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Slover, Gretchen. "A Quantitative Assessment of the Need for Offering Counselling Services to Medical Students attending University of Zambia, School of Medicine." Christian Journal for Global Health 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i2.325.
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Background: This research was birthed in 2017 during a trip to Lusaka, Zambia, with the purpose of offering fourth-year, medical students attending the University of Zambia, School of Medicine, lectures on psychology topics as part of their clinical studies. Students were also offered brief therapy sessions where they could process thoughts and feelings causing them internal struggles. The subject of offering counseling on a regular basis was randomly discussed with the students. From these discussions the need for this research became evident, with the intent of becoming the launching pad to brainstorm the most effective ways of developing a plan to offer counseling services for all medical students attending the University of Zambia School of Medicine.
Methods: An-experimental research design, consisting of completion of a 12-item questionnaire administered by paper and pen. The inclusion criteria were the fourth year, medical students attending the University of Zambia, School of Medicine.
Results: The student responses revealed that most of them had little to no experience with counseling services, but a strong desire for them.
Discussion: The goal of this study was to simply establish a need for an on-campus counseling service, the need of which has been established by the very students who would benefit. With the acceptance of this need, the future plan is to explore the different ways in which this need can be fulfilled with minimal costs to the Medical School Program.
Conclusion: This study is the first step towards identifying the needs of the medical students and sets the ground-work for further research into the specific areas of need and mental health challenges. More specificity in the area of demographics of students will produce a more comprehensive picture of the areas of concentration for the therapists offering services.
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Mitsch, Peter, and Allison Campbell Jensen. "Streamlining Administration at the University of Minnesota Medical School." Academic Medicine 82, no. 3 (March 2007): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3180307113.
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Higashi, Hideaki, and Hiroshi Kida. "Research Activities of Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0818.
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The Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control (CZC) established the Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia (HUCZCZ) at the School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, in 2007 to control zoonotic diseases in the areas of South Africa, where various emerging infectious diseases have occurred. The CZC promotes epidemiological studies and basic researches of infectious diseases caused by viruses, protozoa, and bacteria by using the biosafety level 3 facility in the HUCZCZ. This article introduces research activities of the HUCZCZ in Zambia.
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Slone, Jeremy, Catherine Chunda-Liyoka, Marta Perez, Nora Mutalima, Robert Newton, Chifumbe Chintu, Chipepo Kankasa, et al. "Treatment outcomes of pediatric oncology patients in Zambia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9558.
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9558 Background: Due to challenges in the delivery of pediatric oncology care in low-middle income countries (LMIC), diagnosis and treatment remains inadequate for the majority of patients. The University of Zambia School of Medicine/University Teaching Hospital (UTH) and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine/Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health established a partnership to investigate treatment outcomes at UTH, the only institution providing pediatric oncology care in Zambia, and assess risk factors associated with treatment abandonment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a cohort of patients, presenting from July 2008 – June 2010, using an established database and medical record review. Results: Of the 230 children enrolled in the database, 162 met the inclusion criteria. The average age at diagnosis was 6.0 years; males comprised 55.6% of the cohort; 51.6% had a histopathological diagnosis and 10.5% of the cohort was HIV positive. The most common diagnoses were lymphoma (25.9%), Wilms tumor (22.8%), and retinoblastoma (17.9%). Leukemia and Kaposi sarcoma accounted for 7.4% each. Death (46.3%) and abandonment of treatment (45.7%) were the most common outcomes with only 8.0% having completed treatment or currently undergoing treatment, including palliative regimens, at the time of data acquisition. Residence in Lusaka or Central provinces, closest in proximity to UTH, was associated with a decreased risk for abandonment of treatment (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.41 (95% CI 0.21-0.81, p = 0.009) while maternal education less than secondary school (OR 2.73 95% CI 1.2-6.6, p = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk for abandonment of treatment. Conclusions: At the only pediatric cancer center in Zambia, treatment outcomes are dire with the majority of the cohort abandoning treatment or dying during therapy. Challenges include access to cancer chemotherapy, logistical facilitation, fiscal support of radiotherapy, and community engagement. Further investigation is required to inform effective intervention strategies to improve outcomes.
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Ezeala, Christian Chinyere, and Nalucha Siyanga. "Analysis of the study skills of undergraduate pharmacy students of the University of Zambia School of Medicine." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 12 (September 25, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.46.
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It aimed to compare the study skills of two groups of undergraduate pharmacy students in the School of Medicine, University of Zambia using the Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire (SSAQ), with the goal of analysing students’ study skills and identifying factors that affect study skills. A questionnaire was distributed to 67 participants from both programs using stratified random sampling. Completed questionnaires were rated according to participants study skill. The total scores and scores within subscales were analysed and compared quantitatively. Questionnaires were distributed to 37 students in the regular program, and to 30 students in the parallel program. The response rate was 100%. Students had moderate to good study skills: 22 respondents (32.8%) showed good study skills, while 45 respondents (67.2%) were found to have moderate study skills. Students in the parallel program demonstrated significantly better study skills (mean SSAQ score, 185.4±14.5), particularly in time management and writing, than the students in the regular program (mean SSAQ score 175±25.4; P<0.05). No significant differences were found according to age, gender, residential or marital status, or level of study. The students in the parallel program had better time management and writing skills, probably due to their prior work experience. The more intensive training to students in regular program is needed in improving time management and writing skills.
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Kabelenga, E., S. Siziya, and V. Mwanakasale. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practicestowards cervical cancer screening among female medical students atCopperbelt University School of Medicine, Zambia." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 2018): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2018.5.3.12.
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Chongwe, Gershom, Bornwell Sikateyo, Linda Kampata, Joseph Ali, Kristina Hallez, Adnan A. Hyder, Nancy Kass, and Charles Michelo. "Assessing training needs in health research ethics: a case study from the University of Zambia School of Medicine." Global Bioethics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11287462.2020.1853001.
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Hachaambwa, Lottie, Cassidy Claassen, Lloyd Mulenga, Nason Lambwe, Izukanji Sikazwe, Douglas Watson, Devang Patel, Christopher Bositis, and Robert Sheneberger. "1321. The UNZA/UMB MMed ID Collaboration: Training and Retaining HIV Specialist Physicians in Zambia." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S403—S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1154.
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Abstract Background To mitigate the HIV pandemic and increasing outbreaks of infectious diseases, sub-Saharan African countries need increased healthcare worker capacity at all levels. We describe a successful collaboration between the Ministry of Health (MOH), the University Teaching Hospital (UTH), the University of Zambia (UNZA), and the University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB) to train Zambian physicians in advanced HIV medicine and infectious diseases. Methods Recognizing the need for advanced HIV clinical care expertise in Zambia, UNZA, UTH and UMB partnered in 2008 to create a 1-year Postgraduate Diploma in HIV Medicine. The consortium extended this to an 18-month Master of Science in HIV Medicine to better align with existing professional advancement schema. In 2012, UNZA and UMB started a 4-year Master of Medicine in infectious diseases (MMedID), which was then expanded to a 5-year training program combining internal medicine and infectious disease (MMed IM/ID) in order to produce a cadre with wider expertise in internal medicine and infectious diseases. Instruction consists of bedside teaching, didactic lectures, case conferences, and journal clubs. The bulk of teaching came from UMB clinical faculty with expertise in HIV and ID; faculty are either based in Zambia or visit from the United States. Results The MSc HIV program trained 27 physicians; of these, 24 (89%) are in health leadership positions in Zambia, with 17 (63%) directly involved in clinical care (mostly in the public sector), while 7 (15%) work for international implementing partners in Zambia. 1 physician emigrated to another African country, another one died and the third is in clinical nonleadership position in Zambia. The MMed ID program has enrolled 14 physicians. The first two graduates of the program completed the program in 2017 and took health leadership roles within the MOH as well as teaching positions at UNZA. Conclusion Educational collaborations embedded within local institutions and structures can provide advanced healthcare expertise within resource-limited settings. The UNZA/UMB MMed IM/ID collaboration is a model example of a successful university partnership that has resulted in retaining health leadership and clinical care expertise in Zambia. Disclosures L. Hachaambwa, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Cooperative Agreement to Institution, Financial support for the work described in this abstract was made possible by a cooperative agreement award from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to the University of Zambia and to the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
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Zulu, Annie, Scott K. Matafwali, Michelo Banda, and Steward Mudenda. "Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices on antibiotic resistance among undergraduate medical students in the school of medicine at the University of Zambia." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200174.
