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1
Sobolev, Alexander N., and Brian N. Figgis. "Structures of Some Complexes Containing the Ru(NH3)63+ Unit." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 8 (1997): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96217.
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The X-ray crystal structure determinations of three complexes of hexaammineruthenium(III) are reported. They are: (1) NH4+ .Ru(NH3)63+ .2ZnCl42¯, a 8·566(2), c 12·829(4) Å, V 941·3(4) Å3,I 4/m, Z = 2, R1(2σ) = 0·021, wR2 = 0·054; (2) Ru(NH3)63+ .ZnCl4 2¯.Cl¯.H2O, a 8·174(2), b 8·979(2), c 10·123(2) Å, α 80·20(2), β 86·41(2), γ 87·23(2)°, V 730·2(3) Å3 , P-1, Z = 2, R1(2σ) = 0·027, wR2 = 0·074; (3) Ru(NH3)63+ .HgCl42¯.HgCl3¯.HgCl2.H2O, a 8·055(3), b 21·493(11), c 12·625(4) Å, β 90·52(3)°, V 2186(2) Å3 , P21/c, Z = 4, R1(2σ) = 0·058, wR2 = 0·142. The hexaammineruthenium(III) cations in these structures adopt differing conformations in respect of hydrogen atom disposition. Compounds (1) and (2) have disordered NH3 groups in the Ru(NH3)63+ cations, and in compound (1) the NH4+ cation is disordered as well.
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Gourdine, J. L., D. Renaudeau, J. Noblet, and J. P. Bidanel. "Effects of season and parity on performance of lactating sows in a tropical climate." Animal Science 79, no. 2 (October 2004): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800090135.
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AbstractThe effects of season in a tropical climate and parity on lactation performance of 106 Large White sows over several reproductive cycles (301 lactations in total) were studied in Guadeloupe (French West Indies, 16°N latitude, 61°W longitude) between January 1999 and March 2003. Two seasons were determined a posteriori from climatic parameters recorded continuously in a station close to the experimental unit. During the warm season, ambient temperature and relative humidity averaged 23-5°C and 0-831, respectively. In the hot season, the corresponding values were 26-0°C and 0-834, respectively. Over the 28-day lactation period, average daily food intake (ADFI) was lower (P < 0-001) and live-weight (LW) loss was higher (P < 0-05) during the hot season than during the warm season (3-9 v. 4-7 kg/day and 17 v. 12 kg, respectively). Growth rate and mean LW of piglets at weaning were lower (P < 0-05) during the hot season (203 v. 220 g/day and 7-0 v. 7-5 kg, respectively). However, the weaning-to-oestrus interval was not affected by season (5-4 days on average). The effect of season on ad libitum ADFI was less accentuated for primiparous than for multiparous sows (warm-hot 360 v. 2002 g/day). Irrespective of the season, ADFI was lower (P < 0-01) and piglet growth rate tended to be lower (P < 0-2) in primiparous than in multiparous sows (4-0 v. 4-4 kg/day and 205 v. 215 g/day, respectively). Moreover, the percentage of sows that returned to oestrus later than 5 days after weaning was higher in primiparous than in multiparous sows (25 v. 2%, P < 0-001). This study confirmed the negative effects of the hot season on performance of lactating sows raised in a humid tropical climate; the effects of season are dependent on parity number.
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Abdelkarim, Hussam, Natasha Ciampoli, Lara Zwakman-Hessels, Jai N. Darvall, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Chewing gum prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting in the intensive care unit: a pilot randomised controlled trial." Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.4.oa4.
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Objective: To test the effectiveness of chewing gum in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery. Design: Prospective, open label, pilot randomised controlled trial. Setting: Two metropolitan ICUs. Participants: Ninety postoperative adult patients admitted to the ICU. Intervention: Patients administered chewing gum, who chewed for at least 15 minutes every 4 hours, were compared with a control group, who were administered a 20 mL sip of water orally every 4 hours. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was the number of patient-reported episodes of nausea in the first 24 hours after the operation. Secondary outcomes included vomiting or dry retching episodes, and duration and severity of nausea. Results: Forty-six patients were randomly allocated to chewing gum and 44 patients to water. There was no difference between groups in the number of patients with nausea (10 [22%] chewing gum v 12 [27%] control patients; P = 0.72), nausea episodes (22 episodes; [median, 0; IQR, 0–0] v 21 episodes [median, 0; IQR, 0–1] per patient in each group respectively), vomiting/retching (2 [4%] chewing gum v 6 [14%] control patients; P = 0.24), or duration/severity of nausea. Conclusion: Regular postoperative administration of chewing gum in a surgical ICU patient cohort did not reduce nausea, vomiting or retching. The prevalence of PONV is less than previously reported. Our findings can inform future studies of PONV prophylaxis in post-surgical ICU patients. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry No. ACTRN12617001185358.
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Webster, J. "Hand — Washing in a neonatal intensive care unit: Comparative effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v and triclosan 1% w/v." Australian College of Midwives Incorporated Journal 4, no. 2 (September 1991): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1031-170x(05)80257-0.
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Guo, Liu Qi, Shou Jun Zheng, Xiao Li Ma, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for trelagliptin succinate, C18H20FN5O2•C4H6O4." Powder Diffraction 31, no. 2 (May 23, 2016): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715615001025.
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Experimental X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for trelagliptin succinate, C18H20FN5O2•C4H6O4, are reported [a = 18.481(6), b = 8.120(4), c = 7.903(4) Å, α = 89.972(0)°, β = 97.722(4)°, γ = 90.120(0)°, unit-cell volume V = 1175.37 Å3, Z = 2, and space-group P1]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P1 space group. No detectable impurity was observed.
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Turner, Peter, Maxwell J. Gunter, Brian W. Skelton, and Allan H. White. "Crystal Structures of the Pentacoordinate Bromo, Isocyanato, Iodo, Acetato and Isothiocyanato Complexes of the meso-Tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese Cation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 9 (1998): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97150.
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The room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction determined structures of the Mn(tpp)Br.C7H8, Mn(tpp)(NCO), Mn(tpp)I.C7H8, Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8, and Mn(tpp)(NCS).0·5C7H8 complexs are described. The monoclinic P21/c unit cell of Mn(tpp)(NCO) has a 14·82(1), b 17·136(5), c 14·576(5) Å, β 111·41(5)°, V 3446(3) Å3, Z 4. The refinement converged with conventional R(|F|) 0·053 for No 3199 (I > 3·0σ(I)) ‘observed’ reflections. The monoclinic P 21/m unit cell of Mn(tpp)Br.C7H8 has a 9·984(1), b 15·453(6), c 13·583(3) Å, β 103·99(2)°, V 2033(1) Å3, Z 2, R 0·039 for No 2668. The Mn(tpp)I.C7H8 structure is triclinic, P-1, with a 22·28(1), b 14·466(4), c 13·555(6) Å, α 76·32(3), β 81·74(4), γ 74·75(3)°, V 4079(3) Å3, Z 4, R 0·050 for No 9039. The triclinic P-1 crystal structures of the Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8 and Mn(tpp)(NCS).0·5C7H8 complexes are isomorphous. The Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8 structure has a 26·18(1), b 13·503(3), c 12·074(6) Å, α 66·08(4), β 81·36(4), γ 86·71(5)°, V 3858(3) Å3, Z 4, R 0·075 for No 6388. Solvate disorder, requiring a rigid body model, islargely responsible for the relatively high residuals. The Mn(tpp)(NCS).0·5C7H8 structure has a 25·442(6), b 13·746(3), c 12·182(5) Å, α 66·97(3), β 78·59(3), γ 87·90(2)°, V 3839(2) Å3, Z 4, R 0·061 for No 5506. The asymmetric units of the iodo, acetato and isothiocyanato structures each contain two crystallographically independent complex molecules that are sensitive to crystal packing forces. The metal ion displacements from the least-squares planes formed by the pyrrole nitrogen atoms are 0·299(1) and 0·274(1) Å for the Mn(tpp)(NCO) and Mn(tpp)Br.C7H8complexes, and 0·240(1) and 0·252(1), 0·281(1) and 0·278(1), and 0·243(1) and 0·244(1) Å for the independent (a) and (b) complex molecules of Mn(tpp)I.C7H8, Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8, and Mn(tpp)(NCS).0·5C7H8 respectively. The axial Mn–X bond lengths are 2·029(5) and 2·490(1) Å for the Mn(tpp)(NCO) and Mn(tpp)Br.C7H8 complexes, and 2·767(1) and 2·730(1), 2·028(5) and 2·010(5), and 2·067(6) and 2·072(5) Å for the (a) and (b) complex molecules of Mn(tpp)I.C7H8, Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8, and Mn(tpp)(NCS).0·5C7H8. One of the independent complex molecules in the Mn(tpp)(CO2CH3).0·5C7H8 structure appears to exhibit acetate coordination through a carbonyl oxygen.
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Susmel, P., M. Spanghero, B. Stefanon, C. R. Mills, and C. Cargnelutti. "Effect of NDF concentration and physical form of fescue hay on rumen degradability, intake and rumen turn-over of cows." Animal Science 53, no. 3 (December 1991): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020304.
