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Journal articles on the topic 'University of Goettingen'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Schwab, Sebastian. "Die Wiederaufnahme des akademischen Betriebs an der Göttinger Juristischen Fakultät nach 1945 bis ca. 1949." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 137, no. 1 (2020): 469–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2020-0010.

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AbstractThe resumption of academic life at the Law Faculty of Goettingen University 1945–1949. Full professors at German law faculties after World War II have been the subject of extensive research. But little is known about other academic staff, the students or the way the rules of their examinations were made. In this article, Goettingen’s Law school serves as an example of how things and people changed or continued after supposed “Stunde Null”.

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Schröder, Bernd, and Monika E. Fuchs. "Religionslehrerausbildung an der Universität Göttingen – aufs Neue betrachtet." Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 66, no. 2 (2014): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2014-0205.

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Abstract The authors describe recent changes within syllabuses for the formation of RE teachers at Goettingen University. Comparing the data given here with those given by a former report from 2007, readers will be able to reconstruct major changes in the course of study due to the so-called Bologna reform. Like seven years before, the article additionally offers some deepening insights into an opinion poll amongst students regarding their own academic years. Finally, some critical remarks regarding the impact of “Bologna” can be found.

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Kreysing, Matthias. "Autonomy, accountability, and organizational complexity in higher education: the Goettingen model of university reform." Journal of Educational Administration 40, no. 6 (2002): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578230210446036.

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Schneider, Michael C. "Das wissenschaftliche Unternehmen." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no. 2 (2017): 163–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-1003.

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Abstract:The scientific enterprise. Chemical-pharmaceutical research at E. Merck, Darmstadt, ca. 1900 to 1930This article deals with the development of academic research within the pharmaceutical firm E. Merck, Darmstadt, between 1900 and 1930. One main purpose is to clarify to what extent the widespread notion is justified that external research gave way for internal research in order to maintain a leading position in innovativeness. Therefore the article analyses the way of co-operation between Merck and Richard Willstätter in the case of cocaine-synthesis around 1900, and the co-operation with Adolf Windaus with regard to vitamin D during the 1920s. The article concludes that internal research was indeed intensified during the interwar period, on the one hand. But this development is, on the other hand, better understood as a necessary precondition if the firm wanted prospectively be able to participate at novel developments in vitamin chemistry. The co-operation between the chemical laboratory of the university of Goettingen, the Merck research laboratory, and the pharmaceutical laboratory of I.G. Farbenindustrie AG are more aptly interpreted as an interconnected research network in which each part contributed original insights and, occasionally, breakthroughs.

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Mewes, Caspar, Tessa Alexander, Benedikt Büttner, et al. "TIM-3 Genetic Variants Are Associated with Altered Clinical Outcome and Susceptibility to Gram-Positive Infections in Patients with Sepsis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218318.

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Background: Previous studies have reported the fundamental role of immunoregulatory proteins in the clinical phenotype and outcome of sepsis. This study investigated two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), which has a negative stimulatory function in the T cell immune response. Methods: Patients with sepsis (n = 712) were prospectively enrolled from three intensive care units (ICUs) at the University Medical Center Goettingen since 2012. All patients were genotyped for the TIM-3 SNPs rs1036199 and rs10515746. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Disease severity and microbiological findings were secondary endpoints. Results: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly lower 28-day mortality for TIM-3 rs1036199 AA homozygous patients compared to C-allele carriers (18% vs. 27%, p = 0.0099) and TIM-3 rs10515746 CC homozygous patients compared to A-allele carriers (18% vs. 26%, p = 0.0202). The TIM-3 rs1036199 AA genotype and rs10515746 CC genotype remained significant predictors for 28-day mortality in the multivariate Cox regression analysis after adjustment for relevant confounders (adjusted hazard ratios: 0.67 and 0.70). Additionally, patients carrying the rs1036199 AA genotype presented more Gram-positive and Staphylococcus epidermidis infections, and rs10515746 CC homozygotes presented more Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Conclusion: The studied TIM-3 genetic variants are associated with altered 28-day mortality and susceptibility to Gram-positive infections in sepsis.