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Background: The issue of antibiotic resistance has become a global public health concern, with an extensive clinical and economic burden. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of antibiotic resistance among undergraduate medical students at the University of Zambia.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Zambia Ridgeway Campus. A structured questionnaire was administered to 260 randomly selected undergraduate medical students. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Associations between dependent and independent variables were done using a Chi-square test. The statistical significance was done at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Ethical approval was done by the University of Zambia Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee.Results: The study found that 227 of 260 (87.3%) of the medical students had good knowledge on antibiotic use and resistance. The majority of the medical students 252 of 260 (96.9%) had positive attitudes and 195 of 260 (75%) had good practices towards antibiotic resistance. There was a significant difference between the year of study and the level of knowledge (χ2=16.333, p=0.003). There was no significant difference between the year of study and the attitude of the participants (χ2=4.061, p=0.398). A significant difference was found between the year of study and the practices of the respondents (χ2=10.926, p=0.027).Conclusions: The medical students had good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices towards antibiotic resistance. Final year students had higher levels of knowledge and attitude but lower levels of practice compared to other years of study.
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Mwape, Richard Kalima, and David Mulenga. "Consumption of Energy Drinks and Their Effects on Sleep Quality among Students at the Copperbelt University School of Medicine in Zambia." Sleep Disorders 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3434507.
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Background. Good sleep quality is cardinal to good health, and research has shown that it plays a fundamental role in immunity, learning, metabolism, and other biological functions. Energy drink consumption is a popular practice among college students in the United States. There has been little research done on the consumption of energy drinks and its effects in Zambian universities. The main objective was to determine the effects of energy drinks on sleep quality among students at the Copperbelt University School of Medicine. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 195 undergraduate students at the Copperbelt University School of Medicine in their second- and third-year of study. Energy drink consumption and sleep quality were assessed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. 157 students were enrolled into the study. The prevalence of energy drink consumption was 27.4% among participants. Studying for an exam was the most common reason for drinking energy drinks (83.7% of energy drink users). The majority of participants were found to be have poor sleep quality (59.6%). There was a statistically significant association between energy drink consumption and poor sleep quality (p value < 0.01). The findings of our study show that energy drink consumption is not a common practice in the Zambian university setting as the prevalence was 27.4%. Furthermore, the prevalence of poor sleep quality among Zambian university students is high and is significantly associated with energy drink consumption, and there is a need to better understand the patterns of energy drink use as well as their effects on various aspects of health including sleep quality in the Zambian setting. Further research should assess the knowledge of nonmedical students on the effects of energy drinks.
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Ezeala, Christian Chinyere. "Integration of computer-simulated practical exercises into undergraduate medical pharmacology education at Mulungushi University, Zambia." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 17 (February 24, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.8.
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Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether a computer simulation of practical exercises in undergraduate medical pharmacology led to the realization of the intended learning outcomes.Methods: The study was a descriptive analysis of laboratory classes carried out using computer simulation programs. Five programs were used to teach practical pharmacology to undergraduate medical students at the Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences. The study period was January 2018 to December 2019. The computer programs included a pharmacokinetics simulator (CyberPatient), organ bath simulator (OBSim), AutonomiCAL for simulating autonomic pharmacology, and Virtual Cat and Virtual Rat (RatCVS) for simulating cardiovascular pharmacology. Students utilized these programs during their pharmacology laboratory classes, wrote reports, and answered relevant clinical questions.Results: The 5 programs provided easy and precise platforms for students to explore concepts and demonstrate knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, autonomic and cardiovascular pharmacology, and their clinical applications.Conclusion: The programs were effective learning tools. Students’ learning was easily assessed based on their laboratory reports. Although the computer programs met medical students’ learning needs, wet laboratory exercises are also needed to meet the needs of students who require practical laboratory skills.
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Simpson, Jennifer M., and Kathleen R. Corbin. "Audiology: Purdue University and the Indiana University School of Medicine Joint Doctor of Audiology Program: Administration of the 4th Year Clinical Experience." Perspectives on Administration and Supervision 20, no. 2 (June 2010): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aas20.2.76.
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Purdue University and the Indiana University (IU) School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery formed a joint Doctor of Audiology (AuD) program approved in 2002. Students gain foundational academic knowledge and clinical experience during the first 3 years of the program at Purdue University. During the 4th year of the program, students are placed at the IU Medical Center in Indianapolis and continue to gain experience in diagnostics, hearing aids, and cochlear implants. Sixteen to 18 audiologists are involved in clinical teaching of these 4th-year students. Two administrative positions have been created in order to manage this clinical program. The Medical Center Liaison at Purdue University and the Coordinator of Medical Center Clinical Audiology Education at the IU Medical Center have specific responsibilities that create an organizational structure for both the audiologists and the students. These positions provide continued, clear communication between the faculty and audiologists at both campuses. These positions are critical in the success of the administration of the fourth year clinical experience of the joint AuD program.
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Terui, Kazufumi, Makoto Hayakari, and Ikuo Kashiwakura. "Administration of Oral Anticancer Drug S-1 to Outpatients-Situation at Hirosaki University School of Medicine & Hospital-." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 36, no. 2 (2010): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.36.99.
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&NA;, &NA;. "On the scene: Research as a component of graduate study in nursing administration at the University of Washington School of Nursing." Nursing Administration Quarterly 11, no. 1 (1986): 27–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006216-198601110-00005.
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Khodorovskyi, Heorhii. "My Path to Diplomacy." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-10.
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The article analyzes the life path of Heorhii I. Khodorovskyi − Ukrainian public figure, diplomat, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine, People’s Deputy of Ukraine. The major areas of his activity at different life stages, academic interests, contribution to the development of medicine and diplomacy are studied. The paper examines the childhood of Heorhii Khodorovskyi, his parents, educators and school years. After school, Heorhii studied at Chernivtsi Medical Institute, pursued post-graduate studies and gained a degree of Doctor of Medicine. From 1961 to 1969, Heorhii Khodorovskyi – a postgraduate student, assistant professor, Associate Professor at Chernivtsi National University. In 1968, he was assigned to the Institute for Doctors Improvement in Moscow and later to the USSR Academy of Sciences to study foreign languages. Between 1969 and 1973, he was Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zambia. Heorhii also held position of a chairman of the local committee of the Embassy of the USSR in Zambia. The following stage of Heorhii’s life went in Afghanistan, where he gained experience of people management in a foreign country under hazardous environment, terrorist acts, kidnapping and military operations. Between 1987 and 1990, Khodorovskyi was an advisor to the Rector of Kabul Medical Institute, head of a group of scientific and pedagogical staff of the USSR in Afghanistan, advisor to the Minister for Health of Afghanistan; worked in the trade mission of the USSR in Kabul. In February 1989, he returned from Afghanistan to Chernivtsi, where the staff of the Medical Institute nominated him as a candidate for the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine deputy. From 1990 till 1992, Heorhii acted as People’s Deputy of Ukraine of the 1st calling, was Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Women Affairs, Family Protection, Motherhood and Childhood. Heorhii was also engaged in operations on eliminating consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, worked with foreign delegations, was a member of the escort group during the visit of the President of Ukraine to Kyrgyzstan. He frequently went on foreign business trips, in the course of which took part in international conferences. At the Verkhovna Rada sessions, Khodorovskyi invariably put an emphasis on the issues of health protection of Ukrainian women and children, working and recreation environment, labour compensation and family support. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine Committee headed by Heorhii Khodorovskyi adopted a decision on the creation of the National Family Planning Program. In October 1992, he was transferred from the Verkhovna Rada to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. From 1992 to 1998, Heorhii Khodorovskyi served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the Republic of India. Keywords: Verkhovna Rada, Afghanistan, University of Zambia, Chernivtsi, People’s Deputy.
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Almutairi, Naif Saleh, Sharyn Burns, and Linda Portsmouth. "Identifying factors associated with overweight and obesity among intermediate school students aged 12–15 years in school settings: mixed-methodology protocol." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e045877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045877.
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IntroductionChildhood obesity is a public health concern globally. In Arab countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased significantly over the last three decades. The level of childhood overweight and obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is high and continues to increase. This study will explore factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents and identify barriers and enablers to the implementation of comprehensive school-based obesity prevention interventions.Methods and analysisSocioecological model will inform this mixed-methods study. The study will include three phases: (1) a scoping review of the literature; (2) the development of a student survey instrument and (3) a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey targeting students aged 12–15 years with the collection of the students’ height and weight measurements; one-on-one interviews with physical education teachers and school principals; and the administration of school climate audits using the Health Promoting School framework. Reliability and validity of the survey instrument will be examined during survey development. Descriptive, inferential and thematic analysis will be employed using appropriate statistical software.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted from the Curtin University of Human Research Ethics Committee (HR2020-0337) and from the KSA Ministry of Education (4181827686). School principals will provide permission to conduct the study in individual schools. Individual consent/assent will be obtained from students and their parents, and teachers. Study findings will be disseminated via peer-review publications, reports and conferences.
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Mion Jr., Decio, Angela M. G. Pierin, Alberto P. Bambirra, Jorge H. Assunção, Juliana M. Monteiro, Roberta Y. Chinen, Roger B. Coser, et al. "Hypertension in employees of a University General Hospital." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 59, no. 6 (2004): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812004000600004.