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AbstractDuring two experimental periods, eight non-lactating, rumen fistulated Simmental cows were given 2 kg/day of a cereal based concentrate and fescue hay ad libitum. The hay differed in neutral-detergent fibre concentration (LNDF: low; HNDF: high) and physical form (L: long; C: coarsely chopped). The rumen degradability of the dietary ingredients and of an extracted soya-bean meal was studied using the polyester-bag method.The estimated effective rumen degradability <DG) of dry matter (DM) was significantly higher for LNDF than for HNDF hay (0·490 v. 0·401; P < 0·01). The DM DG of the extracted soya-bean meal and the dietary concentrate were higher when incubated with LNDF than with HNDF diets (0·630 v. 0·581, P < 0·05, and 0·541 v. 0·514, respectively).Chopping the hay significantly increased the daily DM intake for HNDF diets (from 9·9 to 11·6 kg; P < 0·05), while no statistical differences were found between the other diets (10·2 and 9·6 kg, respectively for L-LNDF and C-LNDF diets). Cows given HNDF hay drank less water (42·4 v. 51·7 I/day) and total water consumption, expressed per unit of DM intake, was lower for the HNDF diets (4·1 v. 5·3 I/kg DM; P < 0·01).Dietary treatments did not affect the estimated rumen turn-over rate of hay (0·027 per h on average, k1), hay post-rumen turn-over rate (0·069 per h on average, k2) or the estimated rumen liquid turn-over rate (0·100 per h on average, kj. The calculated outflow from the rumen was lower for the HNDF diets (159·4 v. 198·7 I/day). The daily amount of estimated saliva secreted did not differ between treatments, although saliva expressed per kg DM intake was significantly lower for the HNDF diets (10·8 v. 14·8 I/kg DM; P < 0·05).The HNDF diets gave a lower post-feeding rumen pH (6·29 v. 6·58; P < 0·01), a higher concentration of n-butyrate (9·58 v. 8·32 mmol/l; P < 0·05) and a lower concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (80·5 v. 128·5 mg/l; P < 0·05). Of the C4 and C5 iso-acids, the rumen liquid from cows given HNDF diets had significantly lower concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate and n-valerate (P < 0·01). Hay physical form did not affect rumen pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations.
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Bennett, Martin A., Mark Bown, and David C. R. Hockless. "Tris(dimethylphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0) Complexes of n4-Coordinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 6 (2000): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch00068.
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From the reaction of [Ru2Cl3(PMe2Ph)6] Cl with the appropriate radical anions, yellow complexes of general formula [Ru(PMe2Ph)3(η4-arene)] [arene = naphthalene (C10H8) (1), anthracene (C14H10) (2), and triphenylene (C18H12) (3)] have been isolated in poor yield and characterized by elemental analysis, n.m.r. (1H, 13C, 31P) spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: (1), monoclinic, C2/c, a 31.096(8), b 12.012(4), c 17.078(8) Å, β 104.41(3)˚, V 6178(4) Å3, ? 8, refined to final R value of 0.032 with use of 3641 reflections [I > 3σ(I)]; (2), monoclinic, C2/c, a 55.909(4), b 14.348(5), c 17.573(5) Å, β 105.41(1)˚, V 13590(6) Å3, Z 16 (two molecules per asymmetric unit), refined to final R value of 0.049 with use of 7770 reflections [I > 3σ(I)]; (3), mono-clinic, Pn, a 9.377(3), b 12.229(3), c 15.975(3) Å, β 103.51(2)˚, V 1781.2 (7) Å3, Z 2, refined to final R value of 0.026 with use of 2830 reflections [I > 3σ(I)]. In each case, coordination of the zerovalent metal fragment Ru(PMe2Ph)3 to the diene section of one of the terminal rings causes the aromatic molecule to be folded by c. 40˚ at the outer carbon atoms of the diene. The coordination geometry about ruthenium is approximately square pyramidal, with the diene and two tertiary phosphines in the equatorial plane and the remaining tertiary phosphine in the axial site.
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Liao, Xiaoxiang, Jianguo Tang, Dalin Yuan, Yanmei Huang, Hongqin Yang, Wei Zhao, Ji Yang, Ying Fan, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for menthyl lactate, C13H24O3." Powder Diffraction 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715616000439.
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X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for menthyl lactate, C13H24O3, are reported [a = 5.522(6) Å, b = 11.795(8) Å, c = 17.780(6) Å, α = 50.632(3)°, β = 90.000(0)°, γ = 117.632(4)°, unit-cell volume V = 716.392(0) Å3, Z = 2, and space group P−1]. All measured lines were indexed and no detectable impurities were observed.
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Nolan, T., and J. Connolly. "Mixed v. mono-grazing by steers and sheep." Animal Production 48, no. 3 (June 1989): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004049.
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ABSTRACTThe effects of mixed v. mono-grazing by steers and sheep on individual animal growth rate, pasture carrying capacity and live-weight output per ha were measured in a 4-year (1978 to 1981) experiment, after a preliminary familiarization year, 1977. Annual stocking rate treatments consisted of three monosteer, three mono-sheep and seven mixtures of steers and sheep. Annual average stocking rates were 2·11 steers † 8·1 ewes per ha under mixed grazing and, under mono-grazing, 4·44 steers and 15·2 ewes per ha. The range from low to high in stocking rate in mono- or mixed grazing was close to 40%. Over the 4 years a total of about 280 steers, 900 ewes and 1100 lambs were used.Overall, mixed grazing increased average lamb daily live-weight gain (ADG) to weaning and to drafting from 246 to 265 g (P < 0001) and from 211 to 223 g (P < 0·001) respectively. Steer ADG for these periods was increased from 1·419 to 1·520 kg (P < 0·01) and from 0·950 to 1·094 kg (P < 0·001). The choice of reference mono-grazing stocking rates for comparisons of mixed v. mono-grazing ADG can affect these results. Average live-weight outputs (kg/ha) from grazing for the mono-steers, mono-sheep, and mixed grazing were 663, 690 and 714, the range in the latter over the seven mixed grazing treatments being from 605 to 805. Stocking rate was the main factor affecting output per ha. Because of the management rules used in this experiment mixed grazing effects are more appropriately assessed through ADG and measures based on it than on output per unit of area.Models were fitted relating steer and lamb ADG to lamb weaning and lamb and steer drafting to stocking rates of steers and ewes. Mixed grazing benefits to steer and lamb ADG to drafting were greater as their proportion in the mix declined and increased with stocking rate. At the 50% proportion, lamb and steer ADG were improved by 5·2 and 3·4% respectively at low stocking rate and 9·4 and 6·6 at high stocking rate. Predicted steer ADG to lamb weaning for a given steer stocking rate increased with increases in ewe proportion up to five ewes per ha and decreased rapidly with further increments in ewe proportion.Mixed grazing efficiency was also evaluated through the Relative Resource Total. This showed that under mono-grazing 10 to 13% more area was required to produce the same grazing season output as under mixed grazing. The 10% improvement in carrying capacity was exceeded for ewe: steer frequencies ranging from 1·5: 1 to 10: 1. Explanations for this greater efficiency in resource capture/use under mixed grazing are discussed.Substitution rates for lamb ADG to weaning (2·35) and to drafting (2·86) and for steer ADG to drafting (0·21) were fairly constant over the 4 years 1978 to 1981.Selection of mixed stocking rates to suit growth rate targets for different animal types and to match food supply with demand under varying soil/climatic/topographical conditions is discussed.
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Delgado, Gerzon E., Luigi Manfredy, and S. A. López-Rivera. "Crystal structure of the ternary semiconductor Cu2In14/3□4/3Se8 determined by X-ray powder diffraction data." Powder Diffraction 33, no. 3 (September 2018): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715618000519.
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The crystal structure of the partially ordered vacancy compound Cu2In14/3□4/3Se8, belonging to the system I3-III7-□2-VI12, was analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction data. Several structural models were derived from the structure of the selenium-rich phase β-Cu0.39In1.2Se2 by permuting the cations in the available Wyckoff positions. The refinement of the best model by the Rietveld method in the tetragonal space group P$\overline 4 $ 2c (No 112), with unit-cell parameters a = 5.7487(3) Å, c = 11.5106(6) Å, V = 380.40(3) Å3, led to Rp = 9.0%, Rwp = 9.9%, Rexp = 7.2%, S = 1.4 for 134 independent reflections. This model has the following Wyckoff site atomic distribution: Cu in 2e (0,0,0); In in 2b (½,0,¼), 2d (0,½,¼), and 2f (½,½,0);□ in 2f (½,½,0); Se in 8n (x,y,z).
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Onoda, Mitsuko, Xue-An Chen, Katsuo Kato, Akira Sato, and Hiroaki Wada. "Structure refinement of Cu8GeS6 using X-ray diffraction data from a multiple-twinned crystal." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 55, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199004541.
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The structure of the orthorhombic room-temperature phase of Cu8GeS6 (copper germanium sulfide), Mr = 773.27, has been refined on the basis of X-ray diffraction data from a 12-fold twinned crystal applying a six-dimensional twin refinement technique. For 1804 unique reflections measured using Mo Kα radiation, RF was 0.083 with 77 structure parameters and 12 scale factors. The symmetry operations, the unit cell and other crystal data are (0, 0, 0; ½, ½, 0) + x, y, z; y, x, z; ¼ − x, ¾ − y, ½ + z; ¾ − y, ¼ − x, ½ + z; a = b = 9.9073 (3) Å, c = 9.8703 (4) Å, α = β = 90°, γ = 90.642 (4)°; V = 968.7 (1) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 5.358 Mg m−3, μ = 21.70 mm−1. The standard setting of the space group and the reduced unit cell are Pmn21; a = 7.0445 (3), b = 6.9661 (3), c = 9.8699 (5) Å; Z = 2.