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Stoppe, G., V. Paseka, and R. Knaus. "Lay Help for the Caregivers of Demented Outpatients: Impact on Health Status of Patients, Caregivers and Lay Helpers." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71340-9.

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International studies showed that caregiver interventions are efficacious especially when they provide the possibility to be free from caregiver role for some hours. Up to now there is no research available concerning the impact on the psychological and physical health of the involved persons.In a program developed by the memory clinic of University of Goettingen, Germany, and a diaconic social service provider, 64 lay helpers were trained for their role in a 40-hours-course. after informed consent, at three times (T0, T1 (after 6 months), T2 (after 1 year), lay helpers, caregivers and the demented patients were interviewed and standard scales were used (SCL-90, BDI, MMSE, GDS, BEHAVE-AD, NOSGER, IADL, RuD, Adult Attachment Scale etc.).31 demented patients were included, however from only 16 results at T2 could be obtained. Most patients werde moderately to severely impaired. However, during the study, their mood, mobility and circadian stability improved. the situation of the caregivers remained stable, the lay helpers showed no “negative” trends except for the result that their attitude to ageing significantly deteriorated.The data should be interpreted with caution because of the low number of persons included and the lack of a control group. in addition lay help is typically variable and other external factors might influence the results. However, because of the broad range of parameters investigated, interesting results are nevertheless worth discussion.

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Enderle, Wilfried. "The Integration of Internet Resources into a Library’s Special Subject Services – the Example of the History Guide of the State and University Library of Goettingen." LIBER Quarterly 10, no. 3 (2000): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/lq.7606.

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Gradel, Alexander, Ochirragchaa Nadaldorj, Aleksandr A. Altaev, Aleksandr A. Voinkov, and Enkhtuya Bazarradnaa. "Spatial distribution of trees on light taiga plots before selective thinning." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, no. 2 (2015): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v15i2.553.

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Since 2009 the School of Agroecology and Business, Institute of Plant and Agricultural Sciences of the Mongolian University of Life Sciences in Darkhan has established research plots in two research areas in the Selenge aimag. The establishment was conducted in close cooperation with development organisations (FAO, GIZ) and the University of Goettingen. The purpose of the research initiative is to combine capacity development and monitoring of forest structure in the mountain forest steppe zone and taiga zone. Here we report results on the horizontal spatial structure of forest stands. We analysed the spatial distribution of trees on birch and larch plots of the research area «Altansumber» before a selective thinning took place on some plots in 2009. The research area is situated in the mountain forest steppe zone. The forests belong to the light taiga. The selected stands approach a chronosequence. The results showed that the tree distributions were mainly irregular («clumped»).Random spatial tree distribution occurred especially in the medium-aged birch stand. We found no indication of regular tree distributions in any of the plots. We assume that the disturbance regime and successional processes are the driving factors leading to the specific tree distribution pattern on the plots. Due to different regeneration strategies and life span of the dominating species the birch stands and the larch stands seem to differ slightly concerning the chronological occurrence of clumped and random spatial tree distribution. We finally conclude that a better control of the disturbance regime would not only support an undisturbed forest succession to riper forest stands but also result in less forest stands with irregular spatial distribution. This may also have implications on forest productivity.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 91-99

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Schmalz, Gerhard, Markus Bartl, Jan Schmickler, Susann Patschan, Daniel Patschan, and Dirk Ziebolz. "Tooth Loss Is Associated with Disease-Related Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis—A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14 (2021): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143052.

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Background: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate potential associations between periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and tooth loss with disease-related parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Patients who attended the Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany, were included. The oral examination comprised the detection of the number of remaining teeth and periodontal condition based on staging and grading matrix. Based on periodontal pockets with positive bleeding on probing, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was determined. Disease related parameters were extracted from the patients’ records. Results: In total, 101 (RA) and 32 participants (AS) were included. Patients with RA had 22.85 ± 4.26 and AS patients 24.34 ± 5.47 remaining teeth (p < 0.01). Periodontitis stage III and IV was present in 91% (RA) and 81.2% (AS) of patients (p = 0.04). Associations between PISA and disease-related parameters were not found in both groups (p > 0.05). In RA, a higher age (p < 0.01), C-reactive protein (p = 0.02), disease activity (p < 0.01) and prednisolone intake (p < 0.01) were associated with fewer remaining teeth. In AS, a higher age (p = 0.02) and increased Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (p = 0.02) were associated with a lower number of remaining teeth. Conclusions: Tooth loss is associated with disease activity, especially in RA individuals. Dental care to prevent tooth loss might be recommendable to positively influence oral health condition and disease activity in RA and SA patients.

