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Journal articles on the topic 'University of Malawi. College of Medicine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 February 2023

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1

Muula, Adamson S. "The Kamuzu University of Health Sciences: a “semi” new university is born in Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v33i2.1.

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Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been identified On 4th May 2021, a new university, the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS) started its operations in Malawi following the notice of its commencement by the Ministry of Education. The (semi) new university emerged from the amalgamation of two (former) constituent colleges of the University of Malawi (UNIMA), i.e. the Kamuzu College of Nursing (KCN) and the College of Medicine (CoM).

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2

Dahlenburg, Geoffrey W. "Letter from … Malawi: The First Year of the College of Medicine of the University of Malawi." Tropical Doctor 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559302300104.

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3

Muula, Adamson S., Wakisa Mulwafu, Diston Chiweza, and Ronald Mataya. "Reflections on the first twenty-five years of the University of Malawi College of Medicine." Malawi Medical Journal 28, no. 3 (October 19, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v28i3.2.

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4

Hoffmann, Diane E., Chikosa Banda, and Kassim Amuli. "Laying the Foundation for an Interprofessional, Comparative Health Law Clinic: Teaching Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 3 (2014): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12156.

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In June 2013, faculty from the University of Maryland Carey School of Law, along with students from the law school and several health professional schools at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, visited Malawi, in southeast Africa. While there, they met with faculty and students at the University of Malawi Chancellor College to discuss the possibility of establishing an ongoing collaboration between the two universities’ law schools. The starting point for our discussion was the potential establishment of a multi-professional, comparative health law clinic that would focus on serving individuals living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA). This goal would serve two objectives of the Law & Health Care Program (L&HCP) at Maryland: to increase interprofessional education (IPE) opportunities and to expose law students to more global health law issues. Establishing this clinic would also be consistent with two strategic objectives of the University of Malawi Faculty of Law: to establish links with other law schools providing clinical legal education, and to contribute to Malawi’s efforts to solve HIV/AIDS-related problems.

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Dahlenburg, Geoffrey W. "Report (Tropical Doctor) Letter from ... Malawi: the first year of the College of Medicine of the University of Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 28, no. 3 (October 19, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v28i3.6.

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Chizengo-Thawani, Annie Tamara, and Lester Brian Shawa. "Institutional Organisation of Distance Secondary School Teacher Training in Malawi:." International Journal of African Higher Education 9, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v9i2.15369.

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There is a paucity of research on the institutional organisation of distance education. This article stems from a larger project that explored the learning implications of distance secondary school teacher training in Malawi. Drawing on the industrial education theory, it focuses on the nature of institutional organisation of distance teacher training at Domasi College of Education and Mzuzu University. Data were collected by means of semi-structured in-depth interviews with two administrators and two instructors, as well as document analysis. This study revealed challenges relating to the one-size-fits-all approach to the institutional organisation of distance teacher training in terms of distance education systems; their functions and coordination; documentation of plans; and instructional material design. This points to a lack of lucid planning for open and distance education in Malawi. Based on the findings, recommendations are offered to improve the country’s distance education system. Key words: Institutional organisation, distance secondary school teacher training, Malawi

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Swarthout, Todd D., Ana Ibarz-Pavon, Gift Kawalazira, George Sinjani, James Chirombo, Andrea Gori, Peter Chalusa, et al. "A pragmatic health centre-based evaluation comparing the effectiveness of a PCV13 schedule change from 3+0 to 2+1 in a high pneumococcal carriage and disease burden setting in Malawi: a study protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e050312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050312.

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IntroductionStreptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is commonly carried as a commensal bacterium in the nasopharynx but can cause life-threatening disease. Transmission occurs by human respiratory droplets and interruption of this process provides herd immunity. A 2017 WHO Consultation on Optimisation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) Impact highlighted a substantial research gap in investigating why the impact of PCV vaccines in low-income countries has been lower than expected. Malawi introduced the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) into the national Expanded Programme of Immunisations in 2011, using a 3+0 (3 primary +0 booster doses) schedule. With evidence of greater impact of a 2+1 (2 primary +1 booster dose) schedule in other settings, including South Africa, Malawi’s National Immunisations Technical Advisory Group is seeking evidence of adequate superiority of a 2+1 schedule to inform vaccine policy.MethodsA pragmatic health centre-based evaluation comparing impact of a PCV13 schedule change from 3+0 to 2+1 in Blantyre district, Malawi. Twenty government health centres will be randomly selected, with ten implementing a 2+1 and 10 to continue with the 3+0 schedule. Health centres implementing 3+0 will serve as the direct comparator in evaluating 2+1 providing superior direct and indirect protection against pneumococcal carriage. Pneumococcal carriage surveys will evaluate carriage prevalence among children 15–24 months, randomised at household level, and schoolgoers 5–10 years of age, randomly selected from school registers. Carriage surveys will be conducted 18 and 33 months following 2+1 implementation.AnalysisThe primary endpoint is powered to detect an effect size of 50% reduction in vaccine serotype (VT) carriage among vaccinated children 15–24 months old, expecting a 14% and 7% VT carriage prevalence in the 3+0 and 2+1 arms, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Malawi College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC; Ref: P05.19.2680), the University College London Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 8603.002) and the University of Liverpool Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 5439). The results from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04078997.