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GANIKHODJAEV, NASIR N., RASUL N. GANIKHODJAEV, and U. U. JAMILOV. "Quadratic stochastic operators and zero-sum game dynamics." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 35, no. 5 (June 20, 2014): 1443–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/etds.2013.109.
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In this paper we consider the set of all extremal Volterra quadratic stochastic operators defined on a unit simplex $S^{4}$ and show that such operators can be reinterpreted in terms of zero-sum games. We show that an extremal Volterra operator is non-ergodic and an appropriate zero-sum game is a rock-paper-scissors game if either the Volterra operator is a uniform operator or for a non-uniform Volterra operator $V$ there exists a subset $I\subset \{1,2,3,4,5\}$ with $|I|\leq 2$ such that $\sum _{i\in I}(V^{n}\mathbf{x})_{i}\rightarrow 0,$ and the restriction of $V$ on an invariant face ${\rm\Gamma}_{I}=\{\mathbf{x}\in S^{m-1}:x_{i}=0,i\in I\}$ is a uniform Volterra operator.
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He, Zhi Jian, Guo Fei Qian, Li Li Zhang, Hui Li, and Shun Yao. "X-ray powder diffraction data for [C6Trop]+[PF6]−, C14H27NOPF6." Powder Diffraction 29, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715614000098.
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Experimental X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for [C6Trop]+[PF6]−, C14H27NOPF6, are reported [a = 16.1879(6) Å, b = 11.4271(2) Å, c = 10.3966(5) Å, α = 66.4949(3)°, β = 94.5589(0)°, γ = 93.3092(4)°, unit-cell volume V = 1923.17 Å3, Z = 1, and space group P1]. No detectable impurities were observed.
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Ramos Silva, Manuela, Ana Matos Beja, José António Paixa˜o, Abílio J. F. N. Sobral, Ana S. M. Ressurreição, and A. M. d’A Rocha Gonsalves. "Improved powder diffraction data for two cholesterol derivatives." Powder Diffraction 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1633562.
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New X-ray powder diffraction patterns for two cholesterol derivatives, cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione and cholest-4-en-3-one are reported in the range 0<2θ<115°. Both compounds crystallize in similar monoclinic cells in space-group P21, with unit cell parameters a=10.481(3) Å, b=8.0354(8) Å, c=14.677(3) Å, β=105.265(7)°, V=1192.5(4) Å3 for C27H42O2, and a=10.703(2) Å, b=7.8750(6) Å, c=14.660(3) Å, β=105.205(14)°, V=1192.4(4) Å3 for C27H44O. The patterns, confirmed by single-crystal studies, do not match the PDF 17-1144 and PDF 10-649. A fitting of the overall parameters was performed with Fullprof using the atomic parameters obtained from single-crystal studies.
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Zhang, Li Li, Qing Qing Pan, Dan Xiao, Xiao Qing Wu, Qing Wang, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for deoxyschisandrin." Powder Diffraction 28, no. 3 (April 16, 2013): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613000067.
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X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for deoxyschisandrin, C24H32O6, are reported [a = 13.083(3) Å, b = 19.563(9) Å, c = 8.805(6) Å, β = 90.472(0)°, unit-cell volume V = 2253.82 Å3, Z = 4, and space group P21]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21 space group. No detectable impurity was observed.
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Yang, Hong Qin, Qing Wang, Pei Xiao Tang, Bin Tang, Ya Ping Li, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for thiamphenicol, C12H15Cl2NO5S." Powder Diffraction 31, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715615000834.
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X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for thiamphenicol, C12H15Cl2NO5S, are reported [a = 17.346(3), b = 15.341(0), c = 5.790 (2) Å, α = β = γ = 90°, unit-cell volume V = 1540.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, and space group P212121]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P212121 space group. No detectable impurities were observed.
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Küçükeşmen, Çiḡdem, and Hayriye Sönmez. "Microleakage of Class-V Composite Restorations with Different Bonding Systems on Fluorosed Teeth." European Journal of Dentistry 02, no. 01 (January 2008): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697354.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: To examine the effects of dental fluorosis and total and self-etch bonding systems on microleakage of Class-V composite restorations in permanent molar teeth.Methods: Teeth were classified as three main groups according to Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI) as TFI=0, TFI=1-3 and TFI=4. Total and self-etching/bonding procedures were determined for each main group. Total-etching procedures were acid-etching for 30s and acid-etching for 60s with Single Bond/total-etch bonding system. Self-etching procedure was applied with Prompt-L-Pop/self-etch bonding system. 63 box-shaped Class-V cavities (4×2×2 mm) were prepared on mid-buccal/palatinal/lingual surfaces of teeth for totalling nine test groups (n=7). Restorations with composite material (Charisma) polymerized with halogen unit for 40s. Teeth were thermocycled between +5°C - +55°C (×500), immersed in 0.5% basic-fuchsin solution (37°C, 24h) and separated longitudinally in bucco-lingual direction. Dye penetration was examined under stereomicroscope (3.2×10).Results: Microleakage levels were higher in teeth of TFI=4 than TFI=0 occlusally or cervically (P<.05). In TFI=0; total-etched teeth for 30s have statistically shown more leakage than total-etched teeth for 60s occlusally or cervically (P<.05). In TFI=4; microleakage levels were significantly higher for 30s than 60s cervically (P<.05). For all TFI levels, microleakage was commonly increased with self-etch system than total-etch system (P<.05). Generally, higher leakage was present at cervical margins than occlusal margins (P<.05).Conclusions: Microleakage has increased by severity of dental fluorosis. Generally, more leakage was observed in total-etched teeth for 30s than 60s. Microleakage was commonly higher in self-etched teeth than total-etched teeth. More leakage was present at cervical margins than occlusal margins. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:48-58)
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Wang, Wen-Hsin, Jui-Cheng Chang, Pei-Ying Lee, Yuan-Chung Lin, and Tzi-Yi Wu. "4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-Containing Polymers as Promising Anodic Materials for Electrochromic Devices." Coatings 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121251.
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Three 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl-based polydithienylpyrroles (PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), and P(TTPP-co-DTP)) were synthesized electrochemically and their electrochromic behaviors were characterized. The introduction of electron withdrawing trifluoromethoxy unit in the side chain of polydithienylpyrroles (PSNS) decreases the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PSNS. PTTPP film displays three various colors (grayish-yellow at 0 V, grayish-blue at 1.0 V, and bluish-violet at 1.4 V) from reduced to oxidized states. The optical contrast of PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), and P(TTPP-co-DTP) electrodes are 24.5% at 1050 nm, 49.0% at 916 nm, and 53.8% at 1302 nm, respectively. The highest η of the PTTPP electrode is 379.64 cm2 C−1 at 1050 nm. Three ECDs based on PTTPP, P(TTPP-co-DTC), or P(TTPP-co-DTP) as anodic film and PProDOT-Et2 as cathodic film were fabricated. PTTPP/PProDOT-Et2 ECD showed high transmittance change (35.7% at 588 nm) and high η (890.96 cm2·C−1 at 588 nm). P(TTPP-co-DTC)/PProDOT-Et2 and P(TTPP-co-DTP)/PProDOT-Et2 ECDs showed high transmittance change, rapid response time, adequate open circuit memory, and good electrochemical redox stability. Based on these findings, this work provides novel insights for appropriate design of high transmittance change and high efficient multi-colored electrochromic polymers.
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Richir, Milan C., Michiel P. C. Siroen, Ruurd M. van Elburg, Willem P. F. Fetter, Freeke Quik, Robert J. Nijveldt, Hugo A. Heij, Bert J. Smit, Tom Teerlink, and Paul A. M. van Leeuwen. "Low plasma concentrations of arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 5 (May 2007): 906–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507669268.
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Several studies have described reduced plasma concentrations of arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). No information on the plasma concentrations of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in patients with NEC is currently available. We investigated whether plasma concentrations of arginine, ADMA, and their ratio differ between premature infants with and without NEC, and between survivors and non-survivors within the NEC group. In a prospective case–control study, arginine and ADMA concentrations were measured in ten premature infants with NEC (median gestational age 193 d, birth weight 968 g), and ten matched control infants (median gestational age 201 d, birth weight 1102 g), who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. In the premature infants with NEC, median arginine and ADMA concentrations (μmol/l), and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower compared to the infants without NEC: 21·4 v. 55·9, P = 0·001; 0·59 v. 0·85, P = 0·009 and 36·6 v. 72·3, P = 0·023 respectively. In the NEC group, median arginine (μmol/l) and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower in non-surviving infants than in surviving infants: 14·7 v. 33·8, P = 0·01 and 32·0 v. 47·5, P = 0·038 respectively. In premature infants with NEC not only the NOS substrate arginine, but also the endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA and the arginine:ADMA ratio were lower than in infants without NEC. In addition, low arginine and arginine:ADMA were associated with mortality in infants with NEC. Overall, these data suggest that a diminished nitric oxide production may be involved in the pathophysiology of NEC, but this needs further investigation.
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Hui, David, Allison De La Rosa, Annie Wilson, Thuc Nguyen, Jimin Wu, Marvin Delgado Guay, Ahsan Azhar, et al. "Neuroleptic rotation for refractory agitation in cancer patients with delirium in the acute palliative care unit: A double-blind randomized clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 12006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.12006.
