Academic literature on the topic 'Unmeasurable knowledge'
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Journal articles on the topic "Unmeasurable knowledge"
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Jiang, He, and Dongsheng Yang. "Output Consensus Regulation for State-Unmeasurable Discrete-Time Multiagent Systems with External Disturbances." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/158702.
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This paper deals with the output consensus regulation problem for discrete-time multiagent systems with state-unmeasurable agents and external disturbances under directed communication network topologies. Firstly, the mathematical model for the output consensus problem of discrete-time multiagent systems is deduced and formulated via making matrix transformation. Then, based on state observers, a novel output consensus protocol with dynamic compensator which is used as observer for the exosystem is proposed to solve this problem. Some knowledge of matrix theory and graph theory is introduced to design protocol parameters and the convergence of output consensus errors is proved. Finally, a numerical simulation example is shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed protocol design.
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Dunphy, Kim, John Smithies, Surajen Uppal, Holly Schauble, and Amy Stevenson. "Positing a schema of measurable outcomes of cultural engagement." Evaluation 26, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 474–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356389020952460.
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The cultural sector (arts, heritage and library agencies) receives increasing demands to articulate and evaluate outcomes of its work. These demands are challenging because of pervasive conceptions that the intangible nature of cultural activities makes them inherently unmeasurable, while their ‘intrinsic’ properties render them essentially valuable. This article addresses this challenge in positing a schema of measurable cultural outcomes of cultural engagement developed through literature analysis and an iterative Delphi-style stakeholder consultation. The outcomes are as follows: creativity stimulated; aesthetic enrichment experienced; knowledge, ideas or insight gained; diversity of cultural expression appreciated; and sense of belonging to cultural heritage deepened.
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Albers, David J., Matthew E. Levine, Andrew Stuart, Lena Mamykina, Bruce Gluckman, and George Hripcsak. "Mechanistic machine learning: how data assimilation leverages physiologic knowledge using Bayesian inference to forecast the future, infer the present, and phenotype." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy106.
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Abstract We introduce data assimilation as a computational method that uses machine learning to combine data with human knowledge in the form of mechanistic models in order to forecast future states, to impute missing data from the past by smoothing, and to infer measurable and unmeasurable quantities that represent clinically and scientifically important phenotypes. We demonstrate the advantages it affords in the context of type 2 diabetes by showing how data assimilation can be used to forecast future glucose values, to impute previously missing glucose values, and to infer type 2 diabetes phenotypes. At the heart of data assimilation is the mechanistic model, here an endocrine model. Such models can vary in complexity, contain testable hypotheses about important mechanics that govern the system (eg, nutrition’s effect on glucose), and, as such, constrain the model space, allowing for accurate estimation using very little data.
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McKenney, Cynthia, and Robert Terry. "The Effectiveness of a Workshop Model in Conveying Information on Xeriscaping." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 753E—753. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.753e.
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Workshops are one of the primary tools utilized to convey information to audiences with diverse backgrounds. Frequently, the results obtained are of mixed success or unmeasurable. In this project, the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored the development of a model workshop to promote the concept of water conservation through xeriscaping. Two workshops were conducted in Spring 1994. Slide presentations, audience discussion sessions, tours of an existing xeriscape, and the administration of pre- and post-workshop surveys were included in the model. Statistical analysis comparing the surveys determined the effectiveness of the model. The results indicated both the perception and the general knowledge about water conservation were significantly improved. Promotion by newspaper was the most-effective method of reaching the audience, while TV spots were the least effective method used. The model was successful in reaching a new audience which was characterized as being 45 years old, having less than 1 year of gardening experience, and possessing some college education.
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McIntyre, M., W. Dixon, D. Dawson, and E. Tatlicioglu. "Passive coordination of nonlinear bilateral teleoperated manipulators." Robotica 24, no. 4 (January 3, 2006): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470500247x.
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Significant research has been aimed at the development and control of teleoperator systems due to both the practical importance and the challenging theoretical nature of the problem. Two controllers are developed in this paper for a nonlinear teleoperator system that target coordination of the master and slave manipulators and passivity of the overall system. The first controller is proven to yield a semi-global asymptotic result in the presence of parametric uncertainty in the master and slave manipulator dynamic models. The second controller yields a global asymptotic result despite unmeasurable user and environmental input forces. To develop each controller, a transformation encodes the coordination and passivity objectives in the closed loop system. The coordinated system is forced to track a dynamic system to assist in meeting all control objectives. Finally, continuous nonlinear integral feedback terms are used to accommodate for incomplete system knowledge for both controllers. Lyapunov-based techniques are used to prove that all control objectives are met and that all signals are bounded.