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PURPOSE: To find out the prevalence of hypertension in employees of the Hospital and relate it to social demographic variables. METHODS: Blood pressure measurement was performed with a mercury sphygmomanometer, using an appropriate cuff size for arm circumference, weight, and height in a population sample of 864 individuals out of the 9,905 employees of a University General Hospital stratified by gender, age, and job position. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence was 26% (62% of these reported being aware of their hypertension and 38% were unaware but had systolic/diastolic blood pressures of >140 and/or >90 mm Hg at the moment of the measurement). Of those who were aware of having hypertension, 51% were found to be hypertensive at the moment of the measurement. The prevalence was found to be 17%, 23%, and 29% (P <.05) in physicians, nursing staff, and "others", respectively. The univariate analysis showed a significant odds ratio for the male gender, age >50 years, work unit being the Institute of Radiology and the Administration Building, educational level <elementary school, length of work >10 years, and body mass index >30 kg/m². The multivariate logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant association of hypertension with the following variables: gender, age, skin color, family income, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension prevalence was high, mainly in those who were not physicians or members of the nursing staff. High-risk groups (obese, non-white, men, low family income) should be better advised of prevention and early diagnosis of hypertension by means of special programs.
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Kaufman, Nancy J., and Charity Scott. "Innovation in Higher Education: Lessons Learned from Creating a Faculty Fellowship Program." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, S1 (2016): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644239.
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This concluding essay offers reflections on core components of the faculty fellowship program, its outcomes and results, and program design and administration. Amid the current calls for reform in legal and other professional education, the lessons we learned and perspectives we gained during this fellowship program may be relevant to any faculty members and university administrations that are seeking to create more effective and engaged professional and graduate school programs, whatever may be their subject-matter discipline.
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DiBiase, Rebecca Marie, Rachel Marie E. Salas, Charlene E. Gamaldo, Aparna Nutakki, Isabel Elicer, Hrayr P. Attarian, Kenneth C. Kapembwa, Roy E. Strowd, Sean Tackett, and Deanna R. Saylor. "Training in Neurology: Implementation and Evaluation of an Objective Structured Clinical-Examination Tool for Neurology Postgraduate Trainees in Lusaka, Zambia." Neurology 97, no. 7 (April 30, 2021): e750-e754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000012134.
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BackgroundWe established Zambia's first neurology residency program at the University of Zambia School of Medicine and the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a modified objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess clinical skills.MethodsThe neurology training program's 3 participants completed the OSCE exercise in February 2019. We used smartphones to videotape trainees performing a physical examination and oral presentation in the neurology clinic. Trainees and faculty reviewed the videos independently using a standardized rubric and then met for in-person feedback.ResultsThree trainees completed pre- and post-OSCE surveys rating their confidence in elements of the history and examination. Trainees' average self-confidence scores improved from the pre- to post-OSCE survey in every category (pre-OSCE: mean score 6.84, range 4.8–7.8, SD 0.92; post-OSCE: mean score 7.9, range 5.67–9.33, SD 0.86). Qualitative feedback showed trainees found the OSCE helpful, routinely applied feedback, and would appreciate repeating OSCEs.ConclusionsOSCEs improve trainees' self-confidence and can be modified and successfully implemented in a resource-limited neurology postgraduate training program. Important OSCE modifications involved using smartphones for videotaping and a real patient encounter rather than a standardized patient. Embedding the experience within a busy clinic day was practical, applicable, and efficient. Future work should expand use of OSCEs both within the Zambian neurology residency program and non-neurology training programs. Including additional video reviewers could add to the validity of clinical skills assessment. Videos could also be used for remote mentorship and teaching purposes.
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Brown, Bennett. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 4, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v4i1.5247.
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International Journal of Law and Public Administration (IJLPA) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this volume. Many authors, regardless of whether IJLPA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this volume.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 1Adrian Cristian Moise, Spiru Haret University of Bucharest, RomaniaAndrea Kajcsa, University of Medicine, RomaniaAntonio Fortes Martín, Carlos III University of Madrid, SpainBranko Dimeski, St. Kliment Ohridski University, MacedoniaDragoljub Popović, Union University School of Law, SerbiaEncarnación Abad Arenas, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainIvan Kosnica, University of Zagreb, CroatiaJohn Mark R. Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJosé Sebastián Kurlat Aimar, University of Buenos Aires, ArgentinaRose Casimiro, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesTatiana Bachvarova, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, BulgariaTaylisi de Souza Corrêa Leite, Anhanguera University, BrazilThomas Prehi Botchway, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaBennett BrownEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Law and Public Administration--------------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 511Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail: ijlpa@redfame.comURL: http://ijlpa.redfame.com
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Yoo, Dong Mi, A. Ra Cho, and Sun Kim. "Satisfaction with and suitability of the problem-based learning program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 16 (July 19, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.20.
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Purpose: This study was conducted to identify suggestions for improving the effectiveness and promoting the success of the current problem-based learning (PBL) program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine through a professor and student awareness survey.Methods: A survey was carried out by sending out mobile Naver Form survey pages via text messages 3 times in December 2018, to 44 medical students and 74 professors. In addition, relevant official documents from the school administration were reviewed. The collected data were analyzed to identify the achievement of educational goals, overall satisfaction with, and operational suitability of the PBL program.Results: The overall satisfaction scores for the PBL program were neutral (students, 3.27±0.95 vs. professors, 3.58±1.07; P=0.118). Regarding the achievement of educational goals, the integration of basic and clinical medicine and encouragement of learning motivation were ranked lowest. Many respondents expressed negative opinions about the modules (students, 25.0%; professors, 39.2%) and tutors (students, 54.5%; professors, 24.3%). The students and professors agreed that the offering timing of the program in medical school and the length of each phase were suitable, while opinions expressed in greater detail pointed to issues such as the classes being held too close to exams and their alignment with regular course units.Conclusion: Issues with modules and tutors were the most pressing. Detailed and appropriate modules should be developed on the basis of advice from professors with experience in PBL tutoring. Inconsistencies in tutoring should be reduced by standardization and retraining.
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Brown, Bennett. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (November 26, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v3i2.5091.
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International Journal of Law and Public Administration (IJLPA) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this volume. Many authors, regardless of whether IJLPA publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this volume.Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 2Andrea Kajcsa, University of Medicine, RomaniaBranko Dimeski, St. Kliment Ohridski University, MacedoniaDiane M. Hartmus, Oakland University, USADragoljub Popović, Union University School of Law, SerbiaElias Pereira Lopes Júnior, Universidade Federal do Cariri – UFCA, BrazilEncarnación Abad Arenas, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainGeorge Ndi, University of Huddersfield, UKGustavo Costa de Souza, Federal University of Lavras, BrazilIvan Kosnica, University of Zagreb, CroatiaJaber Seyvanizad, Shahid Beheshti University, IranJohn Mark R. Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJosé Sebastián Kurlat Aimar, University of Buenos Aires, ArgentinaMarcin Roman Czubala Ostapiuk, Universidad Nacional de Eduación a Distancia, SpainMary S. Mangai, University of Pretoria, South AfricaMd. Bashir Uddin Khan, Shanghai University, ChinaOyeniyi Abe, Afe Babalola University, NigeriaRose Casimiro, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesTatiana Bachvarova, Special Tribunal for Lebanon, BulgariaTaylisi de Souza Corrêa Leite, Anhanguera University, BrazilThomas Prehi Botchway, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaYusra, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia Bennett BrownEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Law and Public Administration--------------------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 511Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail: ijlpa@redfame.comURL: http://ijlpa.redfame.com
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Nematova, Regina I., and Scott O. Guthrie. "The Introduction of the Laryngeal Mask Airway for Surfactant Administration in Neonates with Respiratory Distress in Azerbaijan." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ejcs.v2i1.61.
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In coordination with the the United States of America’s Fulbright Program for Visiting Scholars, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan invited a neonatologist from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (Nashville, TN, USA) to Baku to discuss the advanced care of and application of available technologies to care for critically ill and premature infants. One of the main focuses of this visit was to introduce a new method for the administration of pulmonary surfactant through the placement and use of the laryngeal mask airway. Training consisted of both theoretical and practical sessions held at the Shaki Perinatal Centre, Ganja Perinatal Centre, Azerbaijan Medical University, Scientific Research Institute of Pediatrics, Scientific Research Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Republican (Central, National) Perinatal Centre and Republican (Central, National) Clinical Hospital. Nearly two hundred neonatal physicians were trained to use this device. The objective of this paper is to review Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome and discuss treatment of this common neonatal problem with a laryngeal mask airway and the instillation of surfactant.
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Jacek Lis, Tomasz. "Emancipation of Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the austro-hungarian administration (1878-1918)." Historijski pogledi 4, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.5.70.