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12006 Background: Terminal agitation commonly occurs in the last days of life and is highly distressing. The role of neuroleptics is controversial and few studies have examined agitation as a primary outcome. We assessed the effect of 3 neuroleptic strategies on refractory agitation in cancer patients with terminal delirium. Methods: In this single-center, double-blind, double-dummy parallel group randomized trial, patients admitted to a palliative and supportive care unit with refractory agitation despite low dose haloperidol were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to (1) haloperidol dose escalation, (2) neuroleptic rotation to chlorpromazine, or (3) combined haloperidol and chlorpromazine. Intravenous medications at equivalent doses were scheduled every 4 h and every 1 h as needed until discharge. The primary outcome was change in Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) from time 0 to 24 hours. With 15 patients per group and 13 measurements over time, we had 90% power to detect an effect size of 0.2 with alpha=2.5%. One way ANOVA was used to examine within group differences. We also compared among groups with the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: 68 patients were enrolled and 45 received the blinded study interventions. The median survival was 73 h (95% CI 49, 106 h). RASS decreased significantly within 30 minutes and remained low at 24 hours in the dose escalation group (mean RASS change between 0 and 24 h [95% CI]: -3.6 [-5, -2.2]) v. rotation group (-3.3 [-4.4, -2.2]) v. combination group (-3 [-4.6, -1.4]), with no difference among groups (P=0.71). A majority of patients were perceived to be more comfortable after treatment by blinded caregivers (escalation v. rotation v. combination: 62% v. 71% v. 60%; P=0.83) and bedside nurses (64% v. 75% v. 64%; P=0.82); however, the rotation group had significantly fewer breakthrough restlessness (escalation v. rotation v. combination: 73% v. 19% v. 50%; P=0.009), required fewer upward dose titration (escalation v. rotation v. combination: 27% v. 6% v. 50%; P=0.03) and required less rescue neuroleptics in the first 24 hours (haloperidol equivalent: 4 mg vs. 2 mg vs. 6 mg, P=0.09, trend only). Hypotension was more frequently observed with chlorpromazine. Overall survival did not differ (>0.99). Conclusions: Preliminary data from this study supported that all 3 strategies of neuroleptics reduced agitation and improved comfort in patients with terminal delirium; however, neuroleptic rotation provided better agitation control and confirmatory studies are needed. Clinical trial information: NCT03021486 .
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Huang, Yan Mei, Hong Qin Yang, Shou Jun Zheng, Pei Xiao Tang, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for letrozole (C17H11N5)." Powder Diffraction 30, no. 4 (September 2, 2015): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561500069x.
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X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for letrozole, C17H11N5, are reported [a = 7.034(0) Å, b = 16.177(5) Å, c = 13.411(3) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 105.71(9)°, unit-cell volume V = 1469.0(3) Å3, Z = 4, and space-group P21/c]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21/c space group. No detectable impurity was observed.
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Ma, XiaoLi, PeiXiao Tang, Jin Yan, XiaoQing Wu, Qiang Chen, and Hui Li. "X-ray powder diffraction data for beta-methyl vinyl phosphate (C29H27N2O10P)." Powder Diffraction 30, no. 2 (April 22, 2015): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088571561500007x.
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X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for beta-methyl vinyl phosphate (MAP), C29H27N2O10P, are reported [a = 17.293(4) Å, b = 6.142(6) Å, c = 14.464(8) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 112.048(0)°, unit-cell volume V = 1424.19 Å3, Z = 2, and space group P21]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21 space group. No detectable impurity was observed.
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FRASER, M. D., H. R. FLEMING, V. J. THEOBALD, and J. M. MOORBY. "Effect of breed and pasture type on methane emissions from weaned lambs offered fresh forage." Journal of Agricultural Science 153, no. 6 (June 22, 2015): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000544.
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SUMMARYTo investigate the extent to which enteric methane (CH4) emissions from growing lambs are explained by simple body weight and diet characteristics, a 2 × 2 Latin square changeover design experiment was carried out using two sheep breeds and two fresh pasture types. Weaned lambs of two contrasting breed types were used: Welsh Mountain (WM, a small, hardy hill breed) and Welsh Mule × Texel (TexX, prime lamb) (n = 8 per breed). The lambs were zero-grazed on material cut from recently reseeded perennial ryegrass and extensively managed permanent pasture. In each experimental period, individual ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) was determined indoors following an adaptation period of 2 weeks, and CH4 emissions were measured individually in open-circuit respiration chambers over a period of 3 days. Although total daily CH4 emissions were lower for the WM lambs than for the TexX lambs (13·3 v. 15·7 g/day, respectively) when offered fresh forage, the yield of CH4 per unit DMI was similar for the two breed types (16·4 v. 17·7 g CH4/kg DMI). Total output of CH4 per day was higher when lambs were offered ryegrass compared with permanent pasture (16·1 v. 12·9 g/day, respectively), which was probably driven by differences in DMI (986 v. 732 g/day). Methane emissions per unit DMI (16·4 v. 17·7 g CH4/kg DMI) and proportion of gross energy intake excreted as CH4 (0·052 v. 0·056 MJ/MJ) were both higher on the permanent pasture. No forage × breed type interactions were identified. The results indicate that forage type had a greater impact than breed type on CH4 emissions from growing weaned lambs. It can be concluded that when calculating CH4 emissions for inventory purposes, it is more important to know what forages growing lambs are consuming than to know what breeds they are.
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Nolan, Annette L., Christine C. Allen, Robert C. Burns, Donald C. Craig, and Geoffrey A. Lawrance. "Monomeric and Dimeric Cobalt(III) Polyoxomolybdates: Crystal Structures and Cyclic Voltammetry of Na3 [H6CoMo6O24].8H2O and K6 [H4Co2Mo10O38].7H2O." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 9 (1998): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97218.
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The crystal structures of Na3 [H6CoMo6O24].8H2O and K6 [H4Co2Mo10O38].7H2O have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The monomer, Na3 [H6CoMo6O24].8H2O, is triclinic, space group P-1, a 6·451(1), b 10·866(2), c 10·922(2) Å, α 109·20(1), β 106·90(1), γ 95·43(1)°, V 676·3(2) Å3, Z 1, and the structure was solved to an R1 value of 0·0243 (wR2 0·0784) for 3761 independent observed reflections. The anion exhibits the well known Anderson structure with six octahedral MoO6 edge-sharing units surrounding the central ‘CoO6’ octahedron, with all metals in a common plane. The dimer, K6 [H4Co2Mo10O38].7H2O, is monoclinic, space group P21/c, a 11·795(5), b 11·626(2), c 29·731(13) Å, β 95·33(2)°, V 4059(3) Å3, Z 4, and the structure was solved to an R1 value of 0·0215 (wR2 0·1040) for 6546 independent observed reflections. The anion can be derived from the monomeric hexamolybdocobaltate(III) ion by removing one ‘MoO5’ unit (ignoring the hydrogen atoms) from each of two monomer anions, turning one 180° around a CoO6 octahedral diagonal, and joining them to create two CoO6 octahedra sharing an edge. Cyclic voltammetry shows that both anions are irreversibly reduced at low pH values (4·0–4·5), likely as a result of chemical reactions following the initial reduction steps. At higher pH values (4·5–5·4), a change in speciation occurs in both cases, most likely the result of the formation of less highly protonated species, which also display irreversible electrochemical behaviour.
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Nabak, Andrea C., Rachael Erin Johnson, Nicholas S. Keuler, and Karen E. Hansen. "Can a questionnaire predict vitamin D status in postmenopausal women?" Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 4 (July 22, 2013): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001973.
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AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to determine whether a questionnaire can identify individuals with vitamin D insufficiency (VDI).DesignWomen completed the Vitamin D & Sun (VIDSUN) questionnaire and we measured their serum 25-hydrocyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire to identify VDI (25(OH)D level <50 nmol/l).SettingClinical Research Unit, University of Wisconsin–Madison.SubjectsPostmenopausal women.ResultsWe recruited 609 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 61 (sd 6 years), of whom 113 (19 %) had VDI. Women with VDI were more likely to be black (17 % v. 2 %, P < 0·001), heavier (BMI 33·0 (sd 7) kg/m2v. 29·0 (sd 7) kg/m2, P < 0·001) and less likely to tan in the past year (49 % v. 72 %, P < 0·001), use sunscreen (57 % v. 72 %, P < 0·001) or report sun exposure in the last 3 months. They consumed less vitamin D from supplements (2·15 (sd 5·24) μg/d (86 (sd 210) IU/d) v. 4·55 (sd 8·48) μg/d (188 (sd 344) IU/d), P = 0·003). In logistic regression models, black race, BMI, suntan within the past year, sun exposure in the past 3 months, sunscreen use and supplemental vitamin D intake were the most useful questions to identify VDI. From these six items, a composite score of ≤2·25 demonstrated ≥89 % sensitivity but ≤35 % specificity for VDI.ConclusionsThe VIDSUN questionnaire provides an initial tool to identify postmenopausal women at high or low risk of VDI. Existing studies suggest that inclusion of physical activity and TAG levels might improve the performance of the VIDSUN questionnaire.
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Stepanovs, Dmitrijs, and Anatoly Mishnev. "Molecular and Crystal Structure of Sildenafil Base." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0073.