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Xu, Chuanfang, Xiyou Chen, and Lin Wang. "Model-Independent Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for High-Speed Trains with Actuator Saturation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194146.
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This paper investigates the fault-tolerant tracking control problem of high-speed trains (HSTs) subject to unknown model parameters with unavailable uncertainties, unmeasurable additional disturbance, and unpredictable actuator faults constrained by actuator saturation. An adaptive passive fault-tolerant tracking control strategy based on variable-gain proportion-integral-derivative (PID)-type sliding mode surface is proposed to handle the problem. Unknown model parameters, gains of the PID-type sliding mode surface, and upper bounds of the lumped system uncertainty which includes additional disturbance, modeling uncertainties, and uncertainties resulting from actuator faults, are estimated online by adaptive technology. The input saturation (actuator output saturation) constraint is handled by introducing an auxiliary signal. The proposed controller can compensate for the effects of the lumped uncertainty and the actuator faults effectively. Moreover, the controller is model-independent, which means it requires no prior knowledge of model parameters and upper bounds of the lumped uncertainty, and does not depend upon fault detection and diagnosis module. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop train system is demonstrated by Lyapunov theory. Good fault-tolerant tracking capacity, effective anti-actuator saturation ability, and strong robustness of the proposed controller are verified via numerical simulation.
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Vargas, A., G. Soto, J. Moreno, and G. Buitrón. "Observer-based time-optimal control of an aerobic SBR for chemical and petrochemical wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0510.
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The present study implements a time-optimal control strategy for a discontinuous aerobic bioreactor, used to treat highly concentrated toxic wastewater present in some effluents of the chemical and petrochemical industries, using respirometric techniques. The control strategy regulates the feed rate to maintain a constant optimal substrate concentration in the reactor, which in turn minimizes the reaction time. Since this control requires on-line knowledge of unmeasurable variables, an Extended Kalman Filter is used as a nonlinear observer. The experimental setup was a 7 litre laboratory bioreactor used to treat synthetic wastewater with high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol. The controller consisted of a personal computer with data acquisition hardware and real-time software tools, peristaltic pumps and an electronic oxygen meter. Three experiments were performed: one to obtain parameters and calibrate the observer, another one to validate the time-optimal strategy and a final one to evaluate theperformance of a fully automated time-optimal operation. When well calibrated, the observer provided good enough estimates and the controller worked as expected, reducing reaction time and increasing the overall efficiency of the bioreactor, when compared with the usual SBR-type operation.
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Zhou, Linyi, and Shijun J. Zheng. "The Roles of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in Avian Response to Viral Infection and Pathogenesis of Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 21 (November 1, 2019): 5454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215454.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of various biological processes including cell development and differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, immunoregulation and viral infections. Avian immunosuppressive diseases refer to those avian diseases caused by pathogens that target and damage the immune organs or cells of the host, increasing susceptibility to other microbial infections and the risk of failure in subsequent vaccination against other diseases. As such, once a disease with an immunosuppressive feature occurs in flocks, it would be difficult for the stakeholders to have an optimal economic income. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian leukemia (AL), Marek’s disease (MD), chicken infectious anemia (CIA), reticuloendotheliosis (RE) and avian reovirus infection are on the top list of commonly-seen avian diseases with a feature of immunosuppression, posing an unmeasurable threat to the poultry industry across the globe. Understanding the pathogenesis of avian immunosuppressive disease is the basis for disease prevention and control. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in host response to pathogenic infections in chickens, including regulation of immunity, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation and viral replication. Here we summarize current knowledge on the roles of miRNAs in avian response to viral infection and pathogenesis of avian immunosuppressive diseases, in particular, MD, AL, IBD and RE.
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Juul, Anders, Kirsten Holm, Knud W. Kastrup, Søren A. Pedersen, Kim Fleischer Michaelsen, Thomas Scheike, Susanne Rasmussen, Jørn Müller, and Niels E. Skakkebæk. "Free Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Serum Levels in 1430 Healthy Children and Adults, and Its Diagnostic Value in Patients Suspected of Growth Hormone Deficiency1." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 2497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.8.4137.