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After the Congress of Berlin in 1878, in Bosnia and Hercegovina we saw big changes. The Austrian government was building roads, and railroad tracks. In the Austro-Hungarian period, also they changed their architectural style; from the prevailing ottoman one to more like in Vienna or Prague. This situation was a short time, in live only one generation. These changes affected to life and behavior of Bosnia and Hercegovinas’ citizens. Was changed several people, because after the Austrian arrive, a lot of Muslims Bosniacs, and Turks, were left this part. There were elites in this place. Their positions, how “new elites” take people which they came from different part of the Habsburg Monarchy; Hungarians, Germans, Poles, Czechs, etc. They were taking new ideas, how feminism. The emancipation of women was something new in these places. The first woman, which was proclaiming the slogans, as teachers. On the article we can show two examples; Jelica Belović-Bernadzikowska, and Jagoda Truhelka. They were born in Osijek, from giving Bosnian part ideas, that girl needs to will independent and need to have good graduated. These modern ideas, supported, in a way, the government because in the country was a school program for girls. Austro-Hungarian politics was building a school for girls, and take some scholarship went girl studied in University, how Marija Bergman, born in Bosnia, daughter of some Jews officials. However teachers not only modern women, similar roles had women-doctors. Girls who graduated Faculty of Medicine, arrive in Bosnia and Hercegovina and help Muslim women. Poles Teodora Krajewska and Czechs Anna Bayerova also take ideas of feminism, but, most important that she was great respect between patience. Propagating the feministic ideas was thinking which affect all women. Most important was not only slogans but also changes in everyday life normal family in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The other day only men can work on the farmland or work. After the Congress of Berlin situations was changed. On the consequences, women must be going to work, often how a worker in fabric. Work was hard, but women first time have their cash. Automatically her position in society was better. These situations have consequences for the city, as like villages. We sow this situation in the book Vere Ehrlich, which researched this topic in the interwar period. In the article, we went to show, that this changing was things also women, which life to margin, how prostitutes. Naturally, their life was always difficult, but the new government also got assistance. Habsburg's administration knew, that better control of specific profession, because this is the way how deal with the epidemic of syphilis, and something like this. In this work, we use scientific literature and documents from archives, mainly the Archive of Federation Bosnia and Hercegovina, and Historical Archive from city Sarajevo, when was document fo Jelica Belović-Bernadzikowska. How method we use case study and analyzing to literature and historical sources.
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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 7 No. 1." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n1p96.
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of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Alex Augusto Gonçalves, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), BrazilBojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, SerbiaComan Gigi, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, RomaniaCorina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, RomaniaDiego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, SpainEfstathios S Giotis, Royal Veterinary College, United KingdomElke Rauscher-Gabernig, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, AustriaGisele Fátima Morais Nunes, Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, BrazilIsabela Mateus Martins, State University of Campinas, BrazilJose M. Camina, National University of La Pampa and National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches (CONICET), ArgentinaJose Maria Zubeldia, Gestión Sanitaria de Canarias – Gobierno de Canarias, SpainJuliano De Dea Lindner, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), BrazilLenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech RepublicLuis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalMamdouh El-Bakry, Cairo University, EgyptMarco Iammarino, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, ItalyMulunda Mwanza Mulunda, School of Agriculture North West University, South AfricaNingning Zhao, Oregon Health & Science University, United StatesQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaSachin Kumar Samuchiwal, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, United StatesSonchieu Jean, University of Bamenda, CameroonTinna Austen Ng'ong'ola-Manani, Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources, MalawiXingjun Li, Academy of the State Administration of Grains, ChinaXinyin Jiang, Brooklyn College, United States
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Joshi, Priyanka D., Stowe Shoemaker, Corrin C. Sullivan, and Neelesh R. Soman. "A Patient Experience Course Syllabus: Integrating Service Sciences Research to Enhance Health-Care Delivery." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 4 (August 21, 2019): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519870008.
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We present here a syllabus for teaching patient experience that draws on service sciences to address the current state of patient experience. The syllabus was the result of an ongoing collaboration between educators at the Hotel College and the School of Medicine at the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. The syllabus was developed after a thorough literature review in the field of services marketing, patient experience, hospitality marketing, management and leadership, health-care administration, and health-care communication and after consultation with subject matter experts. We believe that the syllabus provides an action plan for universities and hospitals to introduce and teach the topic of hospitality and patient experience as part of the medical and nursing school curriculum. The syllabus can also be adapted for teaching in executive education programs.
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Schwartz, Denise B. "Relationship of Visceral Proteins to Nutritional Status in Chronic and Acute Stress M.G. BOOSALIS, L. OTT, A.S. LEVINE, M.F. SLAG, J.E. MORLEY, B. YOUNG, AND C.J. McCLAIN University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; Departments of Medicine and Surgery, University of Kentucky and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky; University of Minnesota; and Veterans Administration medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, California." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 5, no. 1 (February 1990): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453369000500108.
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Yao, Yong-Xing. "Dezocine Antagonizes Morphine Analgesia upon Simultaneous Administration in Rodent Models of Acute Nociception." Pain Physician 3, no. 20;3 (March 8, 2017): E401—E409. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2017.e409.
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Background: Dezocine is a powerful analgesic that can be less addictive than morphine, yet how the two drugs interact in vivo is poorly understood. Here we administered dezocine alone or in combination with morphine to different acute nociception paradigms to explore the interactions of the 2 drugs upon co-administration. Objective: To evaluate how dezocine interacts with morphine in different acute nociception paradigms. Study Design: Laboratory animal study. Setting: Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Methods: Healthy mice were treated with saline, dezocine (0.625 – 2.5 µg), or a combination of dezocine with morphine (2.5 µg). Tail withdrawal latency (TWL) was analyzed prior to and 30 minutes after drug administration. Rats were treated with saline, morphine (3 mg/kg), dezocine (3 mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs. The animals were then left uninjured, subjected to plantar incision, or underwent formaldehyde-induced acute inflammation. Nociception was then analyzed in terms of mechanical threshold (MT) to von Frey stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to thermal stimulation. Formaldehyde-induced pain score was calculated based on the duration of biting and elevating of the animal’s legs. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) was also measured after plantar incision as a molecular index of nociception. Results: Dezocine enhanced TWL but inhibited morphine analgesia in a dose-dependent fashion in mice. Usage of morphine or dezocine alone in uninjured rats increased MT, but co-administering both drugs did not further increase MT. Usage of one drug alone, and both drugs together increased MT and PWL relative to saline at 30 minutes after incision. Usage of one drug alone, but not both drugs together, increased MT and PWL at 120 minutes after incision. Dezocine reduced formaldehyde-induced nociception but co-administering both drugs did not further reduce pain behavior. Limitations: The results were obtained from animal study; clinical investigations will be needed to clarify their interaction. Conclusion: Dezocine antagonizes morphine analgesia on acute nociception upon simultaneous administration. Key words: Dezocine, morphine, acute nociception, analgesia
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Qiu, Jane. "When the East meets the West: the future of traditional Chinese medicine in the 21st century." National Science Review 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv049.
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Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced in China for thousands of years. In the past decade, there have been intensive debates in China about the nature of this ancient practice and its future development. Some critics argue that TCM theories are inaccurate descriptions of the human body that verge on imagination, and so have no place in modern healthcare systems. Other, however, say that TCM has a lot to offer to Western science and medicine and that emerging analytical tools hold great potentials in bridging the gap between the two worlds with contrasting philosophy and approaches. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, five panelists from diverse backgrounds discussed the differences between TCM and Western science and medicine, recent progress in TCM research, and key challenges in modernizing this ancient practice. Hongxin Cao Director of Science and Technology Bureau, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China Aiping Lu Dean of the School of Chinese Medicine at Hong Kong Baptist University Yiling Wu President of Hebei Academy of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine Boli Zhang President of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and President of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liping Zhao Professor and former deputy director of the Shanghai Center for System Biology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Neurosciences in Shanghai
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Fu, Jasmine Y., Cassie Krause, Reed Krause, Josh Mccoy, April Schindler, Daniel S. Udrea, Logan A. Villarreal, Zan Jafry, and Vi Am Dinh. "Integration of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training into Undergraduate Medical Curricula–-A Perspective from Medical Students." Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development 3 (January 2016): JMECD.S38240. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jmecd.s38240.
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The utility of point of care ultrasound training during medical school is becoming more and more evident. At the Loma Linda University School of Medicine, we have formally integrated ultrasound education into the curriculum of all four years. Exposure begins in the first few months of Year 1 and takes form in a variety of educational mediums through Year 4. Whether students receive training through mandatory sessions during physical diagnosis courses or extracurricular workshops provided through the Ultrasound Interest Group–-the experience equips learners of at all different skill levels with the confidence to apply what they have learned to patient care. The successful integration of ultrasound training into the medical curriculum can be attributed to progressive administration, devoted faculty and eager students. The perspective of medical students during the integration process is described in this paper.