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Pokorny, Lukas. "East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts. By Chun-ChiehHuang. Global East Asia, Volume 1. Goettingen/Taipei: V&R Unipress/National Taiwan University Press, 2015. Pp. 298. Hardcover, $57.00." Religious Studies Review 44, no. 1 (2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsr.13369.

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Motsnyi, F. V. "Nobel Prize Level Scientific Discoveries of a Heir of Zaporizhian Cossacks." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.15.

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In this work, three fundamental discoveries of the Ukraine-born Prof. George A. Gamow are presented from a single scientific and methodological point of view. Each of them is truly worth of the Nobel Prize – the most prestigious recognition of achievements of a scientist. We trace the emergence of G. Gamow as one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century – encyclopaedist, theoretical physicist by heart, astrophysicist and biophysicist, talented and brilliant popularizer of science, whose works are readable in one go, as well as the author of unforgettable pranks and jokes.  Gamow was a Fellow of the Danish Royal Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the International Astronomical Union, the American Physical Society, an honorary doctor of countless universities. Although his name is little known in Ukraine, the history of science would be incomplete without him.  From an early age G. Gamow has shown a great interest in scientific research, using a microscope to look for erythrocytes and a telescope to observe the Halley comet. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Leningrad State University, where he followed classes of Professor O. Friedman, founder of the evolutionary cosmology. He has undergone training at the University of Goettingen, the center of theoretical physics at the time, worked for Nobel Prize winners Professors E. Rutherford and N. Bohr. At the age of 28, G. Gamow, by the recommendation of academician V. Vernadskyi, became the member of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, the youngest member in the entire history of its existence. Throughout his life, G. Gamow was interested in the fundamental scientific problems and made numerous world-class discoveries that are written by golden letters in the treasury of the human civilization. He has found explanation to the E. Rutherford’s experiments with alpha particles (tunnelling effect); introduced the empirical formula of Geiger – Nettoll, connecting the energy of alpha particles to the half-life of radioactive nuclei. G. Gamow is one of the pioneers of the liquid-drop model of a nucleus, and the application of nuclear physics to the evolution of stars. He proposed a fantastic hypothesis about the early universe, suggesting it being not only super dense but also very hot. He also built the Big Bang theory, which led to the existence of relic radiation (space microwave background) with the characteristic temperature of 5–7 degrees above the absolute zero, detected by methods of radio astronomy. He proposed a triplet model of the genetic code - the alphabet of life with three-letter words, experimentally proven by X-ray structural studies of DNA and empirically established rules of E. Chargaff. These discoveries have greatly contributed not only to the development of the modern science, but to the industrial and economic expansion of humanity.

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Stanley, Tim. "Doris Behrens-Abouseif (ed.): The Arts of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria – Evolution and Impact. (Mamluk Studies.) 351 pp., 150 figures. Goettingen: Bonn University Press at V&R unipress GmbH, 2012. €160. ISBN 978 3 89971 915 4." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76, no. 2 (2013): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x1300013x.

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Reckel, Johannes. "Реформы современного ойрат-калмыцкого языка и литературы в XX веке". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, № 3 (2020): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-349-369.

