Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'University of Peradeniya. Faculty of Medicine'

Academic and medical institutions are responding to rising critiques of mainstream, scientific medicine (biomedicine). One response is the establishment of centers and programs devoted to whole person care. I assess the response of the McGill Programs in Whole Person Care (WPC) to these critiques, particularly its incorporation of spirituality into medicine. Through textual hermeneutics, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews with faculty members, I argue that WPC is constructing its own worldview and normative framework. It does this by selectively drawing from the religious traditions of ancient Greece, Buddhism, and Christianity, interpreting these selections in terms of Jungian psychology, and sometimes secularizing them. My aim is to better understand the theory and praxis of whole person care in McGill University's Faculty of Medicine as a case study but also the ethical issues it raises. I conclude by providing points of reflection for institutions wishing to incorporate these health ideas and practices into conventional medicine.

Este trabalho envolveu a discussão dos modos pelos quais estão organizadas as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no ensino médico de graduação da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ, tendo como contexto as políticas de ensino superior e de saúde da década de 70 ao momento atual. Duas foram as questões que serviram de ponto de partida para a pesquisa: quais foram os efeitos da mudança físico- espacial sobre as concepções de formação médica dos antigos professores da Praia Vermelha; e quais eram e quais são as lógicas ordenadoras prevalentes nos diferentes períodos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, trabalhei com relatos orais na linha da história de vida de 21 professores oriundos da Praia Vermelha, procurando identificar em suas narrativas os significados da mudança a respeito do projeto pedagógico da Escola de Medicina da UFRJ, as posições assumidas por eles diante dos efeitos produzidos pela mudança, através da análise de suas trajetórias. Documentos referentes à educação médica, às políticas de saúde e às políticas de ensino superior constituíram-se em referências indispensáveis para o mapeamento das configurações do ensino médico de graduação em nosso país, em especial a partir da Reforma Universitária de 1968. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, Pierre Bourdieu revelou- se como um dos interlocutores centrais. A potencialidade dos conceitos de habitus, capital e campo permitiu pensar o princípio da ação histórica na relação entre dois estados do social: a história objetivada nas coisas, sob a forma de instituições, e a história encarnada nos corpos sob a forma de disposições duráveis, o habitus (Bourdieu, 1994), no nosso caso, a constituição do habitus docente. Lutas e conflitos em torno de tomadas de posições acerca das concepções da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ foram sendo mapeadas e ajudaram a revelar as correlações de força que atravessaram essa instituição desde os anos 60. O trabalho está estruturado em torno dos seguintes eixos: as mudanças da Praia Vermelha para o Fundão e as conseqüências provocadas por esse deslocamento físico- espacial na reconfiguração dos campos de poder no interior da Faculdade de Medicina e em última instância na Universidade; as formas de ingresso na carreira docente no período estudado e os efeitos da reforma universitária sobre essas carreiras, sobre as representações dos saberes e conhecimentos que compõem com o habitus a formação do professor de medicina; a formação profissional promovida pelo curso de Medicina, inscrevendo-a no contexto histórico das práticas pedagógicas descritas na literatura do campo da educação médica, bem como dos efeitos das políticas de saúde, da configuração do mercado de trabalho nessa área. Em que pese o esforço que a Faculdade de Medicina vem realizando, como (i) integrar o currículo a partir de iniciativas interdepartamentais; (ii) aumentar as atividades práticas; (iii) inserir o aluno na rede básica de saúde; (iv) tornar obrigatório o internato médico nas áreas consideradas básicas; (v) discutir a relação médico- paciente via criação de uma disciplina, os resultados sinalizam para a existência de contradições entre a intenção e a efetividade dessas medidas. Assim, tem prevalecido ainda um enfoque predominantemente hospitalar e uma abordagem que privilegia o atendimento especializado de doenças que exigem o uso intensivo de tecnologia, fugindo das recomendações de centrar mais a prática nos aspectos preventivos das doenças. O apelo das especialidades, com maior prestígio e remuneração, a necessidade de dedicação à pesquisa pelos professores como pré-requisito para titulação, e o avanço do conhecimento médico são os fatores apontados para o declínio da propedêutica médica de cunho indiciário, e o sucesso observado na introdução de práticas pedagógicas conside
This paper encompasses the discussion about the forms of organization of pedagogical practices developed in the undergraduate program at the School of Medicine at UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). The study ambiance involves university teaching and health policies that have prevailed in Brazil from the 1970 s until today. The research stemmed from two questions: the effect of physical-spatial change on concepts that underlie the medical formation among former faculty members (at Praia Vermelha building in the neighborhood of Urca); secondly, the guiding logics that prevailed in the two different periods. From a methodological viewpoint, I worked with oral reports that followed the life story of 21 faculty members who had come from Praia Vermelha, attempting to identify the meaning of change related to the pedagogical project at the School of Medicine at UFRJ in their narratives and the attitudes they adopted to cope with the effects produced by such changes in the analysis of their studies and life story. Documents involving medical training, health policies and university teaching issues became essential references for a map of the undergraduate medical education in our country, especially after the University Reform in 1968. Pierre Bourdieu was a central interlocutor for the development of the research. The potential of concepts such as habitus, capital and field allowed us to envisage the principle of historical action within the relationship of two social states: the objective history of things, in the form of institutions, and the history incarnated in bodies in the form of durable dispositions, the habitus (Bourdieu, 1994), in our case the constitution of a teaching habitus. Struggles and conflicts for position take over concerning the concepts at the School of Medicine at UFRJ were gradually mapped and helped reveal the correlation of forces that prevailed in the institution since the 1960 s. The work is structured around three guide lines: the transfer from Praia Vermelha to the premises on Fundão Island and the consequences of that physical-spatial change to the power shift in the recess of the School of Medicine and, ultimately, the University as a whole; the procedures that applied to faculty members during the admission process in the studied period, to mention the effects of the university reform on their professional careers, on the representation of knowledge and scholarship which, together with habitus, make up the education of the Medicine Professor; firstly the professional education offered by the Medical School, which inserts it in the historical context of pedagogical practices described in medical education literature; and secondly the effect health policies had on the labor market structure in that field. The School of Medicine has been making efforts to (i) integrate its curriculum based on interdepartmental initiatives; (ii) increase the number of practical activities; (iii) place the students within the basic net of health services; (iv) enforce compulsory medical internship in essential areas; (v) discuss doctor-patient relationships in a specific discipline. Nevertheless, in spite of those efforts, the results indicate contradictions between their intended effects and their efficacy. So, a largely hospital-oriented focus has prevailed, fostering an approach that privileges specialized treatment of diseases with the intense application of technological resources. This approach opposes recommendations which prescribe medical practices centered on disease prevention. The appeal of medical specialists is that they have more prestige and better rates of pay; therefore the professors need to dedicate time to research as a pre-requisite to conquer titles for their career improvement, and the advance of medical knowledge are the contributing factors that account for the decline of symptom-oriented medical procedures and the success of pedagogical practices that are considered innovative, such as problem-based learning and evidence-based medicine. These factors also contribute to the o