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Sopoaga, Faafetai, Peter Crampton, Tim Wilkinson, and Tony Zaharic. "Two decades in the making : reflecting on an approach to increase the participation and success of Pacific students at the Otago Medical School in New Zealand." Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2019.608.
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Introduction: Health professional institutions are required to train a health workforce to meet the needs of their increasingly diverse communities. One approach is to increase the diversity of their student cohorts. This article provides some reflections on the approach from one institution to increase the participation and success of Pacific students, an under-represented group in its medical programme.
Methods: A review of the University’s strategic documents and initiatives to improve the participation and success of Pacific students in the medical programme was conducted. The total number of Pacific students enrolled in medicine and their completion rates from 1996 to 2016 was requested from central university administration. The academic performance of Pacific students for the same period was requested from the medical school administration. The two extracts were merged and the annual performance for all Pacific students was analysed using Microsoft Excel. Interpretation of the results and perspectives discussed are shaped by the authors’ institutional knowledge.
Results: The earliest recorded efforts to increase the participation of Pacific students in the medical programme was through an affirmative action approach in 1951. Pacific student numbers, however, did not increase over subsequent years, until a more strategic approach was taken through the establishment of a Pacific Strategic Framework in 2011. The Framework coordinated a University-wide approach, engaged senior University leaders in the process, empowered Pacific staff, enabled targeted support for students and meaningful engagements with Pacific communities. These coordinated efforts coincided with positive outcomes for Pacific students’ in the medical programme.
Conclusions: The building of capacity and capability for under-represented groups require patience, persistence, advocacy, diplomacy and risk-taking. Having a university-wide strategic approach that is endorsed at the highest levels, supported well through appropriate resourcing, including the empowerment of minority leadership within the institution is required. It is important also for senior institutional leadership to be consciously aware of institutional racism and the historical, economic and social forces that lie behind it. Last by not least, building genuine and meaningful engagements with these minority communities is vital, and will support institutional efforts to meet the needs of their diverse communities.
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Ferreira, Cristiane M., Erica F. Vasconcelos- Pereira, Vanessa M. de Oliveira, Liliane Bernardes Campos, Vanessa T. G. de Matos, Monica C. Toffoli-Kadri, and Maria T. F. D. Monreal. "Pharmaceutical Service for Multiple Sclerosis Carriers in Brazil: A State Model." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 13 (October 24, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n13p32.
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The Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Care is the Brazilian Unified Health System strategy that aims to ensure comprehensive drug treatment at an outpatient level and improve access to high complexity, high cost treatments, such as multiple sclerosis. Given the diversity of treatments available and the differences in financing and dispensing in different countries, the objective of this study was to present the workings of the model of care for patients with multiple sclerosis through the public health system in Brazil in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In Campo Grande, the registration and dispensation of drugs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis is the responsibility of the Pharmacy School Professor Ana Maria Cervantes Baraza of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. In this center, all patients receive pharmaceutical advice on the administration of injectable drugs and oral medications; the storage, preservation, and transportation of refrigerated drugs; and information on the disease and management of adverse reactions. Clinical pharmacy services are also available to patients in a pharmaceutical office, ensuring patient privacy and comfort and enabling the creation of a bond with the pharmacist. The model of care provided by the Pharmacy School allows for the development of pharmaceutical services, encourages the rational use of medicines, and emphasizes the importance of self-care, adherence to therapy, and the co-responsibility of patients and their families.
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Lopes, Oziel Pereira, Renata Donizeti Ribas, Arlete M. M. Giovani, Thais Queiroz Santolim, Ana Maria Carlos, Márcia Knust de Carvalho, and Luiz A. U. Santos. "Evaluation of the Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Orthopedic Patients at the Day Hospital of University of São Paulo." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.java.2014.06.001.
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Abstract The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in hospitalized patients is already well established by studies and guidelines, and PICCs are widely used at our institution. However, few studies have been published examining patients using the device in day hospital systems; specifically, if the device brings about early dehospitalization, if it facilitates quick return to coexistence in society and to work, and how to plan medication administration through this system. Our general objective was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the use of PICCs in patients undergoing prolonged intravenous treatment. We selected patients using PICCs in the day hospital at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology at Clinics Hospital of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, conducted a semistructured interview, and did an analysis of medical records. The most frequent diagnoses that led to use of a PICC were postoperative infection (53.84%) and osteomyelitis (23.07%). Teicoplanin was the most common drug prescribed, followed by vancomycin. Regarding the puncture site, the basilic vein prevailed with 69.23%. Most of the catheters (61.54%) remained in place from 60 to 150 days. The end of the drug therapy was the reason for removal in 66.4% of cases. Regarding pain assessment, 88.47% of patients declared they did not feel any pain or felt moderate pain during the PICC insertion procedure. Based on the data collected, it can be concluded that PICCs are reliable devices for a wide variety of intravenous infusions used in patients treated at our day hospital.
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Jones, Norman L., and Paul M. O’Byrne. "Respiratory Medicine at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario: 1968 to 2013." Canadian Respiratory Journal 21, no. 6 (2014): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/860834.
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The medical school at McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) was conceived in 1965, and admitted the first class in 1969. John Evans became the founding Dean and he invited EJ Moran Campbell to be the first Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Moran Campbell, already a world figure in respiratory medicine and physiology, arrived at McMaster in September 1968, and he invited Norman Jones to be Coordinator of the Respiratory Programme.At that time, Hamilton had a population of 300,000, with two full-time respirologists, Robert Cornett at the Hamilton General Hospital and Michael Newhouse at St Joseph’s Hospital. From the clinical perspective, the aim of the Respiratory Programme was to develop a network approach to clinical problems among the five hospitals in the Hamilton region, with St Joseph’s Hospital serving as a regional referral centre, and each hospital developing its own focus: intensive care and burns units at the Hamilton General Hospital; cancer at the Henderson (later Juravinski) Hospital; tuberculosis and rehabilitation at the Chedoke Hospital; pediatrics and neonatal intensive care at the McMaster University Medical Centre; and community care at the Joseph Brant Hospital in Burlington. The network provided an ideal base for a specialty residency program. There was also the need to establish viable research.These objectives were achieved through collaboration, support of hospital administration, and recruitment of clinicians and faculty, mainly from our own trainees and research fellows. By the mid-1970s, the respiratory group numbered more than 25; outpatient clinic visits and research had grown beyond our initial expectations. The international impact of the group became reflected in the clinical and basic research endeavours.ASTHMA: Freddy Hargreave and Jerry Dolovich established methods to measure airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine. Allergen inhalation was shown to increase airway responsiveness for several weeks, and the late response was shown to be an immunoglobulin E-mediated phenomenon. Paul O’Byrne and Gail Gauvreau showed that the prolonged allergen-induced responses were due to eosinophilic and basophilic airway inflammation and, with Judah Denburg, revealed upregulation of eosinophil/basophil progenitor production in bone marrow and airways. The Firestone Institute became the centre of studies identifying the inflammatory phenotype of patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Freddy Hargreave and others developed methods for sputum induction to identify persisting eosinophilic airway inflammation and documented its presence in the absence of asthma, and in patients with persistent cough. Parameswaran Nair has applied these techniques to the management of asthma in routine clinical practice. The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Asthma Control Tests were developed by Liz Juniper and Gordon Guyatt. The first Canadian evidence-based clinical guidelines for asthma management in 1989 were coordinated by Freddy Hargreave, Jerry Dolovich and Michael Newhouse.DISTRIBUTION OF INHALED PARTICLES: Michael Newhouse and Myrna Dolovich used inhaled radiolabelled aerosols to study the distribution of inhaled particles and their clearance in normal subjects, smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They developed the aerochamber, and were the first to radiolabel therapeutic aerosols to distinguish the effects of peripheral versus central deposition. Particle deposition and clearance were shown to be impaired in ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis.DYSPNEA: Moran Campbell and Kieran Killian measured psychophysical estimates of the sense of effort in breathing in studies of loaded breathing and exercise to show that dyspnea increased as a power function of both duration and intensity of respiratory muscle contraction, and in relation to reductions in respiratory muscle strength. These principles also applied to dyspnea in cardiorespiratory disorders.EXERCISE CAPACITY: Norman Jones and Moran Campbell developed a system for noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing using an incremental exercise test, and more complex studies with measurement of mixed venousPCO2by rebreathing. The 6 min walk test was validated by Gordon Guyatt. Kieran Killian and Norman Jones introduced routine muscle strength measurements in clinical testing and symptom assessment in exercise testing. Muscle strength training improved exercise capacity in older subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.METABOLISM AND ACID-BASE CONTROL IN EXERCISE: After showing that imposed acidosis reduced, and alkalosis improved performance, Norman Jones, John Sutton and George Heigenhauser investigated the interactions between acid-base status and metabolism in exercise.HIGH-ALTITUDE MEDICINE: John Sutton and Peter Powles participated in high-altitude research on Mount Logan (Yukon), demonstrating sleep hypoxemia in acute mountain sickness and its reversal by acetazolamide, and participated in Operation Everest II.EPIDEMIOLOGY: David Pengelly and Tony Kerrigan followed children living in areas with differing air quality to show that lung development was adversely affected by pollution and maternal smoking. Malcolm Sears and Neil Johnstone showed that the ‘return to school’ asthma exacerbation epidemic was due mainly to rhinoviruses. David Muir investigated the effects of silica exposure in hard-rock miners, and mortality in the nickel industry.SUMMARY: The Respirology Division has grown to more than 50 physicians and PhD scientists, currently provides the busiest outpatient clinic in Hamilton, and has successful training and research programs.