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Lampiao, Fanuel. "What do Male Students at the College of Medicine of the University of Malawi Say About Semen Donation?" TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 12, no. 1 (2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/pmb.1-1333353810.

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Udedi, Michael Mphatso, Brian W. Pence, Felix Kauye, and Adamson S. Muula. "Study protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of depression management on gylcaemic control in non-communicable diseases clinics in Malawi." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (October 2018): e021601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021601.

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IntroductionDepression is associated with negative patient outcomes for chronic diseases and likely affects consistent physical non-communicable diseases (NCDs) care management in relation to clinic attendance and medication adherence. We found no published studies on the integration of depression management in physical NCD clinics in Malawi and assessing its effects on patient and service outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating depression screening and management in physical NCD routine care on patient and service outcomes in Malawi. We will also determine the sensitivity and specificity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in the detection of depression in NCD clinics.Methods and analysisThe study will have two phases. Phase I will involve the validation of the PHQ-9 screening tool for depression, using a cross-sectional study design involving 323 participants, in two specialised physical NCD clinics in one of the 28 districts of Malawi. Using a quasi-experimental study design in four districts of Malawi not involved in the phase I study, the phase II study will evaluate the effectiveness of integrating depression screening (using PHQ-9) and management (based on a specially designed toolkit). Outcomes will be measured at 3 months and 6 months among patients with comorbid diabetes (poorly controlled) and depression attending physical NCD clinics in Malawi.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Malawi, College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (COMREC) on 31 August 2017 (reference P.07/17/2218). The findings will be disseminated through presentations at journal clubs, senior management of the Ministry of Health, national and international conferences as well as submission to peer-reviewed publications. Policy briefs will also be created.Trial registration numberPACTR201807135104799.

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Tan, Yong Yu, Fionn Woulfe, Griphin Baxter Chirambo, Patrick Henn, Liezel Cilliers, Kayode Philip Fadahunsi, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, and John O'Donoghue. "Framework to assess the quality of mHealth apps: a mixed-method international case study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e062909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062909.

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IntroductionHealthcare professionals (HCPs) often recommend their patients to use a specific mHealth app as part of health promotion, disease prevention and patient self-management. There has been a significant growth in the number of HCPs downloading and using mobile health (mHealth) apps. Most mHealth apps that are available in app stores employ a ‘star rating’ system. This is based on user feedback on an app, but is highly subjective. Thus, the identification of quality mHealth apps which are deemed fit for purpose can be a difficult task for HCPs. Currently, there is no unified, validated standard guidelines for assessment of mHealth apps for patient safety, which can be used by HCPs. The Modified Enlight Suite (MES) is a quality assessment framework designed to provide a means for HCPs to evaluate mHealth apps before they are recommended to patients. MES was adapted from the original Enlight Suite for international use through a Delphi method, followed by preliminary validation process among a population predominantly consisting of medical students. This study aims to evaluate the applicability and validity of the MES, by HCPs, in low, middle and high income country settings.Methods and analysisMES will be evaluated through a mixed-method study, consisting of qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (survey instruments) research, in three target countries: Malaŵi (low income), South Africa (middle income) and Ireland (high income). The focus groups will be conducted through Microsoft Teams (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, USA) and surveys will be conducted online using Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Seattle, Washington, USA). Participants will be recruited through the help of national representatives in Malawi (Mzuzu University), South Africa (University of Fort Hare) and Ireland (University College Cork) by email invitation. Data analysis for the focus group will be by the means of thematic analysis. Data analysis for the survey will use descriptive statistics and use Cronbach alpha as an indicator of internal consistency of the MES. The construct validity of the mHealth app will be assessed by computing the confirmatory factor analysis using Amos.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the Social Research Ethics Committee (SREC) SREC/SOM/03092021/1 at University College Cork, Ireland, Malaŵi Research Ethics Committee (MREC), Malaŵi MZUNIREC/DOR/21/59 and Inter-Faculty Research Ethics Committee (IFREC) of University of Fort Hare (REC-2 70 710-028-RA). The results of the study will be disseminated through the internet, peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

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Mapulanga, Patrick, Jaya Raju, and Thomas Matingwina. "Research-evidence-based health policy formulation in Malawi." International Journal of Health Governance 25, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-05-2019-0029.