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCPS) colonization in companion animals is an emerging and significant problem in public and animal health. During one year, nasal swabs were obtained from 40 cats and 146 dogs admitted to the Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Technical University of Lisbon. MRCPS colonization was screened by plating enrichment cultures on a selective medium, Chrom MRSA ID. Bacterial species and mecA were confirmed by PCR. Clonality of the isolates was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All isolates were subjected to spa and SCCmec typing. They were also tested by PCR for the lukF/lukS genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus and Luk-I and Staphylococcus intermedius exfoliative toxin (SIET) in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was found in two cats (5 %) and one dog (0.6 %). Isolates were spa type t032, SCCmec IV and shared identical PFGE profiles. These were similar to the EMRSA-15 human clone. Strains were PVL-negative. Nine dogs carried methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) (6 %), whereas none of the cats was positive. The PFGE type A strain (n=1) showed identical characteristics as the American MRSP clone strains (CC68-MRSP-V), while PFGE cluster B grouped European MRSP isolates (CC71-MRSP-III) (n=8). All isolates were SIETnegative. The 8 European MRSP isolates were positive for the lukF/lukS genes and the American MRSP isolate was negative for both genes. Strains were multidrug-resistant, which represents a major challenge for veterinarians in terms of antibiotic therapy.
RESUMO - Frequência de colonização por staphylococci coagulase-positivo meticilinaresistente em cães e gatos internados no hospital escolar da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária – Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal - A colonização por staphylococci coagulase-positivo meticilina-resistente (MRCPS) é um problema emergente e de grande importância em termos de saúde animal e pública. Durante um ano, zaragatoas nasais de 146 cães e 40 de gatos foram obtidas de animais internados no Hospital Escolar da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. A colonização por MRCPSfoi pesquisada por inoculação de culturas de enriquecimento num meio selectivo, Chrom MRSA ID. As espécies de MRCPS e a amplificação do gene mecA por feita por PCR. A clonalidade dos isolados foi confirmada por PFGE. Todos os isolados foram sujeitos a tipagem spa e SCCmec. Os isolados de S. aureus meticilina-resistente (MRSA) e de S. pseudintermedius meticilina-resistente (MRSP) foram testados por PCR para a presença dos genes lukF/lukS que codificam, respectivamente, a leucocidina Panton-Valentine (PVL) e a leucocidina-I (Luk-I). Os isolados de MRSP foram ainda testados para a presença da toxina exfoliativa do S. intermedius (SIET). Nesta amostra, 0,6 % (n=1) dos cães testados e 5 % (n=2) dos gatos apresentaram MRSA. Os isolados de MRSA eram spa tipo t032, SCCmec IV e partilhavam padrões idênticos de PFGE. As estirpes eram idênticas ao clone humano EMRSA-15. Os 3 isolados eram PVL negativos. Nove cães apresentaram MRSP (6 %), enquanto nenhum dos gatos foi positivo. PFGE tipo A mostrou características idênticas ao clone americano de MRSP (CC68-MRSP-V) e PFGE tipo B agrupou os isolados europeus de MRSP (CC71-MRSP-III) (n=8). Os isolados de MRSP PFGE tipo B eram Luk-I positivos mas SIET negativos. Todas as estirpes de MRSP eram multirresistentes a várias classes de antibióticos, o que representa um desafio para os médicos veterinários em termos de estratégias de antibioterapia.

Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich als ein Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Geschichte der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig und behandelt das erste Jahrzehnt ihres Bestehens, also den Zeitraum von 1923 bis 1933. Als Grundlage der Dokumentation dienten hauptsächlich Archivalien. Des Weiteren wurden zeitgenössische Fachzeitschriften verwendet. Zur Darstellung des zeitgeschichtlichen Hintergrundes wurden hauptsächlich Sekundärliteratur sowie einige wenige Internetseiten verwendet. Die Ergebnisse sind in zwei Abschnitte untergliedert, dabei befasst sich der erste Abschnitt mit der Gesamtfakultät, während der zweite Abschnitt näher auf die einzelnen Institute und Kliniken eingeht. Die Gesamtsituation war stark geprägt vom Umzug der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Dresden nach Leipzig und der damit verbundenen Eingliederung in die Leipziger Alma mater. Desweiteren verursachte die wirtschaftliche Notlage erhebliche Probleme für Forschung und Lehre. Dies ist auch im zweiten Abschnitt bei der Besprechung der einzelnen Einrichtungen an der Fakultät ein allgegenwärtiges Thema. Des Weiteren wird auf die Dozenten der Institute und Kliniken eingegangen, soweit diese nicht bereits Gegenstand anderer Dissertationen waren. Die wichtigsten Forschungsarbeiten und – soweit anhand von Archivalien belegbar – die Geldgeber dafür werden ebenfalls für die meisten Einrichtungen der Fakultät aufgezeigt. In der anschließenden Diskussion werden zunächst die Vor- und Nachteile des Umzuges von Dresden nach Leipzig gegenübergestellt. Obwohl die Nachteile hierbei zu überwiegen scheinen, kommt die Autorin zu dem Schluss, dass es nicht der Umzug an sich war, der sich als nachteilig erwies, sondern die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen nach dem 1. Weltkrieg, welche den Umzug zu einer regelrechten Bewährungsprobe machten. Weiterhin wird diskutiert, ob es unter den gegebenen Umständen möglich war, freie Forschung zu betreiben. Hier wird deutlich, dass diese Möglichkeit zwar theoretisch gegeben war, praktisch jedoch waren diejenigen Forscher, welche sich mit Themen beschäftigten, die das Interesse des Staates und/oder der Industrie weckten, weitaus besser gestellt und konnten ihre Forschungen entsprechend schnell vorantreiben. Als Beispiel sei hier Arthur SCHEUNERT genannt, der sich hauptsächlich mit Vitaminforschungen beschäftigte. Forschungen, für die der Staat bzw. die Industrie keine bzw. nur wenige Gelder aufbringen konnten oder wollten, waren dagegen nur möglich, weil sich Leiter und Mitarbeiter der Institute unter Erbringung persönlicher finanzieller und zeitlicher Opfer dafür einsetzten, wie beispielsweise Herman BAUM und sein Präparator Paul KURZWEG
This paper should be understood as one article regarding the scientific processing of the history of the Faculty for Veterinary Medicine at the University of Leipzig. The paper presents the first decade of its existence, meaning the time period from 1923 to 1933. The archives have served primarily as the foundation of the documentation. Furthermore, contemporary technical journals have been used. Secondary literature and a few Internet pages have also been primarily used for the presentation of the historical background. The results have been sub-divided into two sections, whereby the first section deals with the overall faculty, while the second section addresses the details of the individual institutes and clinics. The overall situation was strongly characterized by the relocation of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Dresden, and its incorporation into the University of Leipzig. Furthermore, the economic necessity caused significant problems for research work and teaching. This is also a ubiquitous topic in the second section as part of the discussion of the individual establishments of the faculty. Furthermore, insofar as such has not been the topic of other dissertations, the lecturers at the institutes and clinics will be discussed. The most important research projects and, to the extent such can be proven on the basis of the archives, the sponsors for such projects will also be presented for most of the establishments of the faculty. The advantages and disadvantages of the relocation from Dresden to Leipzig will first be contrasted in the subsequent discussion. Although the disadvantages of this would seem to prevail, the author has concluded that the relocation itself was not the true disadvantages, but rather the economic conditions after the First World War, which made the relocation into a real test. Furthermore, if it would have been possible to conduct research freely under the circumstances will also be discussed. The fact that this possibility was entirely possible in theory, however those researchers who investigated these issues and wakened the interests of the state and/or the industry were much more capable of expediting their own research more quickly will be made clear. Arthur SCHEUNERT, who primarily performed vitamin research, would be one example. Research projects that either the state or industry could not, or did not, want to support financially were only possible, because the leaders and employees of the institutes invested their own money and time, as exemplified by Herman BAUM and his preparatory, Paul KURZWEG