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Introduction. The Oirats are Western Mongols, today living between the Altai mountains, the river Volga, the Kukunor Area, the Ili River and Kyrgyzstan. In 1648, Zaya Pandita from the Hoshut (Hoshud) tribe of the Oirats created the ‘Clear Script’ (Oir. Todo Bičig), nowadays also known as Oirat Script. This script was originally meant to be used as a reformed script by all Mongols, but it caught on with the Western Mongols, the Dzungars (Oirats, Kalmyks), only. The 20th century witnessed the introduction of new writing standards for individual groups of Oirats/Kalmyks in the Soviet Union (Russia), China and Mongolia, which led to a weakening of the West Mongolian identity. Three of the most influential Kalmyk scholars, who worked on the reform of the written language and who were active as teachers and researchers in Tashkent, Sinkiang and Western Mongolia in the 1920s and 1930s, were Aksen Suseev, Iǰil Čürüm and Ceren Dorži Nominhanov. Goals. The study aims to investigate the connection between ethnic identity and (written) language against the background of global political upheavals. The work focuses on the change of the Oirat written language in Sinkiang (Xinjiang) in a multi-ethnic region compared to the Kalmyk written language in Russia, as well as the Oirat language in Mongolia over the past 100 years. Materials. The research project, given as an outline in the following article, analyzes schoolbooks, dictionaries, grammars and other printed materials of the 20th and 21st centuries in the West Mongolian Oirat script collected in Sinkiang Kalmykia since 1986. Results. Since the 1940s, the Oirats in Sinkiang have been taking up a development in their reformed written language that was originally initiated in Kalmykia by Kalmyk scholars during the period of 1915–1938, but was not carried on there due to the political conditions which resulted in the deportation of the Kalmyks to Siberia in 1943. After the return of the Kalmyks to Kalmykia since 1957/58 the old traditions were broken, and the development of the written language focused solely on the use of a modified Cyrillic alphabet. The community based on a common script of the Kalmyks and Oirats – in China, Russia (Kalmykia) and Western Mongolia – broke up, and the three or four groups went their separate ways. For example, the orthography and grammar of the Oirat written language in reformed Todo Bičig in Sinkiang is not standardized until today. The Oirats in Mongolia, like the Oirats in Kyrgyzstan, no longer have their own written language in which they can express themselves in writing. Another desideratum is a textbook of modern Kalmyk and modern Sinkiang Oirat for Western students and scholars. Although some institutions and scholars have some Oirat language archives, like the State and University Library Goettingen has good collection of Kalmyk-Oirat and Mongolian literature, there are a lot of aspects to deal with.

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Christiansen-Ruffman, Linda. "Book Review: Individual Voices, Collective Visions: Fifty Years of Women in Sociology, edited by Ann Goetting and Sarah Fenstermaker. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995." Critical Sociology 23, no. 1 (1997): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089692059702300106.

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Sutela, Pekka. "Book Reviews : Jon Elster, Claus Offe and Ulrich K. Preuss, with Frank Boenker, Ulrike Goetting and Friedbert W. Rueb: Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies: Rebuilding the Ship at Sea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998." Acta Sociologica 42, no. 3 (1999): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000169939904200312.

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Janos, Andrew C. "Institutional Design in Post- Communist Societies: Rebuilding the Ship at Sea. By Jon Elster, Claus Offe, and Ulrich K. Preuss, with Frank Boenker, Ulrike Goetting, and Friedbert W. Rueb. Theories of Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xi, 350 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Tables. $59.95, hard bound. $18.95, paper." Slavic Review 58, no. 1 (1999): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2672997.

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Welsh, Ian. "Institutional design in post-communist societies: rebuilding the ship at sea. J. Elster, C. Offe and U.K. Preuss with F. Boennker, U. Goetting and F.W. Rueb, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 0 521 47931 2. £14.95 (reprint pending) (paperback), ISBN 0 521 47386 1. £40.00 (hardback). xii+350 pp." Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 1, no. 3 (1999): 264–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7200(199911)1:3<264::aid-jepp20>3.0.co;2-5.

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Filner, Matthew F. "Moving to Opportunity: The Story of an American Experiment to Fight Ghetto Poverty. By Xavier de Souza Briggs, Susan J. Popkin, and John Goering. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 320p. $99.00 cloth, $19.95 paper. - Mobilizing Communities: Asset Building as a Community Development Strategy. Edited by Gary Paul Green and Ann Goetting. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010. 204p. $59.95. - Sprawl, Justice, and Citizenship: The Civic Costs of the American Way of Life. By Thad Williamson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 416p. $35.00 cloth, $24.95 paper." Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 3 (2012): 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153759271200148x.

