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Journal articles on the topic 'Unloading path'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Zhezhe, Baohua Guo, Shengjin Cheng, Pengbo Zhong, and Chuangwei Zhu. "Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of concrete joints under different unloading stress paths." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (2024): e0310694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310694.

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In order to study the shear mechanical properties of rock joint under different unloading stress paths, the RDS-200 rock joint shear test system was used to carry out direct shear tests on concrete joint specimens with five different morphologies under the CNL path and different unloading stress paths. The unloading stress paths include unloading normal load and maintaining constant shear load (UNLCSL), unloading normal load and unloading shear load (UNLUSL), unloading normal load and increasing shear load (UNLISL). The results show that the peak shear strength, cohesion, internal friction ang

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2

Fozao, D. S., A. E. Foudjet, A. Kouam, and D. Fokwa. "Modeling the stress-strain behavior of Bamboo under cyclic uniaxial loading." Revue Scientifique et Technique Forêt et Environnement du Bassin du Congo 2 (November 16, 2015): 9–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33836.

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This paper presents a series of cyclic uniaxial compressive loading tests carried out on cylindrical samples of bamboo, in order to develop unloading and reloading stress-strain models. Two bamboo species from Congo Basin, the Bambusa vulgaris and Oxytenantera abyssinica were used for these experiments.   It is found from the test results that the unloading and reloading do not essentially change the shape of the envelope curves of the stress-strain relations and that to predict models for an unloading and a reloading path, the plastic strain, the unloading strain, the strain at yield, th

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3

Dai, Bing, Guoyan Zhao, Longjun Dong, and Chen Yang. "Mechanical Characteristics for Rocks under Different Paths and Unloading Rates under Confining Pressures." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/578748.

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To investigate mechanical characteristics of rocks under different unloading conditions, triaxial tests are carried out with initial confining pressures of 10, 20, and 30 MPa and unloading rates of 0.05~1 MPa/s in three stress paths. Results show that the increment of axial strain is far less than that of the lateral strain. The unloading rates of confining pressures have less influence on variation of strain and lateral increment in path I. The variation of axial increment strain in the same time is slightly larger than the variation of lateral increment; D-value is influenced by unloading ra

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4

Qin, Tao, Hongru Sun, Heng Liu, et al. "Experimental Study on Mechanical and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rock Samples under Different Stress Paths." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4813724.

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A series of tests on characteristics of acoustic emission have been performed on sandstone under uniaxial, conventional, and triaxial conditions and the unloading confining pressure path. The failure mode of rock specimen has been scanned by CT and a three-dimensional reconstruction was made. The differences on characteristics of AE, mechanics, and the failure mode of sandstone during the failure process under three paths are studied. The results show that the deformation of rock specimen is bigger, and axial strain and circumferential strain have a deformation platform at peak point of stress

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5

Pan, Jiahui, Lizhang Xu, En Lu, et al. "Design and Experiment of an Unoccupied Control System for a Tracked Grain Vehicle." Sensors 24, no. 9 (2024): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092715.

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In order to enhance crop harvesting efficiency, an automatic-driving tracked grain vehicle system was designed. Based on the harvester chassis, we designed the mechanical structure of a tracked grain vehicle with a loading capacity of 4.5 m3 and a grain unloading hydraulic system. Using the BODAS hydraulic controller, we implemented the design of an electronic control system that combines the manual and automatic operation of the chassis walking mechanism and grain unloading mechanism. We utilized a hybrid A* algorithm to plan the traveling path of the tracked grain vehicle, and the path-track

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6

Zhang, Yan Gang, Kun Yong Zhang, Wang Lin Li, and Qiao Zhen Shi. "Unloading Triaxial Experimental Study on Stress Path of Excavated Soil Slope." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2797.

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The current research was implemented to study the practical unloading stress path that the slope mass experienced during the excavation process, which is very important in the stress and strain numerical analysis. Series of unloading tests were carried out under different confining pressure. During the test process, the minor principal stress was kept decreasing, while the major principal stress was kept unchanged to simulate the stress path in some locations of the soil slope, such as at the top of the slope. The corresponding conventional triaxial compression tests were also carried out as c

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7

Zhang, Yingjie, Jiangteng Li, Gang Ma, and Shuangfei Liu. "Unloading Mechanics and Energy Characteristics of Sandstone under Different Intermediate Principal Stress Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5577321.