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The complex ethical dilemmas created by advanced technological medicine and problematic doctor-patient relationships have lead to an increasing interest in medical ethics education since the 1980's. The Medical School of the University of Pretoria has embarked on a new undergraduate medical curriculum in 1997. Ethics is educated in a longitudinal fashion over the six years of the medical curriculum and has focussed largely on the principal-based approach as described by Beauchamp and Childress. The research participants were the first final year class of this new curriculum, while the facilitators were medical educators or philosophers. The major finding was that the students were not yet able to identify ethical dilemmas with ease, although they were successful in the application of the principal-based approach to the vignettes of the study. The students did not cope well with the uncertainty created by ethical dilemmas and sought to solve the situation by creating boundaries provided by medical law. Therecommendations of the study are that the theoretical component of the ethics curriculum should: 1) include more approaches to ethics, than only the principal-based approach; 2) address daily experienced ethical dilemmas during the study years in small group discussions; 3) and implement a portfolio assessment which can serve as a tool for students to track their own development in reflection on ethical dilemmas. In conclusion, the question remains whether we are currently ready to come ""face to face" with the "other" as Levinas argues or are we still divided into "only two classes of mankind in the world - doctors and patients" as remarked by Kipling in the 19th century.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die komplekse etiese dilemmas, veroorsaak deur hoogs gespesialiseerde tegnologiese medisyne en die problematiese dokter-pasiënt verhouding, het gelei tot 'n verhoogde belangstelling in mediese etiekonderrig sedert die 1980's. Die Mediese Skool van die Universiteit van Pretoria het in 1997 'n nuwe voorgraadse mediese kurrikulum geïmplimenteer. Etiek is op 'n longitudinale manier onderrig oor ses jaar in die mediese kurrikulum en het gefokus op die beginsel-benadering soos beskryf deur Beauchamp en Childress. Die navorsingsdeelnemers was die eerste finale-jaar klas van die nuwe kurrikulum, terwyl die fasiliteerders mediese dosente of filosowe was. Die hoofbevinding van die kurrikulum was dat die studente nie die etiese dilemmas met gemak kon identifiseer nie, alhowel hulle suksesvol die beginsel-benadering kon toepas op die gevallestudies. Die studente hanteer nie onsekerheid, veroorsaak deur die etiese dilemmas, met gemak nie en probeer om die saak op te los deur die skep van grense verskaf deur mediese reg. Die aanbevelings van die studie is dat die teoretiese komponent van die etiekkurrikulum die volgende moet bevat: 1) bekendstelling aan meerdere benaderings tot die etiek, bo en behalwe die beginsel-gebaseerde benadering; 2) aanspreek van die daaglikse etiese dilemmas gedurende die studiejare in kleingroepbesprekings; 3) en die implementering van 'n portfolio-evaluasie, wat kan dien as 'n instrument vir die studente om hul eie ontwikkeling aangaande nadenke oor etiese dilemmas na te gaan. Opsommend, die vraag is steeds of ons tans gereed is om "aangesig-tot-aangesig" te verkeer met die "ander" soos Levinas redeneer of is ons steeds verdeel in "slegs twee klasse van menswees in die wêreld - dokters en pasiënte" soos opgemerk deur Kipling in die 19deeeu.