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Bahi, Muhammad, and Rinaldi Idroes. "ISOLASI ANTIBIOTIK REDUKTIOMISIN DARI BAKTERI TERRESTRIAL Streptomyces sp." Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v7i2.925.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan isolasi dan penentuan aktivitas mikrobial senyawa bioaktif reduktiomisin dari bakteri Streptomyces sp. Ank181 daratan (terrestrial). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium kimia organik, Institute of Organic and Biomoleculare Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Germany. Isolat dan subkultur agar bakteri Streptomyces sp. Ank181 diperoleh dari koleksi sampel genus Streptomyces Professor Dr. H. Anke, Institute for Biotechnology and Drug Research, Kaiserslautern, Germany. Struktur reduktiomisin dalam penelitian ini dielusidasi berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan spektrometri massa. Tiga senyawa metabolit sekunder telah berhasil diisolasi dan diidentifikasi dari bakteri tanah genus Streptomyces sp. Ank181, yaitu reduktiomisin, asam 2,3-dihidroksibenzoat, dan asam indole-3-karboksilat. Hasil uji antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa reduktiomisin bersifat bioaktif terhadap bakteri, jamur dan sitotoksik terhadap Artemia salina.

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"596 Poster Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: the university of Goettingen experience since 1995." Radiotherapy and Oncology 64 (September 2002): S184—S185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(02)82904-8.

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Miessner, Michael. "Studentification in Germany: How investors generate profits from student tenants in Goettingen and the impacts on urban segregation." European Urban and Regional Studies, July 21, 2020, 096977642093485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776420934850.

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This paper presents a study about studentification in the medium-sized university town of Goettingen, Germany. While many studentification studies focus on the transformation of owner-occupied houses into houses of multiple occupation, this study is about displacement in the rental housing market. I argue that within this context, the displacement of marginalised social groups takes place through rental prices and private landlords’ preferences for students of higher education. Hence, I focus on how landlords extract high rents from their property without making serious investments and investigate landlords’ strategies for increasing their return on investment via higher education student tenants. I explain their strategies, grounding this research in semi-structured interviews with landlords, property managers and real estate agents, complemented by statistical data. I show that different rental strategies landlords apply lead to the separation of different social groups. Hence, this paper argues that the strategies of landlords have an important impact on urban segregation and urban development in cities. Therefore, a deeper investigation of these strategies would help us achieve a better understanding of how the process of studentification proceeds and how displacement takes place.

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Dowe, J. L., M. E. Reiner-Drehwald, M. S. Appelhans, and E. Hörandl. "The Wendlands of Herrenhausen Gardens (Hanover, Germany): a study of their Australian plant specimens in the herbarium of the University of Goettingen (GOET)." Australian Systematic Botany, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb18020.

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Between 1778 and 1903, three successive generations of the Wendland family were Court Gardeners at the Royal Gardens of Herrenhausen, Hanover, Germany. In addition to their horticultural responsibilities, they published several important taxonomic accounts, some involving Australian plants. Johann Christoph Wendland (1755–1828) (J.C.Wendl.) established the endemic Australian genera Angianthus J.C.Wendl. (Asteraceae), Hakea Schrad. &amp; J.C.Wendl. (Proteaceae) and Waitzia J.C.Wendl. (Asteraceae), and provided novel work on Melaleuca L. (Myrtaceae) and Acacia Mill. (as Mimosa L; Fabaceae); Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1792–1869) (H. L.Wendl.) provided novel and revisionary work on Acacia and Leptospermum J.R.Forst. &amp; G.Forst. (Myrtaceae); and Hermann Wendland (1825–1903) (H. Wendl.) specialised in the palms (Arecaceae) and wrote Palmae Australasicae with Oscar Drude, the foundational work on Australian palms. A search of all the databases and other references accessible to us has resulted in the identification of ~148 names of Australian plants in which the author citation includes any of the three Wendlands. Of these, ~30 are the currently accepted names. Lectotypes are here proposed for the names Acacia amoena H.L.Wendl., A. crassiuscula H.L.Wendl., A. dolabriformis H.L.Wendl., A. emarginata H.L.Wendl., A. homomalla H.L.Wendl., Aster tomentosus J.C.Wendl., Leptospermum buxifolium H.L.Wendl., L. emarginatum H.L.Wendl. ex Link, L. glomeratum H.L.Wendl., Melaleuca linearis Schrad. &amp; J.C.Wendl., M. thea Schrad. &amp; J.C.Wendl., Passiflora glabra J.C.Wendl., Protea nectarina J.C.Wendl., P. pulchella Schrad. &amp; J.C.Wendl., Pultenaea daphnoides J.C.Wendl., P. linophylla Schrad. &amp; J.C.Wendl., P. retorta J.C.Wendl. and Tristania subverticillata H.L.Wendl. Figures are provided of all the proposed lectotypes housed in GOET.

