonatal prognosis as their elders.

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SMITH, JAMES H. "Made in Madagascar: Sapphires, Ecotourism, and the Global Bazaar. Andrew Walsh. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. 128 pp." American Ethnologist 44, no. 1 (February 2017): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12463.

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Rakotovao-Ravahatra, Zafindrasoa Domoina, Fidiniana Mamy Randriatsarafara, and Andriamiadana Luc Rakotovao. "Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for lower respiratory tract infections seen in the University Hospital of Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar." African Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33472/afjbs.3.2.2021.36-41.

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Walters, Christine, Joel Komakech, Hasina Rakotomanana, and Barbara Stoecker. "Child Dietary Diversity, Household Food Insecurity, Child Stunting and Maternal Mental Health Symptoms in Vakinankaratra, Madagascar." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_146.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between child dietary diversity, household food insecurity, child stunting, and maternal mental health symptoms in the Vakinankaratra region of Madagascar. Methods This cross-sectional study included 391 mother-child dyads. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used for defining child dietary diversity and child stunting and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used for food insecurity scores. Maternal symptoms of common mental disorders were assessed using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), which was translated into Malagasy and pre-tested; a cutoff of seven was used to indicate the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for strata, cluster, and confounding variables were conducted with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results More than half (56.8%) of the mothers reported symptoms of common mental disorders and more than half of the children (69.4%) were stunted. The mean HFIAS score was 10.3 (±5.6) and mean child dietary diversity score was 3.0 (±1.31). Symptoms of common mental disorders were significantly associated with child dietary diversity score in the bivariate analysis but became nonsignificant in the final adjusted model (β = –0.22, P = 0.06, R2 = 0.07). In the adjusted model, having symptoms of common mental disorders was significantly associated with higher HFIAS score (β = 3.45, P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.13) and HFIAS scores were significantly associated with having symptoms of common mental disorders (AOR = 1.31 [1.09–1.17], P < 0.0001). Maternal symptoms of common mental disorders were significantly associated with stunting (AOR = 1.68 [1.02–2.78], P < 0.05). Conclusions Maternal mental health and household food insecurity were significantly associated in this rural area of the Vakinankaratra region in Madagascar. Furthermore, assessing maternal symptoms of common mental disorders and referring mothers for mental health care appears to be an important consideration for improving child stunting in the region. Funding Sources Oklahoma State University.

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R., Randriamahavonjy, Rakotonirina Andriamaro M., Ratsiatosika Andriamanetsiarivo T., Housni I., Abasse B. A., Rakototiana A. F., and Andrianampanalinarivo H. R. "Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the umbilical cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Obstetric Gynecology in Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183750.

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Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is a major obstetrical emergency that threatens the fetal prognosis during labor. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical profile of pulsatile cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetric Gynecology.Methods: It is about a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Antananarivo over a period of 3 years, from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2014. We have identified all cases of umbilical cord prolapse. We studied obstetric, neonatal and maternal parameters.Results: We found 70 cases of pulsatile umbilical cord prolapse, a prevalence of 0.28% of deliveries. The average age of the patients was 28 ± 3.2 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 43 years. Multiparous women predominated with (51.43%) Pregnancy was long term, with 71.43% of cases associated with placenta praevia, lateral prolapse of the limb, long cord and contracted pelvis. The prolapse of the cord was 1st degree with 44.29% of cases. All patients had received (100%) of oxygen therapy. Almost all patients were caesarized (95.71%). Neonatal complications were represented by admission to neonatal intensive care unit (32.86%), perinatal asphyxia (31.43%), prematurity (28.57%), neonatal infection (4.29%) and neonatal death (10%).Conclusions: The umbilical cord prolapse is relatively rare. Fetal extraction in the shortest possible time, especially when the cord is externalized, which is the main determining factor of neonatal prognosis.

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Sendrasoa, Fandresena Arilala, Naina Harinjara Razanakoto, Volatantely Ratovonjanahary, Onivola Raharolahy, Irina Mamisoa Ranaivo, Malalaniaina Andrianarison, Mendrika Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona, et al. "Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriasis Seen in the Department of Dermatology, Antananarivo, Madagascar." BioMed Research International 2020 (September 15, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9292163.

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Background. Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, and multifactorial dermatosis that impairs quality of life (QoL). Health-related QoL has become an important element in medical decision-making along with the effectiveness and the harmlessness of the treatments. Objective. To assess the impact of psoriasis in the QoL of patients with psoriasis by using the DLQI scales. Methods. A cross-sectional study from January to June 2018 was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar, including patients more than 18 years old with mild to severe psoriasis. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the “Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)”. QoL of patients with psoriasis was evaluated by using the DLQI scales. Results. 80 patients were included, their mean age was 36.5 years, and the male to female was 1.5 : 1. The mean DLQI score was 13.8. Symptoms, feelings, and psychic were the most altered dimensions. QoL was impaired in young patients, single, having medium level education. Even though patients with disease duration more than 5 years had higher DLQI score than other patients, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.36). Furthermore, the clinical presentation of psoriasis did not influence the patient’s QoL (p=0.73). Patients with nail involvement had QoL impaired but the difference with another localization was not statistically significant (p=0.2). The quality of life was influenced by body area involved. The higher the body surface area involved, the more QoL is impaired (p=0.002). Furthermore, the higher the PASI, the more QoL is altered (p=0.002). Conclusion. Psoriasis has a negative impact in the quality of life in Malagasy patients with psoriasis, especially in younger and single patients. Worse quality of life is correlated to severity of psoriasis.

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A. Ratsiatosika, Tanjona, Randriamahavonjy Romuald, Rainibarijaona A. Lantonirina, Housni I. A., Rakotonirina A. Martial, Said Ismael Mhoudine, Rakotonirina Ando-Miora, and Andrianampanalinarivo H. Rakotovao. "Uterine atony risk factor after vaginal delivery in a tertiary hospital in Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190310.

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Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in developing countries. Uterine atony is the cause in 80% of cases. Through this study, we want to determine risk factors for uterine atony after vaginal delivery route with oxytocin-mediated delivery.Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study ranging from January 1st 2017 to June 31st 2018 at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Gynecology-Obstetrics. The cases consisted of patients who had spontaneous vaginal delivery in the centre and had uterine atony. Authors studied maternal, obstetrical, neonatal parameters. Authors used the R software for the statistical analysis of the results.Results: We found 40 cases of uterine atony out of 5421 deliveries with a prevalence of 0,73%. The average age was 27.73 years old±6.46 years old (p=0.113). The average parity was 2.67±1.62 (p=0.22). The total duration of labor was 6.88±2.95 hours (p=0.0187). The average duration of rupture of the membrane was 5.80±11.90 hours (0.003376). We found as risk factor of uterine atony the increase in oxytocin infusion rate during labor (OR=18.67, 95% CI 2.21-157.57), the artificial rupture of membranes (OR=5, 27, 95% CI 2.11-13.19), artificial induction of labor (OR=7.08, 95% CI 2.06-24.28) and labor over six hours (OR=2.53, 95% CI) % 1.18-5.47). In univariate analysis, premature delivery and a hypotrophic fetus were a factor risk of uterine atony (OR=3.07, 95% CI 1.27-7.44 and OR=3.43 95% CI 1.48-8.09 respectively) but this risk is not statistically significant in multivariate analysis with logistic regression (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.40-3.84 and OR=2.19 95% CI 0.77-6.22). The main treatment was uterotonic drug use (72.5%). Authors identified seven cases of haemostasis hysterectomy and two cases of maternal death.Conclusions: Present study confirms risk factors for uterine atony already known as prolonged labor and increased oxytocic infusion rate. Unrecognized factors have been identified as a risk factor for uterine atony such as the duration of rupture of the membranes and artificial rupture of the membranes. A minimal inflammation hypothesis that reduces susceptibility to oxytocin may explain this association. Knowing these factors would reduce the occurrence of uterine atony to reduce maternal mortality.

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KULL, CHRISTIAN A. "ENVIRONMENTALISM AND FOREIGN AID IN MADAGASCAR - Corridors of Power: The Politics of Environmental Aid to Madagascar. By Catherine A. Corson. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016. Pp. xxiv + 305. $85.00, hardback (ISBN 9780300212273)." Journal of African History 59, no. 1 (March 2018): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853718000129.

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Glorien, Lemahafaka Jemissair, Rasaholiarison Nomena Finiavana, Rajaonarison Lala Andriamasinavalona, Razafimahefa Julien, Zodaly Noel, and Tehindrazanarivelo Alain Djacoba. "In-Hospital Evolution of Non Operated Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage at the Neurology Unit of Befelatanana University Teaching Hospital, Antananarivo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 24 (August 31, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n24p148.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage is defined as a sudden irruption of blood in subarachnoid spaces. This study aims to determine the profile and in-hospital evolution of patients with post aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, who did not have surgical treatment in the Neurology Unit of Befelatanana University Hospital, Antananarivo, Madagascar. This study was a descriptive retrospective study within a period of 4 years, from January 1st, 2014 to December 31th, 2017. The study was carried out in hospitalized patients for subarachnoid hemorrhage with aneurysmal origin. We included 52 patients, with an average age of 48 years and a female predominance. They are housewives in majority of cases. 52% of the cases live in urban areas while 77% of cases have high blood pressure. The main clinical manifestation was a sudden headache, and intracranial aneurysm was located at the anterior communicating artery in 52% of cases. All patients benefited from drug treatments in majority of cases. Due to the lack of financial means, 60% had neurological complications. However, in-hospital mortality rate was at 13%. This study helps us to suggest to our patients medical treatment of their subarachnoid hemorrhage during hospitalization because of difficult access to surgery. It also aims to propose surgery outside the acute phase of the disease.

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N. A., Rainibarijaona L., Randriamahavonjy R., Rakotonirina Andriamaro M., Ratsiatosika Andriamanetsiarivo T., Housni Ibrahim, Rasoanandrianina Bienvenue Solange, and Hery Rakotovao Andrianampanalalinarivo. "Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of uterine fibroids at the Befelatanana University hospital centre of obstetric gynecology of Antananarivo, Madagascar." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184476.

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Background: Leiomyomas or fibromyomas more commonly referred as uterine fibroids are the most common tumors of the female genital tract. They affect 20 to 25% of women in genital activity. The objective of present study is to describe the epidemiological and therapeutic profile of uterine fibroids at the UHCOBG.Methods: Retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with uterine fibroids hospitalized in the department of gynecology of the UHCOBG between January 2015 and December 2016.Results: In total, 101 cases of uterine fibroids have been identified with a prevalence of 3.92%. The average age is 42.75±3.6 years old. The most affected age group varies from 35 to 45 years old. Thirty-eight-point six percent of the patients were pauciparous. The medical history of irregular menstrual cycle disorders was present in 17.8% of the cases. The symptomatology was dominated by menometrorrhagia (78.2%) and in 67.3% of the cases, patients had anemia. The majority of patients (64.4%) had poly-myomatous uterus which fibroid location was predominantly corporeal (92.1%), isthmic (21.8%), and three quarters of the mapping was interstitial. Complications were dominated by aseptic necrobiosis (7.9%) and conservative treatment in 68.3% of the cases. Laparotomy is the pillar of a surgical treatment. The duration of hospitalization was short in 77.2% of the cases, 91.1% had a good progress and no death was noticed during 2 years.Conclusions: This is the first operative indication of all gynecological pathologies in present UHC and proves to be a real public health problem. The development of operative laparoscopy is necessary to reduce the morbidity associated with treatment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Université de Madagascar'

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