O estudo investiga o efeito simbólico da criação da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP), na imprensa escrita (1951), através da análise e discussão das matérias jornalísticas publicadas em três jornais da cidade, à época: A Cidade, Diário da Manha e a Tarde. Estudo de perspectiva histórica que se aproxima da abordagem da micro-história. O marco temporal desse trabalho refere-se à aprovação da organização e finalidade da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), que criou, anexa à mesma, a EERP/USP, através da Lei Estadual nº. 1467, de 26 de dezembro de 1951. O corpus documental constituiu-se das matérias jornalísticas relativas à criação da EERP-USP e/ou Enfermagem/enfermeiro(a) publicadas pelos jornais disponíveis para a pesquisa no Arquivo Público e Histórico da cidade. A coleta compreendeu os meses de dezembro de 1951 e janeiro de 1952. O marco teórico de referência para análise do texto jornalístico trata-se da teoria de mundo social, com utilização da noção de campo jornalístico, do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para um total de 47 matérias jornalísticas. Entretanto, 34 possuem a FMRP-USP como tema centrale seis (6) matérias se referem diretamente a EERP/USP, Enfermagem ou enfermeira(o). Observa-se que o discurso jornalístico sobre a instalação da FMRP-USP reconfigura o campo científico na cidade. Verificou-se que a EERP-USP, mesmo antes de sua instalação, apropriou-se de certo capital cultural, efeito da visibilidade da FMRP-USP. Nas seis matérias analisadas destaca-se um discurso ambivalente quanto à posição da Enfermagem e/ou EERP-USP em relação à FMRP-USP/Medicina, ora àquela que agrega capital simbólico de força equivalente às demais profissões, ora aquela que é referida como integrante, de um conjunto maior, que seria de domínio médico. Entretanto, destaca-se que este fenômeno ocorreu em virtude da inexistência de agentes sociais no campo simbólico que pudessem exercer forças a favor da EERP-USP, uma vez que, a Profa. Glete de Alcântara, sua principal agente social, iniciou suas atividades em Ribeirão Preto quatro meses após o período de analise do presente estudo.
The study investigates the symbolic effect of University of São Paulo at RibeirãoPreto College of Nursing\'screationin press (1951), through analysis and discussion of newspaper articles published in three newspapers of the city, at the time: THE CITY (A CIDADE), THE DAILY MORNING (DIÁRIO DA MANHÃ) and THE EVENING (A TARDE).Historical perspective Study that approximates of the micro historyapproach of. The timeframe refers to the approval of the organization and purpose of the University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto (FMRP-USP), which created, attached to it, the University of São Paulo at RibeirãoPreto College of Nursing (EERP-USP) by State Law. 1467 of December 26 of 1951. The corpus of documents consisted of newspaper articles about the creation of EERP-USP and/or nursing/nurse published in the newspapers available for research in the Historical Public Archives of the city. The data were collected to the months of December 1951 and January 1952. The theoretical framework of reference for analysis of newspaper text is the social world theory, using the notion of journalistic field, by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The results pointed to a total of 47 newspaper articles. However, 34 have the FMRP-USP as a central theme, and six (6) refers directly to EERP / USP, nursing or nurse. It is observed that media discourse about the installation of the FMRP-USP reconfigures the scientific field in the city. It was found that the EERP-USP, even before its installation, appropriated certain cultural capital, with is effect of the visibility of FMRP-USP. In the six articles analyzed stands anambivalent speech about the position of Nursing and/or EERP-USP regarding FMRP-USP/Medicine, once adds to that symbolic capital strength equivalent to other professions, once that is sometimes referred to as an integrant of a larger field dominated by the medical field. However, it is emphasized that this phenomenon occurred because of a lack of social agents in the symbolic field that could apply forces for EERP-USP, since the Professor. Glete de Alcântara, that is themost important social agent of EERP-USP, started its activities, in RibeirãoPreto, four months after the period analyzed in this study.