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Sildenafil citrate monohydrate, well known as Viagra®, is a drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Here we present the X-ray crystal structure of the sildenafil base, C22H30N6O4S. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with the unit cell parameters a = 17:273(1), b=17:0710(8), c=8:3171(4) Å , b =99:326(2), Z = 4, V = 2420:0(3) Å3. A comparison with the known crystal structures of sildenafil citrate monohydrate and sildenafil saccharinate is also presented.
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Beekman, Richard A., René T. Boeré, Klaus H. Moock, and Masood Parvez. "Synthesis, electrochemistry, structure, and magnetic susceptibility of 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis- (1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl)benzene. Structural effect of the bulky substituent." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-213.
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The crystal structure of the title compound was determined at 250 K in space group I 4 bar 2m, a = 20.661(5) Å , c = 6.764(7) Å , Z = 8. The individual dithiadiazole rings form two sets of contrarotatory 4-member pinwheels clustered around a 4-fold rotation-inversion axis located halfway along the unit cell edges, describing an infinite channel lined with sulfur atoms but in which there are short intra-stack contacts through only one S atom of each CN2S2 group. The double-layer stacking occurs in order to accommodate the bulk of the tBu group, and the spacing between layers is very regular, with short and long S cdot cdot cdot S contacts of 3.48(2) and 3.61(2) Å and considerable thermal motion in the c direction. The title compound and its SbF6- salt are oxidized at + 0.81 V (in CH2Cl2) and at + 0.61 V (in CH3CN), while a reduction process is observed only in CH2Cl2 at -0.73 V vs. SCE. Magnetic susceptibility data between 5 and 400 K demonstrate at very low temperature that the sample follows the Curie-Weiss law, θ = 0 K, and χ 0= -156 ppm emu mol-1. The free-spin concentration at T = 0 K is approx 1.3%, due to paramagnetic defects in an essentially diamagnetic structure. The diamagnetism starts to lift above 210 K; above 260 K, a strong antiferromagnetic exchange is operative. These results are consistent with the lifting of the Peierls distortion in this structure, starting above approx 200 K. The crystal structure of the parent diamidine 5-tert-butyl-1,3-[(Me3Si)2NCNSiMe3]2C6H3 was determined in C2/c with a = 10.0788(3), b = 21.328(5), c = 20.876(5) Å , β = 99.41(2)°, Z = 4. The two amidine functional groups are equivalent by crystal symmetry.Key words: dithiadiazole, diradical, magnetic susceptibility, crystal structure, bulky substituent.
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Averkov, Gennadiy. "On the Inequality for Volume and Minkowskian Thickness." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2006-019-4.
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AbstractGiven a centrally symmetric convex body B in , we denote by ℳd(B) the Minkowski space (i.e., finite dimensional Banach space) with unit ball B. Let K be an arbitrary convex body in ℳd(B). The relationship between volume V(K) and the Minkowskian thickness (= minimal width) ΔB(K) of K can naturally be given by the sharp geometric inequality V(K) ≥ α(B) · ΔB(K)d, where α(B) > 0. As a simple corollary of the Rogers-Shephard inequality we obtain that with equality on the left attained if and only if B is the difference body of a simplex and on the right if B is a cross-polytope. The main result of this paper is that for d = 2 the equality on the right implies that B is a parallelogram. The obtained results yield the sharp upper bound for the modified Banach–Mazur distance to the regular hexagon.
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Mohd, Nurul Hanisah, Rizafizah Othaman, Mukram Mohamed Mackeen, and Mohamad Yusof Maskat. "Kesan Prarawatan dan Masa Hidrolisis Enzim untuk Penghasilan Oligoskarida daripada Serabut Mesokarpa Buah Kelapa Sawit." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-14.
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Dalam kajian ini, serabut mesokarpa buah kelapa sawit (SM) telah ditukar menjadi oligosakarida sebagai produk nilai tambah. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan prarawatan dan masa hidrolisis untuk penghasilan oligosakarida dengan menggunakan kompleks enzim komersial Celluclast (1.5 L). Prarawatan dengan larutan 5% (v/v) natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dan 5% (v/v) larutan asid asetik (CH3COOH) dilakukan sebelum hidrolisis enzim. Prarawatan menggunakan kepekatan 5, 10 dan 15% (v/v) larutan NaOH dijalankan dalam autoklaf pada 120 °C selama 30 min. Hidrolisis SM prarawatan telah dijalankan pada masa hidrolisis 0, 3, 6 dan 24 jam. Hasil hidrolisis enzim membuktikan bahawa prarawatan alkali SM dengan 5% NaOH menghasilkan jumlah gula penurun yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan SM mentah dan SM prarawatan menggunakan 5% CH3COOH dengan masing-masing menghasilkan 351.94 mg/g berbanding 181.44 dan 183.15 mg/g jumlah gula penurun per jisim biojisim. Pertambahan jumlah gula penurun untuk prarawatan alkali disebabkan penyingkiran bahagian lignin dan hemiselulosa dalam SM. Peningkatan kepekatan NaOH menghasilkan peratus sakarifikasi yang lebih tinggi. Hidrolisis SM prarawatan selama 3 hingga 24 jam telah menghasilkan oligosakarida dengan bilangan unit glukosa 2, 3 dan 4. Tiada perbezaan unit glukosa diperhatikan apabila masa hidrolisis ditingkatkan daripada 3 hingga 24 jam. Kajian ini menunjukkan keupayaan penghasilan oligosakarida daripada SM dengan memanipulasi masa hidrolisis.
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Díaz de Delgado, Graciela, Belkis Ramírez V., William Velásquez, Julio Trejo Dávila, Chun-Hsing Chen, Teresa González, and J. Miguel Delgado. "Old structures revisited: Better insights from new data." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314083077.
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The need for improving the description of structural features with better quality data, at low temperature and with modern 2D detectors of certain materials, sometimes leads to surprisingly new insights into a previously reported structure. When attempting to grow single crystals of maleamic acid, good crystals of ammonium maleate, NH4(Mal), were obtained. Although the structure of this material has been reported at room temperature, in space group Pbcm with V=613.2(5) Å3[1], synchrotron data were collected at low temperature to examine the behavior of the ammonium moiety. The data collected lead to a structure better described in Pbca, a=8.9687(12), b=8.1604(8), c=16.348(2) Å, V=1196.5(2) Å3, Z=8. The refinement converged to R=0.0438, wR2=0.1156, S=1.02. An examination of the new data indicates that reflections with h odd are systematically weak but, nevertheless, present. The Ca derivative of valproic acid (a common anticonvulsant) was reported as monoclinic, C2/c, with a=16.250(8), b=18.471(17), c=7.729(7) Å, β=109.71(5)0, V=2183.97 Å3, Z=4, and R=10.94% [2]. However, data collection at room temperature and under a stream of nitrogen on several newly prepared crystals always lead to a triclinic, P-1 cell, with approximately half the volume of the reported cell. Attempts to index the dataset using the known monoclinic cell resulted in high uncertainties for the unit cell parameters and high Rint values since reflection spots showed splitting and diffuse scattering. The new cell had dimensions a=7.6995(4) Å, b=11.7444(6) Å, c=11.7708(6) Å, α=91.089(3)0, β=101.643(3)0, γ=102.041(3)0, V=1017.47(99) Å3, Z=2. Although the initial refinement was discouraging (R=0.1172, wR2=0.360, S=1.12) the analysis with PLATON indicated the presence of twining and, after considering the twin law, the refinement improved significantly (R=0.059, wR2=0.1472, S=0.99). Several examples where a new data collection resulted in interesting results will be presented.
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Zhou, Weiqun, Chao Xie, Zheng Jin, and Zong-ming Jin. "X-ray powder diffraction analysis of a nonlinear optical material N-(p-methoxy benzoyl)-N′-(p-methyl phenyl) thiourea." Powder Diffraction 17, no. 3 (September 2002): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1348003.
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A nonlinear optical material, N-(p-methoxy benzoyl)-N′-(p-methyl phenyl) thiourea (C16H16N2O2S), has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Experimental values of 2θ corrected for systematic errors, relative peak intensities, values of d, and the Miller indices of 94 observed reflections with 2θ up to 66° are reported. The powder diffraction data and the figure-of-merit are reported. The least-squares refined unit cell parameters are a=25.3291(3) Å, b=11.9478(1) Å, c=10.1407(4) Å, β=103.10(2)°, V=2988.97(6) Å3, Z=8, Dx=1.335(0) g/cm3, with space group P21(4).
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Alam, Syed Iftikhar, Muhammad Yunas Khan, Ayaz Gul, and Qutbi Alam Jan. "SURGICAL SITE INFECTION;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 02 (December 7, 2018): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.2066.
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Objective: To assess the post operative wound complication after opencholecystectomy for uncomplicated Cholelithiasis. Design: Cross sectional descriptive. Setting:Surgical unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan. Patients: 223 patients underwentelective open cholecystectomy January 2011 to July 2012. Results: 90% patients had normalhealing (grade 0 or I) ,7.5% had minor complications (grade II or III), 2.5% patients had majorcomplication (grade IV or V) recorded during hospital stay. On follow-up in out-patientdepartment 81%patients found to have normal healing (grade 0 or I), 15% patients had minorcomplications (grade II or III) and 4% patients had major complications (grade IV or V). There wasan increase noted in wound grades during follow up for surgical site infections as compared totheir record during hospital stay. Conclusions: Southampton wound scoring system is a usefultool for detection of surgical site infection and standardization. Auditing of surgical site infectionby Southampton wound scoring will help the patient, surgical team and sterilization protocol tobe improved.