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Timäus, Charles, Miriam Meiser, Borwin Bandelow, et al. "Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: what has changed over two decades? A retrospective evaluation of clinical practice." BMC Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2377-z.

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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacological treatment strategies of inpatients with borderline personality disorder between 2008 and 2012. Additionally, we compared pharmacotherapy during this period to a previous one (1996 to 2004). Methods Charts of 87 patients with the main diagnosis of borderline personality disorder receiving inpatient treatment in the University Medical Center of Goettingen, Germany, between 2008 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. For each inpatient treatment, psychotropic drug therapy including admission and discharge medication was documented. We compared the prescription rates of the interval 2008–2012 with the interval 1996–2004. Results 94% of all inpatients of the interval 2008–2012 were treated with at least one psychotropic drug at time of discharge. All classes of psychotropic drugs were applied. We found high prescription rates of naltrexone (35.6%), quetiapine (19.5%), mirtazapine (18.4%), sertraline (12.6%), and escitalopram (11.5%). Compared to 1996–2004, rates of low-potency antipsychotics, tri−/tetracyclic antidepressants and mood stabilizers significantly decreased while usage of naltrexone significantly increased. Conclusions In inpatient settings, pharmacotherapy is still highly prevalent in the management of BPD. Prescription strategies changed between 1996 and 2012. Quetiapine was preferred, older antidepressants and low-potency antipsychotics were avoided. Opioid antagonists are increasingly used and should be considered for further investigation.

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Ilse, Benjamin, Bernd Alt-Epping, Albrecht Günther, Jan Liman, and Alfred Simon. "Clinical Ethics Consultation in Neurology – a case series." BMC Neurology 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-021-02244-2.

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Abstract Background The concept of clinical ethics consultation (CECs) was implemented to provide support in ethical controversies in clinical settings and are offered in at least every second hospital in Germany. Neurological disorders often require complex decision-making. The aims of this study were to determine which situations lead to CEC in neurology and to investigate the influence of the individual patient’s wishes on the recommendation. Methods Standardised CEC protocols in the years 2011 to 2017 at the University Hospitals of Goettingen and Jena were retrospectively surveyed. The contents were categorised along existing protocol templates of CEC scenarios and subsequently paraphrased and reduced to significant meanings. Results 27 CEC scenarios which were facilitated by various professional disciplines were reviewed. Stroke was the most frequent underlying condition. Nearly all patients were not able to consent. Mostly, the relatives acted as representatives or health advocates. In 67 % of cases, a sense of conflict triggered a CEC; in 33 % a sense of uncertainty was the reason for the CEC request. In 21 CEC scenarios, a recommendation was reached in consensus with all parties involved. In 59 % of cases, a decision was made to continue medical therapy. In seven cases, the patient’s wishes led to a limitation of therapy, while in just two cases this decision was made primarily relying on the patient’s best interest. In only 13 % of cases, a valid advance directive led to respective therapeutic consequences. Conclusions CEC is feasible for consensus-finding not only in conflicts, but also in situations of therapeutic uncertainty in neurology. There is a special importance of the patient’s wishes in decision-making in neurology. However, only in a few cases were advance directives precise and specific enough to have sufficient and decisive weight in therapeutic decision-making.

