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1

Small-Howard, A. L., and M. J. Berry. "Unique features of selenocysteine incorporation function within the context of general eukaryotic translational processes." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 6 (2005): 1493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331493.

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Unlike other essential dietary trace elements, selenium exerts its biological actions through its direct incorporation into selenoproteins, as a part of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine. Fundamental studies have elucidated the unique structures and putative functions of multiple co-translational factors required for the incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins. The current challenge is to understand how these selenocysteine incorporation factors function within the framework of translation. In eukaryotes, co-ordinating nuclear transcription with cytoplasmic translation of genes i
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Pei, Jiang. "Artistic features of poetic translations of I. A. Krylov's fables in China (on the example of the fable "Dragonfly and Ant")." Litera, no. 5 (May 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38018.

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This article is devoted to the artistic features of Chinese poetic translations of Krylov's fables. Unlike traditional Chinese prose fables, Krylov's fables were written in verse, few people know about this in China. Since the first translations of Krylov's fables were made in prose by translators Lin Lezhi, Ren Tingxu, Meng Hai and Wu Yan until the 1980s. The situation changed in 1983 thanks to the wonderful translations of Gu Yu and He Shiin, who creatively translated Krylov's fables in Chinese verse. The author chooses one of the most popular Krylov's fables in China, "The Dragonfly and the
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3

Carbajosa, Natalia. "The Waste Land in Spanish a Hundred Years Later: The Case of Claudio Rodríguez." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 85 (2022): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2022.85.14.

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"This article explores Claudio Rodríguez’s approach to Eliot’s poetry through his unpublished translation of The Waste Land. It also considers Rodríguez’s translation work within the wider context of Eliot’s influence on Spanish poets during the twentieth century, an influence deriving largely from the repeated translations of The Waste Land. Unlike other renowned Spanish poets from the 1950s, my study tackles the significance of Rodríguez’s contribution to the translations of Eliot into Spanish by focusing on his initial reluctance to undertake the task and on the conceptual divergence he fel
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Tsvetkova, Marina V. "Russian Pratchett (Based on Tranlations of the Novel “Mosntrous Regiment”)." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 80, no. 5 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s241377150017129-4.

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The article examines two Russian translations of Terry Pratchettʼs novel “Monstrous Regiment”. Unlike works that deal with the adequacy of translation, this study proposes the approach to translation from the point of view of reception: the transformations occurring during the translation of the novel from English into Russian and the differences between Russian Pratchett and the original. The comparative analysis focuses on cases of transcoding of intertextual inclusions, which are an integral part of all the works of the British writer. This comparative analysis of the translations shows tha
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Zhang, Yaling, and Huiying Yang. "A Study on Scholar-Translators’ Translation Ethics —Exemplified by James Legge’s Translation of Confucian Analects." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2023): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.6.462.

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Since 1980s, there has been an “ethical turn” in translation research, translation ethics research has not only focused on specific translation strategies and techniques, but also shifted its attention to the ethics behind the choices of translators. Unlike professional translators, scholar-translators are responsible for studying the original works, authors, and even the source language and culture, so their ethics behind their translation choices are more complex than professional translators’. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the translation strategies adopted by James Legge, a scho
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Song, Duk Ho. "A Study on the publication of translations of Western classics : An example of translation of Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther." Korean Publishing Science Society 48, no. 3 (2022): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21732/skps.2022.106.55.

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The need to read classics is growing day by day. It is necessary to check once in a while how faithfully translated and disseminated the 'World Literary Collection', which has spread like a fad in the publishing world. In this thesis, readers' translation criticism was attempted on Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is a classic literary work common to all world literature collections in Korea. Checking the translation from the point of view of a reader who does not know the foreign language of the starting text is a criticism about the publisher's publication of the translated book.
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7

Ļaviņš, Imants. "Omāra Haijāma rubaju atdzejojumi latviešu valodā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/2 (March 11, 2021): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-2.246.

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In Latvia, unlike in other countries, the poetry of the outstanding Persian encyclopedist and poet Omar Khayyam Nīshapūrī (1048–1131) was discovered relatively late, when the poet Andrejs Kurcijs translated his quatrains. It must be admitted that even today, for the Latvian reader Omar Khayyam happens to be almost the only one poet of the Islamic world they would recognise. Omar Khayyam’s rubais have not lost their popularity until this day, as evidenced by a large number of re-published rubai translations by Kurcijs. His poetry translations are quite similar to what Edward FitzGerald once cal
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8

Muravnik, Andrey B. "On Global Solutions of Two-Dimensional Hyperbolic Equations with General-Kind Nonlocal Potentials." Mathematics 12, no. 12 (2024): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12121811.

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In the case of one spatial independent variable, we study hyperbolic differential-difference equations with potentials represented as linear combinations of translations of the desired function along the spatial variable. The qualitative novelty of this investigation is that, unlike previous research, it is not assumed that the real part of the symbol of the differential-difference operator contained in the equation has a constant sign. Previously, it was possible to remove that substantial restriction (i.e., the specified sign constancy) only for the case where the nonlocal term (i.e., the tr
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9

Khasankhonova, Durdonakhon, and Navruz Daminov. "Scientific classification of oral translation." Общество и инновации 4, no. 5/S (2023): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss5/s-pp16-19.

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This article is devoted to the main types of translation are technical, legal, business, newspaper, and artistic. Each of them has its own characteristics and its own challenges. In terms of style, technical translation is the simplest, but serious problems can arise with vocabulary and terminology. For example, technical translation from French can be complicated by the presence of a large number of modern terms in the form of neologisms, unlike other foreign languages, in which technical terms are imported and appropriated, especially in the field of high technology.
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10

M. al-Shamiri, Abdul-Kawi Hizam, Mohammed Abduh Nagi Ali Khoshafah, Abdulrahman Ahmed Mohammed Noaman, and Zubaida Mohammed Al-Hazmi. "Translation Shifts in Gibran’s The Prophet." مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية, no. 39 (June 6, 2024): 807–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55074/hesj.vi39.1081.

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This research paper aimed at investigating translation shifts in two Arabic translations of Gibran’s The Prophet, using Leuven-Zwart’s comparative and descriptive model. The main objective of this paper was to identify the micro structural shifts that induced shifts on the macro structural level and to analyze their consequences on the general meaning of the original text with an attempt to explore the potential factors behind them. In this respect, it followed an analytical, descriptive and comparative methodology, analyzing (23) examples taken from the source text (ST) and its target texts (
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Amineva, Venera R. "Translation as a form of representation of the cultural boundaries." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6s (November 2022): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6s-22.084.

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Based on the material of the translation of poems of Tatar poets of the 60s, made by R. Kozhevnikova, the features of the representation of hybrid identity, which is carried out both “within”, “inside” homogeneous culture, and “on the boundaries”, “between” different traditions are studied. Unlike other Russian-speaking poets-translators such as R. Bukharaev, who is painfully experiencing a crisis of his identity, R. Kozhevnikova feels an organic involvement in the traditions of both Tatar and Russian cultures. It is concluded that in R. Kozhevnikova’s lyrics and in her translations of Tatar p
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TSVETKOV, YULIA, and SHULY WINTNER. "Extraction of multi-word expressions from small parallel corpora." Natural Language Engineering 18, no. 4 (2012): 549–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324912000101.

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AbstractWe present a general, novel methodology for extracting multi-word expressions (MWEs) of various types, along with their translations, from small, word-aligned parallel corpora. Unlike existing approaches, we focus on misalignments; these typically indicate expressions in the source language that are translated to the target in a non-compositional way. We introduce a simple algorithm that proposes MWE candidates based on such misalignments, relying on 1:1 alignments as anchors that delimit the search space. We use a large monolingual corpus to rank and filter these candidates. Evaluatio
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Dedes, Khen, Agung Bella Putra Utama, Aji Prasetya Wibawa, Arif Nur Afandi, Anik Nur Handayani, and Leonel Hernandez. "Neural Machine Translation of Spanish-English Food Recipes Using LSTM." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 2 (2022): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.2.804.

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Nowadays, food is one of the things that has been globalized, and everyone from different parts of the world has been able to cook food from other countries through existing online recipes. Based on that, this study developed a translation formula using a neural machine translation (NMT). NMT is a recently proposed approach to machine translation. Unlike the traditional statistical machine translation, the neural machine translation aims at building a single neural network that can be jointly tuned to maximize the translation performance. The models proposed recently for neural machine transla
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14

Giuliodori, Anna, Attilio Fabbretti, and Claudio Gualerzi. "Cold-Responsive Regions of Paradigm Cold-Shock and Non-Cold-Shock mRNAs Responsible for Cold Shock Translational Bias." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030457.

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In Escherichia coli, the mRNA transcribed from the main cold-shock gene cspA is a thermosensor, which at low temperature adopts a conformation particularly suitable for translation in the cold. Unlike cspA, its paralogue cspD is expressed only at 37 °C, is toxic so cannot be hyper-expressed in E. coli and is poorly translated in vitro, especially at low temperature. In this work, chimeric mRNAs consisting of different segments of cspA and cspD were constructed to determine if parts of cspA could confer cold-responsive properties to cspD to improve its expression. The activities of these chimer
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15

Akpaca, Servais Martial. "An Inventory of the Problems Related to Translating and Revising Legal Texts Issued by an African Court: A Case Study." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 7 (2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.7.9.

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The aim of this paper is to make an inventory of the problems that translators encounter when they translate the documents issued by a specific African human rights court. More specifically translating at the ACHPR requires the knowledge of legal language and familiarity with a particular type of legal texts as well as competence in human rights conventions and charters and general translation skills. In an attempt to address these issues, this paper adopts a threefold approach, namely a historical approach recalling some legal systems and traditions upheld by courts, a theoretical approach th
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16

Burtseva, Alla O. "Strategies of Translation of Turkmen Poetry from the Almanacs of the 1930s into Russian: Preliminary Observation." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 16, no. 3-4 (2021): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2021.16.3-4.08.

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The 1930s marked a period of active development for Turkmen-Russian translations, both for ideological reasons and owing to the nature of the literary culture at that time. Translations from Turkmen into Russian were carried out using interlinear translations, and the requirement was not only to create a successful adaptation, but also to adhere to ideological norms which had been implemented in the republics of Central Asia through literary policy. It is clear that we need to distinguish between translations of classical Turkmen literature and translations of 1930s poetry. In the latter case,
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17

Berehovenko, Natalia, and Natalia Demchenko. "Peculiarities of use and methods of translation of english adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size (based on the films of the BBC channel “The Blue Planet” and “Life”)." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine 29, no. 1 (2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2021.245.

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Aim of investigation. This scientific research aims to describe English adjectives of dimension to denote the general small size and ways to reproduce them in Ukrainian and Russian based on BBC films “The Blue Planet” and “Life”. The main research methods are a complex translation, inductive and deductive methods for generalization of the selected language material and derivation of new provisions on the basis of well-known ones. In addition, the method of continuous sampling was also used – to form the body of the studied material; method of comparative and translation analysis of original te
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18

Novoselov, Ilya Viktorovich, and Ilya Alekseevich Ulitkin. "Features of the adaptive translation of aerospace texts from English into Russian." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 8 (2023): 2374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230373.

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The issues of adaptive translation of a special text covering aerospace subjects, including translation and adaptation of English terms of the aerospace sphere to Russian, are considered. The theoretical study conducted to clarify the notion of adaptive translation makes it possible to formulate the definition of adaptive translation, as well as to identify the criteria for assessing its quality based on the criteria for evaluating the quality of translation. It is shown that the preservation of the invariant of translation is the distinctive characteristic of adaptive translation, while the m
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19

S, Ms Saila, Shreyas M, Pramod R. Kennady, and Yashodhar P. "Multilingual Interpreter and Translator." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 12 (2023): 1557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57665.

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Abstract: Over the years, the issue of language differences has made it more difficult to communicate information effectively between countries and efficient information exchange has been hampered by the issue of linguistic differences. The conventional method employed to address linguistic barriers has not proven beneficial or effective. In the present, language interpreters need to be proficient in both the language they are translating into and the original language. The traditional methods of resolving language differences have not proven beneficial or productive. Additionally, language di
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В. Г. НІКОНОВА and Р. І. ЛУЦЕНКО. "SIMILES AS MEANS OF REPRESENTING THE AUTHOR’S WORLDVIEW AND THEIR RENDERING IN LITERARY TRANSLATION (in Ukrainian translations of contemporary English poetry)." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 22, no. 2 (2019): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2019.191992.

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Introduction. Today, simile as a stylistic device attracts the attention of scholars in translation studies, since similes convey the figurative information of the source text and, consequently, their adequate rendering contributes to the creation of an adequate translation of the whole poetic work taking into account its imagery as a key to understanding the author’s worldview. The translator should strive to preserve the image of the source text in translation by using the means of expressiveness which is one of the most complex problems in the theory of translation from English into Ukraini
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Kostovskaya, Ol'ga Anatol'evna. "Poetry Translation Techniques as Exemplified by German and English Translation of Peter Yershov’s Tale «Конёк-Горубнок» («Das bucklige Pferdchen», «The Little Humpbacked Horse»)". Филология: научные исследования, № 2 (лютий 2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2023.2.39104.

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The subject of the study is techniques and methods used in translation of poetical texts. The object of the research is a poetical text. The author considers in detail stylistic and structural aspects of the topic. The translatability of poetry is achieved by using some strategies which tend (come) to submitting or adapting the rules of the source language to those of the target language with use of such methods as analysis and comparison of a poem in different languages, interpretation which implies, unlike passive perception of the original text, an active, analytical approach to the poem. S
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Shaikh, Aasef G., Fatema F. Ghasia, J. David Dickman, and Dora E. Angelaki. "Properties of Cerebellar Fastigial Neurons During Translation, Rotation, and Eye Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 2 (2005): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00879.2004.

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The most medial of the deep cerebellar nuclei, the fastigial nucleus (FN), receives sensory vestibular information and direct inhibition from the cerebellar vermis. We investigated the signal processing in the primate FN by recording single-unit activities during translational motion, rotational motion, and eye movements. Firing rate modulation during horizontal plane translation in the absence of eye movements was observed in all non-eye-movement-sensitive cells and 26% of the pursuit eye-movement-sensitive neurons in the caudal FN. Many non-eye-movement-sensitive cells recorded in the rostra
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23

Ding, Ersu. "Transmuting the painterly sign." Chinese Semiotic Studies 20, no. 1 (2024): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2024-2007.

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Abstract According to renowned linguist and semiotician Roman Jakobson, translation can be divided into three general categories: intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation/transmutation. Unlike the first two categories, intersemiotic transmutation lacks the usual isomorphism that exist between a source and its target, but that should not deter us from discovering an underlying universal process of two-step interpretation that is involved in transmuting painting as a nonverbal sign into art criticism which is mostly verbal. Put simply, painting as a speci
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Mangkalaphiban, Kotchaphorn, Robin Ganesan, and Allan Jacobson. "Pleiotropic effects of PAB1 deletion: Extensive changes in the yeast proteome, transcriptome, and translatome." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 9 (2024): e1011392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011392.

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Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC; Pab1 in yeast) is thought to be involved in multiple steps of post-transcriptional control, including translation initiation, translation termination, and mRNA decay. To understand both the direct and indirect roles of PABPC in more detail, we have employed mass spectrometry to assess the abundance of the components of the yeast proteome, as well as RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq to analyze changes in the abundance and translation of the yeast transcriptome, in cells lacking the PAB1 gene. We find that pab1Δ cells manifest drastic changes in the proteome and t
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Mansour, Ahmed, and Abdennour Kharraki. "Techniques of Subtitling Jokes from English into Arabic." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 5, no. 1 (2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v5i1.892.

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Translating jokes from English into Arabic is a challenging task since jokes are strongly related to their languages and cultures. The task is becoming more challenging due to the subtitling rules, conventions, and constraints. The present study endeavours to investigate the translating techniques used by different Arabic subtitlers in different films to solve the technical, linguistic, and cultural problems of subtitling jokes in different American films. To achieve this pursuit we adopt Baker’s (2011) techniques for translating idioms and adapt them to meet the requirement of the subtitling
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Banstola, Ashik, and John N. J. Reynolds. "The Sheep as a Large Animal Model for the Investigation and Treatment of Human Disorders." Biology 11, no. 9 (2022): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091251.

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An essential aim of biomedical research is to translate basic science information obtained from preclinical research using small and large animal models into clinical practice for the benefit of humans. Research on rodent models has enhanced our understanding of complex pathophysiology, thus providing potential translational pathways. However, the success of translating drugs from pre-clinical to clinical therapy has been poor, partly due to the choice of experimental model. The sheep model, in particular, is being increasingly applied to the field of biomedical research and is arguably one of
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27

Shizhang, Yang. "Cultranslatology in China." Lomonosov Translation Studies Journal, no. 3, 2024 (December 30, 2024): 46–61. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu2074-6636-22-2024-17-3-46-61.

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Culture has long been noticed in translation practice, and theoretical research on translation and culture has a history of over 40 years. Unlike the cultural schools of translation studies in the West, Chinese scholars have been studying the construction of cultranslatology based on the ontology of translation, in order to establish cultranslatology as a sub discipline of translation studies. Th e goal of this article is to study the emergence, establishment, and development of cultranslatology in China, reveal the contributions of Chinese scholars to cultranslatology and even general transla
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Ha, Young-Woo, and Woo-Bong Shin. "A Study on Morphological Syntax Characteristics of Jeju Dialect Bible." Dongnam Journal of Korean Language and Literature 54 (November 30, 2022): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21654/djkll.2022.54.1.139.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the translation aspects and characteristics of lexical and grammatical morphemes in the 『Jeju Dialect Bible』. For this purpose, the translation pattern of lexical morphemes in the 『Jeju Dialect Bible』 was analyzed by comparing it with the 『Jeju dictionary』, and the translation pattern of grammatical morphemes was examined focusing on the ending type. As a result of the study, 『Jeju Dialect Bible』 tended to prefer typical forms with prominent characteristics of the Jeju dialect in transposing lexical morphemes. In this process, the form and usage patterns
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Eiermann, Nina, Georg Stoecklin та Bogdan Jovanovic. "Mitochondrial Inhibition by Sodium Azide Induces Assembly of eIF2α Phosphorylation-Independent Stress Granules in Mammalian Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 10 (2022): 5600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105600.

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Mitochondrial stress is involved in many pathological conditions and triggers the integrated stress response (ISR). The ISR is initiated by phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2α and results in global inhibition of protein synthesis, while the production of specific proteins important for the stress response and recovery is favored. The stalled translation preinitiation complexes phase-separate together with local RNA binding proteins into cytoplasmic stress granules (SG), which are important for regulation of cell signaling and survival under stress condition
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BEDAIR, OSAMA. "STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PLATES WITH PARTIAL RESTRAINTS USING UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 03 (2010): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003427.

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A procedure is presented for stability analysis of thin plates subject to any combination of in-plane shear, biaxial compression, and bending. Unlike finite element or finite strip methods, where the plate is discretized into a set of elements or strips, the plate here is treated as a single element. An energy-based formulation is used to express the buckling coefficient, K, in terms of general functions that describe the longitudinal and transverse displacement profiles. The longitudinal edges are treated as partially restrained against rotation (PRR) and in-plane translation. Unconstrained o
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Grynko, Olga. "FOREIGN WORDS: ON THE ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING AND TRANSLATION." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-62-65.

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When used in the texts, foreign words often function as a stylistic device and become a relevant feature of the author’s individual style. The article looks at the issues of functioning and translation of foreign words with the focus on those not being “adapted”, that is preserving its original “foreign” form (unlike those being transcribed without morphological and syntactical changes). The work systematizes the ways these elements are introduced into the original text. It shows they can either be introduced with no explanation, relying on the reader’s general expertise and creating certain e
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Zhen, Zhen, and Srinivas Sampalli. "Mobile IP Address Efficiency." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 2, no. 1 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v2i1.303.

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In future wireless networks, Mobile IP will be widely deployed as a general mobility protocol. Currently, in theprotocol each mobile node (MN) should have one public home address to identify itself when it is away from home. Unlike the stationary host, the MN cannot simply use private addresses when NAT (Network Address Translation) is enabled. How to assign public addresses among mobile nodes is important to save the already limited IPv4 addresses. Even though Mobile IPv6 can provide a large address space, when communicating with IPv4 based hosts, the MN still needs to use one public IPv4 add
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Fadel, Ali, Ibraheem Tuffaha, and Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub. "Neural Arabic Text Diacritization: State-of-the-Art Results and a Novel Approach for Arabic NLP Downstream Tasks." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470849.

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In this work, we present several deep learning models for the automatic diacritization of Arabic text. Our models are built using two main approaches, viz. Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), with several enhancements such as 100-hot encoding, embeddings, Conditional Random Field (CRF), and Block-Normalized Gradient (BNG). The models are tested on the only freely available benchmark dataset and the results show that our models are either better or on par with other models even those requiring human-crafted language-dependent post-processing steps, unlike ours
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Arindam Roy, Et al. "Neural Machine Translation from Bengali Language to English language and vice-versa." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 3823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9635.

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Bengali ranks among the first ten spoken languages in the world with a native speaker numbering about 230 million people. With UNESCO declaring 21st February as International Mother Language Day to commemorate the laying down of lives by five Bangladeshi students for the cause of their mother tongue, Bengali has come into the radar of worldwide attention . Though significant amount of prose, poetry have been written in Bengali language and large number of newspapers in Bengali get published daily, technically it is still considered a Low Resource Language (LRL) unlike English or French which a
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Graff, Judith, and Ellie Ehrenfeld. "Coding Sequences Enhance Internal Initiation of Translation by Hepatitis A Virus RNA In Vitro." Journal of Virology 72, no. 5 (1998): 3571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.5.3571-3577.1998.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV), unlike other picornaviruses, has a slow-growth phenotype in permissive cell lines and in general does not induce host cell cytopathology. Although there are no published reports of productive infection of HeLa cells by HAV, HAV RNA appears to be readily translated in HeLa cells when transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase provided by a recombinant vaccinia virus. The 5′ noncoding region of HAV was fused to poliovirus (PV) coding sequences to determine the effect on translation efficiency in HeLa cell extracts in vitro. Conditions were optimized for utilization of the
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36

CHO, Eunnarae. "EXPRESSION OF INDUCEMENT IN KOREAN AND BULGARIAN." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 3, ezs.swu.v19i3 (October 1, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i3.4.

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This article attempts to present some means of expressing inducement in Korean and Bulgarian and to suggest some features discovered in the translation corpus, composed of five original Korean novels and their translations in Bulgarian. Unlike imperative mood, which is a grammatically concretized notion of deontic modality, inducement is a complex unity formed by various elements such as morphological, syntactic and lexical elements. Therefore, it can be realized both directly and indirectly through the means, which express / do not express inducement in its own form. As for the direct way, Bu
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Seccia, Maria Cristina. "Translating the Daughter’s Consciousness in Genni Gunn’s Tracing Iris." Italian Canadiana 37, no. 1 (2023): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ic.v37i1.42113.

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This article examines Genni Gunn’s novel Tracing Iris (2001) and its Italian translation Alla ricerca di Iris (2022) with a focus on the representation of the mother-daughter relationship, a recurring theme in Italian-Canadian women’s writing and a fruitful object of investigation in Translation Studies as it offers new insights into women’s writing and the crucial role played by the maternal figure in the formation of female identity. Unlike most Italian-Canadian daughter-centric first-person narratives, which commonly represent a conflictual relationship with the Italian maternal figure, see
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38

Pal, Dipan K., and Marios Savvides. "Non-Parametric Transformation Networks for Learning General Invariances from Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 4667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33014667.

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ConvNets, through their architecture, only enforce invariance to translation. In this paper, we introduce a new class of deep convolutional architectures called Non-Parametric Transformation Networks (NPTNs) which can learn general invariances and symmetries directly from data. NPTNs are a natural generalization of ConvNets and can be optimized directly using gradient descent. Unlike almost all previous works in deep architectures, they make no assumption regarding the structure of the invariances present in the data and in that aspect are flexible and powerful. We also model ConvNets and NPTN
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Khorshid Ahmed, Alaa, and Shivan Shlaymoon Toma. "Teaching and Learning Simultaneous Interpreting at Kurdistan Region Universities: Challenges and Strategies." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 12, no. 4 (2023): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v12n4a1478.

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Simultaneous Interpreting (SI henceforth) is a mode of oral translation which plays an important role in the realm of translation. SI is unlike written translation where the prior is more difficult when it comes to practice in the field. Moreover, SI is an exclusive skill which requires more than an ability to speak many languages. It is a process that leads people to communicate directly across cultural boundaries. The key problem is how to mitigate or overcome SI obstacles. This problematic area is going to be investigated in this study. The main aim of this study is to highlight the key cha
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HYDER, MASHUD, MD MONIRUL ISLAM, M. A. H. AKHAND, and KAZUYUKI MURASE. "SYMMETRY AXIS BASED OBJECT RECOGNITION UNDER TRANSLATION, ROTATION AND SCALING." International Journal of Neural Systems 19, no. 01 (2009): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065709001811.

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This paper presents a new approach, known as symmetry axis based feature extraction and recognition (SAFER), for recognizing objects under translation, rotation and scaling. Unlike most previous invariant object recognition (IOR) systems, SAFER puts emphasis on both simplicity and accuracy of the recognition system. To achieve simplicity, it uses simple formulae for extracting invariant features from an object. The scheme used in feature extraction is based on the axis of symmetry and angles of concentric circles drawn around the object. SAFER divides the extracted features into a number of gr
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Mir, Mustansir. "Towards Understanding the Qur'an Translation of Mawdudi's Tafhim al-Qur'an." American Journal of Islam and Society 7, no. 2 (1990): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v7i2.2794.

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Sayyid Abul A'la Mawdudi's multi-volume Tafhim al-Quran is a majorQur'an commentary of the twentieth century. Written over a period of aboutthirty years, the work runs the gamut of Qur'anic-and Islamic-thought anddoctrine, and is the magnum opus of a writer called by Wilfred CantwellSmith "the most systematic thinker of modern Islam." As such, Tafhim isan important work. An English translation exists, but clearly there was aneed for a new translation, and that is what Zafar Ishaq Ansari attemptsto provide in Towards Understanding the Qur'an, of which two volumes,covering the first six surahs o
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Karamysheva, Zemfira N., Samrat Moitra, Andrea Perez, et al. "Unexpected Role of Sterol Synthesis in RNA Stability and Translation in Leishmania." Biomedicines 9, no. 6 (2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9060696.

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Leishmania parasites are trypanosomatid protozoans that cause leishmaniasis affecting millions of people worldwide. Sterols are important components of the plasma and organellar membranes. They also serve as precursors for the synthesis of signaling molecules. Unlike animals, Leishmania does not synthesize cholesterol but makes ergostane-based sterols instead. C-14-demethylase is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of sterols and an important drug target. In Leishmania parasites, the inactivation of C-14-demethylase leads to multiple defects, including increased plasma membrane fluidity,
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Ma, Ruhui, Haibing Guan, Erzhou Zhu, Yongqiang Gao, and Alei Liang. "Code cache management based on working set in dynamic binary translator." Computer Science and Information Systems 8, no. 3 (2011): 653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis100327022m.

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Software code cache employed to store translated or optimized codes, amortizes the overhead of dynamic binary translation via reusing of stored-altered copies of original program instructions. Though many conventional code cache managements, such as Flush, Least-Recently Used (LRU), have been applied on some classic dynamic binary translators, actually they are so unsophisticated yet unadaptable that it not only brings additional unnecessary overhead, but also wastes much cache space, since there exist several noticeable features in software code cache, unlike pages in memory. Consequently, th
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Kim, Youn Jung, Yejin Lee, Hong Zhang, et al. "Translational Attenuation by an Intron Retention in the 5′ UTR of ENAM Causes Amelogenesis Imperfecta." Biomedicines 9, no. 5 (2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9050456.

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Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collection of rare genetic conditions affecting tooth enamel. The affected enamel can be of insufficient quantity and/or altered quality, impacting structural content, surface integrity and coloration. Heterozygous mutations in ENAM result in hypoplastic AI without other syndromic phenotypes, with variable expressivity and reduced penetrance, unlike other AI-associated genes. In this study, we recruited a Caucasian family with hypoplastic AI. Mutational analysis (using whole exome sequencing) revealed a splicing donor site mutation (NM_031889.3: c. −61 + 1G &g
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Gurevich, D. L. "DISCOURSE STRATEGIES MARKERS IN A. CHEKHOV’s PLAYS “THREE SISTERS” AND “THE SEAGULL” AND WAYS OF TRANSLATION INTO PORTUGUESE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 4 (2022): 762–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-4-762-771.

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A. Chekhov’s plays “Three sisters” and “The Seagull” are characterized by at least one linguistic innovation: the speech of the characters is as close as possible to colloquial speech, typical for educated people. The absence of a traditional plot and the characters’ vivid and natural, “non-theatrical” speech provide for the conventional, spoken stylistic coloring of the text. However, the spoken Russian discourse, in contrast to its artificial literary imitation, has a wide range of pragmatic means that specify the discourse strategies of speakers. For example, in Russian, unlike in Brazilian
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Pak, Antonina, Svitlana Hurbanska, Olha Boiko, Valentyna Avramenko, and Petro Katerynych. "The Formalized Semantics of Neologisms-Slangisms in the Context of the English Translation of A Military Narrative." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 6 (2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p537.

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Each new designation associated with a designation already fixed in the language is traditionally and automatically considered a case of semantic neology and is a case of polysemy. This simplistic analysis does not take into account morphological analysis and ignores the semantic laws that govern changes in meaning. The paper examines the meaning and evolution of semantic neologisms in military English discourse. In particular, three types of neologisms can be distinguished: neologisms-borrowings, neologisms-homonyms, and semantic neologisms. The emphasis is placed on semantic neologisms since
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Lin, Zhaoheng, Rongfang Li, Zhiwei Han, et al. "The Universally Conserved Unconventional G Protein YchF Is Critical for Growth and Stress Response." Life 13, no. 4 (2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13041058.

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The ancient guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins are a group of critical regulatory and signal transduction proteins, widely involved in diverse cellular processes of all kingdoms of life. YchF is a kind of universally conserved novel unconventional G protein that appears to be crucial for growth and stress response in eukaryotes and bacteria. YchF is able to bind and hydrolyze both adenine nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine nucleoside triphosphate (GTP), unlike other members of the P-loop GTPases. Hence, it can transduce signals and mediate multiple biological functions by using e
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48

Kedrova, Marina O. "Dan Sperber’s philosophy of culture." Philosophy of the History of Philosophy 2 (2021): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu34.2021.119.

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This article is a general preliminary sketch of the philosophy of culture of the French philosopher Dan Sperber (b. 1942). At the center of our analysis is his monograph “Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach” (1996). Sperber develops a materialistic approach to culture, based on the Darwinian model and on the achievements of contemporary cognitive psychology. He argues that cultural epidemiology (epidemiology of representations) must study culture. Sperber distinguishes between two types of representations: mental and public. These representations form causal chains. Sperber’s task is t
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Zhang, Guoqiang, Yuanchao Xu, Xipeng Shen, and Işıl Dillig. "UDF to SQL translation through compositional lazy inductive synthesis." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485489.

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Many data processing systems allow SQL queries that call user-defined functions (UDFs) written in conventional programming languages. While such SQL extensions provide convenience and flexibility to users, queries involving UDFs are not as efficient as their pure SQL counterparts that invoke SQL’s highly-optimized built-in functions. Motivated by this problem, we propose a new technique for translating SQL queries with UDFs to pure SQL expressions. Unlike prior work in this space, our method is not based on syntactic rewrite rules and can handle a much more general class of UDFs. At a high-lev
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Khalsa, Jasneet Kaur, and Khalid Shah. "Immune Profiling of Syngeneic Murine and Patient GBMs for Effective Translation of Immunotherapies." Cells 10, no. 3 (2021): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030491.

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Immunotherapy for brain tumors remains elusive, unlike many other cancer types for which it is one of the most promising therapeutic options. Recent studies have comprehensively profiled the immune-landscape of the highly malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM) in patients and identified novel immune-modulatory targets. However, given that pre-clinical exploration of potential novel therapeutics is primarily performed in immune-competent mice, it is vital to compare the immune-profiling data obtained from syngeneic mouse GBM models with GBM patient samples. This will pave the way for utilizi
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