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Jones, Norman L., and Paul M. O’Byrne. "Respiratory Medicine at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario: 1968 To 2013." Canadian Respiratory Journal 21, no. 6 (2014): e68-e74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/285162.
Full textAbstract:
The medical school at McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) was conceived in 1965 and admitted the first class in 1969. John Evans became the founding Dean and he invited Moran Campbell to be the first Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Moran Campbell, already a world figure in respiratory medicine and physiology, arrived at McMaster in September 1968, and he invited Norman Jones to be Coordinator of the Respiratory Programme.At that time, Hamilton had a population of 300,000, with two full-time respirologists, Robert Cornett at the Hamilton General Hospital and Michael Newhouse at St Joseph’s Hospital. From the clinical perspective, the aim of the Respiratory Programme was to develop a network approach to clinical problems among the five hospitals in the Hamilton region, with St Joseph’s Hospital serving as a regional referral centre, and each hospital developing its own focus: intensive care and burns units at the Hamilton General Hospital; cancer at the Henderson (later Juravinski) Hospital; tuberculosis and rehabilitation at the Chedoke Hospital; pediatrics and neonatal intensive care at the McMaster University Medical Centre; and community care at the Joseph Brant Hospital in Burlington (Ontario). The network provided an ideal base for a specialty residency program. There was also the need to establish viable research.These objectives were achieved through collaboration, support of hospital administration, and recruitment of clinicians and faculty, mainly from our own trainees and research fellows. By the mid-1970s the respiratory group numbered more than 25; outpatient clinic visits and research had grown beyond our initial expectations. The international impact of the group became reflected in the clinical and basic research endeavours.ASTHMA: Freddy Hargreave and Jerry Dolovich established methods to measure airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine. Allergen inhalation was shown to increase airway responsiveness for several weeks, and the late response was shown to be an immunoglobulin E-mediated phenomenon. Paul O’Byrne and Gail Gauvreau showed that the prolonged allergen-induced responses were due to eosinophilic and basophilic airway inflammation and, with Judah Denburg, revealed upregulation of eosinophil/basophil progenitor production in bone marrow and airways. The Firestone Institute became the centre of studies identifying the inflammatory pheno-type of patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Freddy Hargreave and others developed methods for sputum induction to identify persisting eosinophilic airway inflammation and documented its presence in the absence of asthma and in patients with persistent cough. Parameswaran Nair has applied these techniques to the management of asthma in routine clinical practice. The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Asthma Control Tests were developed by Drs Liz Juniper and Gordon Guyatt. The first Canadian evidence-based clinical guidelines for asthma management in 1989 were coordinated by Freddy Hargreave, Jerry Dolovich and Michael Newhouse.DISTRIBUTION OF INHALED PARTICLES: Michael Newhouse and Myrna Dolovich used inhaled radiolabelled aerosols to study the distribution of inhaled particles and their clearance in normal subjects, smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They developed the aerochamber, and were the first to radiolabel therapeutic aerosols to distinguish the effects of peripheral versus central deposition. Particle deposition and clearance were shown to be impaired in ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis.DYSPNEA: Moran Campbell and Kieran Killian measured psychophysical estimates of the sense of effort in breathing in studies of loaded breathing and exercise to show that dyspnea increased as a power function of both duration and intensity of respiratory muscle contraction, and in relation to reductions in respiratory muscle strength. These principles also applied to dyspnea in cardiorespiratory disorders.EXERCISE CAPACITY: Norman Jones and Moran Campbell developed a system for noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing using an incremental exercise test, and more complex studies with measurement of mixed venousPCO2by rebreathing. The 6 min walk test was validated by Gordon Guyatt. Kieran Killian and Norman Jones introduced routine muscle strength measurements in clinical testing and symptom assessment in exercise testing. Muscle strength training improved exercise capacity in older subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.METABOLISM AND ACID-BASE CONTROL IN EXERCISE: After showing that imposed acidosis reduced, and alkalosis improved performance, Norman Jones, John Sutton and George Heigenhauser investigated the interactions between acid-base status and metabolism in exercise.HIGH-ALTITUDE MEDICINE: John Sutton and Peter Powles participated in high-altitude research on Mount Logan (Yukon), demonstrating sleep hypoxemia in acute mountain sickness and its reversal by acetazol-amide, and participated in Operation Everest II.EPIDEMIOLOGY: David Pengelly and Tony Kerrigan followed children living in areas with differing air quality to show that lung development was adversely affected by pollution and maternal smoking. Malcolm Sears and Neil Johnstone showed that the ‘return to school’ asthma exacerbation epidemic was due mainly to rhinoviruses. David Muir investigated the effects of silica exposure in hard-rock miners, and mortality in the nickel industry.SUMMARY: The Respirology Division has grown to more than 50 physicians and PhD scientists, and currently provides the busiest outpatient clinic in Hamilton, and has successful training and research programs.
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Haroutune H. Galati, Leandro, Carlos Eduardo Larson Júnior, Alexandre Merlo, and Carlos Eduardo Larson. "Effects of oclacitinib on pruritus score of dogs with atopic dermatitis seen by the dermatology service of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), Brazil." Clínica Veterinária XXIII, no. 135 (July 1, 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2018.xxiii.n.135.p.60-72.
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Canine atopic dermatitis gains worldwide attention due to its high incidence, and to recent discoveries about its complex pathophysiology. This study evaluated the effects of oclacitinib on pruritus scores of 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis. Levels of pruritus described by owners were diagnosed based on strict exclusion criteria, at 3 moments (days 0, 14 an 28), by quantitative and qualitative scales. In 85% of the dogs, oral administration of 0.4 - 0.6 mg/kg twice daily resulted in more than 50% reduction in pruritus level. The same dose once daily reduced pruritus in 80% of animals, being 44% the average reduction. None of them presented adverse reactions during the 28 days of evaluation. Oclacitinib has shown efficiency in the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis, with high rates of pruritus reduction in both dosages, especially when used every 12 hours.
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Yamada, Shinichiro, Atsushi Hashizume, Yasuhiro Hijikata, Tomonori Inagaki, Daisuke Ito, Fumie Kinoshita, Masahiro Nakatochi, et al. "Study protocol for the MEXiletine hydrochloride administration trial: a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, crossover study of its efficacy and safety in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (MEXPRESS)." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e023041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023041.
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IntroductionSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a slowly progressive neuromuscular disease. Cold exposure often leads to worsening of motor symptoms including paresis. Although mexiletine hydrochloride administration has been shown to be effective for the treatment of several muscular diseases, its effectiveness in SBMA has not been validated to date. The trial will test it as a symptomatic drug for cold paresis. This study is the first trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mexiletine hydrochloride administration in patients with SBMA.Methods and analysisA placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, crossover clinical trial will be conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of mexiletine hydrochloride in patients with SBMA. The eligible patients will be assigned randomly in a 1:1 ratio to two groups in a double-blind manner. Participants will take mexiletine hydrochloride (300 mg/day) or a placebo orally three times a day for 4 weeks (period 1). After a 1-week washout period, participants will take the other drug for 4 weeks (period 2). The primary endpoint is the difference in distal latencies between room temperature and cold exposure conditions.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects by the Japanese government and has been approved by the ethics committee of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, as a central institutional review board, and by each facility. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberUMIN000026150; Pre-results.
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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 6 No. 2." Journal of Food Research 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v6n2p100.
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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://recruitment.ccsenet.org and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2Antonello Santini, University of Napoli "Federico II", ItalyBernardo Pace, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), ItalyElsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária (INIA), PortugalFernanda Papa Spada, University of São Paulo, BrazilFrancesca Danesi, University of Bologna, ItalyJasdeep Saini, WTI (world Technology Ingredients), Inc., United StatesLuis Patarata, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, PortugalMarta Mesias, Spanish National Research Council, SpainMarwa Ibrahim Abd El Hamid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Nicola Caporaso, University of Naples Federico II, ItalyPalmiro poltronieri, National Research Council of Italy, ItalyPhilippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, NigeriaQinlu Lin, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, ChinaRaza Hussain, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, CanadaSefat E Khuda, US Food and Drug Administration, United StatesTzortzis Nomikos, Harokopio University, GreeceVasudha Bansal, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), IndiaVioleta Ivanova-Petropulos, University "Goce Delcev" - Stip, Republic of MacedoniaWon Choi, University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States
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Fike, Karol E. "421 Addressing the diverse needs and career interests of animal sciences undergraduate students in a career preparations course." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.365.
