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Academic literature on the topic 'University of Toronto. Best Institute'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "University of Toronto. Best Institute"

1

Hajnal, Peter I. "The United Nations and other International Organizations: Sources of Information—A Selected List." International Journal of Legal Information 19, no. 2 (1991): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500007101.

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Peter I. Hajnal, the Government Publications Specialist at the University of Toronto and the author of many reference books and articles relating to the publications of international organizations, has compiled a list of 110 publications he believes to be currently the best, and most useful sources of information produced by international organizations in general and the United Nations and its specialized agencies in particular, as well as books written about such organizations and their publications.This list was originally prepared for the Conference on the United Nations: Law and Legal Research sponsored by and conducted at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, Center for International Legal Studies, St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, Texas. At this important conference, which took place on February 20–22, 1991, a number of specialists discussed different aspects of the United Nations and described the publications, as well as other information activities, of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Mr. Peter I. Hajnal spoke about United Nations publications. In conjunction with his lecture he distributed to the participants of the conference the excellent list reproduced below. The list is published with the kind permission of its author and Professor Robert L. Summers, Jr., the Director of Training at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, St. Mary's University School of Law.

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Melnychenko, Olga. "SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE EDUCATION FIELD AS A CONDITION OF PROVIDING QUALITY OF STUDY IN UNIVERSITIES OF THE WORLD." Educological discourse, no. 1 (2020): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2312-5829.2020.1.13.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of scientific researches of the best universities in the world providing training in the field of education and their impact on the quality of education. The analysis is based on the results of the QS World University Rankings in Education, which identified the top ten universities in the world in 2019, which train specialists in education. In the article the general directions and topics of scientific researches, as well as specific ones, specific to each university are highlighted. The author reveals the peculiarities of the research work of the best universities in the world in the field of education and its relationship with the quality of education. Particular attention is paid to the criteria of quality (success) of the activities of universities, and research in particular. The article emphasizes that analyzing the educational research of the best universities in the world as a condition of ensuring the quality of education can be very useful for the development of education (and not just pedagogical) in Ukraine. It is noted that a high level of educational research will help Ukrainian education to achieve modern quality of study, to provide it on a research basis and to become practically oriented. The author defines the key characteristics of successful research universities, including the following: • availability of basic and applied research in contemporary areas and topics; • carrying out research work focused on the practical results of the research; • a wide range of disciplines included in the educational program in any specialty; • a high proportion of postgraduate research programs; • high level of external income of the university, which is ensured by the implementation of research results; • international recognition of research findings and prospects for their further development. According to the QS World University Rankings, the top ten universities in the world that provide training in education are: 1. University College London, (UCL), (United Kingdom); 2. Harvard University, (USA); 3. Stanford University (USA); 4. University of Oxford, (United Kingdom); 5. University of Cambridge, (United Kingdom); 6. University of Hong Kong, (Hong Kong); 7. University of Toronto, (Canada); 8. Berkeley University, California, (USA); 9. Columbia University, New York, (USA); 10.University of California (Los Angeles), USA By looking at research topics, you can distinguish topics that are most commonly found in universities. In this case, we are referring to non-standard general topics of pedagogical research such as: educational policy, organization and improvement of training, development of standards of teaching, didactics of learning, etc. They are present in the scientific research of the best universities, but the most important place is occupied by the research topics that characterize the current stage of development of education in the world, with all its features, influences and main trends. For example, almost all the best universities in the world are researching on human rights and equity in education. A striking example of such research can be the scientific theme of the Pedagogical Institute of Hong Kong University "Justice and Social Justice in Education". Another important theme that unites the best universities is the topic of developing critical thinking and developing critical media literacy skills for students and students. An example of such research is the Teachers' Training Program for Critical Media Literacy Skills in Students at the Teachers at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

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Merskey, Harold. "History of Pain Research and Management in Canada." Pain Research and Management 3, no. 3 (1998): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/270647.