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PurposeThe paper seeks to report on research-evidence-based health policy formulation in Malawi based on interviews with policymakers and questionnaire administered to health researchers.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative data for inferential statistical analysis was obtained through a questionnaire administered to researchers in the University of Malawi's College of Medicine and the Kamuzu College of Nursing. Interviews were conducted with four directors holding decision-making national health policy roles in the Ministry of Health and the National Assembly. The five national policymakers interviewed constituted five of the nine interviewees. The remaining four interviewed represented other government agencies and non-governmental organisations in the health sector. These constituted a piloted group of health policymakers in Malawi. Data from interviews shows illustrative comments typical of consistent perspectives among interviewees. Where they disagreed, divergent views have been presented.FindingsThe survey has revealed that health researchers rarely interact with health policymakers. Policymakers rarely attend researchers' workshops, seminars and conferences. Researchers prefer to interact with policymakers through expert committees or technical working groups. However, the meetings are called by policymakers at their own will. In terms of health research designed for user relevance, survey respondents suggested that developing research products; formulating study objectives; analysing and interpreting research findings and; developing research designs and methods were their responsibility. However, policymakers felt that research evidence should appeal to specific priorities needed by health policymakers in policy formulation. Health researchers suggested that health research evidence should be communicated through syntheses of the research literature and reprints of articles published in scientific journals. However, policymakers were of the view that research products should not be bulky, should be presented in points form and should provide options for specific policy areas.Practical implicationsUniversity research groups and technical working groups provide an opportunity for interacting and enhancing the use of health research evidence.Originality/valueFor the purposes of facilitating the use of research evidence into policy, the study provides a low-cost framework for linking research groups and technical working groups to inform health research utilisation.

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Bickton, Fanuel Meckson, Talumba Mankhokwe, Rebecca Nightingale, Cashon Fombe, Martha Mitengo, Langsfield Mwahimba, Wilfred Lipita, et al. "Protocol for a single-centre mixed-method pre–post single-arm feasibility trial of a culturally appropriate 6-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme among adults with functionally limiting chronic respiratory diseases in Malawi." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e057538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057538.

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IntroductionMalawi has a substantial burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) which cause significant morbidity and loss of economic productivity, affecting patients, families and health systems. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a highly recommended non-pharmacological intervention in the clinical management of people with CRDs. However, Malawi lacks published evidence on the implementation of PR for people with CRDs. This trial will test the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a culturally appropriate hospital-based PR programme among adults with functionally limiting CRDs at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre mixed-methods pre–post single-arm feasibility trial. Ten patients aged ≥18 years, with a spirometry confirmed diagnosis of a CRD and breathlessness of ≥2 on the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale, will be consecutively recruited. Their baseline lung function, exercise tolerance and health status will be assessed; including spirometry, Incremental Shuttle Walk Test and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test, respectively. Pretrial semistructured in-depth interviews will explore their experiences of living with CRD and potential enablers and barriers to their PR uptake. Along with international PR guidelines, these data will inform culturally appropriate delivery of PR. We initially propose a 6-week, twice-weekly, supervised centre-based PR programme, with an additional weekly home-based non-supervised session. Using combination of researcher observation, interaction with the participants, field notes and informal interviews with the participants, we will assess the feasibility of running the programme in the following areas: participants’ recruitment, retention, engagement and protocol adherence. Following programme completion (after 6 weeks), repeat assessments of lung function, exercise tolerance and health status will be conducted. Quantitative changes in clinical outcomes will be described in relation to published minimal clinically important differences. Post-trial semistructured interviews will capture participants’ perceived impact of the PR programme on their quality of life, enablers, and barriers to fully engaging with the programme, and allow iteration of its design.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this trial was obtained from University of Malawi College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (COMREC), Blantyre, Malawi (protocol number: P.07/19/2752) and University of Leicester Research Ethics Committee, Leicester, UK (ethics reference: 31574). The results of the trial will be disseminated through oral presentations at local and international scientific conferences or seminars and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. We will also engage the participants who complete the PR trial and the Science Communication Department at Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme to organise community outreach activities within Blantyre to educate communities about CRDs and PR. We will also broadcast our trial results through national radio station programmes such as the weekly “Thanzi la Onse” (Health of All) programme by Times Radio Malawi. We will formally present our trial results to Blantyre District Health Office and Malawi Ministry of Health.Trial registration numberISRCTN13836793.