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Abstract Diverse career opportunities and interests exist for undergraduate students in animal sciences. Educational programs should expose students to diverse careers and prepare them personally and professionally for future success, though individualized opportunities and effectiveness for a large enrollment course is challenging. At Kansas State University, Animal Sciences Career Preparations is a compulsory course for junior or seniors (average enrollment=232). This one-credit course meets once/week with the overarching goal being to help students describe and “move forward” in their career goals. From 2013–18, to determine their intended career path, enrolled students (n = 1394) were asked at semester onset, “Which […] most closely characterizes what you expect to be doing (position/activity) within the 1st year following graduation from [college]?” Most students (32%) selected “Begin school in a college of veterinary medicine.” while 26% selected “Work for an agri-industry/biosciences business/organization.” Fifteen percent indicated, “Begin graduate school (Master of Science, Master of Business Administration, […])” Seven percent chose “Work on [their] family’s ranch/farm/feedlot” and 11% chose “Work for someone other than [their] family on a livestock production operation.” Nine percent selected “Other,” indicating careers with zoo/wildlife organizations or military, for example. Polishing resumes and cover letters, facilitated engagement with university career services, discussion of how social media can influence their career path, and consideration of benefits packages in job offers are examples of activities that all students engage in regardless of career goals. Students can select from several “tailored” assignments/activities specifically relevant to individual paths such as generational transition planning for students returning to family businesses, GRE exam preparation insight, and mock interview participation with businesses for jobs/internships or for admission to veterinary school. Providing flexible structure to course assignments and activities helps students progress in personal and professional preparedness yet allows exploration as students continue to navigate their paths and make career-related decisions.
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Suwanwalaikorn, Sompongse, Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul, Lewis E. Braverman, and Daniel T. Baran. "Differential responses of femoral and vertebral bones to long-term excessive l-thyroxine administration in adult rats." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 5 (May 1996): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340655.
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Suwanwalaikorn S, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Braverman LE, Baran DT. Differential responses of femoral and vertebral bones to long-term excessive l-thyroxine administration in adult rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:655–9. ISSN 0804–4643 Recent studies suggest that thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive doses of thyroid hormone decrease bone mass in humans and growing rats. To determine the long-term effects of excessive l-thyroxine administration on the femur and vertebrae in an adult rat model, 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats (20 weeks old) were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received l-thyroxine (20 μg/100 g body weight ip daily), and group 2 received normal saline ip daily for 20 weeks. Femoral and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density measurements were performed at 0, 6, 15, 18 and 20 weeks of treatment. After 20 weeks of treatment, total RNA was isolated from both femoral and lumbar bones. Northern hybridization was performed with 32P-labeled DNA probes for osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Significant decreases in bone mineral density in the femur of l-thyroxine-treated rats were observed after 15 weeks (p < 0.03). Lumbar bone mineral density was not affected. Both osteoblast (osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase) and osteoclast (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) gene expression markers were increased significantly in the femoral bone (p < 0.001), but not in the lumbar vertebrae of the l-thyroxine-treated rats. We conclude that long-term administration of excessive doses of l-thyroxine to the adult rat preferentially affects femoral but not vertebral bone. This is manifested by decreased bone mineral density as well as increased gene expression markers for osteoblast and osteoclast activity in the femur. Daniel T Baran, Department of Orthopedics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Buescher, Thomas M., and Howard Gardner. "Seeking the Roots of Talent: An Interview with Howard Gardner." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 8, no. 3 (April 1985): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235328500800302.
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What do we know about the origins of talent and its relationship to the artistic products of children? While a number of psychologists, philosophers, educators, and artists have taken diverse paths to locate the roots of talent, few have been as insightful or persistent in that quest as Howard Gardner. JEG interviewed Dr. Gardner in November, 1984, following the publication of his newest book, Frames of Mind, which argues the case for a theory of multiple intelligences (or talents). Dr. Gardner is a prolific writer and researcher who was named as a MacArthur Foundation Fellow in 1981. He continues to serve as Co-Director of Harvard Project Zero in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as research scientist in neuropsychology at the Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, and as Professor of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine.
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Kelley, Michael. "Effect of early initiation of intravenous lipid administration on the incidence and severity of chronic lung disease in premature infants IRS SOSENKO, M RODRIEGUEZ-PIERCE, E BANCALARI University of Miami School of Medicine, FL." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 10, no. 1 (February 1995): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088453369501000109.
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Goodman, Barbara E. "EVOLUTION OF A PARTNERSHIP TO IMPROVE K-16 SCIENCE EDUCATION." Advances in Physiology Education 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00013.2002.
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This article grew out of a presentation at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Pacific Division in Irvine, California in June 2001. The symposium “Sharing Science: Successful Scientist Expert-Teacher Practitioner Interactions” was organized by Drs. Nancy J. Pelaez and Barbara L. Gonzalez of California State University at Fullerton. Goodman’s presentation was entitled “The Team Approach to Outreach Activities for K-12 Teachers in a Large, Rural State.” This personal view report describes the development and evolution of educational outreach programs at the University of South Dakota School of Medicine (USDSM) and the support provided by the administration. The number and strength of the programs at USDSM have grown in direct proportion to the commitment that the institution has been willing to make to faculty members with interests in science education. Currently, USDSM has three Basic Science faculty members who spend significant effort working with K-12 students and teachers and who have been called upon nationally as consultants and reviewers for similar programs.
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Williams, Cathy, Anna Pease, Trudy Goodenough, Katie Breheny, Daisy Gaunt, Parisa Sinai, and Rose Watanabe. "Improving outcomes for primary school children at risk of cerebral visual impairment (the CVI project): protocol of a feasibility study for a cluster-randomised controlled trial and health economic evaluation." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e044830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044830.
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IntroductionCerebral visual impairment (CVI) refers to a spectrum of brain-related vision problems. CVI is associated with poor educational and mental health outcomes. An intervention has been developed to help children with CVI, involving input from clinicians, teachers and parents. The effectiveness of this intervention needs to be evaluated. This study aims to guide any refinements to the intervention or the design of a future cluster-randomised trial that may be needed.Methods and analysisThis study will include all methods anticipated for a future cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eight primary schools will be recruited and randomised to receive the intervention or carry on with usual practice. The intervention will comprise an information pack for schools and access to a local paediatric ophthalmology clinic (who are prepared to assess them for CVI), for up to 5% of participating children. Outcome assessments will be carried out at baseline (before randomisation) and after 4–5 months of intervention period. Assessments will include children’s self-reported quality of life, their learning ability and behaviour as reported by teachers, and family functioning reported by parents. Cost data will include service use, family expenditure on additional support (eg, private appointments and administration) and school spending and resource used in helping children with special educational needs or disability. A process evaluation (PE) will collect additional data relating to the implementation of the intervention and the trial processes, in the school and clinic settings. The protocol for the PE will be reported separately.Ethics and disseminationEthical permission was obtained from the University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences Ethical Committee. The results will inform the design of a future trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention and will be shared with participants, CVI-support groups and peer-viewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN13762177; Pre-results.
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Yoneda, Naoto, Minoru Irahara, Seiichiro Saito, Hirokazu Uemura, and Toshihiro Aono. "Usefulness of recombinant human prolactin for treatment of poor puerperal lactation in a rat model." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 5 (November 1995): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330613.
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Yoneda N, Irahara M, Saito S, Uemura H, Aono T. Usefulness of recombinant human prolactin for treatment of poor puerperal lactation in a rat model. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:613–7. ISSN 0804–4643 Recombinant human prolactin (r-hPRL) was produced by a line of murine C127 cells transfected with human PRL gene. To assess the biological efficacy of r-hPRL in vivo, we studied its influence on milk secretion using a rat model in which lactation was reduced by bromocriptine treatment. Puerperal rats were injected daily for 9 days after delivery with bromocriptine or bromocriptine plus r-hPRL, and lactational performance was assessed by weighing the pups. The concentrations of rat and human PRL in rat serum were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and the mammary glands were examined on postpartum day 10. Daily injection of bromocriptine (0.1 mg/rat) significantly reduced the endogenous level of rat PRL and impaired the weight gain of the pups. Administration of r-hPRL increased the serum level of human PRL. Daily injections of r-hPRL (50 μg/rat, twice a day) restored lactational performance and significantly increased the weight of the pups. The detrimental effect of bromocriptine on the mammary glands, assessed by both weight and histological appearance, was reversed by administration of r-hPRL. These results demonstrate that r-hPRL is biologically active in vivo and replacement therapy of r-hPRL is effective in improving the lactational performance in bromocriptine-treated rats, and also that r-hPRL may be useful for the treatment of women with poor lactation. Naoto Yoneda, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770, Japan
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Al Abri, Mahmood Z., Mohamed A. H. Farag, Asaad S. Al Mosawi, and Salah T. Al Awaidy. "Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Patterns of Substance Use Disorder in Oman." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): e296-303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.04.004.