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Scattered accounts of the treatment of pain by aboriginal Canadians are found in the journals of the early explorers and missionaries. French and English settlers brought with them the remedies of their home countries. The growth of medicine through the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in Europe, was mirrored in the practice and treatment methods of Canadians and Americans. In the 19th century, while Americans learned about causalgia and the pain of wounds, Canadian insurrections were much less devastating than the United States Civil War. By the end of that century, a Canadian professor working in the United States, Sir William Osler, was responsible for a standard textbook of medicine with a variety of treatments for painful illnesses. Yet pain did not figure in the index of that book. The modern period in pain research and management can probably be dated to the 20 years before the founding of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Pride of place belongs toThe management of painby John Bonica, published in Philadelphia in 1953 and based upon his work in Tacoma and Seattle. Ideas about pain were evolving in Canada in the 1950s with Donald Hebb, Professor of Psychology at McGill University in Montreal, corresponding with the leading American neurophysiologist, George H Bishop. Hebb's pupil Ronald Melzack engaged in studies of early experiences in relation to pain and, joining with Patrick Wall at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, published the 1965 paper in Science that revolutionized thinking. Partly because of this early start with prominent figures and partly because of its social system in the organization of medicine, Canada became a centre for a number of aspects of pain research and management, ranging from pain clinics in Halifax, Kingston and Saskatoon - which were among the earliest to advance treatment of pain - to studying the effects of implanted electrodes for neurosurgery. Work in Toronto by Moldofsky and Smythe was probably responsible for turning ideas about fibromyalgia from the quaint concept of 'psychogenic rheumatism' into the more fruitful avenue of empirical exploration of brain function, muscle tender points and clinical definition of disease. Tasker and others in Toronto made important advances in the neurophysiology of nociception by the thalamus and cingulate regions. Their work continues while a variety of basic and clinical studies are advancing knowledge of fundamental mechanisms, including work by Henry and by Sawynok on purines; by Salter and by Coderre on spinal cord mechanisms and plasticity; by Katz on postoperative pain; by several workers on children's pain; and by Bushnell and others in Montreal on cerebral imaging. Such contributions reflect work done in a country that would not want to claim that its efforts are unique, but would hope to be seen as maintaining some of the best standards in the developed world.

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Bradbury, Betiina. "Women and the History of Their Work in Canada: Some Recent BooksSCHOOLING AND SCHOLARS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ONTARIO. Susan Houston arid Alison Prentice. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988.THE NEW DAY RECALLED. THE LIVES OF GIRLS AND WOMEN IN ENGLISH CANADA, 1919-1939. Veronica Strong-Boag. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1988.LES FEMMES AU TOURNANT DU SIÈCLE, 1880-1940. Ville Saint-Laurent: Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1989.LA NORME ET LES DÉVIANTES. DES FEMMES AU QUÉBEC PENDANT L’ENTRE DEUX GUERRES. André Lévesque. Montréal: Les editions du remue-ménage, 1989.WHILE THE WOMEN ONLY WEPT: LOYALIST REFUGEE WOMEN IN EASTERN ONTARIO. Janice MacKinnon-Potter. MontreallKingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992."THEY’RE STILL WOMEN AFTER ALL.” Ruth Roach Pierson. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1986.WOMEN’S WORK, MARKETS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY ONTARIO. Marjorie Griffin Cohen. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988.MÉNAGÈRES AU TEMPS DE LA CRISE. Denyse Baillargeon. Montreal: Remue-ménage, 1991SUCH HARDWORKING PEOPLE: WOMEN, MEN AND THE ITALIAN IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE IN POSTWAR TORONTO. Franca lacovetta. Montreal!Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992.CHAIN HER BY ONE FOOT: THE SUBJUGATION OF WOMEN IN I7TH CENTURY NEW FRANCE. Karen Anderson. New York: Routledge, 1991.PETTICOATS AND PREJUDICE: WOMEN AND LAW IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY CANADA. Constance Backhouse. Toronto: Women’s Press, 1991.SWEATSHOP STRIFE: CLASS, ETHNICITY AND GENDER IN THE JEWISH LABOUR MOVEMENT OF TORONTO, 1900-1939. Ruth Frager. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.DREAMS OF EQUALITY: WOMEN ON THE CANADIAN LEFT, 1920-1950. Joan Sangster. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1989.WEDDED TO THE CAUSE: UKRAINIAN-CAN ADI AN WOMEN AND ETHNIC IDENTITY. Frances Swyripa. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993.DEFIANT SISTERS: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF FINNISH IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CANADA. Varpu Lindstrom-Best. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario, 1988.THE GENDER OF BREADWINNERS: WOMEN, MEN AND CHANGE IN TWO INDUSTRIAL TOWNS, 1880-1950. Joy Parr. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.THE AGE OF LIGHT, SOAP AND WATER: MORAL REFORM IN ENGLISH CANADA, 1885-1925. Mariana Valverde. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1991.NEW WOMEN FOR GOD: CANADIAN PRESBYTERIAN WOMEN AND INDIA MISSIONS, 1876-1914. Ruth Brouwer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.PETTICOATS IN THE PULPIT: EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY METHODIST PREACHERS IN UPPER CANADA. Elizabeth Gillan Muir. Toronto-.United Church Publishing, 1991.A SENSITIVE INDEPENDENCE: CANADIAN METHODIST WOMEN MISSIONARIES IN CANADA AND THE ORIENT, 1881-1925. Rosemary Gagan. Montreal!Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992." Journal of Canadian Studies 28, no. 3 (August 1993): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.28.3.159.