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Kamoto, Alfred. "Knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among final year medical students in the College of Medicine, Malawi." Malawi Medical Journal 32, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v32i3.3.

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BackgroundMedical curricula need to provide adequate knowledge on antimicrobial medicine use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Such knowledge is critical in shaping correct attitudes and perceptions among future prescribers. However, the extent of preparation provided by medical curricula remains unknown.AimThe current study sought to determine knowledge, attitude and perception on antimicrobial use and AMR among final year medical students in Malawi.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken among all final year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Malawi in 2016. Total population sampling and self-administered questionnaires were used. Data were entered using Microsoft Excel and analysed with Epi info. Descriptive analysis for categorical data was done using frequencies and proportions, and for continuous data using measures of central tendency.ResultsThe response rate in this study was 95%. The mean and median aggregated scores were 7.2 and 7, respectively, for the 11 knowledge questions. Over 88% of the respondents answered more than half of the knowledge questions correctly. Respondents agreed that antimicrobials are overused both at national (50; 69%) and at hospital (52; 72%) levels.ConclusionThis study reports high aggregated knowledge scores on antimicrobial use and resistance with wide variations on correct knowledge scores per question. The study further shows varying level in attitudes and perceptions among medical students. Overall, there were gaps on antimicrobial use and knowledge of AMR which the medical curriculum should addresses.

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Phiri, Sam, Joe Gumulira, Hannock Tweya, Lameck Chinula, Agnes Moses, Bongani Kaimila, Christopher Stanley, et al. "The Malawi Cancer Consortium – Catalyzing Cancer Care and Research in Southern Africa." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 3s—4s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003780.

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Abstract 68 Background: Cancer burden is increasing in Malawi, particularly for HIV-associated malignancies. Methods: With support from the National Cancer Institute, the Malawi Cancer Consortium (MCC) was initiated in September 2014. Partners include the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malawi Ministry of Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, and Lighthouse Trust. Spanning Malawi’s two major cities, Lilongwe and Blantyre, MCC includes three support cores (administration, analysis, mentoring) and three multi-institution research projects: (1) a national HIV-cancer match study to assess cancer incidence in the ART era; (2) a longitudinal cohort to identify clinical and molecular correlates of KS chemotherapy response; and (3) a longitudinal cohort to elucidate lymphoma biology and develop better treatments for HIV-associated lymphoma. Results: For project 1, 65,500 records from the Malawi National Cancer Registry and Malawi HIV cohorts have been abstracted, and initial data harmonization completed. Record linkage is planned for February 2016, will be updated at regular intervals, and will contribute to regional analyses through the IeDEA- Southern Africa network. For project 2, KS studies through MCC have led to descriptions of KS biologic subtypes defined by viral gene expression profiling, and detailed characterization of multicentric Castleman disease. Malawi has also led enrollment into multinational phase III KS clinical trials implemented by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and AIDS Malignancy Consortium. For project 3, more than 300 adults and children with lymphoma have been enrolled since June 2014, with approximately 2/3 of adults being HIV-infected. Patients receive standardized treatment and supportive care, and standardized clinical and laboratory evaluations. Specimen-based correlative studies (virologic, genomic, biomarker studies) are ongoing. Finally, the consortium provides a platform for pilot studies in breast and esophageal cancer, and facilitates career development for Malawian cancer investigators. Conclusions: MCC has initiated a national coalition to address cancer in Malawi, and continued progress is anticipated. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sam Phiri No relationship to disclose Joe Gumulira No relationship to disclose Hannock Tweya No relationship to disclose Lameck Chinula No relationship to disclose Agnes Moses No relationship to disclose Bongani Kaimila No relationship to disclose Christopher Stanley No relationship to disclose Edwards Kasonkanji No relationship to disclose Steady Chasimpha No relationship to disclose Richard Nyasosela No relationship to disclose Leo Masamba No relationship to disclose Tamiwe Tomoka No relationship to disclose Steve Kamiza No relationship to disclose Mina Hosseinipour No relationship to disclose Nora Rosenberg Research Funding: NIH/NCI Ron Mataya No relationship to disclose Charles Dzamalala No relationship to disclose George Liomba No relationship to disclose Irving Hoffman No relationship to disclose Dirk Dittmer No relationship to disclose Yuri Fedoriw Honoraria: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Blossom Damania No relationship to disclose Satish Gopal No relationship to disclose

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Peterson, Ingrid, Ntobeko Ntusi, Kondwani Jambo, Christine Kelly, Jacqueline Huwa, Louise Afran, Joseph Kamtchum Tatuene, et al. "Evaluating the reactivation of herpesviruses and inflammation as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in antiretroviral therapy initiators in an African HIV-infected population (RHICCA): a protocol for a longitudinal cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e025576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025576.

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IntroductionIn Sub-Saharan Africa, the rising rates of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CBD/CVD) are intersecting with an ageing HIV-infected population. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may confer an additive risk and may not completely suppress the risk associated with HIV infection. High-quality prospective studies are needed to determine if HIV-infected patients in Africa are at increased risk of CBD/CVD and to identify factors associated with this risk. This study will test the hypothesis that immune activation and dysfunction, driven by HIV and reactivation of latent herpesvirus infections, lead to increased CBD/CVD risk in Malawian adults aged ≥35 years.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a single-centre, 36-month, prospective cohort study in 800 HIV-infected patients initiating ART and 190 HIV-uninfected controls in Blantyre, Malawi. Patients and controls will be recruited from government ART clinics and the community, respectively, and will be frequency-matched by 5-year age band and sex. At baseline and follow-up visits, we will measure carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity as surrogate markers of vasculopathy, and will be used to estimate CBD/CVD risk. Our primary exposures of interest are cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster reactivation, changes in HIV plasma viral load, and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial function. Multivariable regression models will be developed to assess the study’s primary hypothesis. The occurrence of clinical CBD/CVD will be assessed as secondary study endpoints.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Malawi College of Medicine and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine research ethics committees approved this work. Our goal is to understand the pathogenesis of CBD/CVD among HIV cohorts on ART, in Sub-Saharan Africa, and provide data to inform future interventional clinical trials. This study runs between May 2017 and August 2020. Results of the main trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN42862937.

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Morgan, Elizabeth A., M. Patrick Sweeney, Tamiwe Tomoka, Nadja Kopp, Robert A. Redd, Christopher Daniel Carey, Leo Masamba, et al. "Phenotypic and Transcriptional Characterization of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas from Malawi Defines Targetable Disease Subsets." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2655.2655.