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Thi Thanh Hai, Pham, Tran Thi Hoai, and Nguyen Kieu Oanh. "Internationalization of Higher Education in the Autonomy Context: A Case Study of Vietnam National University, Hanoi." VNU Journal of Science: Education Research 35 (June 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1159/vnuer.4256.

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In the movement of integration and development in Vietnam, universities are moving from centralized management to subsidized decentralization and strengthening the autonomy of universities to meet the goals of the innovation and integration phase. This paper would evaluate the international identity in Vietnam and at Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) in the context of higher education autonomy. A number of policy factors affect international cooperation at the VNU; The role of scholarly exchanges for students, lecturers in the context of international integration; the impact of international affiliate programs to the internationalization of higher education at VNU. Keywords VNU, Vietnam, autonomy, internationalization, higher education References [1] N.V. Varghese, Michaela Martin, Governance reform in higher education: a study of institutional autonomy in Asian countries. Pg. 22. International institute for educational planning, 2014. [2] M. Kreysing, Autonomy, accountability, and organizational complexity in higher education: the Goettingen model of university reform, Journal of Educational Administration. 40(6) 2002) 552 Emerald Publishing Limited.[3] D. Anderson, R. Johnson, University Autonomy in Twenty Countries. Pg 20. Australia. Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs, 1998.[4] P. Koudelková, W. Strielkowski, D. Hejlova, Corruption and System Change in the Czech Republic: Firm-level Evidence, Law and Economics Review. 6(1) (2015) 2546.[5] J.V. Thomas, Ben Wikinson, Vietnamese Higher education: Crisis and Response, Memoradum Higher Education Task Force Nov 2008, USA, Harvard Kenedy School, ASH Institue, 2008. [6] Pham Thi Thanh Hai, Autonomy and Accountability of Higher Education In the process of innovation and international integration in Vietnam. Vietnam. Science Journal, VNU Human and Social Sciences University. 3(1b) (2017) 87-97.[7] I. Moses, Institutional Autonomy Revisited: Autonomy Justified and Accounted, Higher Education Policy. 20 (2007) 261-274. [8] J. Knight, Internationalization brings important beneﬁts as well as risks, International Higher education. 46 (2007) 8-10. [9] Vietnam National Assembly, Laws on Education, Educational Publishing House, 2005.[10] Vietnam National Assembly, Laws on Higher Education, Educational Publishing House, 2012.[11] Bui Tu, Đại học Ngoại thương: Thực hiện thí điểm tự chủ là cơ hội lớn, Financial Times. (2007http://thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn/pages/nhip-song-tai-chinh/2017-08-11/dai-hoc-ngoai-thuong-thuc-hien-thi-diem-tu-chu-la-co-hoi-lon-46550.aspx)/, [12] Prime Minister, University Charter, Decree 58/2010/QĐ-TTg, 2010.[13] Prime Minister, University Charter, Decree 70/2010/QĐ-TTg, 2014.[14] Vietnam Government, Resolution 77/NQ-CP. Piloting innovative mechanisms of action for public higher education institutions during 2014-2017 period, 2014. [15] Vietnam Government, Socio-Economic Development Plan 2006-2010, Resolution No. 25/2006/NQ-CP, 2016.[16] Vietnam Government, Fundamentally and Comprehensively Innovation of Vietnam Higher Education, Resolution 14/2005/NQ-CP, 2005.[17] The Prime Minister, Approval of ‘scheme on using national budget to pay for training staffs conducting research on science and engineering working in foreign countries. Decision 322/2000/QĐ-TTg, 2000.[18] The Prime Minister, Approval of “scheme on training lecturers with PhD degree at universities and colleges in the period 2010-2020”, Decision 911/QĐ-TTg, 2010.[19] The Prime Minister, Approval of “scheme on using national budget to pay for training staffs in foreign countries in the period 2013-2020”, Decision 599/QĐ-TTg, 2013.

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