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Masih, Vali Soltani, and Stanisława Kanas. "Subclasses of Starlike and Convex Functions Associated with the Limaçon Domain." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060942.
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Let ST L ( s ) and CV L ( s ) denote the family of analytic and normalized functions f in the unit disk D : = z : | z | < 1 , such that the quantity z f ′ ( z ) / f ( z ) or 1 + z f ″ ( z ) / f ′ ( z ) respectively are lying in the region bounded by the limaçon ( u − 1 ) 2 + v 2 − s 4 2 = 4 s 2 u − 1 + s 2 2 + v 2 , where 0 < s ≤ 1 / 2 . The limaçon of Pascal is a curve that possesses properties which qualify it for the several applications in mathematics, statistics (hypothesis testing problem) but also in mechanics (fluid processing applications, known limaçon technology is employed to extract electrical power from low-grade heat, etc.). In this paper we present some results concerning the behavior of f on the classes ST L ( s ) or CV L ( s ) . Some appropriate examples are given.
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Pekov, Igor V., Natalia V. Zubkova, Atali A. Agakhanov, Dmitry A. Ksenofontov, Leonid A. Pautov, Evgeny G. Sidorov, Sergey N. Britvin, Marina F. Vigasina, and Dmitry Y. Pushcharovsky. "New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. X. Edtollite, K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4, and alumoedtollite, K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.155.
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AbstractTwo new isostructural minerals edtollite K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 and alumoedtollite K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 have been found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. They are associated with sylvite, tenorite, dmisokolovite, shchurovskyite, johillerite, bradaczekite, and orthoclase. Edtollite forms prismatic crystals up to 0.02 mm × 0.1 mm; alumoedtollite forms long-prismatic crystals up to 0.01 mm × 0.1 mm. Both minerals have a semi-metallic lustre. Edtollite is brown–black to black and alumoedtollite is bronze coloured. Dcalc. = 4.26 (edtollite) and 4.28 (alumoedtollite) g cm–3. In reflected light, both minerals are grey, with distinct anisotropy. Reflectance values [edtollite/alumoedtollite: R1–R2, % (λ, nm)] are: 8.3–8.2/8.7–7.7 (470); 7.7–7.4/8.3–7.4 (546); 7.1–6.9/8.3–7.4 (589); and 6.3–6.3/7.6–7.2 (650). Chemical data are: (edtollite/alumoedtollite, wt.%, electron-microprobe): Na2O 3.13/2.58, K2O 8.12/9.09, Rb2O 0.00/0.11, CaO 0.00/0.52, CuO 36.55/38.35, ZnO 0.46/0.00, Al2O3 0.00/3.48, Fe2O3 7.34/1.79, TiO2 0.27/0.00, As2O5 43.57/43.66, total 99.44/99.58. The empirical formulae, based on 18 O apfu, for edtollite is: K1.83Na1.07Cu4.88Zn0.06Fe3+0.98Ti0.04As4.03O18; and for alumoedtollite is: K2.02Rb0.01Na0.87Ca0.10Cu5.06Al0.72Fe3+0.24As3.99O18. Both minerals are triclinic, P$\bar{1}$; unit-cell parameters (edtollite/alumoedtollite) are: a = 5.1168(6)/5.0904(11), b = 9.1241(12)/9.0778(14), c = 9.6979(14)/9.6658(2) Å, α = 110.117(13)/110.334(17), β = 102.454(12)/102.461(19), γ = 92.852(11)/92.788(15)°, V = 411.32(9)/404.88(14) Å3 and Z = 1/1. The strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are for edtollite: 8.79(92)(001), 7.63(41)(0$\bar{1}$1), 5.22(44)(011), 3.427(100)(012), 3.148(64)(0$\bar{1}$3), 2.851(65)($\bar{1}$03) and 2.551(40)($\bar{2}$01); and for alumoedtollite: 8.78(81)(001), 7.62(67)(0$\bar{1}$1), 3.418(100)(012), 3.147(52)(0$\bar{1}$3), 2.558(58)($\bar{1}$22), 2.544(65)($\bar{2}$01) and 2.528(52)($\bar{1}\bar{3}$2). The crystal structures [single-crystal X-ray diffraction, R = 0.0773 (edtollite) and 0.0826 (alumoedtollite); 1504 and 1046 unique reflections, respectively] represent a novel structure type. It is based upon a heteropolyhedral pseudo-framework with the column formed by Cu2+-centred octahedra and square pyramids, octahedra MO6 (M = Fe3+, Al3+ or Cu2+) and AsO4 tetrahedra as the main building unit. K+ and Na+ are located in wide and narrow channels, respectively. Edtollite is named after the Russian geologist and Arctic explorer Eduard Vasilievich Toll (1858–1902), alumoedtollite is its analogue with Al prevailing among trivalent cations.
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Fey, George Ting Kuo, Cyun Jhe Yan, Yi Chuan Lin, Kai Pin Huang, Yung Da Cho, Pin Jiun Wu, Ya Sen Sun, and Hsien Ming Kao. "Calcium Doping Effects on the Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.499.
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This Olivine LiFe1-xCaxPO4/C composites (x=0 - 0.014) were synthesized by a solid-state method using sebasic acid as a carbon source. The structure and electrochemical properties of the LiFe1-xCaxPO4/C compounds were studied. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results indicated that Ca2+ doping did not affect the structure of the samples, but the unit cell volume of doped sample are slightly increased. Electrochemical measurements showed that the LiFe0.99Ca0.01PO4/C composite delivered a discharge capacity of 149 mAh g-1 at a 0.2 C-rate between 4.0 and 2.8 V, probably due to the significant improvement of electronic conductivity and Li+ ion diffusion. Besides, the cell can sustain a 20 C-rate, and this rate capability is equivalent to charge or discharge in 3 min.
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Delgado, G. E., C. Rincón, and G. Marroquin. "On the crystal structure of the ordered vacancy compound Cu3In5Te9." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 4 Jul-Aug (July 1, 2019): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.360.
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The crystal structure of the ordered vacancy compound (OVC) Cu3In5Te9 was analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction data. Several structural models were derived from the structure of the Cu-poor Cu-In-Se compound b-Cu0.39In1.2Se2 by permuting the cations in the available site positions. The refinement of the best model by the Rietveld method in the tetragonal space group P2c (Nº 112), with unit cell parameters a = 6.1852(2) Å, c = 12.3633(9) Å, V = 472.98(4) Å3, led to Rp = 7.1 %, Rwp = 8.5 %, Rexp = 6.4 %, S = 1.3 for 162 independent reflections. This model has the following Wyckoff site atomic distribution: Cu1 in 2e (0,0,0); In1 in 2f (½,½,0), In2 in 2d (0,½,¼); Cu2-In3 in 2b (½,0,¼); in 2a (0,0,¼); Te in 8n (x,y,z).
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de Armas, Hector Novoa, Oswald M. Peeters, Norbert Blaton, Dirk J. A. De Ridder, and Henk Schenk. "X-ray powder diffraction data and crystal data of polymorphic form 2 of carnidazole." Powder Diffraction 21, no. 1 (March 2006): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2040457.
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The indexed powder diffraction pattern and related crystallographic data for polymorphic form 2 of carnidazole (C8H12N4O3S) are reported, as a first step in the structure determination by powder diffraction methods. The unit cell dimensions were determined from high resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data (λ=0.079 998 0 nm) and evaluated by indexing programs. The monoclinic cell found for this polymorph is a=1.3908(2) nm, b=08094(2) nm, c=1.0645(2) nm, β=110.82(2)°,V=1.12015(27)nm3, Z=4, Dx=1.445 Mg∕m3.
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Riawan, Riawan, Riyanti Riyanti, and Khaira Nova. "PENGARUH PERENDAMAN TELUR MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN DAUN KELOR TERHADAP KUALITAS INTERNAL TELUR AYAM RAS." JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 5, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v5i1.p1-7.
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The purpose of this research was to find out interior quality of egg laying hens which immersion with moringa leaf solution and to find out the best moringa leaf solution. This research carried out on August 14--September 13, 2016 housed in the Laboratory Animal Production and Reproduction, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The material of research used 72 eggs laying hens strain isa brown from layer of 60 weeks old with the average weight 63,0±1,51 gram and coefficient of variation 2,40%. This research used a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 6 repetition. The treatments of research consists of immersion egg used moringa leaf solution 0% (w/v), 10% (w/v), 20% (w/v), and 30% (w/v). Analyzed data observation used variance with 5% trust level and continued with Least Significant Different test. The result showed that immersion egg with moringa leaf solution significant effect (P<0,05) increase albumin index and the haugh unit, and not significant effect (P>0,05) to yolk index and percentage egg weight lo. Concentration 30% of immersion moringa leaf solution to give the best treatment to interior quality of egg laying hens. Keywords : Albumin Index Moringa Leaf, Percentage Egg Weight Lost, Yolk Index, Haugh Unit.
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Shamsur Rahman, A. B. M., H. Boiler, and K. O. Klepp. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigations of New Linear Heterobimetallic Clusters [Me4N]3[(TOS3 )2Ag] (T = Mo, W). Crystal Structure of [Me4N]3[(MoOS3 )2Ag]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2000): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-3-402.