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Skira, Jaroslav Z., and Myroslaw Tataryn. "Sowing on Good Soil: Canadian Scholarship on the Ukrainian Church(es)." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 6, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 51–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus476.

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This essay surveys material published between 1950 and 2016 by Canadian scholars who studied Ukrainian church history and theology. Particular attention is paid to works produced by members of the Eastern-rite Redemptorist and Basilian religious orders and by scholars at St. Andrew’s College and the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, the University of Toronto and the University of St. Michael’s College in Toronto, the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, and the Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky Institute of Eastern Christian Studies in Ottawa.

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6

Leung, Vincent. "VINCENT LEUNG, BSC (HONS), Graduate Student, Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." Endodontic Topics 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.0283_6.x.

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Sonnadara, Ranil, Lisa Satterthwaite, and Helen MacRae. "The University of Toronto Surgical Skills Centre: An ACS Accredited Educational Institute." Journal of Surgical Education 71, no. 2 (March 2014): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.05.006.

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8

Novelino Barato, Jarbas. "MJELDE, Liv. Las Propiedades Mágicas de la Formación en el Taller. Toronto: The Centre for the Study of Education and Work - Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 2012." Boletim Técnico do Senac 38, no. 3 (December 19, 2012): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26849/bts.v38i3.159.

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Resenha da obra: MJELDE, Liv. Las Propiedades Mágicas de la Formación en el Taller. Toronto: The Centre for the Study of Education and Work – Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, 2012, 241p. .

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9

Enros, Philip. "The Origins of the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology." Scientia Canadensis 39, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041378ar.

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An effort to establish programs of study in the history of science took place at the University of Toronto in the 1960s. Initial discussions began in 1963. Four years later, the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology was created. By the end of 1969 the Institute was enrolling students in new MA and PhD programs. This activity involved the interaction of the newly emerging discipline of the history of science, the practices of the University, and the perspectives of Toronto’s faculty. The story of its origins adds to our understanding of how the discipline of the history of science was institutionalized in the 1960s, as well as how new programs were formed at that time at the University of Toronto.

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Dufour, Delphine. "DELPHINE DUFOUR, BSC, MSC, PHD, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada." Endodontic Topics 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00283.x.

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Books on the topic "University of Toronto. Best Institute"

1

Joint Council on Education. Committee on Institute/University Relations. Interim report of the Committee on Institute/University Relations. [Toronto, Ont: The Committee], 1986.

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2

Etkin, Bernard. The story of UTIAS: The G.N. Patterson Lecture, 1989. [Downsview, Ont.]: [Institute for Aerospace Studies], 1989.

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UTIAS. UTIAS 40th Anniversary Celebration - G.N. Patterson Lecture and Alumni Reunion, 16th September 1989. [Downsview, Ont.]: [Institute for Aerospace Studies], 1989.

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VanderVennen, Robert E. A university for the people: A history of the Institute for Christian Studies. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt College Press, 2008.

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SCIEX. SCIEX/U of T video. Mississauga, Ont: Innovation Two, 1989.

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Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Social Development. Annual report, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1984-1985: Wednesday, January 15, 1986 [i.e. 1985]. [Toronto: The Committee], 1985.

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Simmons, Sean Bartholomew. Development of vector graphic and raster graphic systems at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies. [Downsview, Ont.]: Dept. of Aerospace Science and Engineering, 1987.

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Workshop on Advanced Composite Materials and Fibre Optic Sensors (1989 Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto). Workshop on Advanced Composite Materials and Fibre Optic Sensors: University of Toronto, Institute for Aerospace Studies, 10 June 1989. Kingston, Ont: Ontario Centre for Materials Research, 1989.