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Abstract Outcomes among persons with lymphoma in sub-Saharan African (SSA) remain poor, largely due to resource limitations in diagnostics, therapeutics and supportive care. We hypothesized that subclassification of lymphoma specimens from SSA could improve diagnostic accuracy, thereby altering treatment recommendations and identifying cases responsive to less toxic, targeted agents. The Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Malawi serves as the teaching hospital for the University of Malawi College of Medicine (UOMCOM) in Blantyre, Malawi's largest city. Pathologic diagnosis of lymphoma at QECH/UOMCOM is based solely on H&E-stained sections. We created tissue microarrays (TMA) from 498 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pediatric and adult nodal/extranodal tumors diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by H&E from 2004-2014 at QECH/UOMCOM (487 unique patients). Median age was 31 years (range, 1-87; 25% £ 16); 274 males, 189 females, 35 unknown. HIV status was available for 10% (36 reactive; 12 non-reactive). At Brigham and Women's Hospital, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for 28 markers and classified each case per the 2008 WHO Classification. 170 cases (34%) could not be classified, largely due to poor tissue antigenicity or lack of lesional tissue on TMA. The remaining 328 cases (66%) are classified in the Table. 37% of the 133 DLBCL were germinal center B cell-like (GCB), 59% non-GCB, and 4% could not be characterized (Hans criteria). We also performed targeted expression profiling with a previously-published, NanoString-based diagnostic molecular classifier of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. This classifier distinguishes ~85% of pathological BL cases from DLBCL in Western cohorts (Carey CD, J Mol Diagn 2015). Evaluable RNA was available in 64/133 (48%) DLCBL, 38/73 (52%) BL, and 8/9 (89%) BCL-U cases. Unsupervised clustering of transcriptional profiles identified 2 groups (n = 54, 56). All 38 BL cases were classified into Group I (100%; exact binomial 95% CI: 91-100), along with 14 DLBCL (22%; 13-34%) and 4 BCL-U (50%; 16-84%). Group II combined 50 of 64 DLBCL cases (78%; 66-87%), 4 of 8 BCL-U cases (50%; 16-84%), and no BL (0%; 0-9%). Concordance between the classifier and pathologic diagnosis was 84%. Overall, incorporation of phenotypic and transcriptional data allowed reclassification of 83 cases into categories that may be responsive to ibrutinib or idelalisib (MCL; non-GCB DLBCL; CLL/SLL); 75 into categories that could benefit from CHOP (ALCL; DLBCL; PBL; PTCL-NOS); 8 into T-ALL; and 30 additional cases of BL by IHC alone. 18 cases of DLBCL or BCL-U were also found to have a similar transcriptional profile to BL, suggesting that they may benefit from BL-directed therapy. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ancillary phenotypic and transcriptional characterization can reclassify a large fraction of lymphomas in SSA and guide potentially beneficial therapies. Implementation of these tools and enhanced drug access and supportive care are desperately needed to improve patient outcomes across the developing world. Table 1. Original Pathologic Classification (Malawi) DLBCL/high grade NHL (n=118) NHL/low grade NHL/lymphoma NOS/low grade BCL (n=101) BL (n=70) Suspicious for NHL (n=21) CLL/SLL (n=7) FL (n=3) ALCL (n=2) LBL (n=1) MZL (n=3) PBL (n=2) Refined Diagnosis Using IHC n (%) DLBCL 70 (59) 46 (45) 8 (12) 7 (32) 1 (33) 1 (50) BL 12 (10) 14 (14) 43 (62) 4 (19) PBL 11 (9) 2 (2) 5 (7) 1 (5) 1 (100) BCL-U 4 (3) 3 (4) 1 (14) 1 (50) CD5-/CD10- BCL 10 (9) 13 (13) 2 (3) 2 (29) 2 (67) CLL/SLL 2 (2) 4 (57) MCL 2 (2) FL 1 (1) MZL 2 (10) 2 (67) ALK+ ALCL 1 (1) 1 (5) PTCL, NOS 1 (1) T-ALL 2 (2) 3 (3) 1 (1) 2 (10) Myeloid sarcoma 2 (2) 1 (33) cHL 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (50) Plasmacytoma 1 (1) 1 (50) Reactive 1 (1) Carcinoma NOS 2 (2) 6 (6) Neuroendocrine 6 (5) 6 (6) 6 (9) 4 (19) CLL/SLL,chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma;FL,follicular lymphoma;ALCL,anaplastic large cell lymphoma;LBL,lymphoblastic lymphoma;MZL,marginal zone lymphoma;PBL,plasmablastic lymphoma;BCL-U,BCL,unclassifiable,with features intermediate between DLBCL & BL;MCL,mantle cell lymphoma;PTCL-NOS,peirpheral T-cell lymphoma,not otherwise specified;T-ALL,T-lymphoblastic lymphoma;cHL,classical Hodgkin lymphoma Disclosures Rodig: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Perkin Elmer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Chiwaya, Matthias. "Chancellor College Law Library in Malawi." International Journal of Legal Information 32, no. 2 (2004): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500004194.

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The Center, now known as the Mcnight Legal Resource Centre, was established at the University of Malawi and designed to provide information support for the efficient and effective performance of the law faculty and staff, students and researchers and institutions and organizations associated with the University, including related government departments and research centers.

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Brueton, Richard, and Eric Howard. "Anatomy Teaching in Malawi." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 8 (September 1, 2013): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363513x13690603817300.

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As the bus from Lilongwe to Blantyre careered bumpily south, darkness fell rapidly and I began to wonder whether this was really such a good idea. It was eight years since I had been in Malawi, where I worked as an orthopaedic surgeon from 2002 to 2005. Having subsequently returned to the UK and spent the past five years working for the nHS, I had reinvented myself as an anatomist. this involved anatomy demonstrating at University College London and Imperial College, teaching on the London deanery MRCS programme and also on Professor Vishy Mahadevan's MRCS course.

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Mapulanga, Patrick. "Prospects and constraints of staff development in the University of Malawi Libraries." Bottom Line 27, no. 1 (May 6, 2014): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-08-2013-0023.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at staff development and its challenges in the University of Malawi Libraries. Design/methodology/approach – A case study design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. University Budget Estimates from 2004/2005 to 2010/2011 financial years were analysed. Data from the University of Malawi Strategic Plan 2005-2009 were examined. Interviews were conducted with college librarians in the University of Malawi Libraries. Documentary evidence was also used. Findings – Study findings indicate that staff development in the University of Malawi Libraries has emphasised on professional qualification in Library and Information Studies. However, due to financial constraints, the majority of the library staff lacks LIS professional qualifications. This study recommends that libraries should consider budgeting for continuing professional development (CPD). Practical implications – Staff development requires continuous funding and time. This study recommends the CPD approach to staff development in academic libraries. The study also recommends the introduction of an education levy to benefit skills and training needs for higher education institutions. Originality/value – There is dearth of literature on staff development in academic libraries in Malawi. This paper seeks to recommend CPD.

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Chaputula, Aubrey, and Benzies Y. Boadi. "Funding for collection development activities at Chancellor College Library, University of Malawi." Collection Building 29, no. 4 (October 12, 2010): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01604951011088871.

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21

Mapulanga, Patrick. "Public procurement legislation and the acquisition of library materials in academic libraries in Malawi." Library Review 64, no. 1/2 (February 2, 2015): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-05-2014-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to examine the challenges and opportunities the new public procurement legislation has created for academic librarians as regards the acquisition of library materials in academic libraries (university/college libraries) in Malawi. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a multi-method approach. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires. The questionnaires were sent online to the university/college libraries of seven major accredited public universities in Malawi. After an initial analysis of that data, qualitative data on patterns were obtained through a mailing listserve with all the possible 19 librarians. Responses were analysed and categorised using a thematic approach. Findings – Academic libraries (university/college libraries) are involved in the internal procurement committees. Librarians are represented in internal procurement committees, though their representation differs from one institution to another. All the academic libraries (university/college libraries) either use the centralised or independent procurement methods. As a result, the public university libraries deal with agents as independents. Working as independents has negatively affected the libraries, as materials are procured at different prices and sometimes at higher prices, thereby ignoring the value for money. Research limitations/implications – In academic libraries, the library consortia have pulled resources towards a basket fund for wide access and cheaper licensing. However, for print library materials, a collaborative procurement process in which the academic libraries identify an agent capable of achieving a supplier list and then purchase directly from the preferred suppliers seems not to have been tried in the most developing countries. Practical implications – The study suggests that academic libraries (university/college libraries) should emulate the library consortia approach when dealing with agents. The academic libraries should consider collaborative procurement models as a means of procuring library materials. Originality/value – Since the enactment of the public procurement legislation in Malawi, no research has been documented on the challenges and opportunities the public procurement act and the acquisition of library materials. This research seeks to bridge the literature gap.

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Muula, Adamson S. "Malawi College of Medicine – Still Not an Ivory Tower." Croatian Medical Journal 51, no. 2 (April 2010): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2010.51.171.

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Muula, Adamson S. "Decolonising the medical literature: We are not just a low-resource setting." Malawi Medical Journal 31, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i3.1.

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I was appointed the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the Malawi Medical Journal (MMJ), a periodical of the Malawi College of Medicine (www.medcol.mw) and the Medical Association of Malawi (MAM) in February 2019. It is a daunting task certainly to be at the helm of such a prestigious medical journal indexed in/by almost all the databases that matter in medical publishing. Our journal has published since the 1970s, first as the Medical Quarterly, and later as the Malawi Medical Journal.

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Van Pelt, Inger Sofie, and Anne Ryen. "Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission." Journal of Comparative Social Work 10, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 138–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v10i2.130.

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This article deals with the complexity of health behaviour from a self-efficacy perspective, and shows the naivety in assuming knowledge as the main guide to better protection against HIV. The authors accentuate the importance of local knowledge when developing health strategies as in the case of protection against HIV, in this case for female university students in Malawi. Being part of a transition period, these students have to handle complex and at times opposing expectations. This makes HIV protection into a complex social- and health issue. However, the close association between universities and rational thinking has for long made public health see self-efficacy as one of the main determinants in general health behaviour. By seeing health behaviour as complex, this study explores into how female university students perceive their own self-efficacy in protecting themselves against HIV in Malawi with a HIV score of approximately 12%. The study is based on data from Chancellor College in Zomba, Malawi. The authors point to the potential of a closer collaboration between social work and public health in issues of both a social and a health nature, as in the case of HIV protection.

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Mphunda, Jessy, and Nathan Mnjama. "Application of ARMA information governance maturity model for assessment of records management programme at Chancellor College, University of Malawi." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 55 (November 8, 2022): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v55i.7.

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Institutions, whether public or private, create records in the course of conducting their business. Records constitute a vital resource for any organisation, including universities. They are important as they provide the information needed by decision-makers and promote accountability. This study assessed the records management programme at Chancellor College, Malawi, using the ARMA Information Governance Maturity Model. Data for the study were collected through face-to-face interviews with purposively selected participants, an examination of document analysis and non-participant observation. The findings of the study revealed that there is accountability in the records management programme although the responsibility for the records management function is delegated to individuals who do not necessarily have relevant qualifications in the area of records management. The findings also revealed that there is partial compliance with the existing legal and regulatory frameworks in the country. In addition, the findings indicated that retrieval of records, especially semi-current records, is problematic due to insufficient storage space and inadequate storage equipment. Based on the findings, the study concluded that using ARMA Information Governance Maturity Model, the level of maturity of the records management programme at Chancellor College is in the developmental stage. The study recommended that Chancellor College should develop and implement a records management policy and records retention and disposition schedule, train existing staff and provide resources and equipment for managing records so that records in these systems remain authentic and reliable. The study also recommends the development of a national policy on managing university records by the National Archives and Records Services in Malawi as a whole.

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Baranoski, Amy S., Donna M. Russo, and Valerie Weber. "Drexel University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S422—S425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003256.

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Ford, Debra H., and Swati Goel. "Howard University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S95—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003476.

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Hassan, Sheik N., and Robert E. Taylor. "Howard University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S136—S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181e86d4a.

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Schindler, Barbara A., Burton J. Landau, Dennis H. Novack, Donna M. Russo, and Robin C. Smith. "Drexel University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S480—S484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ea3a74.

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TITUS-DILLON, PAULINE Y. "Howard University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 75, Supplement (September 2000): S59—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200009001-00019.

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Roth, Linda. "Drexel University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 80, no. 11 (November 2005): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200511000-00015.

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32

Muula, Adamson S., and Robert L. Broadhead. "The first decade of the Malawi College of Medicine: a critical appraisal." Tropical Medicine and International Health 6, no. 2 (February 2001): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00673.x.

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Gough, Ian. "THE COLLEGE–UNIVERSITY CONCEPT." ANZ Journal of Surgery 78, no. 5 (May 2008): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04477.x.

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34

Littles, Alma B., Nancy L. Hayes, and Suzanne Leonard Harrison. "Florida State University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S107—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003308.

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Baker, Pamela L., and Philip Diller. "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S406—S409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003325.

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Fantone, Joseph, Maureen Novak, and Adrian Tyndall. "University of Florida College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S119—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003337.

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Thompson, Tina L., Rebecca Molter, Harold Bell, and Steven Vance. "Central Michigan University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S236—S239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003356.

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Griffith, Charles H., Christopher A. Feddock, and Robert S. DiPaola. "University of Kentucky College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S188—S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003450.

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Malin, Greg, Regina Gjevre, Patricia Blakley, and Kent Stobart. "College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S601—S604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003486.

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Yarbrough, Tracy L., and Catherine Yang. "California Northstate University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 95, no. 9S (September 2020): S33—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003491.

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Alston, Sebastian R., Alma B. Littles, John P. Fogarty, and Robert T. Watson. "Florida State University College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S144—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181e86dd4.

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Rarey, Kyle E., Maureen A. Novak, and Michael L. Good. "University of Florida College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S152—S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181e8a553.

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Stoddard, Hugh, and Gerald F. Moore. "University of Nebraska College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S332—S334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181e93d58.

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Ali, Imran I., Constance Shriner, and Jeffrey P. Gold. "University of Toledo College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S456—S459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ea386d.

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Gunderson, Anne, and Andrew T. Filak. "University of Cincinnati College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S460—S463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ea38b0.

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Candler, Christopher, and M. Dewayne Andrews. "University of Oklahoma College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S469—S473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ea39fe.

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Forehand, Cynthia J., Tania F. Bertsch, G. Scott Waterman, and William B. Jeffries. "University of Vermont College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 85 (September 2010): S573—S577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181ea99c3.

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WATSON, ROBERT, and LARRY ROOKS. "University of Florida College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 75, Supplement (September 2000): S61—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200009001-00020.

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ELAM, CAROL, DONNA GRIGSBY, LOIS MARGARET NORA, and EMERY WILSON. "University of Kentucky College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 75, Supplement (September 2000): S130—S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200009001-00036.

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MOORE, GERALD. "University of Nebraska College of Medicine." Academic Medicine 75, Supplement (September 2000): S207—S209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200009001-00060.

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