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Abstract Red-brown crystals of a new bis(thiomolybdate) complex [Me4N]3[(MoOS3)2Ag] were formed at room temperature through the reaction of a solution of [Me4N]2[MoOS3] in MeCN with solid AgCN. They are monoclinic, space group P21/c with unit cell parameters a = 16.662(9), b = 9.464(3), c = 17.890(8) A, /3 = 101.87(2)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal diffractometer data (MoKα-radiation) and refined to R = 0.044 (3614 reflections, 236 variable parameters). The structure is characterized by trinuclear complex anions, [(MoOS3)2Ag]3-. According to Weissenberg investigations the homologous tungsten compound is isostructural. The infrared spectrum of the molybdenum complex (KBr powder) shows absorption bands at 884 (vs) and 871 (w) cm-1 (terminal v(Mo-0)), 483 (vs) cm-1 (terminal v(Mo-S)), 451 (vs), and 435 (w) cm-1 (bridging v(Mo-S)). The tungsten complex showed bands at 901 (vs) cm-1 (terminal v(W-O)), 478 (vs) cm-1 (terminal v(W-S)), and 435 (vs) cm-1 (bridging v(W-S)). The anionic mass spectra shows molecular ion peaks at m/z 524 and 700 for [(MoOS3)2Ag]- and [(WOS3)2Ag]-, respectively, as well as peaks for other fragments.
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Rumsey, Michael S., Mark D. Welch, John Spratt, and Annette K. Kleppe. "Grguricite, CaCr2(CO3)2(OH)4.4H2O, a new alumohydrocalcite analogue." Mineralogical Magazine 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2020.66.
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AbstractThe occurrence and characterisation of a new member of the dundasite group are reported. Grguricite, ideally CaCr2(CO3)2(OH)4⋅4H2O, is the Cr analogue of alumohydrocalcite, CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4⋅4H2O and occurs as lilac crusts of very fine-grained crystalline aggregates in the Pb–Ba–V mineralisation found at the Adeghoual Mine, Mibladen, Morocco (32°46′0″N, 4°37′59″W). The identification was based upon a close match with the powder X-ray diffraction data for alumohydrocalcite, the confirmation of anion components identified by Raman spectroscopy and the cation composition determined by electron-probe microanalysis. The empirical formula based upon 14 oxygen atoms per formula unit is Ca0.84Pb0.03Cr1.65Al0.39Mg0.02(CO3)2(OH)4⋅4H2O, with carbonate, hydroxyl and water contents set to those of the alumohydrocalcite stoichiometry. The fine-grained nature of the crystals (c. 0.5 μm × 0.1 μm × 5 μm) precluded a single-crystal X-ray study and both density and optical determinations. Grguricite is triclinic with space group P${\bar 1}$. Unit-cell parameters refined from the powder diffraction data are: a = 5.724(2), b = 6.5304(9), c = 14.646(4) Å, α = 81.682(1), β = 83.712(2), γ = 86.365(2)°, V = 537.8(2) Å3 and Z = 2. The five strongest peaks in the powder pattern are [dhkl, Å (I/Imax)(hkl)]: 6.222(100)(011), 3.227(87)(020), 6.454(63)(010), 2.883(58)(005, 023, 121) and 7.208(45)(002). The mineral is named after Australian geologist Ben Grguric.
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Tian, Hsin, Yanyan Xu, Jiayan Wang, Weiqiang Tian, Jian Sun, Tao Zhang, Qingyun Zhou, and Chuxiao Shao. "Effects of Plasma Albumin on the Pharmacokinetics of Esomeprazole in ICU Patients." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6374374.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effects of plasma albumin on pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in ICU patients. Methods. This study was performed in 32 consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) patients. They were divided into two groups according to the plasma albumin levels. Nineteen patients with low plasma albumin levels (<30 g/L; male/female, 12/7) were assigned to low plasma albumin group (LPAG). Thirteen patients with plasma albumin levels >30 g/L (male/female, 9/4) were assigned to high plasma albumin group (HPAG). All patients were received intravenous (IV) of 40 mg esomeprazole in 5 min. Blood samples were collected via basilic vein at different time points and concentrations of esomeprazole were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Results. MRT(0-∞), t1/2, V, CL, and Cmax between two groups were significantly difference (P<0.05). Compared with HPAG, MRT(0-∞), t1/2, and V of esomeprazole in LPAG were increased by 1.42-fold, 1.49-fold, and 1.24-fold, respectively; the maximum drug concentration of esomeprazole in LPAG was decreased to 82.5%. AUC(0-∞) of LPAG was 1.23 times than that of group B. CL in LPAG was 80% of HPAG. There was no statistical difference between the two groups of AUC(0-∞) and CL. Conclusions. Some pharmacokinetic parameters of esomeprazole may be changed in ICU patients with low plasma albumin.
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Currie, P., S. M. Gray, T. R. D. Shaw, and I. R. Starkey. "Success of Audit in Reducing the Time Taken to Administer Thrombolysis and Aspirin in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction." Scottish Medical Journal 39, no. 4 (August 1994): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309403900409.
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We assessed whether audit might reduce the time taken to give thrombolysis and aspirin inpatients with acute myocardial infarction (N=116). A retrospective analysis was performed of the sources of delay in giving the drugs (N-60) and the data were presented to clinical staff accompanied by guidelines aimed at eliminating delays. A prospective survey was undertaken (N=56) after these interventions. Audit resulted in an overall 31% reduction (P=0.013) in the time to administer thrombolysis (median 55 minutes [range 21–148] v 38 [15–155]): there was a 57% fall (P<0.0001) in the time to record an electrocardiogram (14 minutes [4–34] v 6 [1–19]) and a 33% decrease (P=0.047) in the time taken to begin thrombolysis in the coronary care unit (15 minutes [0–110) v 10 [5–70]). The time taken to give aspirin was also reduced (P=0.001) from 58 minutes (15–400) to 15 (3–235). The time taken to administer thrombolysis and aspirin to patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction can be reduced by audit.
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Mateu-de Antonio, Javier, Santiago Grau, Sonia Luque, Mónica Marín-Casino, Inmaculada Albert, and Esther Ribes. "Comparative effects of olive oil-based and soyabean oil-based emulsions on infection rate and leucocyte count in critically ill patients receiving parenteral nutrition." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (October 5, 2007): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507837433.
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Soyabean oil-based emulsions high in linoleic acid used in parenteral nutrition (PN) could interfere with immune function and may increase the risk of septic complications. Olive oil-based emulsions, high in oleic acid, could have fewer immune effects. We compared the effects of a soyabean oil-based emulsion v. an olive oil-based emulsion on infection rate, appearance of new infection episodes, leucocyte count (peak and evolution), acute-phase proteins, and major health outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) adult patients receiving PN. The study was designed as an observational, retrospective, single-centre, cohort study in a general ICU. Patients in the SOYA cohort (n 16) received a soyabean oil-based emulsion and patients in the OLIVE cohort (n 23), an olive oil-based emulsion. Both cohorts had similar basal characteristics and received a similar energy load. The SOYA cohort received an oleic acid:linoleic acid ratio of 0·43 and the OLIVE cohort 2·99 (P < 0·001). No differences were observed in infection rate and appearance, acute-phase proteins, and major health outcomes. At the end of PN, blood leucocyte count decreased by 3·25 × 109 cells/l in the SOYA cohort and increased by 4·51 × 109 cells/l in the OLIVE cohort from baseline values (P = 0·036). Peak leucocyte count presented a trend for a higher value in the OLIVE cohort v. the SOYA cohort (18·86 v. 15·28 × 109 cells/l; P = 0·078). The use of an olive oil-based emulsion in PN had no effect on infection, acute-phase proteins, major health outcomes, and presented higher leucocyte count at the end of PN and a trend to higher peak leucocyte count when compared with soyabean oil-based emulsion in ICU patients.
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Uchida, Tomohiro, Shiho Suehiro, Toru Asaka, Hiromi Nakano, and Koichiro Fukuda. "Syntheses and crystal structures of Li(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.945 and (Li0.977Eu0.023)(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.968." Powder Diffraction 28, no. 3 (April 24, 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715613000018.
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Crystal structures of Li(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.945 and (Li0.977Eu0.023)(Ta0.89Ti0.11)O2.968 were investigated by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction. Both title compounds were trigonal with space group R3c and Z = 6. The hexagonal unit-cell dimensions were a = 0.514 82 9(2) nm, c = 1.377 61 2(4) nm, and V = 0.316 21 6(2) nm3 for the former compound and a = 0.517 71 2(2) nm, c = 1.373 50 0(6) nm, and V = 0.318 81 2(3) nm3 for the latter. The initial structural models, being isostructural with LiTaO3, were refined by the Rietveld method. The maximum-entropy method-based pattern fitting (MPF) method was subsequently used to confirm the validity of the structural models, in which conventional structure bias caused by assuming intensity partitioning was minimized. Atomic arrangements of the final structural models were in excellent agreement with the three-dimensional electron-density distributions determined by MPF.
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Hyde, Richard W., Edgar J. Geigel, Albert J. Olszowka, John A. Krasney, Robert E. Forster, Mark J. Utell, and Mark W. Frampton. "Determination of production of nitric oxide by lower airways of humans—theory." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.4.1290.
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Hyde, Richard W., Edgar J. Geigel, Albert J. Olszowka, John A. Krasney, Robert E. Forster II, Mark J. Utell, and Mark W. Frampton.Determination of production of nitric oxide by the lower airways of humans—theory. J. Appl. Physiol.82(4): 1290–1296, 1997.—Exercise and inflammatory lung disorders such as asthma and acute lung injury increase exhaled nitric oxide (NO). This finding is interpreted as a rise in production of NO by the lungs (V˙no) but fails to take into account the diffusing capacity for NO (Dno) that carries NO into the pulmonary capillary blood. We have derived equations to measureV˙no from the following rates, which determine NO tension in the lungs (Pl) at any moment from 1) production (V˙no); 2) diffusion, where Dno(Pl) = rate of removal by lung capillary blood; and 3) ventilation, whereV˙a(Pl)/(Pb− 47) = the rate of NO removal by alveolar ventilation (V˙a) and Pb is barometric pressure. During open-circuit breathing when Pl is not in equilibrium, d/d tPl[V l / (Pb − 47)] (where V l is volume of NO in the lower airways) =V˙no− Dno(Pl) −V˙a(Pl)/(Pb− 47). When Pl reaches a steady state so that d/d t = 0 andV˙a is eliminated by rebreathing or breath holding, then Pl =V˙no/Dno. Pl can be interpreted as NO production per unit of Dno. This equation predicts that diseases that diminish Dno but do not alterV˙no will increase expired NO levels. These equations permit precise measurements of V˙no that can be applied to determining factors controlling NO production by the lungs.
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Lin, Jianhua, Evamarie Hey-Hawkins, and Hans Georg von Schnering. "Reinvestigation of the Reaction of (NH4)2[Ce(N03)6] with Triphenylphosphine Oxide; the Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of mer-Ce(NO3)3(OPPh3)3 • 2 (CH3)2CO." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1990): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-11-1204.
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AbstractThe reaction of (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6 ] with two equivalents of OPPh3(Ph = C6H5 ) in acetonitrile yields Ce(NO3 ) 4(OPPh3 )2 (1) in high yield, whereas using acetone as solvent affords mer- Ce(NO3 )3(OPPh3)3 • 2(CH3)2CO (2), the yield of which is dependent on the reaction time. A crystal structure determination of 2 shows that the Ce atom is coordinated with three bidentate nitrato groups and three OPPh3 ligands, thus achieving a coordination number of nine. Eight non-coordinating acetone molecules are present in the unit cell. Crystal data (292 K): space group P21/n (no. 14), 0=12.438(2), b = 25.532(4), c = 20.379 (4) Å, β = 96.33(2)°, V = 6432(1) , Z = 4, dcalc = 1.318 g em 3. Due to poor crystal quality the refinement converges at R = 0.11, Rw = 0.09. 2 is paramagnetic, but it does not follow the Curie-Weiss law at low temperature. Therefore crystal field theory was used in order to explain these findings.
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Wunschel, Markus, Robert E. Dinnebier, Stefan Carlson, Piotr Bernatowicz, and Sander van Smaalen. "Influence of the molecular structures on the high-pressure and low-temperature phase transitions of plastic crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 59, no. 1 (January 28, 2003): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768102021791.
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The crystal structures of tert-butyl-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, Si[C(CH_3)_3]_1[Si(CH_3)_3]_3 (Bu1), and di-tert-butyl-bis(trimethylsilyl)silane, Si[C(CH_3)_3]_2[Si(CH_3)_3]_2 (Bu2), at room temperature and at 105 K have been determined by X-ray powder diffraction; the high-pressure behavior for pressures between 0 and 5 GPa is reported. The room-temperature structures have cubic Fm\bar{3}m symmetry (Z = 4) with a = 13.2645 (2) Å, V = 2333.87 (4) Å3 for Bu1 and a = 12.9673 (1) Å, V = 2180.46 (3) Å3 for Bu2. The molecules are arranged in a cubic close packing (c.c.p.) and exhibit at least 48-fold orientational disorder. Upon cooling both compounds undergo a first-order phase transition at temperatures T_c = 230 (5) K (Bu1) and T_c = 250 (5) K (Bu2) into monoclinic structures with space group P2_1/n. The structures at 105 K have a = 17.317 (1), b = 15.598 (1), c = 16.385 (1) Å, \gamma = 109.477 (4)°, V = 4172.7 (8) Å3 and Z = 8 for Bu1and a = 17.0089 (9), b = 15.3159 (8), c = 15.9325 (8) Å, \gamma = 110.343 (3)°, V = 3891.7 (5) Å3 and Z = 8 for Bu2. The severe disorder of the room-temperature phase is significantly decreased and only a two- or threefold rotational disorder of the molecules remains at 105 K. First-order phase transitions have been observed at pressures of 0.13–0.28 GPa for Bu1 and 0.20–0.24 GPa for Bu2. The high-pressure structures are isostructural to the low-temperature structures. The pressure dependencies of the unit-cell volumes were fitted with Vinet equations of state and the bulk moduli were obtained. At still higher pressures further anomalies in the pressure dependencies of the lattice parameters were observed. These anomalies are explained as additional disorder–order phase transitions.
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Wamiliana, Wamiliana, M. Usman, Warsito Warsito, Warsono Warsono, and Jamal I. Daoud. "USING MODIFICATION OF PRIM’S ALGORITHM AND GNU OCTAVE AND TO SOLVE THE MULTIPERIODS INSTALLATION PROBLEM." IIUM Engineering Journal 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v21i1.1088.
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The Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) is one of the famous problems that is used mostly as the backbone in many network design problems. Given a graph G(V,E), where V is the set of vertices and E is the set of edges connecting vertices in V, and for every edge eij there is an associated weight cij ?0. The Multi Period Degree Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree (MPDCMST) is a problem of finding an MST while also considering the degree constrained on every vertex, and satisfying vertices installation requirement on every period. Two algorithms (WWM1 and WWM2) are proposed for solving this problem. GNU OCTAVE is used for coding and visualization. GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix!", and that name is chosen because it is like Unix but differs from Unix because it is free and contains no Unix code. Those algorithms were implemented using 300 randomly generated problems. Moreover, we compare WWM1 and WWM2 algorithms using existing data from the literature and the results show that WWM2 is the best.
ABSTRAK: Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) merupakan salah satu masalah mahsyur yang banyak digunakan sebagai tulang belakang kepada masalah banyak rekaan jaringan. Menerusi graf G(V,E), di mana V adalah himpunan titik dan E adalah himpunan garis yang menghubungkan titik-titik dalam V, dan bagi setiap garis eij terdapat berat berhubung cij ?0, Multi-period Degree Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree (MPDCMST) merupakan masalah dalam menentukan MST, pada masa sama turut menimbangkan kekangan pada setiap titik vertek, dan memenuhi syarat keperluan pemasangan pada setiap detik. Dua algoritma (WWM1 dan WWM2) dicadangkan bagi menyelesaikan masalah ini. GNU OCTAVE digunakan bagi pengaturcaraan dan visualisasi. GNU merupakan suatu singkatan kepada “GNU's Not Unix”, dan nama tersebut dipilih karena ianya seperti Unix, tetapi berbeza dari Unix kerana ia percuma dan tidak mempunyai kod Unix. Algoritma tersebut dilaksana dengan menggunakan 300 masalah terhasil secara rawak. Tambahan, algoritma WWM1 dan WWM2 dibandingkan dengan kajian terdahulu dan hasil kajian menunjukkan WWM2 adalah terbaik.
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Elliott, Peter, Jakub Plášil, Václav Petříček, Jiří Čejka, and Luca Bindi. "Twinning and incommensurate modulation in baumoite, Ba0.5[(UO2)3O8Mo2(OH)3](H2O)~3, the first natural Ba uranyl molybdate." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.20.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBaumoite, Ba0.5[(UO2)3O8Mo2(OH)3](H2O)~3, is a new mineral found near Radium Hill, South Australia, where it occurs in a granite matrix associated with baryte, metatorbernite, phurcalite and kaolinite. Baumoite forms thin crusts of yellow to orange–yellow tabular to prismatic crystals. The mineral is translucent with a vitreous lustre and pale yellow streak. Crystals are brittle, the fracture is uneven and show one excellent cleavage. The Mohs hardness is ~2½. The calculated density is 4.61 g/cm3. Optically, baumoite crystals are biaxial (–), with α = 1.716(4), β = 1.761(4), γ = 1.767(4) (white light); and 2Vcalc= 42.2°. Electron microprobe analyses gave the empirical formula Ba0.87Ca0.03Al0.04U2.97Mo2.02P0.03O22H11.99, based on 22 O atoms per formula unit. The eight strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobsÅ (I) (hkl)]: 9.175(39)(12${\bar 1}$), 7.450(100)(020), 3.554(20)(221), 3.365(31)(004, 202), 3.255(31)(123, 30${\bar 2}$), 3.209(28)(12${\bar 4}$), 3.067(33)(30${\bar 3}$, 222, 32${\bar 2}$) and 2.977(20)(142). Single-crystal X-ray studies (R1= 5.85% for 1892 main reflections) indicate that baumoite is monoclinic, superspace groupX2/m(a0g)0swithX= (0,½,0,½), with unit-cell parameters:a= 9.8337(3),b= 15.0436(5),c= 14.2055(6) Å, β = 108.978(3)°,V= 1987.25(13) Å3andZ= 4. The crystal structure is twinned and incommensurately modulated and is based upon sheets of U6+and Mo6+polyhedra of unique topology. Four independent cationic sites partially occupied by Ba atoms are located between the sheets, together with H2O molecules.