This study aims to analyse the information seeking behaviour of postgraduate students from Eduardo Mondlane University, Medicine Faculty, in order to extend the knowledge about the students’ interaction with study-related information as well as their perception in relation to the electronic resources available through UEM library, and the challenges they encounter seeking and retrieving information. To carry out the research, a qualitative and quantitative approach was used based on combination with the semi-structured interview and online survey as data collection instruments. The results showed that students start their searches with quite clearly defined information needs and varied seeking purposes, with emphasis on solving tasks of their master's and PhD classes, as well as to write and publish scientific articles. Students are aware of the existence of electronic resources available through the university, with emphases to the medical database HINARI. However, they prefer to use other sources freely available on the internet such as Google scholar andPubMed and they do not have the necessary skills to adopt precise strategies for information seeking. Issues such as unstable Internet connection, language barriers, difficulties in computing and use ofd atabases, and limitations on access to documents that require payments are some of the main challenges faced by the students during informationseeking.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Introdução: A doença de olho seco é uma das doenças oftalmológicas mais prevalentes, afetando a qualidade de vida e motivando frequentemente a procura de cuidados médicos. Contudo, a prevalência em grupos etários mais jovens ainda não está completamente compreendida. Pretendemos aferir a prevalência de doença de olho seco subjetiva na população de estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal, assim como estabelecer alguns dos seus fatores de risco. Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário online, usando o Ocular Surface Disease Index, validado para a língua portuguesa. Foi inquirida a presença de alguns fatores de risco associados com a doença de olho seco. Uma pontuação do OSDI superior a 22 pontos foi usada como valor de corte para o diagnóstico de doença de olho seco subjetiva. O teste do qui-quadrado foi usado para testar a associação entre variáveis e a doença de olho seco. Para determinar fatores preditivos de doença de olho seco foi realizada uma análise de regressão logística. Resultados: Um total de 142 estudantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 34 anos, completou o questionário online, destes, 108 (76,1%) eram do sexo feminino. A média das pontuações do OSDI para todos os participantes foi de 13,72+/- 13,76 pontos. Foi obtida uma prevalência de doença de olho seco subjetiva de 20,4%. O uso de gotas oftalmológicas foi associado a pontuações mais altas no OSDI. O sexo, a idade, a realização de medicação, o uso de lentes de contacto e o tabagismo não foram associados nem mostraram ser fatores preditivos.Discussão: A prevalência de doença de olho seco encontrada é congruente com os valores obtidos em investigações semelhantes. O papel das gotas oftalmológicas no desenvolvimento de doença de olho seco, que se verificou na nossa população, também já foi descrito em diversos estudos. O pequeno tamanho da amostra, a estreita faixa etária dos participantes e a predominância de participantes do sexo feminino pode ter dissimulado o efeito dos outros fatores de risco inquiridos.Conclusão: Foi encontrada uma prevalência de doença de olho seco subjetiva de 20,4% em estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. O uso de gotas oftalmológicas foi associado a pontuações mais altas no OSDI. Deste modo, os estudantes devem ser alertados para os riscos de auto-medicação com gotas oftalmológicas sem indicação médica.
Background: Dry eye disease is one of the most prevalent eye diseases, affecting quality of life and commonly motivating the search for medical care. However, prevalence in younger age groups is still not completely understood. We aim to assess the prevalence of subjective dry eye disease in student’s population of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal, as well as establishing some of its risk factors.Methods: We applied an online questionnaire using the Ocular Surface Disease Index, validated to the Portuguese language. The presence of some risk factors associated with dry eye disease was also inquired. A modified OSDI score > 22 points was used as a cut-off value for the diagnosis of subjective dry eye disease. Chi-square test was used to test the association between variables and subjective dry eye disease. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors of dry eye disease.Results: A total of 142 students, with ages ranging from 19 to 34 years old, completed the online questionnaire, of which 108 (76,1%) were female. The mean OSDI score for all participants was 13,72 ± 13,76 units. A prevalence of subjective dry eye disease of 20,4% was found. The use of ophthalmic drops was associated with higher OSDI scores, and was found to be a predictive factor of dry eye disease. Sex, age, medication, use of contact lenses and smoking status were not associated or were found to be a predictive factor.Discussion: The prevalence of dry eye disease found is consistent with values reported in similar investigations. The role of ophthalmic drops in the development of dry eye disease, verified in our study, has also been reported in several studies. Our small sample size, narrow age range and predominance of female participants may have masked the effect of other risk factors inquired.Conclusion: A prevalence of 20,4% of subjective dry eye disease was found in a student population of Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal. The use of ophthalmic drops was associated with higher OSDI scores. Therefore, students should be warned about the risks of self-medication with over-the-counter eye drops.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
INTRODUÇÃO: O estigma face às doenças mentais é considerado como um dos principais obstáculos à prestação de serviços médicos a doentes psiquiátricos, afetando a sua qualidade de vida. Esta problemática não está presente apenas na população geral, mas também entre os profissionais de saúde. Torna-se essencial reduzir este estigma de forma a alcançar mudanças positivas na aceitação e no tratamento das doenças mentais; os estudantes de medicina podem ser uma população alvo para a introdução de medidas de prevenção de estigma.O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a evolução das atitudes dos estudantes de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC) face aos doentes psiquiátricos, antes e depois de frequentar as cadeiras de Psicologia e Psiquiatria, analisando o impacto da frequência destas aulas na formação de atitudes estigmatizantes.MÉTODOS: Foram distribuídos quatro questionários aos alunos do 3º e 4º anos do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina da FMUC: um sociodemográfico, o MICA-2, o NEO-FFI-20 e o TEQ. Estes foram distribuídos na primeira aula de cada cadeira, quer no início do primeiro semestre, como no início do segundo, após a frequência das mesmas.RESULTADOS: Analisando as atitudes dos estudantes de medicina face aos doentes psiquiátricos, medidas pelo MICA-2, foi observada uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa dos seus valores (p = 0,025) entre as duas medições, indicando uma diminuição do estigma.Foi ainda encontrada uma correlação inversa entre o valor do estigma inicial e a empatia, com níveis mais elevados de empatia resultando em níveis mais baixos de estigma. O tipo de personalidade encontrava-se também relacionado com o estigma medido no primeiro momento, com maiores níveis de abertura à experiência originando níveis mais baixos de estigma.DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: No geral, as atitudes dos estudantes de Medicina relativamente aos doentes psiquiátricos eram positivas, com uma diminuição significativa do valor do estigma, medido pelo questionário MICA-2, do primeiro para o segundo semestre. Estes resultados corroboram a hipótese de que a educação e o contacto com pessoas com uma patologia mental modificam positivamente as atitudes e discriminação contra as mesmas.
INTRODUCTION: Stigma towards mental illness is considered to be a main obstacle to the provision of medical assistance to psychiatric patients, affecting the quality of their lives. This is not only present in the general population but also among health professionals. It is essential to reduce stigma in order to bring positive change in the acceptance and treatment of mental disorders; medical students could be a target population for stigma prevention measures.The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of the attitudes of medical students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra (FMUC) towards psychiatric patients, before and after attending Psychology and Psychiatric courses, analysing the impact of class attendance on shaping stigmatising attitudes.METHODS: Students from the 3rd and the 4th years of the Integrated Master’s degree in Medicine of FMUC were asked to complete four questionnaires: a sociodemographic form, the MICA-2, the NEO-FFI-20 and the TEQ. The surveys were distributed during the first class of each course, at the beginning of the first semester, and again at the beginning of the second semester, after attending the courses.RESULTS: Analysing medical students’ attitudes towards psychiatric patients, measured by the MICA-2, there was a statistically significant decrease on these scores (p=0.025) between the two measurements, thus less stigma. The baseline level of stigma was found to be negatively associated with empathy, with higher levels of empathy resulting in lower levels of stigma. A correlation between the type of personality and stigma was also found, with higher levels of openness to new experience being related to lower levels of initial stigma. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Overall, the students’ attitudes towards mentally illness patients were positive, with a decrease of the stigma value, measured by the MICA-2 questionnaire, from the first to the second semester. This corroborates the hypothesis that education and contact with people with a mental pathology shapes positive changes on attitudes and discrimination against those patients.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Background. Traditionally, departmental appointment type (basic science or clinical) and/or degree earned (PhD, MD, or MD-PhD) have served as proxies for how we conceptualize clinical and basic science faculty. However, the landscape in which faculty work has considerably changed and now challenges the meaning of these cohorts. Within this context I introduce a behavior-based role variable that is defined by how faculty spend their time in four academic activities: teaching, research, patient care, and administrative duties. Methods. Two approaches to role were compared to department type and degree earned in terms of their effects on how faculty report their perceptions and experiences of faculty vitality and its related constructs. One approach included the percent of time faculty spent engaged in each of the four academic activities. The second approach included role groups described by a time allocation rubric. This study included faculty from four U.S. medical schools (N = 1,497) and data from the 2011 Indiana University School of Medicine Faculty Vitality Survey. Observed variable path analysis evaluated models that included traditional demographic variables, the role variable, and faculty vitality constructs (e.g., productivity, professional engagement, and career satisfaction). Results. Role group effects on faculty vitality constructs were much stronger than those of percent time variables, suggesting that patterns of how faculty distribute their time are more important than exactly how much time they allocate to single activities. Role group effects were generally similar to, and sometimes stronger than, those of department type and degree earned. Further, the number of activities that faculty participate in is as important a predictor of how faculty experience vitality constructs as their role groups. Conclusions. How faculty spend their time is a valuable and significant addition to vitality models and offers several advantages over traditional cohort variables. Insights into faculty behavior can also show how institutional missions are (or are not) being served. These data can inform hiring practices, development of academic tracks, and faculty development interventions. As institutions continue to unbundle faculty roles and faculty become increasingly differentiated, the role variable can offer a simple way to study faculty, especially across multiple institutions.

Objetivo: Reformar um currículo médico é um processo complexo e desafiante, que pode ter um impacto duradouro na qualidade de futuras gerações de médicos. A disciplina de 5º ano de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP) foi recentemente atualizada de rotações por blocos para um estágio integrado. Este estudo procurou primariamente avaliar o impacto das alterações curriculares na disciplina de Pediatria no desempenho académico dos estudantes de medicina da FMUP. Métodos: Comparámos o desempenho académico dos alunos de Pediatria durante quatro anos consecutivos. Foram analisados dois anos de rotações por blocos (2015/16 e 2016/17, n=542) e dois anos de estágio integrado (18/18 e 2018/19, n=609) em relação ao 5º ano (curto-prazo), bem como três anos (2016/17, 2017/18 e 2018/19) relativos ao 6º ano (longo-prazo). Resultados: A classificação-média (DP) do 5º ano foi de 15,24 (1,38), 16,59 (1,66), 15,38 (1,89) e 15,13 (2,00), para os anos de 2015/16 a 2018/19 (p<0,001), respetivamente. Considerando apenas a primeira avaliação, independentemente da época, 2017/18 apresentou um aumento estatisticamente significativo de 0,42 (IC95%: (-0,2; 0,5)) (p=0,004), quando comparado a 2015/16. Em relação ao 6º ano, a classificação-média (DP) foi de 16,97 (0,92), 17,17 (0,96) e 17,36 (0,90) para os anos de 2016/17 a 2018/19 (p<0,001), respetivamente. A correlação de Pearson entre as pontuações do 5º e 6º anos foi de 0.28 (95%CI:0.20-0.35). Não foi observada qualquer interação entre o ano letivo e a associação entre as classificações do 5º e 6º anos. Conclusões: O impacto da reforma curricular parece ter sido pequeno, tanto a curto, quanto a longo prazo. Palavras-chave: medicina, educação; curricular, reforma; estágios; bloco; integrado.
Objectives: Revising a medical curriculum is a complex, challenging, process, that can have a lasting impact on the quality of future generations of physicians. The Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto (FMUP)'s 5th-year Pediatrics course has recently been updated from block-based rotations to an integrated clerkship. This study aimed primarily to assess the impact of curriculum changes in the course of Pediatrics on the academic performance of medical students at the FMUP. Methods: We compared student's Pediatrics' academic performance over four consecutive school years. Two years of block rotations (2015/16 and 2016/17, n=528) and two years of integrated clerkship (2017/18 and 2018/19, n=485) were analyzed regarding the 5th year (short-term), as well as three years (2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19) relating to the 6th year (long-term). Results: The 5th years' mean score (SD) was 15.24 (1.38), 16.59 (1.66), 15.38 (1.89) and 15.13 (2.00) for years 2015/16 through to 2018/19 (p<0.001), respectively. Considering only the first assessment, regardless of season, 2017/18 showed a statistically significant increase of 0.42 (95%CI: (-0.2;0.5)) (p=0.004), when compared to 2015/16. Regarding the 6th year, the mean score (SD) was 16.97 (0.92), 17.17 (0.96) and 17.36 (0.90) for years 2016/17 through to 2018/19 (p<0.001), respectively. Pearson's correlation between 5th and 6th-years' scores was 0.28 (95%CI:0.20-0.35). There was no interaction observed between academic year and the association between 5th and 6th-year grades. Conclusions: The impact of the curriculum reform on student performance appears to have been small, in both the short and long term. Keywords: medical, education; curricular, reform; clerkships; block; integrated.

Objetivo: Reformar um currículo médico é um processo complexo e desafiante, que pode ter um impacto duradouro na qualidade de futuras gerações de médicos. A disciplina de 5º ano de Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP) foi recentemente atualizada de rotações por blocos para um estágio integrado. Este estudo procurou primariamente avaliar o impacto das alterações curriculares na disciplina de Pediatria no desempenho académico dos estudantes de medicina da FMUP. Métodos: Comparámos o desempenho académico dos alunos de Pediatria durante quatro anos consecutivos. Foram analisados dois anos de rotações por blocos (2015/16 e 2016/17, n=542) e dois anos de estágio integrado (18/18 e 2018/19, n=609) em relação ao 5º ano (curto-prazo), bem como três anos (2016/17, 2017/18 e 2018/19) relativos ao 6º ano (longo-prazo). Resultados: A classificação-média (DP) do 5º ano foi de 15,24 (1,38), 16,59 (1,66), 15,38 (1,89) e 15,13 (2,00), para os anos de 2015/16 a 2018/19 (p<0,001), respetivamente. Considerando apenas a primeira avaliação, independentemente da época, 2017/18 apresentou um aumento estatisticamente significativo de 0,42 (IC95%: (-0,2; 0,5)) (p=0,004), quando comparado a 2015/16. Em relação ao 6º ano, a classificação-média (DP) foi de 16,97 (0,92), 17,17 (0,96) e 17,36 (0,90) para os anos de 2016/17 a 2018/19 (p<0,001), respetivamente. A correlação de Pearson entre as pontuações do 5º e 6º anos foi de 0.28 (95%CI:0.20-0.35). Não foi observada qualquer interação entre o ano letivo e a associação entre as classificações do 5º e 6º anos. Conclusões: O impacto da reforma curricular parece ter sido pequeno, tanto a curto, quanto a longo prazo. Palavras-chave: medicina, educação; curricular, reforma; estágios; bloco; integrado.
Objectives: Revising a medical curriculum is a complex, challenging, process, that can have a lasting impact on the quality of future generations of physicians. The Faculty of Medicine of The University of Porto (FMUP)'s 5th-year Pediatrics course has recently been updated from block-based rotations to an integrated clerkship. This study aimed primarily to assess the impact of curriculum changes in the course of Pediatrics on the academic performance of medical students at the FMUP. Methods: We compared student's Pediatrics' academic performance over four consecutive school years. Two years of block rotations (2015/16 and 2016/17, n=528) and two years of integrated clerkship (2017/18 and 2018/19, n=485) were analyzed regarding the 5th year (short-term), as well as three years (2016/17, 2017/18 and 2018/19) relating to the 6th year (long-term). Results: The 5th years' mean score (SD) was 15.24 (1.38), 16.59 (1.66), 15.38 (1.89) and 15.13 (2.00) for years 2015/16 through to 2018/19 (p<0.001), respectively. Considering only the first assessment, regardless of season, 2017/18 showed a statistically significant increase of 0.42 (95%CI: (-0.2;0.5)) (p=0.004), when compared to 2015/16. Regarding the 6th year, the mean score (SD) was 16.97 (0.92), 17.17 (0.96) and 17.36 (0.90) for years 2016/17 through to 2018/19 (p<0.001), respectively. Pearson's correlation between 5th and 6th-years' scores was 0.28 (95%CI:0.20-0.35). There was no interaction observed between academic year and the association between 5th and 6th-year grades. Conclusions: The impact of the curriculum reform on student performance appears to have been small, in both the short and long term. Keywords: medical, education; curricular, reform; clerkships; block; integrated.

The thesis is an analysis of the birth of the Rhesus (Rh) Factor Research Programme in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba. Rh Factor is one of the blood groups which can lead a pregnant mother to react to her baby’s blood and destroy it. Research on this disorder yielded one of Manitoba’s most profound medical discoveries. The account reveals that three elements contributed to this research, namely the researcher, the circumstances and chance. The narrative identifies the researcher, Dr. Bruce Chown, as a major influence in the development of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba. The conditions nationally and locally that enabled him to succeed in his research are examined. The role of chance in his picking a research subject is considered. The story of Bruce Chown and the start of the Rh research illustrates the beginnings of medical research in Manitoba. The primary sources for the study were the Archives of the University of Manitoba, Archives Manitoba and the National Archives Ottawa.

The aims of the study were to review the literature on the currently known adverse health effects of formaldehyde vapour exposure, to measure environmental formaldehyde levels before and after engineering controls were implemented, to measure symptoms of formaldehyde exposure when compared to non - exposed controls and to evaluate the effectiveness of engineering controls in reducing the symptoms associated with formaldehyde vapour exposure in anatomy students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Natal. Pre and post intervention environmental monitoring surveys were conducted over the period July 1993 to September 1995 in the aforementioned Human Anatomy Laboratory using passive diffusion badges which were then analyzed by an approved laboratory in Johannesburg. Ambient air temperature, humidity and ventilation rates were measured simultaneously using appropriate instruments. Self-administered questionnaires, relating to the symptoms of exposure to formaldehyde vapours, were obtained from all anatomy students over a two year period before or after as well as during their exposure to the laboratory environment, as well as from all exposed staff members (including their control group). Nasal epithelial scrapings of staff members and a control group were subjected to cytological examination by the Cytology Department of the Provincial Pathology service, at the pre - intervention phase. The environmental monitoring data of 1993 and 1994 indicated that the ambient levels of formaldehyde vapour exceeded the American (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and thus posed a potential health risk to students and staff, this was due to inadequate ventilation in the Human Anatomy Laboratory. An intervention in terms of ventilation controls was implemented and proved to be effective in reducing formaldehyde vapour levels and reported symptoms in the cohorts studied, comparing each group to themselves, however, the reported symptom levels did not drop significantly in the group exposed after the intervention compared to the group surveyed at the pre - intervention phase. Whether this reduction is sufficient to prevent long term health effects such as neoplasms and sensitization remains to be established. Hence it is recommended that alternative control methods should be considered.
Theses (M.Med.)-University of Natal, 1996.

Information literacy (IL) is recognized as the overall critical literacy for the 21st Century. Although large amounts of digital information are available, there is concern within higher education that students lack the competencies to assess and analyse sources in terms of relevance to their courses. Information literacy skills are of critical importance in teaching medical students to engage with evidence-based medicine (EBM), often within a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum. Information practices that underpin academic and professional life should be embedded into the learning experience of the subject, and not taught extraneously in isolated silos. Attitudes of teaching staff at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand towards embedding evidence-based information literacy skills into the Graduate Entry Medical Programme 1 and 2 curriculum were examined. Existing integration of IL skills into the curriculum was shown to be limited, and not as high as perceived by educators. Five barriers against the integration of IL skills, and six opportunities for embedding information literacy, were identified in the curriculum. Awareness of evidence-based practice was found to be high, and collaborative teaching of IL skills with librarians was accepted by a large majority of educators. Dynamic Purposeful Learning (DPL) was proposed as a constructivist framework into which collaborative teaching of IL skills could be placed. DPL draws on active and collaborative learning, as well as cognitive scaffolding and apprenticeship, and is suited to PBL in the context of medical education.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine. Johannesburg, 2017.
Background Rational and appropriate use of blood and blood products is important in a resource limited setting. Proper education is required in decision-making and management with regard to blood transfusion. Current knowledge status is required in order to identify target areas of teaching. Objective To assess the knowledge regarding blood and blood products among doctors of varying ranks at the University of the Witwatersrand affiliated academic hospitals. Research design and methods This is an observational, descriptive study using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into sections covering areas of red blood cells, platelets, plasma products, consent, blood ordering and side effects with a total of 40 questions, approximately equally distributed in each of the above sections. A section on the demographics of the participants as well as an opinion section of how to impart further information was also included comprising of 2 questions each. Results A response rate of 33% was obtained from the distributed questionnaires. The average score obtained for the questionnaire was 61% amongst all the doctors. The consultants achieved the highest score of 64%. In comparison, the interns, who averaged 56%, achieved the lowest score. The medical officers and registrars both averaged 63%. The community service doctors averaged 58%. A similar gradient was seen across the different sections of the questionnaire. Participants scored the best in the section pertaining to ‘consent’ with a score of 87%. The next best score (64%) was achieved for the section regarding ‘side effects’. The section regarding ‘red blood cell usage’ and ‘blood product ordering’ was scored at 60%. The section with regards to ‘platelets usage’ achieved a score of 44%. The lowest score was achieved in the section regarding ‘plasma product usage’, i.e. 30%. A statistically significant gap in knowledge was noted from intern up to medical officer level, after which the increase in knowledge up to consultant level was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions The overall results obtained appear to be suboptimal and can be improved upon significantly. Formalized and on-going teaching around blood and blood product usage is required at the University of the Witwatersrand affiliated hospitals, at all levels, from interns through to consultants to ensure that this scarce, but invaluable resource is used judiciously and appropriately.
LG2018

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Although interprofessional education (IPE) opportunities can help prepare students for future practice and patient-centered care, many health professions students in the country are not educated in an environment with opportunities to learn with, from, or about students from other health professions. With upcoming curricular changes at the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) and the Indiana University School of Nursing (IUSN), IPE remains at the forefront of these changes in both schools. To date, few studies have explored student, faculty, and administrators’ conceptualizations of IPE prior to formal implementation. Additionally, previous studies have not compared IPE conceptualizations across these groups. This multiple-case study explores and compares how groups of stakeholders from the IUSM (Indianapolis) and the IUSN (Indianapolis) conceptualize IPE. Data collection included the examination of discipline-specific public documents and one-on-one interviews (N=25) with pre-licensure students, clinical faculty, and administrators from each school. Coding and extraction of themes transpired through within-case and cross-case analysis and data supported the following findings: the ‘business of medicine’ may prevent IPE from becoming a priority in education; stakeholders’ conceptualizations of IPE are shaped through powerful experiences in education and practice; students desire more IPE opportunities at the institution; stakeholders at the IUSN have a long-standing investment in IPE; and the institution requires a ‘culture shift’ in order to sustain IPE efforts. The findings suggest that IPE belongs in all education sectors and IPE efforts deserve reward and reimbursement. The findings also insinuate that leadership, roles, and team training education belong in IPE and IPE culture requires all individuals’ (e.g., student, faculty, administrators, patients) commitment. Importantly, the institution must continue IPE development, research, and dissemination. These findings can help shape curricula as time progresses, increase the likelihood of developing a successful new curriculum, and prompt ongoing reflection about IPE. This information can influence how institutions approach IPE and may lead to a more successful and informed IPE curriculum in the first years of implementation. And, hopefully what is learned through IPE will be translated into healthcare practice environments.