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Federation, Ontario Teachers'. OTF brief to the Standing Committee on General Government on the proposed transfer of OISE to the University of Toronto. [Toronto, Ont.]: OTF, 1986.

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Fullan, Michael. Preliminary ideas for a restructured institution of education: A discussion paper. [Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "University of Toronto. Best Institute"

1

Eizadirad, Ardavan. "The University as a Neoliberal and Colonizing Institute: A Spatial Case Study Analysis of the Invisible Fence Between York University and the Jane and Finch Neighbourhood in the City of Toronto." In Decolonial Pedagogy, 9–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01539-8_2.

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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Oxidation." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0005.

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Although the enantioselective oxidation of alkyl aryl sulﬁdes is well developed, much less is known about dialkyl sulﬁdes. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University has designed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 8940) an Fe(salan) complex that combines with aqueous H2O2 to oxidize alkyl methyl sulﬁdes in high ee. The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones is one of the most widely practiced of synthetic transformations. Ge Wang of the University of Science and Technology in Beijing has developed (Chem. Lett. 2007, 36, 1236) a Mo catalyst that used aqueous H2O2 to effect this transformation. Secondary alcohols are oxidized more rapidly than primary alcohols. Vinod K. Singh of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, has found (Synth. Comm. 2007, 37, 4099) that the solid, inexpensive 6 can take the place of oxalyl chloride in the Swern oxidation. Viktor V. Zhdankin of the University of Minnesota, Duluth has devised (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 8149) a polymer-bound hypervalent iodine reagent that is easily separated after use, and reoxidized for reuse. Enones such as 11 are versatile intermediates for organic synthesis. Makoto Tokunaga, now at Kyushu University, and Yasushi Tsuji, now at Kyoto University, have found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 6860) a Pd catalyst that, in the presence of O2 , will oxidize a cyclic ketone such as 10 to the enone. The direct oxidation of an alcohol to the acid is not always an efficient process, so the conversion of 12 to 13 would often be carried out over at least three steps. David Milstein of the Weizmann Institute of Science has devised (Science 2007, 317, 790) a Ru catalyst that effected the transformation in a single step, generating H2 as a byproduct as the oxidation proceeded. The oxidation of an aldehyde to the corresponding amide is also a useful transformation. Noritaka Mizuno of the University of Tokyo has designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5202) a Rh catalyst that can combine, in water, the aldehyde 14 and NH2OH to give the primary amide 15 . Johann Chan of Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA has found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 14106) a different Rh catalyst that mediated the oxidation of a sulfonamide to the nitrene, which under the reaction conditions inserted into the aldehyde H to give the amide 17.

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"4. The Merger of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and the University of Toronto." In Mergers in Higher Education. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442677258-008.

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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Functional Group Transformation." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0007.

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François Morvan of the Université de Montpellier, using the inexpensive dimethyl phosphite, optimized (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 3288) the free radical reduction of 1 to 2. Pawan K. Sharma of Kurukshetra University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 48, 8704) that NaBH4 in the presence of a catalytic amount of RuCl3.xH2 O reduced monosubstituted and disubstituted alkenes, such as 3, to the corresponding alkanes. Note that benzyl ethers were stable to these conditions. Ken Suzuki of Asahi Kasei Chemicals and Shun-Ichi Murahashi of Okayama University of Science established conditions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2079) for the oxidation of primary amines such as 5 to oximes. Both ketoximes such as 6 and aldoximes were prepared using this protocol. Primary and secondary alcohols were stable to these conditions. Three noteworthy procedures for the oxidation of an aldehyde to the acid oxidation state were recently reported. Jonathan M. J. Williams of the University of Bath demonstrated (Chem. Commun. 2008, 624) that crotonitrile could serve as the hydrogen acceptor in the oxidation of an aldehyde 7 to the methyl ester 8. Note that isolated alkenes were stable to these conditions. Vikas N. Telvekar the University Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai improved (Tetrahedron Lett . 2008, 49, 2213) the oxidative amination of an aldehyde 9 to the nitrile 10. G. Sekar of the Indian Institute of Technology Madras effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1083) oxidation of an aldehyde 11 to the acid 12, under conditions that would be expected to not oxidize a primary or secondary alcohol. J. S. Yadav of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad observed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 3015) that the activation of a thiophenol 14 with N-chlorosuccimide generated a species that added regioselectively to a ketone 13 to give the thioether 15. Oxidation of the sulfide 15 followed by heating of the resulting sulfoxide would give the enone 16. This appears to be an easily scalable procedure. It is well known that an acid 17 and an amine 18 will condense at elevated temperature to give the amide 20.

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Taber, Douglass F. "Best Synthetic Methods: Oxidation." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0009.

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Karl A. Scheidt of Northwestern University described (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1651) the oxidation of primary alcohols such as 1 in the presence of an indole 2. The product 3, an active acylating agent, is readily converted to other esters and amides. K. Rajender Reddy of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2050) a protocol for the direct oxidation of a primary amine 4 to the corresponding nitrile 5. In the presence of ammonia, the same procedure converted aldehydes and primary alcohols into the nitriles. Several catalytic methods for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones have recently been put forward. René Grée of the Université de Rennes 1 found ( Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1493) that ZnBr2 catalyzed the oxidation of alcohols with diethyl azodicarboxylate. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 3432) a Ru catalyst for the air oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Kazuaki Ishihara of Nagoya University showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 251) that 1 mol % of 10 was sufficient to catalyze the oxidation of 6 to 7. With excess oxidant, 7 was carried on cleanly to 11. Nitroxyl radicals such as TEMPO have long been used to catalyze oxidations. Yoshiharu Iwabuchi of Tohoku University developed (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 4619) a simple preparation of 13 , the most efficient such catalyst reported so far. This catalyst should also be useful for the oxidation reported by Professor Iwabuchi (Chem. Commun. 2009, 1739) of primary alcohols and aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids. David S. Forbes of the University of South Alabama prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1855) 16 by combining thioanisole with N-bromosuccinimide. The reagent 16 efficiently sulfenylated active methylene compounds. Jiri Srogl of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic established (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 843) conditions for the oxidation of primary and secondary amines to aldehydes and ketones. Olga A. Ivanova of Moscow State University demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2793) that DMDO 21 could oxidize a sensitive amino cyclopropane such as 20 to the corresponding nitro compound.

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Taber, Douglass F. "Best Synthetic Methods: Reduction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0008.

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Heshmatollah Alinezhad of Mazandaran University, Iran. developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 659) the reagent 3, a white powder that is stable for many months, as a hydride donor for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. Jean-Marc Campagne of the Institut Charles Gephardt Montpellier established (Synlett 2009, 276) a simple microwave protocol for reducing aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding hydrocarbons that looks general enough to become the method of choice for this important transformation. Joanne E. Harvey of Victoria University of Wellington, in the course of a total synthesis of Aigialomycind D, observed (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 2271) that despite the high reactivity of the monosubstituted alkene of 7, the conjugated alkene could be selectively reduced. Brian S. Bodnar of SiGNa Chemistry described (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 2598) a simple procedure for the reduction of an ester such as 9 to the alcohol 10, using Na dispersed on silica gel. Takao Ikariya of the Tokyo Institute of Technology designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1324) a Ru complex for the hydrogenation of N-acylsulfonamides and N-acylcarbamates such as 11 to the corresponding alcohol, 12. Remarkably, Hideo Nagashima of Kyushu University demonstrated (Chem. Commun. 2009, 1574) that even in the presence of the ester, the amide of 13 could be selectively reduced to the enamine 14. The enamine could be hydrolyzed to the aldehyde or reduced to the amine, but it is also an activated intermediate, for instance, for Michael addition to ethyl acrylate or methyl vinyl ketone. Diimide (HN=NH) is a useful reagent for selective reduction, as illustrated by the conversion of 15 to 17 . David R. Carbery of the University of Bath devised (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3186) a convenient procedure for the in situ generation of diimide from 16 and hydrazine hydrate. The reductive cleavage of tertiary nitriles to the corresponding hydrocarbon under dissolving metal conditions has been known for some time (J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 4219). Reduction of secondary nitriles required more forcing conditions, with K metal and crown ether (Tetrahedron Lett. 1985, 26, 6103).

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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Oxidation and Reduction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0003.

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Although methods both for reduction and for oxidation are well developed, there is always room for improvement. While ketones are usually reduced using metal hydrides, hydrogen gas is much less expensive on scale. Charles P. Casey of the University of Wisconsin has devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5816) an Fe-based catalyst that effects the transformation of 1 to 2. Note that the usually very reactive monosubstituted alkene is not reduced and does not migrate. Takeshi Oriyama of Ibaraki University has developed a catalyst, also Fe-based (Chemistry Lett. 2007, 38) for reducing aldehydes to ethers. Using this approach, an alcohol such as 3 can be converted into a variety of substituted benzyl ethers, including 5. Simple aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols also work well. Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones is one of the most common of organic transformations. Several new processes catalytic in metal have been put forward. Tharmalingam Punniyamurthy of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati has found (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2007, 349, 846) that catalytic V(IV) oxide on silica gel, stirred with t-butyl hydroperoxide in t-butyl alcohol at room temperature smoothly oxidized 6 to 7. After the reaction, the catalyst was separated by filtration. Another carbonyl can also serve as the hydride acceptor, but then the transfer can be reversible. Jonathan M. J. Williams of the University of Bath has shown (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 3639) that with a Ru catalyst, methyl levulinate 9 could serve as the hydride acceptor, with the byproduct alcohol being drained off as the lactone 11. Hansjörg Grützmacher of the ETH Zürich developed an Ir catalyst (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 3567) with benzoquinone as the net oxidant. that showed marked preference for the oxidation of primary over secondary alcohols. Yasuhiro Uozumi of the Institute for Molecular Science, Aichi, has devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed . 2007, 46, 704) a nanoencapsulated Pt catalyst that worked well with O2 or even with air. The catalyst was easily separated from the product, and maintained its activity over several cycles.

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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Functional Group Protection." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0012.

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Benzyl esters are easily deprotected by hydrogenolysis. It is often observed, however, as exempliﬁed by the conversion of 1 to 2 reported (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2008, 350, 406) by Hironao Sajiki of Gifu Pharmacutical University, that alkene hydrogenation can be carried out selectively. Fernando Albericio of the University of Barcelona has developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 3304) a family of thiophene-based esters 3 that can be removed with acid in the presence of t-butyl esters, and that are stable to the removal of FMOC groups. Vassiliki Theodorou of the University of Ioannina has found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 8230) that esters were rapidly saponiﬁed by methanolic NaOH in solvent CH2Cl2. Specific oligosaccharide synthesis depends heavily on the use of orthogonal methods for alcohol protection and deprotection. This is illustrated by the work (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1008) of Carolyn R. Bertozzi of the University of California, Berkeley, who deployed p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl (DMB), p-chlorobenzyl (PCB) and p-iodobenzyl (PIB) ethers to enable construction of a disaccharide, by way of 9. Piers R. J. Gaffney of Imperial College London has reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1836) a practical preparation of the ether 11, that should make this symmetrical protecting group more readily available. George W. J. Fleet of the University of Oxford and Sigthur Petursson of the University of Akureyri have found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 2196) that diphenyl diazomethane 14, easily prepared from benzophenone, reacted under neutral conditions with primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols to form the benzyhydryl ethers. Harsh conditions have often been employed to remove aryl methyl ethers such as 16. Wei Wang of the University of New Mexico and Wenhu Duan of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica have developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 4054) a simple protocol to effect this transformation, by heating the ether to reflux in DMF in the presence of iodocyclohexane 17. Dithianes such as 19 have often been deprotected with stoichiometric heavy metals. Andreas Kirschning of Leibniz Universität Hannover has devised (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 2018) a set of three anionic resins, charged, respectively, with I(O2CCF3 )2 - , HCO3 -, and S2O3 - . Exposure of 19 to the three resins in sequence delivered the very sensitive ketone 20.

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9

Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Carbon-Carbon Bond Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0018.

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In the context of peptidyl ketone synthesis, Troels Skrydstrup of the University of Aarhus developed (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1088) the elegant SmI2-mediated conjugate addition of acyl oxazolidinones such as 1 to acceptors such as 2. Sadagopan Raghavan of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1601) that the addition of a Pummerer intermediate, generated by exposure of 4 to TFAA, to the terminal alkene 5 and SnCl4 led to efﬁcient C-C bond formation, to give the sulﬁde 6 as a single (unassigned) diastereomer. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides and triflates is a well-established process. Stephen L. Buchwald of MIT has now (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2754) extended this transformation to much less expensive tosylates and mesylates such as 7. β-Amino acids have often been prepared from α-amino acids by Arndt-Eistert homologation. Geoffrey W. Coates of Cornell University has devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3979) a more practical alternative, the direct Co-catalyzed carbonylation of an oxazoline 9 to the 2-oxazine-6-one 10. Eiji Shirakawa and Tamio Hayashi of Kyoto University also used (Chem. Lett . 2008, 37, 654) a Co catalyst to promote the coupling of aryl and alkenyl Grignard reagents with enol trifl ates such as 11. Alois Fürstner of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim optimized (Chem. Commun. 2008, 2873) promoters for the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migata coupling of iodo alkenes such as 14 with alkenyl stannanes such as 15 to give 16. It is particularly noteworthy that their system is fluoride free. The stereocontrolled construction of trisubstituted alkenes continues to be challenging. We described (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1605) the facile preparation of the diioide 18 from the inexpensive 2-butyn-1,4-diol 17 . Sequential coupling of 18 with an aryl Grignard followed by CH3 Li delivered 19. Brian S. J. Blagg of the University of Kansas established (Tetrahedron Lett . 2008, 49, 141) that Still-Genari homologation of 20 with 21 gave (E)- 22 with high geometric control. Biao Jiang of the Shangahi Institute of Organic Chemistry reported (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 593) a convenient alternative protocol to give ( Z )-α- bromo unsaturated esters.

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10

Taber, Douglass F. "Best Synthetic Methods: Oxidation and Reduction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0010.

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Johannes G. de Vries of DSM Pharmaceuticals prepared (Chem. Commun. 2009, 3747) Fe nanoparticles that selectively mediated the hydrogenation of Z alkenes and not trisubstituted alkenes. This should allow the conversion of 1 to 2. In the course of a synthesis (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 4368) of centrolobine, Teck-Peng Loh of Nanyang Technological University employed an elegant protocol for the reduction of the secondary bromide 3. István Markó of the Université catholique de Louvain observed (Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 10930) that toluates such as 5 can be reduced smoothly with SmI2 to the corresponding C-H. Dan Yang of the University of Hong Kong devised (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 3302) a triethylsilane-based procedure for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones such as 7. Jon A. Tunge of the University of Kansas developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16626) a complementary protocol for the conversion of an aldehyde or ketone to the protected amine 12. Mark T. Hamann of the University of Mississippi established (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 3901) that a nitroaromatic 13 could be reduced in the presence of an acid chloride 14 to deliver the amide 15 directly. Matthias Beller of the Universität Rostock (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9507) and Hideo Nagashima of Kyushu University (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9511; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 15032) reported parallel investigations of the silane-based reduction of an amide 16 to the amine 17. Xue-Long Hou of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5578) that a terminal alkyne 18 could be oxidized to the α-acetoxy ketone 19. Philippe Renaud of the Universität Bern and Armido Studer of West fälische-Wilhelms-Universität established (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6037) that both zinc enolates and silyl enol ethers could combine with chlorocatechol borane followed by TEMPO to give the α-oxygenated ketone. Stephen P. Marsden of the University of Leeds devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 6106) a protocol for oxidizing a primary amine 18 to the benzoxazole 24, which has the oxidation state of the carboxylic acid.

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Conference papers on the topic "University of Toronto. Best Institute"

1

"The Institute for Optical Sciences at the University of Toronto." In LEOS 2006 - 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2006.278777.

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2

Istrate, Emanuel, Amr S. Helmy, John E. Sipe, M. Cynthia Goh, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. "University of Toronto Institute for Optical Sciences Collaborative Program in Optics." In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/etop.2007.esc1.

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3

Istrate, Emanuel, Amr S. Helmy, John E. Sipe, M. Cynthia Goh, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. "University of Toronto Institute for Optical Sciences Collaborative Program in Optics." In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/etop.2007.etb2.

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4

Istrate, Emanuel, Amr S. Helmy, John E. Sipe, M. Cynthia Goh, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. "University of Toronto Institute for Optical Sciences collaborative program in optics." In Tenth International Topical Meeting on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, edited by Marc Nantel. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2207506.

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5

Istrate, Emanuel, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. "Education Programs of the Institute for Optical Sciences at the University of Toronto." In Education and Training in Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/etop.2009.eta5.

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Istrate, Emanuel, and R. J. Dwayne Miller. "Education programs of the Institute for Optical Sciences at the University of Toronto." In Eleventh International Topical Meeting on Education and Training in Optics and Photonics, edited by K. Alan Shore. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2208038.

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7

Gregor, Milan, Jozef Hercko, Miroslav Fusko, and Vladimir Magvasi. "Cooperation between university and research institute: best practice from Zilina, Slovakia." In SmartCity360 2016. EAI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-2-2017.152175.

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8

Alam, Mohammed. "A Decision Analytical Model Investigating Cost-Effectiveness of Erlotinib." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0145.

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Background: A decision analytical model investigating cost-effectiveness of Erlotinib was submitted to the UK NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), which was not based on actual health-state transition probabilities, leading to structural uncertainty in the model. The study adopted a Markov state-transition model for investigating the cost-effectiveness of Erlotinib versus Best Supportive Care (BSC) as a maintenance therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Unlike manufacturer submission (MS), the Markov model was governed by transition probabilities, and allowed a negative post-progression survival (PPS) estimate to appear in later cycle. Using published summary survival data, the study employs three fixed- and time-varying approaches to estimate state transition probabilities that are used in a restructured model. Results: Post-progression probabilities and probabilities of death for Erlotinib were different than fixed-transition approaches. The best fitting curves are achieved for both PPS and probability of death across the time for which data were available, but the curves start diverging towards the end of this period. The Markov model which extrapolates the curves forward in time suggests that this difference between a time-varying and fixed-transition becomes even greater. Our models produce an ICER of £54k -£66k per QALY gain, which is comparable to an ICER presented in the MS (£55k/QALY gain). Conclusions: Results from restructured Markov models show robust cost-effectiveness results for Erlotinib vs BSC. Although these are comparable to manufacturer submissions, in terms of magnitude, they vary, and which are crucial for interventions falling near a threshold value. The study will further explore the cost-effectiveness of therapies for NSCLC in Qatar.

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9

Gurunyan, Tatyana. "Teaching Entrepreneurship as Driver of Stable Development: Experience of Siberian Institute of Management (SIM) - Branch of the Russian Presidential A." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02270.

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Entrepreneurship is one of the sources of economic growth. For the purposes of stable development UNO considers it necessary to increase the number of people possessing entrepreneurship skills. In this connection, a concern is caused by an alarming tendency: entrepreneurship activity of young people in Russia is decreasing. The international project GUESSS shows that in Russia every second student is going to become an entrepreneur in five years after the graduation, but only about ten percent are ready to start their own business. Entrepreneurial competences are not sufficiently formed at university. For solving this issue an abstract-logical approach was used on the basis of system analysis of the formation of entrepreneurial competences in universities. The analysis was carried out basing on the data of international project GUESSS, and the results of research work in SIM-branch of RANEPA. The department of economy and finances of SIM introduces qualitatively new methods of teaching entrepreneurship to students. The analysis was carried out of the activity of students in the Investment club. Thus, it is proved that an entrepreneurial structure at university and project activity are the key factors of forming entrepreneurial competences of students. Also the agenda of stable development should be integrated into educational programs. The introduction of the best practices of teaching entrepreneurship in universities of EAEU countries will promote the business climate and become one of the drivers of stable development of regional integration.

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10

Nagel, Jacquelyn K. S., Robert B. Stone, and Daniel A. McAdams. "An Engineering-to-Biology Thesaurus for Engineering Design." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28233.

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Engineering design is considered a creative field that involves many activities with the end goal of a new product that fulfills a purpose. Utilization of systematic methods or tools that aid in the design process is recognized as standard practice in industry and academia. The tools are used for a number of design activities (i.e., idea generation, concept generation, inspiration searches, functional modeling) and can span across engineering disciplines, the sciences (i.e., biology, chemistry) or a non-engineering domain (i.e., medicine), with an overall focus of encouraging creative engineering designs. Engineers, however, have struggled with utilizing the vast amount of biological information available from the natural world around them. Often it is because there is a knowledge gap or terminology is difficult, and the time needed to learn and understand the biology is not feasible. This paper presents an engineering-to-biology thesaurus, which we propose affords engineers, with limited biological background, a tool for leveraging nature’s ingenuity during many steps of the design process. Additionally, the tool could also increase the probability of designing biologically-inspired engineering solutions. Biological terms in the thesaurus are correlated to the engineering domain through pairing with a synonymous function or flow term of the Functional Basis lexicon, which supports functional modeling and abstract representation of any functioning system. The second version of the thesaurus presented in this paper represents an integration of three independent research efforts, which include research from Oregon State University, the University of Toronto, and the Indian Institute of Science, and their industrial partners. The overall approach for term integration and the final results are presented. Applications to the areas of design inspiration, comprehension of biological information, functional modeling, creative design and concept generation are discussed. An example of comprehension and functional modeling are presented.

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