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Objectives: Substance use disorder is a global challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an updated view of socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of substance use in Oman. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2004 and 2018. Data were retrieved from Oman’s National Drug Addict Registry. The data collected included the socio-demographic characteristics of registered cases, the proportion of various psychoactive substances’ consumption and their routes of administration, the associated sociodemographic determinants as well as comorbid conditions. Results: A total of 6,453 cases were registered during the study’s timeframe. The majority of which were Omani (97.9%), male (98.7%), single (57.9%), unemployed (50.2%), had an education level below university (81.0%) and were adolescents and young adults (77.0%). Opiates were the most common substance used (66.6%) and more than half of the sample were polydrug users (51.0%). Injecting-drug users constituted 53.4% of the total registered cases. The proportion of people with hepatitis virus C, hepatits virus B and HIV among the registered cases were 46.9%, 5.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings are in favour of rapidly escalating the introduction of a substance use preventive programme at all school levels as well as making opioid substitution therapy and other harm reduction programmes available in Oman. Keywords: Substance Use Disorders; Intravenous Drug Abuse; Opioid-Related Disorders; Comorbidity; Oman.
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Kaiser, Heather E., Daniel J. Barnett, Awori J. Hayanga, Meghan E. Brown, and Andrew T. Filak. "Medical Students' Participation in the 2009 Novel H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Administration: Policy Alternatives for Effective Student Utilization to Enhance Surge Capacity in Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.33.
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ABSTRACTAs cases of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza became prevalent in Cincinnati, Ohio, Hamilton County Public Health called upon the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine to enhance its surge capacity in vaccination administration. Although the collaboration was well organized, it became evident that a system should exist for medical students' involvement in disaster response and recovery efforts in advance of a disaster. Therefore, 5 policy alternatives for effective utilization of medical students in disaster-response efforts have been examined: maintaining the status quo, enhancing the Medical Reserve Corps, creating medical school–based disaster-response units, using students within another selected disaster-response organization, or devising an entirely new plan for medical students' utilization. The intent of presenting these policy alternatives is to foster a policy dialogue around creating a more formalized approach for integrating medical students into disaster surge capacity–enhancement strategies. Using medical students to supplement the current and future workforce may help substantially in achieving goals related to workforce requirements. Discussions will be necessary to translate policy into practice.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:150–153)
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Osborn, M. J. "The Way It Was." Annual Review of Microbiology 73, no. 1 (September 8, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115834.
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Mary Osborn was a native Californian. She was an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley, where she worked in the laboratory of I.L. Chaikoff. She received her PhD at the University of Washington, where her work on the role of folic acid coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism revealed the mechanism of action of methotrexate. After postdoctoral training with Bernard Horecker in the Department of Microbiology at New York University (NYU), she embarked on her research career as a faculty member in the NYU Department of Microbiology and in the Department of Molecular Biology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. In 1968 she moved as one of the founding faculty of the new medical school of the University of Connecticut, where she remained until her retirement in 2014. Her research was focused on the biosynthesis of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria and on the assembly of the bacterial cell envelope. She made seminal contributions in these areas. She was the recipient of numerous honors and served as president of several important scientific organizations. Later in her career she served as chair of the National Research Council Committee on Space Biology and Medicine, advisory to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which produced an influential report that plotted the path for NASA's space biology research program in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Dr. Osborn died on Jan. 17, 2019.
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Delgado, Antonio Pedro, Antonieta Soares Martins, and Paulo Ferrinho. "Medical Training Experience and Expectations Regarding Future Medical Practice of Medical Students at the University of Cape Verde." Acta Médica Portuguesa 30, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.8179.
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Introduction: Cape Verde is a small insular developing state. Its first experience of undergraduate medical education began in October 2015. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the professional expectations and profile of the first class of medical students at the University of Cape Verde.Material and Methods: A piloted, standardized questionnaire, with closed and open-ended questions, was distributed to registered medical students attending classes on the day of the survey. All data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Students decided to study medicine in their mid-teens with relatives and friends having had significant influence over their decisions. Other major reasons for choosing medical training include “to take care of other people”, “fascination for the subject matters of medicine” and “I have always wanted to”. The degree of feminization of the student population is extremely high (20/25; 80.0%). Medical students are in general satisfied with the training program, and have expectations that the training received will allow them to be good professionals. Nevertheless, they consider the course too theoretical. Medical students know that this represents an opportunity for them to contribute to public welfare. Nonetheless, their expectations are to combine public sector practice with private work. Medical students come mostly from Santiago Island where the Capital of the Country is located. They still do not know about their future area of specialization. But all of those who want to specialize want to do so abroad. They mostly expect to follow hospital careers rather than health administration or family and community medicine.Discussion: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge about medical students’ difficulties and expectations regarding medical schools or curriculums in lusophone countries. The decision to invest in the training of local physicians is justified by the need to be less dependent on foreigners. Local postgraduate medical training programs are already considered a priority for the immediate future.Conclusion: Cape Verde is pursuing a bold strategy to deal with a shortage of medical doctors. The problems experienced by medical students provide an important insight to help the new medical school to provide a better learning environment for students. The fact that students are not sure about their future area of specialization is an opportunity to guide them towards the areas of the health system with pressing needs. The current feminization of the medical workforce will be sustained with the profile of the present intake, hence the need to take this into account in workforce planning.
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Ni, Huiping, Tomoatsu Mune, Hiroyuki Morita, Hisashi Daidoh, Junko Hanafusa, Toshiroh Shibata, Noriyoshi Yamakita, and Keigo Yasuda. "Inhibition of aldosterone turn-off phenomenon following chronic adrenocorticotropin treatment with in vivo administration of antiglucocorticoid and antioxidants in rats." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 5 (November 1995): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330578.
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Ni H, Mune T, Morita H, Daidoh H, Hanafusa J, Shibata T, Yamakita N, Yasuda K. Inhibition of aldosterone turn-off phenomenon following chronic adrenocorticotropin treatment with in vivo administration of antiglucocorticoid and antioxidants in rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:578–84. ISSN 0804–4643 Chronic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) treatment in rats leads to a fall in aldosterone secretion (aldosterone turn-off or "aldosterone escape" phenomenon) with a concomitant rise in corticosterone. To elucidate whether ACTH-induced aldosterone suppression is mediated by steroid type II receptor or related to a free-radical effect by over-synthesized corticosterone, we examined the effects of a glucocorticoid antagonist, RU486, and antioxidants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and vitamin E, on the aldosterone turn-off phenomenon in rats. Each rat received daily for 5 days a different dose of ACTH-Z (5, 10, 20 or 40 μg/100 g body weight) 1 mg RU486/100 g body weight, 100 μl (1.3 mmol) DMSO/100 g body weight or 2 mg vitamin E/100 g body weight with subcutaneous injection. Plasma steroid levels and in vitro release of steroids from the adrenal capsule were measured. The ACTH-Z treatment caused a dose-dependent increase in corticosterone and a decrease in aldosterone in both plasma and adrenal capsule experiments, as well as an increase in adrenal weights. For the following study 5 μg/100 g body weight of ACTH-Z was used. Administration of RU486 alone caused no change in plasma aldosterone level compared to controls, even though the steroid type II receptor was blocked, as evidenced by significant increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. Concomitant administration of RU486 and ACTH-Z increased both plasma corticosterone and aldosterone levels (p< 0.01) but decreased adrenal capsule corticosterone production (p< 0.05) compared to the rats treated with ACTH-Z alone. Treatment with DMSO alone caused a significant increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone level (p< 0.05) but no change in plasma aldosterone level or adrenal capsule corticosterone and aldosterone production. The ACTH-induced aldosterone decrease was completely prevented by DMSO administration in both plasma and adrenal capsule experiments (p< 0.01). Vitamin E administration resulted in the elevation of plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone (p< 0.01 and < 0.05) but not aldosterone, and it also increased adrenal capsule corticosterone production (p< 0.01) but not aldosterone production. By vitamin E administration, the ACTH-induced aldosterone decrease was suppressed almost completely in plasma (p< 0.01) and partially in adrenal capsule experiments (p< 0.01) compared to rats treated with ACTH-Z alone. Our findings suggest that RU486, DMSO and vitamin E inhibit the ACTH-induced aldosterone turn-off phenomenon in plasma, possibly due to the increase in activity of P-450aldo through antioxidant action or a steroid type II receptor blocking action. Keigo Yasuda, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu MZ500, Japan