Die vorliegende Arbeit versteht sich als ein Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Geschichte der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig und behandelt das erste Jahrzehnt ihres Bestehens, also den Zeitraum von 1923 bis 1933. Als Grundlage der Dokumentation dienten hauptsächlich Archivalien. Des Weiteren wurden zeitgenössische Fachzeitschriften verwendet. Zur Darstellung des zeitgeschichtlichen Hintergrundes wurden hauptsächlich Sekundärliteratur sowie einige wenige Internetseiten verwendet. Die Ergebnisse sind in zwei Abschnitte untergliedert, dabei befasst sich der erste Abschnitt mit der Gesamtfakultät, während der zweite Abschnitt näher auf die einzelnen Institute und Kliniken eingeht. Die Gesamtsituation war stark geprägt vom Umzug der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Dresden nach Leipzig und der damit verbundenen Eingliederung in die Leipziger Alma mater. Desweiteren verursachte die wirtschaftliche Notlage erhebliche Probleme für Forschung und Lehre. Dies ist auch im zweiten Abschnitt bei der Besprechung der einzelnen Einrichtungen an der Fakultät ein allgegenwärtiges Thema. Des Weiteren wird auf die Dozenten der Institute und Kliniken eingegangen, soweit diese nicht bereits Gegenstand anderer Dissertationen waren. Die wichtigsten Forschungsarbeiten und – soweit anhand von Archivalien belegbar – die Geldgeber dafür werden ebenfalls für die meisten Einrichtungen der Fakultät aufgezeigt. In der anschließenden Diskussion werden zunächst die Vor- und Nachteile des Umzuges von Dresden nach Leipzig gegenübergestellt. Obwohl die Nachteile hierbei zu überwiegen scheinen, kommt die Autorin zu dem Schluss, dass es nicht der Umzug an sich war, der sich als nachteilig erwies, sondern die wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen nach dem 1. Weltkrieg, welche den Umzug zu einer regelrechten Bewährungsprobe machten. Weiterhin wird diskutiert, ob es unter den gegebenen Umständen möglich war, freie Forschung zu betreiben. Hier wird deutlich, dass diese Möglichkeit zwar theoretisch gegeben war, praktisch jedoch waren diejenigen Forscher, welche sich mit Themen beschäftigten, die das Interesse des Staates und/oder der Industrie weckten, weitaus besser gestellt und konnten ihre Forschungen entsprechend schnell vorantreiben. Als Beispiel sei hier Arthur SCHEUNERT genannt, der sich hauptsächlich mit Vitaminforschungen beschäftigte. Forschungen, für die der Staat bzw. die Industrie keine bzw. nur wenige Gelder aufbringen konnten oder wollten, waren dagegen nur möglich, weil sich Leiter und Mitarbeiter der Institute unter Erbringung persönlicher finanzieller und zeitlicher Opfer dafür einsetzten, wie beispielsweise Herman BAUM und sein Präparator Paul KURZWEG.
This paper should be understood as one article regarding the scientific processing of the history of the Faculty for Veterinary Medicine at the University of Leipzig. The paper presents the first decade of its existence, meaning the time period from 1923 to 1933. The archives have served primarily as the foundation of the documentation. Furthermore, contemporary technical journals have been used. Secondary literature and a few Internet pages have also been primarily used for the presentation of the historical background. The results have been sub-divided into two sections, whereby the first section deals with the overall faculty, while the second section addresses the details of the individual institutes and clinics. The overall situation was strongly characterized by the relocation of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Dresden, and its incorporation into the University of Leipzig. Furthermore, the economic necessity caused significant problems for research work and teaching. This is also a ubiquitous topic in the second section as part of the discussion of the individual establishments of the faculty. Furthermore, insofar as such has not been the topic of other dissertations, the lecturers at the institutes and clinics will be discussed. The most important research projects and, to the extent such can be proven on the basis of the archives, the sponsors for such projects will also be presented for most of the establishments of the faculty. The advantages and disadvantages of the relocation from Dresden to Leipzig will first be contrasted in the subsequent discussion. Although the disadvantages of this would seem to prevail, the author has concluded that the relocation itself was not the true disadvantages, but rather the economic conditions after the First World War, which made the relocation into a real test. Furthermore, if it would have been possible to conduct research freely under the circumstances will also be discussed. The fact that this possibility was entirely possible in theory, however those researchers who investigated these issues and wakened the interests of the state and/or the industry were much more capable of expediting their own research more quickly will be made clear. Arthur SCHEUNERT, who primarily performed vitamin research, would be one example. Research projects that either the state or industry could not, or did not, want to support financially were only possible, because the leaders and employees of the institutes invested their own money and time, as exemplified by Herman BAUM and his preparatory, Paul KURZWEG.

The thesis deals with the perception of the education's quality of the master's degree program of Intensive Care (NMgr. IC) at the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University (1st LF UK) of current and former students towards their motivation and attitudes. It is processed in two parts within the specified topic of the thesis motivation and attitudes of students to study in NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK. Introduction to the topic is focused on motivation and attitudes to study, qualification, specialization, continuous and higher education, to the list of educational opportunities in the field of intensive care, the competencies and their comparison with nurses and nurses in intensive care. The research is devoted to explore the perception of the education's quality for students and graduates of NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK in conjunction with other aspects. It contains the empirical quantitative research, which was carried out by an anonymous online questionnaire distributed via e-mail. The obtained data were analyzed by mathematical statistics and are presented in graphs or tables. In the study participated 22 of the 44 students in the 1st and 2nd year and 26 of the 87 surveyed graduates of NMgr. IC at the 1st LF UK. Total research sample consisted of 48 respondents. The research clearly shows that...

O presente relatório resulta de um estágio de três meses no Laboratório de Comunicação em Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra. Nele são expostas as práticas desenvolvidas no local de estágio, os desafios atuais de comunicar ciência e a importância dos gabinetes de comunicação em fazê-lo.
This report is the result of a three-month internship at the Health Communication Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra. It presents the practices developed at the internship, the current challenges of communicating science and the importance of the communication offices in doing so.