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The TRW-3000 true triaxial rock testing machine was used to conduct loading and unloading tests of sandstone under different σ 2 , and the true triaxial lateral unloading mechanics and energy characteristics of sandstone under different σ 2 were studied. The experimental results show the following: (1) compared with the results of the loading test, the peak strength of the sandstone under the unloading σ 3 path is reduced, the unloading direction has obvious expansion and deformation, and the amount of expansion increases significantly with the increase of σ 2 ; sudden brittle failure occurs a

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8

Prakash, Sabyasachi, Michael Myers, George Wong, Lori Hathon, and Duane Mikulencak. "Experimental Studies to Evaluate the Effects of Different Unloading Stress Paths on Strength Properties of Unconsolidated Sands." Geosciences 15, no. 5 (2025): 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15050173.

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The mechanical behavior of rocks under loading conditions depends on stress path and magnitude. With increasing load, rocks have an elasto-plastic behavior. Within the loading yield surface, constitutive models assume that rocks behave elastically and are independent of the stress path and magnitude (e.g., Mohr–Coulomb models). We performed tests on unconsolidated sands (no cementation), and under both loading and unloading conditions. We mapped the loading yield surface using a multi-stage triaxial test with the yield criterion as the point of positive dilatancy. We studied the yield behavior

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9

Zhou, Xiaogui, Haiming Liu, Yintong Guo, Lei Wang, Zhenkun Hou, and Peng Deng. "An Evaluation Method of Brittleness Characteristics of Shale Based on the Unloading Experiment." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091779.

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Shale reservoir has an initial unloading effect during the natural uplift and erosion process, which causes the shale brittleness to change, affecting the design of the fracturing scheme. To consider this, the axial compression loading and confining pressure unloading experiment of shale is carried out, and then the influence of unloading rate on the mechanical parameters, failure characteristics, and the brittleness of rock are analyzed. What is more, a new evaluation method of brittleness characteristics that take the unloading effect into consideration is proposed. The conclusions are as fo

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10

Li, Lu, Meng Zang, Rongtang Zhang, and Haijun Lu. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Structured Clay under Different Unloading Rates and Unloading Stress Paths." Buildings 13, no. 6 (2023): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061544.

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Consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests were performed on undisturbed saturated structured clay at three unloading rates (0.1, 0.25, and 2.5 kPa/min) using a GDS triaxial system to determine the effects of different unloading rates and unloading stress paths on the stress–strain relationship, pore pressure variation, and failure strength characteristics of Zhanjiang structured clay. Microstructural changes in the clay were observed during shear tests at different unloading rates. Furthermore, the obtained stress–strain relationship indicates strain-softening under different unloading stres

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11

Peng, Shilong, Zhijun Li, Hua Cheng, Yuhao Xu, Ting Zhang, and Guangyong Cao. "Mechanical Response Characteristics and Tangent Modulus Calculation Model of Expansive-Clay Unloading Stress Path." Buildings 14, no. 8 (2024): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082497.

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As a special type of clay, expansive clay is widely distributed in China. Its characteristics of swelling and softening when meeting water and shrinking and cracking when losing water bring many hidden dangers to engineering construction. Expansive clay is known as “engineering cancer”, and in-depth research on the unloading mechanical response characteristics and the unloading constitutive relationships of expansive clay is a prerequisite for conducting geotechnical engineering design and safety analysis in expansive-soil areas. In order to obtain the unloading mechanical response characteris

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12

Huang, Wei, Junjie Li, Yuming Lu, et al. "Mechanical Properties of Soft Soil considering the Influence of Unloading Stress Paths." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8813882.

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The mechanical properties of soft soil are crucial for the design and construction of underground space excavation; however, the current design and numerical analysis of underground spaces consider the loading mechanical parameters, ignoring the influence of the unloading stress path resulting in frequent construction accidents in practice. Here, soft soil in Shenzhen, China, is taken as the research subject, and a series of consolidated-undrained unloading tests are performed. First, K0 consolidation is conducted. Then, unloading tests are performed with different unloading ratios to simulate

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13

Huang, Wei, Kejun Wen, Dongsheng Li, et al. "Experiment Study of Lateral Unloading Stress Path and Excess Pore Water Pressure on Creep Behavior of Soft Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9898031.

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The unloading creep behavior of soft soil under lateral unloading stress path and excess pore water pressure is the core problem of time-dependent analysis of surrounding rock deformation under excavation of soft soil. The soft soil in Shenzhen, China, was selected in this study. The triaxial unloading creep tests of soft soil under different initial excess pore water pressures (0, 20, 40, and 60 kPa) were conducted with the K0 consolidation and lateral unloading stress paths. The results show that the unloading creep of soft soil was divided into three stages: attenuation creep, constant velo

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14

Wang, Jian Ye, and Li Yun Peng. "The Review of Research on Deep Foundation Pit Excavation under Unloading Condition." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.244.

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The calculation parameters of foundation pit excavation are usually obtained by the conventional triaxial test regardless of the unloading process, which leads to supporting mobile,soil rebound caused by excavation unloading, and unreasonable and dangerous design. In recent years, some researches have been done on pit excavation under unloading condition. In this paper, a review on pit under excavation unloading according recent research was made including stress path tests, numerical simulation, and constitutive model.

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15

Zhang, Qihang, Xiangrui Meng, and Guangming Zhao. "Energy Evolution and Fractal Characteristics of Sandstones Under True Triaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 12 (2024): 714. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120714.

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To study the fractal characteristics and energy evolution of sandstones under true three-dimensional stress states, a true triaxial compression test and a cyclic loading and unloading test of sandstone specimens under different loads were carried out using a self-developed true triaxial disturbance testing system. Based on the evolution law of true triaxial cyclic loading and unloading stress–strain, the types of loading and unloading in the cyclic loading and unloading test were delineated, and the reasons for the change in peak maximum principal stress intensity under different paths were an

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16

Li, Xibing, Wenzhuo Cao, Zilong Zhou, and Yang Zou. "Influence of stress path on excavation unloading response." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 42 (May 2014): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.03.002.

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17

Gao, Deyi, Shuxun Sang, Shiqi Liu, Wenkai Wang, and Hang Mo. "Experimental Investigation on the Deformation Characteristics and Mechanical Behaviors of Tectonic Coal under Complex Unloading Confining Pressure." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041889.

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Conventional and cyclic unloading tests with different unloading rates were conducted to study the influences of unloading patterns and rates on the deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of tectonic coal. The results demonstrate that, under continuous unloading, a lower unloading rate promotes an increase in the circumferential strain but inhibits increases in axial strain. A lower unloading rate was found to be able to promote volume expansion under the cyclic unloading path, and the axial, circumferential, and volume strains increased stepwise with the unloading levels, but t

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18

Chen, Chen, Lipeng Liu, and Yu Cong. "Experimental Investigation on Deformation and Strength Behavior of Marble with the Complex Loading-Unloading Stress Path." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 4, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8853044.

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The excavation of deep tunnel in rock mass undergoes complex loading and unloading stress paths, resulting in rib spalling, flaking, and even severe rockburst disasters. Based on the variation law of the stress path of the surrounding rock, laboratory tests of rock mechanics are designed, and the deformation and strength behavior of marble with different initial confining pressure and unloading rates are systematically studied. By introducing strain increment, the characteristic stress, and the dilatancy index, the rock’s dilatancy and brittleness under different unloading conditions are quant

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19

Han, Tielin, Junping Shi, and Yunsheng Chen. "Mechanical Characteristics and Failure Characteristics of Jointed Rock under Axial Unloading and Radial Unloading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8812621.

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In this research, we used precracked rock-like materials (simulating jointed rock masses) to assess the triaxial compression of cracked specimens under axial unloading and radial unloading paths. The research goal was to comparatively analyze and research the mechanical characteristics of cracked specimens to ascertain how deformation properties, strength properties, and failure features influence the overall mechanisms in context. The test results showed that the failure of specimens did not appear at peak stress under axial unloading and radial unloading. The elastic stage, yield stage, and

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20

Wang, Jijing, Hualin Zhang, Shuangxing Qi, Hanbing Bian, Biao Long, and Xinbo Duan. "Study on the Strength and Failure Characteristics of Silty Mudstone Using Different Unloading Paths." Materials 16, no. 14 (2023): 5155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145155.

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To investigate the strength and failure characteristics of silty mudstone using different stress paths, silt-like mudstone specimens were subjected to triaxial unloading tests. The results indicate the following. (1) When subjected to equivalent initial deviator stress levels and differing confining pressures, the peak stress, residual stress, and elastic modulus, exhibited during unloading, increased concordantly with greater initial confining pressure. Both the peak strain and residual strain increased with rising initial confining pressure. The increase in peak strain and residual strain in

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21

Jiang, Ling, Mengjie Wu, Qiuping Yu, Yuxia Shan, and Yuyan Zhang. "Investigations on the Adhesive Contact Behaviors between a Viscoelastic Stamp and a Transferred Element in Microtransfer Printing." Coatings 11, no. 10 (2021): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101201.

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Microtransfer printing is a sophisticated technique for the heterogeneous integration of separately fabricated micro/nano-elements into functional systems by virtue of an elastomeric stamp. One important factor influencing the capability of this technique depends on the adhesion between the viscoelastic stamp and the transferred element. To provide theoretical guidance for the control of adhesion in the transfer printing process, a finite element model for the viscoelastic adhesive contact between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp and a spherical transferred element was established, in which

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22

Cheng, Tao, Yi Zhang, and Keqin Yan. "Experimental Study of Silty Clay Plane Strain Tri-axial Test under RTC Path and Modified Cam-clay Model." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (2018): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309112.

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The character of geomaterials is affected by stress path remarkably. Under different stress paths, the stress-strain characteristics of geomaterials are difference. For the unloading path in existing engineering situation, the physical parameters and constitutive model is usually determined by loading test. The path to uninstall the actual project conditions which may be a larger error. Therefore, this work proceeding from the actual project, deep excavation of the lateral unloading condition is analysed. The tests of CTC path and RTC path on silty clay in Huangshi city of china by multi-path

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23

Chen, Zhiheng, Junhua Xue, Lanlan Guo, Renhui Cheng, Quanlin Yang, and Jian Xiao. "The Physical Behavior of Protected Coal Seams Based on Triaxial Unloading Conditions." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (2024): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020922.

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Protective seam mining is the most economical and effective measure for eliminating coal and gas herniation. To study the unloading effect of the mining of a protective seam on the protected layer, and to better grasp the effect of the protective layer on the abatement, conventional triaxial tests were conducted on coal samples with the unloading of the axial pressure and the peripheral pressure. The results showed that, under the unloading path, the bias stress–axial strain curve showed a sudden upward trend upon unloading, and the slope of the curve increased suddenly, which was more obvious

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24

Wibowo, Prakasa Eko, D. A. Lasse, and Sulistyawati Toelle. "Kinerja Pelabuhan Konvensional di Makassar." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 6, no. 3 (2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v6i3.345.

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The purpose of the paper is to find out the effect of loading unloading and clearance in/out service preparation of the loading unloading productivity to the performance of Makassar Conventional Port. The problem of the paper was the low performance of loading unloading productivity in Makassar Conventional Port due to nature resources, facilities, and human resources. The paper used quantitative method using path analysis. There were 60 samples taken. The result of the paper partially shows that there is a significant and direct effect of loading unloading productivity to the port performance

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25

Lv, Ying Hui, Xia Ting Feng, and Jun Yan Liu. "Unloading Characteristics of Hard Rock at Depth." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2205.

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DaGangShan power station in China is being excavation at 1500 meters deep below earth surface, where the surrounding rock is affected by high initial geo-stress. Deep excavation of rock tunnels causes release of high initial geo-stress and produces unloading action. As thus, a series of representative unloading tests on hard granite from DaGangShan power station are carried out to simulate dynamically excavation process, and in unloading tests, the stress path of decreasing confining pressure along with increasing axial pressure is accepted. The results of tests show as follows: (1) Under unlo

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26

He, Yi, and Xuejun Chen. "The Application of Improved Duncan-Chang Model in Unloading Soil." Open Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501408010410.

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On the basis of the representative samples of silty clay found in Wuhan, China, the lateral unloading of soil’s stress path produced by excavating foundation pit engineering, was simulated by triaxial experiment. A series of consolidated- drained true triaxial test and normal triaxial test were conducted. According to the results of tests, the parameter of the Duncan-Chang Model was determined. A modulus formula was used for the foundation soil in the lateral unloading stress path tests to replace the modulus formula of Duncan-Chang Model based on the σ3 =const . Moreover, the Duncan- Chang hy

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27

Guo, Zhenghuai, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, Phung Nhu Hao Vu, and Zhenliang Guan. "Characteristics of Elastoplastic Consolidation by Compaction and Its Effects on Coal Permeability." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207647.

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This paper presents a combined experimental–analytical investigation of coal strain development under fluctuating applied hydrostatic stress. The laboratory setup mimics the isotropic volumetric compaction of coal under burial–uplift cycles in the absence of tectonic stress. Special emphasis is placed on the corresponding permeability evolution of the coal strata. Our results show that the stress–strain path is exponential, approaching a linear relation in the logarithmic stress–strain space with the monotonic increase in stress. A similar behavior is found for the strain–permeability path in

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28

Zhang, Yang, Yongjie Yang, and Depeng Ma. "Mechanical Characteristics of Coal Samples under Triaxial Unloading Pressure with Different Test Paths." Shock and Vibration 2020 (August 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870821.

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In order to understand the influence of unloading path on the mechanical properties of coal, triaxial unloading confining pressure tests with different initial confining pressure and different unloading rate were carried out. The test results show that the triaxial unloading strength of coal samples under different test conditions is lower than conventional triaxial tests, but the brittleness characteristics are more obvious. This result indicates that the coal samples are easily damaged under unloading conditions. In the axial loading stage of the confinement unloading tests, the axial strain

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29

Yin, Pengfei, Shengqi Yang, Feng Gao, and Wenling Tian. "Experimental and DEM Simulation Study on the Mechanical Characteristic and Strain Energy Evolution of Longmaxi Shale under a Confining Pressure Unloading Path." Energies 16, no. 16 (2023): 5960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16165960.

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Drilling vertical and horizontal wellbores in the shale reservoir may trigger the in-situ stress release around the wellbore walls and change the original stress equilibrium state, leading the wellbores to instability. This stress change in the wellbore corresponds to the stress paths of confining pressure unloading and axial stress loading under laboratory conditions. In this paper, according to the conventional triaxial compression test results, laboratory experiments and DEM simulations by PFC2D were conducted to deeply study the strength, failure, strain energy evolution, and micro-crack d

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Amaratunga, A., and J. L. H. Grozic. "On the undrained unloading behaviour of gassy sands." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 11 (2009): 1267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-056.

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Soils that contain large amounts of dissolved gas within the pore fluid are called gassy soils. Gassy soils are common in marine environments and it is important to further our understanding of the unloading behaviour of gassy soils because of their potential to initiate and propagate submarine slope failures. This paper focuses on the pore-pressure responses and volumetric strains of loose gassy sands under different undrained unloading stress paths in laboratory specimens. Special attention was given to the constant deviatoric stress (q-constant) undrained unloading stress path as it simulat

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PAVLINA, E. J., B. S. LEVY, C. J. VAN TYNE, S. O. KWON, and Y. H. MOON. "THE UNLOADING MODULUS OF AKDQ STEEL AFTER UNIAXIAL AND NEAR PLANE-STRAIN PLASTIC DEFORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (2008): 6070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051595.

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Springback is a problem in the manufacture of a variety of automotive components. To determine springback, it is necessary to know the strength of the material after plastic deformation and the slope of the unloading curve (i.e. the unloading modulus). Prior investigations have shown that the unloading modulus for steels after plastic deformation has a slope that is lower than the normally accepted value for Young's modulus. Previous studies on the slope of the unloading curve were after uniaxial tensile plastic deformation. In the present study, the unloading modulus for an aluminum killed dr

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32

Setyo, Slamet Raharjo, Abdurachman Edi, Kadarisman Muh., Pahala Yosi, and Malisan Johny. "Evaluation of the Performance of the Operational Division on Customer Satisfaction at Pt. Harapan Bahtera Internusa Banjarmasin in 2021." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 12 (2023): 1850–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7542634.

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Evaluation of employee coordination and operational performance during productivity of coal loading and unloading equipment (Conveyer) are determining factors toward customer satisfaction. As such, there are necessary efforts to increase productivity of coal loading and unloading equipment (Conveyer). The research was conducted in PT. Harapan Bahtera Internusa Banjarmasin with sample amounting to 100 employees. Data was gathered through instrument in form with tested. Likert scale. . . The used. data. analysis. method. is. path. analysis. . First research result found that employee coordinatio

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33

Wang, Fakai, Xuelong Li, Bo Cui, Jian Hao, and Peng Chen. "Study on the Permeability Change Characteristic of Gas-Bearing Coal under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Path." Geofluids 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5562628.

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Using the self-developed three-axis servo fluid-solid coupling system with gas-solid coupling of gas-bearing coal, the variation law of the permeability of gas coal under the stress cycle loading and unloading path was studied. The qualitative and quantitative relationships between permeability, axial force, and radial stress of gas-bearing coals were established, and the variation law of permeability of gas-bearing coals was discussed. The results show that (1) different cyclic loading and unloading stress paths correspond to the permeability characteristics of different gas-bearing coals. (2

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Tsamasphyros, George J., and George S. Bikakis. "Analytical and Finite Element Modelling of Circular Glare Plates under Indentation Loading and Unloading." Advanced Composites Letters 20, no. 4 (2011): 096369351102000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351102000402.

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In this paper, analytical expressions are derived and a finite element modelling procedure is proposed in order to predict the static load-indentation curves of circular GLARE fibre-metal laminates during loading and unloading by a hemispherical indentor. Analytical formulas have been recently published for the static indentation of circular GLARE plates which are now used during the loading stage. Here, considering that aluminum layers are in a state of membrane yield and employing energy balance during unloading, the unloading path is determined. Using this unloading path, an algebraic equat

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35

Sutrisno, Ahmad, Suharto Abdul Majid, and David Lasse. "Kinerja Pasokan Batubara pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap Suralaya." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 6, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v6i2.286.

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The purpose of the research to know the effect of ship breasting methods and loading and unloading effectiveness on coal supply performance at PLTU UP Suralaya. The research used survey method. The sample is 118 ship crews who were taken randomly. Data analysis used in this study was descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of path analysis. The results of the research show: there is a positive and significant direct effect of ship breasting methods on coal supply performance; there is a positive and significant direct effect of loading and unloading effectiveness on coal supply perfo

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36

Syayuti, Faisyal, Muhammad Thamrin, Suharto Abdul Majid, Sarinah Sihombing, and Esti Liana. "Produktivitas Terminal dan Kinerja Operasional di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok." Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTRANSLOG) 10, no. 2 (2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/j.mtl.v10i2.1135.

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The study aims to find out the effect of loading and unloading workers’ performance and port facilities on the terminal productivity and the port operational’s performance in Tanjung Priok Port. The problems of the study are the low productivity of loading and unloading performance in the port, the lack of main facilities and supporting equipments could decrease the loading and unloading performance and unorganized service performance in the port. The research method used path analysis with Structural Equation Modeling using Smart PLS. The 152 samples were taken from Tanjung Priok Port service

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Liu, San Xing, and Hong Yuan. "Unloading Behavior Study on FRP-to-Concrete Interface." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.425.

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Bi-linear constitutive model is commonly used to study the bond-slip behaviors of the interface between FRP and concrete, unloading behavior is one of the most important problems that should be considered. The path of unloading is debatable, no specialized research achievement has been found so far. Based on simple shear test, the model with secant unloading is employed to study the unloading behavior of the interface between FRP and concrete in this paper, then governing equation about this behavior during the bond-slip process of the interface is derived. A closed form analytical solution ab

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Ng, Robert M. C., and K. Y. Lo. "The measurements of soil parameters relevant to tunnelling in clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 3 (1985): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-049.

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A comprehensive laboratory program was carried out on specimens trimmed from 152 mm diameter piston samples of a soft silty clay and a varved clay at a tunnel site in Thunder Bay. Results of conventional triaxial tests as well as special tests for the determination of anisotropic elastic parameters, simple shear tests, and stress path tests are presented.Results indicate that the unloading moduli are about twice the loading moduli, the Poisson's ratios in unloading are about three times those in loading, but the independent shear modulus is relatively unaffected. While the modulus is sensitive

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Qin, Tao, Yanwei Duan, Hongru Sun, Honglei Liu, and Lei Wang. "Energy Evolution and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandstone Specimens under Unloading Confining Pressure." Shock and Vibration 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1612576.

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The acoustic emission characteristics of rock specimens under different initial unloading confining pressures were tested to obtain the damage and rupture characteristics of the sandstone unloading confining pressure path. The CT scan and three-dimensional reconstruction of the fractured rock specimens were carried out to study the differences of energy evolution and acoustic emission characteristics during the failure of sandstone under different initial unloading pressures. The results show that the unloading confining pressure has a significant influence on the deformation and failure of th

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Han, Yang, Dengke Zhang, Zheng Zhou, et al. "Pre-Failure Deformation Response and Dilatancy Damage Characteristics of Beishan Granite Under Different Stress Paths." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1892. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061892.

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Different from general underground engineering, the micro-damage prior to failure of the surrounding rock has a significant influence on the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. However, the quantitative research on pre-failure dilatancy damage characteristics and stress path influence of hard brittle rocks under high stress levels is insufficient currently, and especially, the stress path under simultaneous unloading of axial and confining pressures is rarely discussed. Therefore, three representative mechanical experimental studies were conducted on the Beishan granite in the

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Li, Lu, Meng Zang, Rong-Tang Zhang, and Hai-Jun Lu. "Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Structured Clay under Different Stress Paths." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (July 8, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9266206.

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In geotechnical applications such as deep foundation excavation, slope cutting, and tunnel construction, the stress state of the soil subjected to loading or unloading will change and undergo different stress paths with corresponding changes in its mechanical properties. Therefore, a series of comprehensive laboratory tests were conducted on the natural strong structured clay to evaluate the effects of stress paths on the stress-strain, pore water pressure-strain, deformation characteristics, shear strength behaviors, and the microscopic mechanism of the natural strong structured clay. The res

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Zhang, Chaolin, Jiang Xu, Enyuan Wang, and Shoujian Peng. "Experimental Study on the Gas Flow Characteristics and Pressure Relief Gas Drainage Effect under Different Unloading Stress Paths." Geofluids 2020 (August 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8837962.

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Coal seam gas is a critical substance because it can be a source of a large quantity of clean energy as well as a dangerous source of risk. A pressure relief gas drainage is an effective and widely used method for coal seam gas recovery and gas disaster control in coal mines. A series of pressure relief gas drainage experiments were conducted using large-scale coal samples under different unloading stress paths in this study to explore the unloading stress paths. From the experimental results, the dynamic evolutions of gas pressure, coal temperature, and gas production were analyzed. The trend

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Zhao, Bao Yun, Dong Yan Liu, and Ke Shan Zhu. "Some Comments on “Unloading Rock Mechanics”." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.686.

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Conventional rock mechanics parameters are not derived directly from loading rock specimens in laboratory or in situ. Instead, they are determined by many different rock classification codes and criteria in different countries, and some of them such as RMR and Q systems are widely used in many countries. None of these codes and classification systems has considered the important factor of unloading of real excavated rock masses for engineering purposes until Professor Ha Qiulin proposed his new concept of unloading rock mechanics some two decades ago. Since rock masses are not a true CHILE con

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Zhang, Shu Chao, Shao Hui He, Pei Wang, and Lin Li. "Axial Unloading Test of Soil Based on the GDS Triaxial Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.407.

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Normal triaxial apparatus is suited to the loading stress path test, some stress path triaxial apparatus can be used to unload radial load smaller than the axial load, but it is difficult to unload axial load smaller than the radial load or even unload the axial load to zero. Using the iso-diameter headgear, different axial-radial unload ratio tests were done on the GDS triaxial apparatus, and the axial load was unloaded smaller than the radial load. During the test, it was found there are some deficiencies in the GDSLAB system. The results conformed to the characteristics of unloading test, w

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Drucker, D. C., and Devo Seereeram. "Remaining at Yield During Unloading and Other Unconventional Elastic-Plastic Response." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 1 (1987): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3172965.

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A rather special time-independent or elastic-plastic response is proposed in which, although there is elastic response to unloading, the material remains at yield for all or a significant portion of the unloading path following plastic deformation. In the most elementary form, the material exhibits no memory of prior plastic deformation; the current state of the material is given solely by the current state of stress. A simple but unconventional field of plastic moduli then can be chosen to produce a limit surface that cuts through a nested set of yield surfaces and to model critical aspects o

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Wang, Yalei, and Jinming Xu. "Particle Flow Analysis of Acoustic Emission Features of Rock under Rock Burst Stress Path." Geofluids 2022 (November 19, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6534034.

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The AE (acoustic emission) features could reflect the process of fracture initiation and propagation in rocks. Taking Lalin railway tunnel granite as an example, a three-dimensional particle flow numerical model of rock was established based on the PFC (particle flow code). The mechanical properties between particles were simulated using parallel bond. The rock burst stress path was simulated using the movement of the wall in the particle flow model. The results of uniaxial compression tests in a laboratory were used to calibrate the mesoscale mechanical parameters of the particle flow model.

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Xue, Yi, Faning Dang, Zhengzheng Cao, et al. "Deformation, Permeability and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Coal Masses under Mining-Induced Stress Paths." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092233.

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The geomechanical and seepage evolution characteristics of coal masses during mining are the key factors that affect the drainage of coalbed methane and the safety of coal mining. Nevertheless, the influence of mining paths on coal seam permeability is rarely investigated given the complexity of mining-induced stress experiments. To study the effect of mining-induced stress on coal mining, the mechanical properties, acoustic emission characteristics and energy evolution of coal masses were experimentally evaluated through mining-induced stress experiments. Experimental results indicated that a

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Ma, Fangfang. "Multimedia Urban Road Path Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (April 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7898871.

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In order to study multimedia urban road path optimization based on genetic algorithm, a dynamic path optimization based on genetic algorithm is proposed. Firstly, for the current situation of traffic congestion, time constraints are strictly considered based on the traditional hard time window logistics distribution vehicle scheduling problem model. Then, the mathematical model is established, and the optimal solution is solved by the combination of decomposition coordination algorithm and genetic algorithm. We divide multiple customers into different customer groups and determine the service

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Wang, Zhushuai, Yu Yang, Yu Xu, Changhao Xin, Pengfei Liang, and Ning Guo. "Analysis of Energy Evolution and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rocks under Cyclic Loading and Unloading." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (2023): 10453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810453.

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This paper presents two experimental schemes, graded cyclic loading and unloading, and variable lower limit cyclic loading and unloading, to investigate the energy evolution and acoustic emission characteristics of rocks under different cyclic loading and unloading paths. The experiments were conducted using a WAW-300B microcomputer-controlled hydraulic servo universal testing machine and an AMSY-6 acoustic emission testing instrument. The evolution characteristics of both the acoustic emission ring count and energy count during the loading process were monitored in real-time, and the energy e

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Dong, Ming Xiao, Meng Meng Lu, Rui Chuan Li, Jun Ru Tian, Ren Yu Luo, and Ming Shi Jiang. "Application of Vega Path Tool in Visual Simulation System for Bridge Cranes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1906.

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Aiming at the path sudden change and inconsistent turning of virtual vehicles in visual simulation system for bridge cranes, forklifts virtual paths are created by using path and navigator modules in Lynx interface based on the application principles of path and navigator in Vega software. Then, forklifts visual paths are edited to ensure the natural and fluent movements of forklifts by choosing spline navigator, setting smaller smoothing threshold and smaller spline tension parameters in Path Tool. Finally, combining working cycle requirements of loading and unloading goods for bridge cranes,

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