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Serum levels of total insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) reflect endogenous GH secretion in healthy children, which makes them good diagnostic markers for screening of GH deficiency (GHD) in short children, although some controversy still exists. Only a minor fraction of the total IGF-I circulates in its free form, which is believed to be the biologically active form. However, our knowledge of the clinical or physiological value of determination of free IGF-I in serum is limited at present. In adults, the diagnostic value of total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 determinations in patients suspected of GHD has only been reported in a few studies, whereas no previous reports on the diagnostic value of free IGF-I levels in adults suspected of GHD exist. Serum levels of free IGF-I were determined in 1430 healthy children, adolescents, and adults by a newly developed, commercially available immunoradiometric assay (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories) to establish valid normative data for this analysis. We studied the diagnostic value of free IGF-I in relation to total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 determinations in adults who were suspected of GHD. A GH provocative test, using oral clonidine, was performed in 108 adult patients who had previously been treated with GH in childhood. In healthy subjects, free IGF-I levels increased during childhood, with the highest mean values during puberty. After puberty, a subsequent decline in serum levels of free IGF-I was apparent. We found unmeasurable free IGF-I values in 34 of the prepubertal children (3.3%). All individuals over 8 yr of age had measurable free IGF-I levels that amounted to approximately 1% of the total IGF-I concentrations. Free IGF-I levels were below −2 sd in 56 of 79 GHD patients (sensitivity, 71%) and above −2 sd in 24 of 29 patients with a normal GH response (specificity, 83%). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that free IGF-I was significantly dependent on peak GH levels, duration of the disease, and number of other pituitary axes affected. We conclude that free IGF-I serum levels increase during childhood with a peak in puberty, whereafter free IGF-I levels return to prepubertal levels. Three percent of healthy prepubertal children had unmeasurable free IGF-I levels using this assay. We found that determination of the free IGF-I serum concentration may predict the outcome of a GH provocative test in adults suspected of GHD, but that a single determination of free IGF-I offered no significant advantage compared to determination of total IGF-I or IGFBP-3 serum levels.
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Oehlmann, J., and U. Schulte-Oehlmann. "Endocrine disruption in invertebrates." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112207.
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Recent reports have shown that a number of xenobiotics in the environment are capable of interfering with the normal endocrine function in a variety of animals. The overwhelming majority of the studies on the effects of hormone-mimetic industrial chemicals were focused on findings in vertebrates. More detailed information about the effects on and mechanisms of action in invertebrates has only been obtained from a few cases, although invertebrates represent more than 95 % of the known species in the animal kingdom and are extremely important with regard to ecosystem structure and function. The limited number of examples for endocrine disruption (ED) in invertebrates is partially due to the fact that their hormonal systems are rather poorly understood in comparison with vertebrates. Deleterious endocrine changes following an exposure to certain compounds may easily be missed or simply be unmeasurable at present, even though a number of studies show that endocrine disruption has probably occurred. The well-documented case studies of tributyltin effects in mollusks and of insect growth regulators, the latter as purposely synthesized endocrine disruptors, are explained to support this view. According to our present knowledge, there is no reason to suppose that such far-reaching changes are in any sense unique. The additional existing evidence for ED in invertebrates from laboratory and field studies are summarized as an update and amendment of the EDIETA report from 1998. Finally, conclusions about the scale and implications of the observed effects are drawn and further research needs are defined.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unmeasurable knowledge"
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Callert, Robin, and Kevin Husén. "Pedagogers uppfattning om barns samtal på fritidshem : En fenomenologisk studie." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32504.
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Detta är en studie som utforskar fritidspedagogers uppfattning om samtal med barn i deras verksamhet. Vår utgångspunkt var sokratiska och filosofiska samtal som vi stötte på under en kurs i ”barns existentiella frågor”. Vi blev då nyfikna över hur detta såg ut i verkligheten, om det fanns överhuvudtaget. Vi använder oss av ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv kombinerat med kunskapsbegrepp från Aristoteles för att få goda verktyg i en analys utifrån kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi använder även Skolinspektionens kvalitetsgranskning av fritidshemmen från 2010 för att få ett bollplank att jämföra de mönster vi hittat och de mönster de identifierat. I arbetet kom vi fram till att pedagoger ofta strävar efter mål som de inte alltid kan uppnå av olika orsaker samt att de i samtal med elever vill ha det resultat som ett Sokratiskt eller filosofiska samtal har möjlighet att bidra till. Dock upptäckte vi att man genom samtal försöker lära elever praktisk klokhet men med samma metoder man använder för att lära ut teoretisk kunskap.In this study, we will be exploring the extended school teacher’s perception of dialogue with children in their work environment. The starting point for this study happened when we encountered Philosophical and Socratic dialogues as a didactic tool in our course “the child's existential questions”. This sparked our interest, trying to figure out how these would look like in the real world, if they were present at all. This study is using a phenomenological perspective, combined with Aristotle's theory of knowledge with the purpose of giving us the tools required for analyzing our qualitative interviews. We will also be using a report from Skolinspektionen regarding the quality of extended school teacher’s work environment from 2010 with the purpose of comparing the results we find in our study against the results they identified. The results of this study concluded that pedagogues often strive for goals that may be difficult to reach, for a couple of different reasons. Also in their dialogues with children they strive for results that philosophical and Socratic dialogues can contribute to. We also learned that the extended school teachers try to teach practical wisdom but with the tools of teaching theoretical knowledge.
Conference papers on the topic "Unmeasurable knowledge"
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Console, Marco, Matthias Hofer, and Leonid Libkin. "Reasoning about Measures of Unmeasurable Sets." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/27.
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In a variety of reasoning tasks, one estimates the likelihood of events by means of volumes of sets they define. Such sets need to be measurable, which is usually achieved by putting bounds, sometimes ad hoc, on them. We address the question how unbounded or unmeasurable sets can be measured nonetheless. Intuitively, we want to know how likely a randomly chosen point is to be in a given set, even in the absence of a uniform distribution over the entire space. To address this, we follow a recently proposed approach of taking intersection of a set with balls of increasing radius, and defining the measure by means of the asymptotic behavior of the proportion of such balls taken by the set. We show that this approach works for every set definable in first-order logic with the usual arithmetic over the reals (addition, multiplication, exponentiation, etc.), and every uniform measure over the space, of which the usual Lebesgue measure (area, volume, etc.) is an example. In fact we establish a correspondence between the good asymptotic behavior and the finiteness of the VC dimension of definable families of sets. Towards computing the measure thus defined, we show how to avoid the asymptotics and characterize it via a specific subset of the unit sphere. Using definability of this set, and known techniques for sampling from the unit sphere, we give two algorithms for estimating our measure of unbounded unmeasurable sets, with deterministic and probabilistic guarantees, the latter being more efficient. Finally we show that a discrete analog of this measure exists and is similarly well-behaved.
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Wilkin, Tim, Yakov Frayman, and Bernard Rolfe. "Adaptive Control of the Closed Loop Behaviour of Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95444.
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An open problem in manufacturing control is the design of controllers with guaranteed closed loop performance on plants subject to unmeasurable disturbances and changing dynamics. Existing methods for Adaptive Control of these plants typically rely on system identification techniques, which lead to a multi-objective optimisation task that offers no explicit guarantee regarding the stability of the closed loop system or the quality of its output. Robust Control design guarantees stability in the presence of unmeasured disturbances, although at the expense of sub-optimal control performance. We propose a control architecture and methodology for online adaptation of the process behavior that does not require explicit identification of the plant or disturbance dynamics. An arbitrary function approximator is used for control of the plant and the closed loop behaviour of this coupled system is adapted to that of a generic performance target. No exogenous signal is required for excitation of the adaptation, which instead used the inherent variability in the plant output. The use of a closed loop performance target for adaptation is practical, simple to implement and does not require a knowledge of either the plant dynamics or the disturbances acting on the process, since the controller is only concerned with maintaining transient process behavior within acceptable bounds. The resulting controller is capable of achieving a specified closed loop performance in the presence of unmeasurable, bounded disturbances, making the proposed scheme a viable candidate for disturbance rejection tasks.
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Chatlatanagulchai, Withit, and Peter H. Meckl. "Observer Backstepping Neuro-Fuzzy Control Design for a Type of Nonlinear System." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61289.
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This paper presents a control system design for a type of time-varying nonlinear system. The control system comprises neuro-fuzzy system identifier, Luenberger observer, backstepping controller and variable structure controller. We use adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to identify the plant in real time without the need of underlying mathematical model. However, some knowledge about the plant structure and upper bounds is required. With the use of observer, the control system can be designed from plant output and input alone while plant states are assumed unmeasurable. Controller is designed based on backstepping scheme and uncertainties from the plant identification and state estimation processes are handled by variable structure controller. Under some important assumptions, the control system is proved to be able to track a smooth desired trajectory with uniformly ultimately bounded tracking error. A simulation based on one-link flexible-joint robot manipulator is provided.
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Litt, Jonathan S. "An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68808.
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A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs such as thrust. The engine’s performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends upon knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined which accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters’ ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics.