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EL-SHORBAGY, Abdel-Moniem. "Unplanned Settlements in Saudi Arabia. The Case of Al-Sabeel District, Jeddah." Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 11, no. 2 (2020): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2020.2.03.
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"Unplanned settlements represent a twentieth-century phenomenon that has been steadily growing on the periphery of almost all cities in the world. These areas are usually overpopulated and characterized by inadequate housing, unpleasant living conditions. Jeddah, a second major city in Saudi Arabia, consists of many unplanned settlements and slums, which affect the future development of its urban and social fabric. This paper intends to explore some essential issues relating to the issues of unplanned settlements in Jeddah through the study, analysis, and assessment of the built environment of Al-Sabeel district, one of the oldest districts in Jeddah. The main objective of this research is to investigate the major physical problems of the deteriorated areas of the district. Thus, the primary purpose is to define a set of recommendations for the upgrading of future unplanned settlements, which will help these informal areas to improve and gradually integrate into the existing urban fabric of the city. Regarding methodology, a qualitative research approach was adopted, which included a literature review, a face-to-face interviews, and field visits to document the physical condition of the built environment of the district. The outcome of the study represents a set of recommendations that indicate the importance of community participation approach as a means of improving the physical condition of the urban environment of Al-Sabeel district."
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Raslan, M., Ms Floyd, S. Itam, R. Mukherjee, Pp Irwin, and Sb Maddineni. "Unplanned urology readmissions in a district general hospital: are we meeting the standard?" Journal of Clinical Urology 6, no. 5 (September 2013): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415813487333.
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Aderet-German, Tali, and Adam Lefstein. "Reform ripples: The role of recontextualization in scaling up." education policy analysis archives 29 (January 25, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5664.
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This paper explores how educational interventions impact the districts they are implemented in above and beyond their intended outcomes. We argue that such unplanned “ripple effects”, in which program elements are recontextualized into other settings, are an important aspect of bringing educational interventions to scale. We analyze these phenomena in one Israeli district in which a teacher leadership and professional learning community initiative has been implemented and rapidly scaled up over the past five years. Extensive longitudinal ethnographic data were collected, including participant-observation in schools, professional development workshops, district management meetings and initiative-related events; 75 interviews with teachers and school and district management; and multiple informal conversations. We identify “ripples” in four arenas, and discuss the importance of individuals as mechanisms for transferring ideas across contexts, the role of ripples in advancing the initiative’s ethos, and the ripples’ long-term sustainability. Our findings suggest more attention should be paid to the impact of educational reforms on meaningful change beyond their original aims and settings. Alongside possible affordances these ripple effects have in the scaling up process, careful consideration should be given to their latent disadvantages, such as obscuring the program’s primary agenda.
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Boz, Burak, Egemen Aras, and Babak Vaheddoost. "The Flood Analysis of Karadere Stream in the Mustafakemalpaşa District of Bursa Province and Determination of Its Effect on the Sünlük District Settlement." Academic Perspective Procedia 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.03.02.24.
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Floods shows an increase both in number and in terms of damages they cause in tropical climates as well as in Turkey which is not located in tropical region. With the increasing population density and unplanned urbanization, life and property losses become inevitable as a result of these floods. In this study, the flood analysis of the section between the beginning and the end of the Sünlük District settlement located on the border of Karadere Stream in the Mustafakemalpaşa District of Bursa Province was assessed. The planning works of the Sünlük Dam on the Karadere Stream, which is intended to provide drinking water and industrial water to the Mustafakemalpaşa and Karacabey Districts of Bursa Province, are continuing by the 1st Regional Directorate of State Hydraulic Works of Turkey (DSI). Flood areas were determined with the help of the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Centers River Analysis System) software and applying the Q1000, Q10000 and QMMF (probable maximum flood) flood return period flow rates at the Karadere Stream which obtained from the dam planning studies. It was concluded that the damage caused by QMMF can reach up to 1000000 TL once flood occur.
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Wang, James Jixian, and Jiang Xu. "An unplanned commercial district in a fast-growing city: a case study of Shenzhen, China." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 9, no. 6 (November 2002): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6989(02)00002-4.
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Esmail, Shakirah, and Jason Corburn. "Struggles to remain in Kigali’s “unplanned” settlements: the case of Bannyahe." Environment and Urbanization 32, no. 1 (November 22, 2019): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247819886229.
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Examining the precarious status of informal settlements in Kigali at a time of large-scale planning-induced expropriation, this article considers urban contestation in the context of the city’s changing spatial-legal regime. We analyse the case of one informal settlement’s expropriation and relocation – the settlement of Bannyahe – and the contestation that has ensued as resident property owners take the District of Gasabo to court. Through interviews with settlement residents, we follow the fates of these displaced urban citizens and consider their struggles to remain in their homes. Finally, we suggest that such contestation over legal procedural regularity and negotiation over property valuation at the neighbourhood level forms the limit of overt opposition to the city’s masterplan. Terming these limits to contestation “silent boundaries” that circumscribe contestation for property owners in the Bannyahe settlement, we offer perspectives on contestation and compromise amidst urban socio-spatial reordering in the “new Kigali”.
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Yeşil, Murat, and Pervin Yeşil. "Ordu Kenti Çocuk Oyun Alanlarının Ulaşılabilirlik Açısından İncelenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i9.1024-1030.1280.
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Children's playgrounds which are safe and quiet environments that children can play there have started to become rare as a result of rapid urbanization. Because, the studies have shown that unplanned and distorted urban spaces affect children's behaviours, attitudes and reactions in a bad way. In this study, the availability of children's playgrounds in 22 districts of the city centre of Ordu was investigated. In this context, firstly, children's play areas were determined based on the neighbourhood scale and then area calculations were made and the amount of play area by per child between 0-14 years was calculated in each district. In the second stage, accessibility maps for children's playgrounds were obtained by determining the availability of the playgrounds at 200m distance. The results of this study showed that children's playgrounds are not balanced in the city, increased in some districts, in some cases they are not within reachability limits and can not meet their needs.
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Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Astrid Alvik, Narbada Thapa, Suresh Mehata, Tara Roka, Pushpa Thapa, Pragya Pandey, and Babill Stray-Pedersen. "Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant Women and Mothers of Children Under one Year in Sindupalchowk District, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20310.
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Background: Common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression among mothers of young children and expectants can silently deteriorate the health of the mother with significant impact on the newborn. The primary aims were to determine the proportion of pregnant women and mothers of children under one year with anxiety and depression and their associated factors in Sindhupalchowk.Methods: We used the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 and a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional study to collect information from 778 women (164 pregnant women, 614 mothers of children under one year) selected through multi-stage sampling. Results: Among pregnant women, the study found that 21.3% (95%CI:15.7–28.3) had anxiety and 23.8% (95%CI:17.8–31.0) had depression. Being from the Dalit ethnic group was independently associated with anxiety and depression. Among mothers of children under one year, 18.7% (95%CI:15.7–22.1) had anxiety and 15.2% (95%CI:12.4–18.4) had depression. Among these women, low education level; primary source of family income being agriculture, animal husbandry or labour; history of unplanned pregnancy; and use of tobacco were independently associated with anxiety and history of unplanned pregnancy and use of tobacco were independently associated with depression.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of women had anxiety and depression with higher odds of anxiety and depression in certain group of women. Targeted health system interventions are needed for improving the psychological well being of women, including pregnant women, as well as newborn health and wellbeing.
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Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Astrid Alvik, Narbada Thapa, Suresh Mehata, Tara Roka, Pushpa Thapa, Pragya Pandey, and Babill Stray Pedersen. "Anxiety and Depression among Pregnant Women and Mothers of Children Under one Year in Sindupalchowk District." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i2.1219.
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Background: Common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression among mothers of young children and expectants can silently deteriorate the health of the mother with significant impact on the newborn. The primary aims were to determine the proportion of pregnant women and mothers of children under one year with anxiety and depression and their associated factors in Sindhupalchowk.Methods: We used the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 and a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional study to collect information from 778 women (164 pregnant women, 614 mothers of children under one year) selected through multi-stage sampling. Results: Among pregnant women, the study found that 21.3%(95%CI:15.7–28.3) had anxiety and 23.8% (95%CI:17.8–31.0) had depression. Being from the Dalit ethnic group was independently associated with anxiety and depression. Among mothers of children under one year, 18.7% (95%CI:15.7–22.1) had anxiety and 15.2% (95%CI:12.4–18.4) had depression. Among these women, low education level; primary source of family income being agriculture, animal husbandry or labour; history of unplanned pregnancy; and use of tobacco were independently associated with anxiety and history of unplanned pregnancy and use of tobacco were independently associated with depression.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of women had anxiety and depression with higher odds of anxiety and depression in certain group of women. Targeted health system interventions are needed for improving the psychological well being of women, including pregnant women, as well as newborn health and wellbeing.Keywords: Anxiety; depression; mothers of children under one year; Nepal; pregnant women.
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Epson, Erin E., Yenlik A. Zheteyeva, Jeanette J. Rainey, Hongjiang Gao, Jianrong Shi, Amra Uzicanin, and Lisa Miller. "Evaluation of an Unplanned School Closure in a Colorado School District: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 1 (February 2015): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.3.
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AbstractObjectiveFrom January 29 through February 5, 2013, a school district outside metropolitan Denver, Colorado, was closed because of absenteeism related to influenza-like illness (ILI) among students and staff. We evaluated the consequences and acceptability of the closure among affected households.MethodsWe conducted a household survey regarding parent or guardian employment and income interruptions, alternative child care arrangements, interruption of noneducational school services, ILI symptoms, student re-congregation, and communication preferences during the closure.ResultsOf the 35 (31%) of 113 households surveyed, the majority (28 [80%]) reported that the closure was not challenging. Seven (20%) households reported challenges: 5 (14%) reported that 1 or more adults missed work, 3 (9%) reported lost pay, and 1 (3%) reported challenges because of missed subsidized school meals. The majority (22 [63%]) of households reported that a hypothetical 1-month closure would not represent a problem; 6 of 8 households that did anticipate challenges reported that all adults worked outside the home. The majority (58%) of students visited at least 1 outside venue during the closure.ConclusionsA brief school closure did not pose a major problem for the majority of the affected households surveyed. School and public health officials should consider the needs of families in which all adults work outside the home when creating school closure contingency plans. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:4-8)
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Hidayat, Ivany, and Wahyuni Zahrah. "Medan The Vertical Village Design In Kelurahan Aur (With Ecology Architecture Design Approach)." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v1i1.257.
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Kampung Aur is one of the densely populated settlements located in Medan City Center. This village is located on the banks of the River Deli, District Mimoon Medan, Neighborhood IV. Kampung Aur is a place for the lower middle-class urban community that provides a place for unplanned settlements. This village has the potential to be reorganized while maintaining the traditions of the people. The approach used for the design of this village is Ecological architecture, where the building uses a natural building system, wastewater treatment, and rainwater utilization.
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Moderbacher, Christine. "“Nothing Is Expensive, Everything Cheap, Nothing Explosive!”." Migration and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030127.
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More than a year aft er the Brussels district Molenbeek came to international attention as “ISIS’s European capital,” an unplanned encounter during a visit at my former field site leads to a conversation about the struggles and concerns that people are facing in this much-talked-about place. The discussion on a small restaurant terrace wanders off into disappointments and adjustments during research and life and is marked by a shared feeling of uncertainty that mirrors the atmosphere of a city that has seldom been portrayed beyond ephemeral media descriptions.
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Onohaebi, S. O., and S. T. Apeh. "Electricity Network Planning: The Key to Efficient and Reliable Power Supply to Consumers." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.172.
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This paper focuses on the need and procedure for the planning of electrical engineering infrastructure for any district/community in order to enhance reliability and efficiency of power supply to consumers. Almost all the towns/cities in Nigeria are unplanned and this has resulted in haphazard approach to Electricity Network Planning and implementation. A detailed theory, methodology and technical considerations, in compliance with both National and International standards are discussed in this paper. A proposed University campus was used to demonstrate the procedures involved in electricity network planning in order to achieve an efficient power supply. This involves the electric power supply, design concepts, load estimates and analysis, network distribution/equipment and sizing of cables and electrical panels taking into account the various modes of distribution. This paper also drew a simple analogy between Benin City and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, to illustrate the objective of the paper while highlighting the merits associated with planned electrical engineering infrastructure and suggested the ways to remedy the unplanned networks in Nigeria.
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Dixon, S., and LF Horgan. "The elusive spleen." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 101, no. 3 (March 2019): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2018.0215.
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Introduction The aim of this study was to review the experience of general surgeons performing splenectomy in a district general hospital. The outcomes are discussed together with potential reasons for the increasing rarity of the procedure. Methods A retrospective cohort study was carried out of all patients undergoing splenectomy (as identified by a single trust pathology department on receipt of splenic samples) between 1 January 2000 and 1 May 2017. Case notes and computer systems were interrogated for data on operating surgeon, patient demographics, diagnosis, surgical approach (laparoscopic/open/converted to open), critical care admission and 30-day mortality. Results During the study period, 170 consecutive splenectomies were undertaken by 24 different operating surgeons. There were on average 5.8 planned and 4.2 unplanned splenectomies per year. The 30-day mortality rate for all splenectomies was 8.8%, with an elective 30-day mortality rate of 2.0%. Only 3 of the current consultant surgeons had undertaken more than 6 cases over the 17-year study period. Some senior consultants had not performed any splenectomies (either planned or unplanned) during the 17-year study period. Conclusions Splenectomy is required ever more rarely and experience as a district general hospital consultant is limited. Possible reasons for this include improvements in medical management of haematological diseases, the increasing use of conservative and radiological management for traumatic splenic injury, and a reduction in trauma cases and diversion of such cases to major trauma centres. Trainees and consultants must seek experience during specialty training or via cadaveric training in order to demonstrate competence.
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Adamiak, Grazyna Teresa, and Ingvar Karlberg. "Impact of physician training level on emergency readmission within internal medicine." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 20, no. 4 (November 2004): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462304001448.
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Objectives: The research question was whether training level of admitting physicians and referrals from practitioners in primary health care (PHC) are risk factors for emergency readmission within 30 days to internal medicine.Methods: This report is a prospective multicenter study carried out during 1 month in 1997 in seven departments of internal medicine in the County of Stockholm, Sweden. Two of the units were at university hospitals, three at county hospitals and two in district hospitals. The study area is metropolitan–suburban with 1,762,924 residents. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: A total of 5,131 admissions, thereby 408 unplanned readmissions (8 percent) were registered (69.8 percent of 7,348 true inpatient episodes). The risk of emergency readmission increased with patient's age and independently 1.40 times (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.74) when residents decided on hospitalization. Congestive heart failure as primary or comorbid condition was the main reason for unplanned readmission. Referrals from PHC were associated with risk decrease (odds ratio, 0.53; 95 percent CI, 0.38–0.73).Conclusion: The causes of unplanned hospital readmissions are mixed. Patient contact with primary health care appears to reduce the recurrence. In addition to the diagnoses of cardiac failure, training level of admitting physicians in emergency departments was an independent risk factor for early readmission. Our conclusion is that it is cost-effective to have all decisions on admission to hospital care confirmed by senior doctors. Inappropriate selection of patients to inpatient care contributes to poor patient outcomes and reduces cost-effectiveness and quality of care.
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Baig, Saranjam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, and Salma Bano. "Rural Tourism, Income and Rapid Urbanization: Exploring the Nexus Using A MultiDisciplinary Approach for Hunza, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss4.2019.344.
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Serving the purpose of an early warning, this paper provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of how thechanging dynamics of tourist arrivals can lead to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The improvements in infrastructureand communication systems under the aegis of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Gilgit-Baltistan have ledto exponential increase in tourists arrival in recent years. Does this increase lead to increase in incomes and spurring anunplanned and rapid urbanization? Hunza district is taken as a case study on the basis of evidence suggesting thataround 70 percent of total tourists Gilgit-Baltistan. To explore the relationship between tourists arrival and rapidurbanization, three types of data were used: survey data collected via questionnaires, secondary data from governmentsources, and Google images, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 from remotely sensed data. Using cross-tabulations, this studysuggests that tourists arrival led to increase in incomes, which were then spent on building commercial infrastructure.To cross check these results, land use land change study using GIS mapping was conducted for the last ten yearsperiod. It shows that rapid and unplanned urbanization has profound social and environmental implications for Hunza,if not managed properly and timely.
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Baig, Saranjam, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, and Salma Bano. "Rural Tourism, Income and Rapid Urbanization: Exploring the Nexus Using A MultiDisciplinary Approach for Hunza, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i4.344.
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Serving the purpose of an early warning, this paper provides a multi-disciplinary analysis of how thechanging dynamics of tourist arrivals can lead to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The improvements in infrastructureand communication systems under the aegis of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Gilgit-Baltistan have ledto exponential increase in tourists arrival in recent years. Does this increase lead to increase in incomes and spurring anunplanned and rapid urbanization? Hunza district is taken as a case study on the basis of evidence suggesting thataround 70 percent of total tourists Gilgit-Baltistan. To explore the relationship between tourists arrival and rapidurbanization, three types of data were used: survey data collected via questionnaires, secondary data from governmentsources, and Google images, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 from remotely sensed data. Using cross-tabulations, this studysuggests that tourists arrival led to increase in incomes, which were then spent on building commercial infrastructure.To cross check these results, land use land change study using GIS mapping was conducted for the last ten yearsperiod. It shows that rapid and unplanned urbanization has profound social and environmental implications for Hunza,if not managed properly and timely.
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Kaleel, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed. "Land Degradation Analysis on Coastal Area of Ampara District." International Letters of Natural Sciences 53 (April 2016): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.53.80.
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The island of Sri Lanka is free from serious natural hazards such as volcanic activity and earthquakes resulting from climatic extremes, but there are impacts of many natural disasters, such as landslides, floods and droughts, the intensity and frequency of which are increasing due to human interventions. Some areas of Sri Lanka are also periodically subject to cyclones that occur due to climatic conditions and geographical locations. Land degradation denotes all natural or anthropogenic processes that diminish or impair productivity of land. This occurs mainly through soil erosion, loss of organic matter and nutrients in the soil; salinization and large scale land degradation in Sri Lanka. Its manifestations today are heavy loss of soil, siltation in the water bodies, reservoirs and coastal waters, unplanned settlements, loss of arable land leading to declining productivity in agricultural lands and intensification of impacts of natural hazards such as flooding and landslides. Land degradation is a major problem in Eastern Coastal Area from Kalmunai MC, Karaitivu and Nintavur Divisional Secretariat Divisions (DSDs) of Ampara District. However, there is a considerable spatial heterogeneity exists within this area in terms of land use, topography, land management and socio-economic conditions. Therefore, land degradation assessment studies are very important for the sustainable development of the area. Considering the above background, this study was conducted with the objectives of developing a land degradation assessment model using a GIS based approach.
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Belhaj, Omar S., and Stanley T. Mubako. "Land Use Land Cover Change and Urban Growth in Khoms District, Libya, 1976−2015." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020040103.
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Rapid and unplanned urbanization presents a formidable challenge to sustainable urban growth in most developing countries. This study applies Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing tools to quantify land use and land cover change in the coastal, economically important district of Khoms, Libya. The study revealed a 16% per year long-term historic urban growth rate, leading to an urbanization increase of 658% from just 800 ha in 1976 to 6,067 ha in 2015 over the 40-year analysis period. Qualitative evaluation of satellite images showed devastating impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems through broad scale clearing of forests and other native areas for agriculture and urban development, and through reclamation of the Mediterranean Sea during the construction of a naval base and port at Khoms City. An integrated approach that explores of a range of innovative approaches to address sustainable development issues faced by Khoms District and other similar fast growing but environmentally fragile developing country locations is recommended.
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Chuadhary, Abida Kausar. "Irrigation Sector Development: Agro- Economic transformation and Social change in Colonial District Multan (1849-1901)." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iii).40.
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The aim of this research is to analyze the historical process of continuity and change that led to the socio-economic transformation associated with irrigation sector development in nineteenth-century Multan, thus supplying a missing piece in South Asian Regional economic history and it became unplanned revolution and modernization as happened with colonial Multan. The introduction of the perennial canal system and the commercialization of agricultural crops provided a real opportunity for the economic development of this region. What were the socio-cultural impacts of regional economic policies, and how it penetrates as processes of continuity and change? This research derives its frame of reference by mixing historical, qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The selected data is analyzed from a dialectical rationale approach to critical discourse. This research is based on original, unpublished official reports from British Indian Library London, Punjab Civil Secretariat Lahore.
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Sharma, Kiran. "Gender Dimensions of Poverty and Food Security: A Case Study of Palamu District of Jharkhand." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556118822027.
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A wide regional and inter-district disparity exists in the state of Jharkhand. The rankings of its districts on indicators of development reveal that those located in the north-western parts of Jharkhand including Palamu and its north-eastern parts are less developed compared to the ones falling in the central and western parts of the state (Planning-cum-Finance Department, 2017, Jharkhand Economic Survey 2016–17, Ranchi: Government of Jharkhand). Jharkhand is one of the most poverty-stricken states of India with a sharp contrast between rural and urban poverty. Studies often show that the process of liberalisation and economic reforms in India has a mixed impact on a mineral rich state like Jharkhand. The well-known phenomenon of ‘resource curse’ is particularly observed in the case of Jharkhand where manufacturing sector growth is increasing but the state is lagging behind in terms of human development indicators. The political instability and unplanned exploitation of its mineral wealth without benefiting the tribal population clearly indicate that the state suffers from the deficit of governance and development. It is in this context that this article analyses the patterns of poverty and food security among tribals and other social groups in seven villages of Manatu block under Palamu district of Jharkhand from a gender perspective. The article also explores the factors influencing the dynamics of household food security in Palamu district through empirical findings. It examines how the poor rural/tribal communities cope with food insecurity through case studies. Finally, the article critically analyses the implementation of social policies in addressing food security problem of Jharkhand.
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Calza, Francesco, Marco Ferretti, Marcello Risitano, and Annarita Sorrentino. "Analysing customer experience in heritage tourism: Empirical evidence from an Italian cultural district." MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 3 (September 2019): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc3-2019oa8503.
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Despite the multitude and richness of works on tourism experience, few studies have analysed the experiential approach and its key effects in cultural district context.The purpose of this paper is to provide an exploratory investigation of the magnitude of the experiential approach in the specific area of cultural district tourism as a contribution to the scarce and preliminary literature on this topic.To achieve this aim, a structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis is applied to a sample of 400 tourists at San Gregorio Armeno (Naples, Italy) to test the relationships among visitor experience, tourist satisfaction, memorable experience and behavioural intentions. The selected cultural district is an agglomeration of local firms embedded with the aim of producing hand-crafted goods (by respecting traditions, history and the local community), thereby driving unplanned heritage tourismdevelopment based on the visit experience delivered to customers.The findings of this empirical study show positive relationships among the constructs and interesting moderating effects of the variables (i.e., gender and past experience).Based on these results, the main contributions to theory are explained, managerial implications (for local firms and policy makers) and future research directions are suggested.
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McCarthy, Carol Rohrer. "Assimilating the Talent Search Model into the School Day." Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 9, no. 3 (February 1998): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932202x9800900304.
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Programs for talent search students traditionally are offered to students outside of their school setting. This paper discusses a multi-district/higher education collaborative model that incorporates the three components of the talent search model within the school-year schedule. In this community effort, the focus of the talent search's summer programs—content acceleration and fast-paced instruction—have been assimilated into the students' regular school day. In 180 hours of instruction scheduled over two school years, middle school students complete four years of high school mathematics; with a similar program for writing/literature, many expository writing students earn favorable AP English composition scores. The community's experience with content acceleration created byproducts of parent advocacy networks and district policies on granting high school credit. Key elements for a successful model are discussed, as well as unplanned, but related outcomes that occurred. The relationship of content acceleration to the state's dual enrollment legislation is identified.
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Sriwahyuni, Susy, Eka Santika, Khairunnas Khairunnas, Ishalyadi Ishalyadi, and Muhammad Iqbal Fahlevi. "The Effect of Work Situation and Unsafety Action on Work Accident in PT. Raja Marga Nagan Raya District." J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Health) 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/j-kesmas.v7i1.1916.
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A work accident is an unplanned event that has the potential to cause injury, damage or other loss to someone. Based on preliminary studies conducted by researchers to 10 employees that the work environment is less than the maximum one of which is caused by a workplace environment that is too hot, muddy, slippery and easily causes employees to slip. The aims of research to determine the factor of affecting work accident. The research used analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population were all employees (72 respondents) and used total sampling and used chi-square test. The results showed there were effect among work situation (Pvalue = 0.011) and unsafety action (Pvalue = 0,000) with work accident. The researcher suggest to PT. Raja Marga to provide warning letters to employees in an effort to avoid work accidents to the maximum extent.
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Latifa, Gulshan Ara, Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, Md Humayun Kabir, and Arnab Chakma. "Water quality and fish diversity of Chengi river of Khagrachari district." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 47, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v47i2.44345.
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Chengi a major river of Khagrachari district is getting polluted day by day due to unplanned river management. Both primary and secondary data have been used to conduct this work. Primary data have been collected through extensive field work, questionnaire and sample collection. Water samples have been collected from three sampling station, namely Ganjapara, Chengi Bridge and Rubber factory sites. Water temperature is higher at different sampling stations in the study site than Bangladesh standards (25°C) due to the direct hit of the sun. The maximum DO value is 5.8 mg/l at the sampling station one and the minimum is 5.3 mg/l at station three. So, it concluded that the DO value of the Chengi river is comparatively lower than the Bangladesh Standards. The water Temperature and pH is higher than the Bangladesh standards and the value of other parameters are very lower than the Bangladesh standards. In fish diversity, 10 families belonging to 6 orders were recorded and identified by the fin formula. The order Cypriniformes occupied 40%, the order Perciformes which occupies 25% and the order Beloniformes, Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes occupied 10% and Mollusks and other invertebrates occupied 25%, respectively in all cases. This work provides a complete picture of the water quality and also the fish diversity of the Chengi River. It will be helpful for water resource management and planning.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 343-353, 2019
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Mahfuza, S., MS Hossain, and M. Islam. "Impacts of Urbanization on Land Cover Pattern in Bangladesh: A Downscaled Approach for Chuadanga District." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 12, no. 1-2 (February 11, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v12i1-2.51983.
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Bangladesh has been facing rapid and unplanned urbanization for last several years resulting devastating change to vegetation, fresh water body and bare soil in this area. This integrated study aimed to find out the trend of urbanization and land cover changes in Chuandanga, a western district of Bangladesh. This downscaled approach used GIS and remote sensing techniques for supervised land cover classification of Landsat images for last five years (2014-2018). The study has portrayed an increasing trend in built up area and bare soil whereas a decreasing trend in vegetation and water body. Meanwhile, it has been found that change in built up area and vegetation cover is strongly correlated whilst built area is increased by 1.28% (14.84 sq.km) and vegetation decreased by 16.54% (191.96 sq.km) during this period. Moreover, it is also observed that rapid growth of urban areas has a considerable influence on decreasing water body and bare soil as well as the changing pattern showing the forthcoming urbanization in this city. This study shows the importance of urban expansion for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in particular Goal 11, Sustainable Cities.
Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 37-42, 2019
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Joy Margaret, Nalubega, and Omona Kizito. "Lived Experiences of Women Who Underwent Induced Abortion: A qualitative study of Rakai District, Uganda." International Journal of Health 8, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v8i1.31366.
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Background: Induced abortion is one where products of conception are expelled before 28 weeks of gestation. The process can be safe or unsafe. Safe termination of pregnancy is performed by skilled persons using appropriate tools whereas unsafe induced abortion is performed either by persons without the necessary skills or in an environment without the minimum medical standards, or both.Objectives: To explore the lived experiences of women who had induced abortion in Rakai DistrictMethodology: Phenomenological qualitative design was used. Study population was women who underwent induced abortion. 25 women who had induced abortions in past 1-3years were interviewed. Data was collected by in-depth interviews, tape recorded; transcribed verbatim and written in note book.Results: Lived experiences included denial, shame, confusion, fear, anger, anxiety, depression and uncertainty. Participants reported use of local herbs like “ekiwoko” and “majaani”, “etwaata”, “kisuula” and roots of sugar canes, among others, to induce abortion. The processes were mostly traditional, associated with: severe pain, heavy bleeding, and so on. They were life-threatening and horrible. Short- and long-term lived experiences included secondary barrenness, depression, crying-in-privacy and regrets, among others.Conclusion: Health workers and women in child-bearing age need to work together to discuss how to control unplanned pregnancies.
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Antalyn, B., and V. P. A. Weerasinghe. "Assessment of Urban Sprawl and Its Impacts on Rural Landmasses of Colombo District: A Study Based on Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 30, no. 1-2 (October 21, 2020): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120946245.
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Urban sprawl is one of the significant issues faced by cities in Sri Lanka today. Urban sprawl is unplanned and uneven pattern of growth, driven by a multitude of processes and leading to inefficient resource utilisation. This study evaluates urban sprawl and its impact on rural land masses of Colombo district, Sri Lanka in 1997, 2009 and 2018 using Shannon’s entropy values. Maximum likelihood supervised classification was applied for Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor 2018) and Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper 1997, 2009) satellite images to get the build- up areas and then the Shannon’s entropy values using GIS were assessed. Calculated built-up areas were 98.97 (14.6 %), 178.76 (26.38%), 276.80 (40.85%) km2 and Shannon’s entropy values were 0.928, 1.009 and 1.059 for the years 1997, 2009 and 2018, respectively. Since Shannon’s entropy is an efficient indicator to measure urban sprawl, it is observed that Colombo district continues to sprawl from 1997 to 2018. The analysis of the results further showed that rapid increase of built-up area resulted in decrease in vegetation and agricultural areas. Calculated relative entropy values were 0.83, 0.91 and 0.95 for consecutive years, which has an increasing trend and exceeded the threshold value of 0.5 indicating a higher level of urban sprawl in Colombo district. Developed maps show that since 1997, the city has experienced pronounced urban sprawl along the main roads of Colombo district consuming rural lands at a faster pace as population shifts from urban areas. Prioritised policies in Government’s public investment programme 2017–2020 for sustainable urban development may help concentrate growth within targeted areas and restrain sprawling development in rural settings of Colombo district. Further, similar studies are encouraged to check the effectiveness of applying policies.
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Darwis, S. Jailany, Eva Banowati, and Fadly Husain. "The Social Change of Barru District Society Due to the Construction of the Makassar - Parepare Railway Line." Journal of Educational Social Studies 9, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jess.v9i2.41095.
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Indonesia that continued to change over time will no doubt affect the aspects of life. Aspect that could provide sustenance was the need of transportation through the construction of the Makassar - Parepare railway line. The goal was to know the social changes and adaptation patterns of children when social changes occurred as a result of the construction of the Makassar-Parepare railway. This study used qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The informants of the study were; 1) PPK Railway Development of South Sulawesi, 2) Affected communities, 3) Head of BPD in Ajakkang village, and 4) Head of Polewali environment. The data collection technique of this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results is construction of the Makassar - Parepare railway led a social change that could be seen based on the process and time. The planned social change occurred because the government is the agent of change in the development. The unplanned social change occurred because of the flooding. The form of social change based on the time of revolution in development has led to conflict due to different interests. The adaptation of children to social changes in society tends to conformity adaptation rather than other forms of adaptation.
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Taşkin, T., A. Kaplan, A. Önenç, and C. C Hepcan. "Evaluation of cattle and sheep buildings with their surroundings using ‘visual quality assessment’ technique." Research in Agricultural Engineering 50, No. 4 (February 8, 2012): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4941-rae.
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This study was conducted to assess visual quality of cattle and sheep housings with their surroundings across the seven districts of İzmir province, located in western side of Turkey. A total of 58 animal farms consisting of 31 cattle and 27 sheep farms were investigated. After watching the videos of all animal housings with their environs, each sample lasts for approximately 60 seconds, the 250 photos derived from the video scenes were evaluated by an expert group of 30 respondents in one panel. The respondents were asked to rate visual quality of each photo and its features on a five-point scale in order of district and farm type (cattle or sheep). The results showed that efficiently constructed and managed animal farm buildings in compliance with their surroundings were rated higher than the ones that are built on an ad hoc basis as well as irrelevant to their environs. Visual quality scores increased directly with natural landscape features (topographic attributes such as hill and plain, the presence of plant cover) and decreased with the mostly presence of man-made elements (transformer and electric lines, road, water channel, settlement) besides unplanned layout of the buildings and its facilities, proximity to highway and urban/rural settlements, worse manure management.
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Sinha, Sidhartha, Matthew Fok, Ijaz Ahmad, Mustafa Al-Sheikh, and Christopher Backhouse. "Shortening Postoperative Stay after Parathyroidectomy - A District General Hospital Experience." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 24, no. 03 (December 13, 2019): e313-e318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698777.
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Introduction Historically, concerns about complications following parathyroid surgery, such as airway compromise, bleeding and hypocalcemia, have precluded its consideration as a short-stay surgical procedure. Recent advancements in perioperative care have resulted in several publications demonstrating that parathyroidectomy can be safely performed as a short-stay procedure. Objectives The aim of the present study was to describe the process of implementing a short-stay protocol focusing on preoperative patient education and postoperative calcium management for those undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). Method A retrospective audit of consecutive parathyroidectomies performed for PHP over the period between 2010 and 2013 was performed. A short-stay protocol (SSP) was introduced focusing on postoperative calcium management. Results were reaudited over the period between 2013 and 2015. Results Consecutive parathyroidectomies in 76 patients were included in the study. A total of 42 patients underwent parathyroidectomy prior to the introduction of the protocol. A total of 26.2% of these patients were symptomatic from hypercalcemia. A total of 40 out of 42 (95.2%) patients had a biochemical cure. A total of 36 out of 42 (85.7%) cases were due to parathyroid adenomas. A total of 34 patients underwent surgery following the introduction of the protocol. A total of 13 out of 34 (38.2%) of the patients had symptomatic hypercalcemia. A total of 33 out of 34 (97.1%) had a biochemical cure. A total of 32 out of 34 (94.1%) cases were due to parathyroid adenomas.The length of stay decreased from a median of 3 days (range 2–9 days; mean 3.32) preprotocol to a median of 2 days (range 2–3 days; mean 2.16) postprotocol (p < 0.0001) with no difference in the 30-day unplanned readmission rate (4.8 versus 2.9%; p = 0.999). Conclusions The postoperative length of stay after parathyroidectomy for PHP can be safely reduced through patient education and by rationalizing postoperative calcium management without adversely affecting outcomes.
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Hussien Hussien, Walaa. "AN APPROACH TO DETERMINE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF UNPLANNED HOUSING GROWTH PROBLEMS IN EGYPT CASE STUDY (AL-TALBIYEH DISTRICT-GIZA GOVERNORATE)." JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 47, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2019.115749.
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Solanki, Rajendra, Hiteshri C. Patel, and J. K. Kosambiya. "Identify determinant of contraceptive use in rural set up of Surat district, Gujarat." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173352.
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Background: In spite of significant growth and expansion of family planning programme, pregnancy continues to be unplanned. This study has been conducted to identify determinant responsible for use of contraception. The aim of the study was to determine the factors affecting the use of the contraceptives. The objectives were to study Socio – demographic, fertility profile of eligible couples and its relation to use of contraceptionMethods: This is a cross sectional study conducted during period of 20th September 2014 to 15th January 2015. Three PHCs were selected purposively from Olpad taluka of the Surat District. Two Sub Centers were selected randomly from each PHC. Data regarding eligible couples were collected from Sub Center register. From each Sub Center, 47 eligible women were selected randomly. Total sample size was 280 (CPR: 60%, DLHS-3).Results: Mean age of study participants were 29.14±6.7 years. Out of total women, 18.6% women were married before attaining the age of 18 years. More than 50% women were 20-24 years of age group at the time of birth of first child where as 25.4% women gave birth to first child before the age of 20 years. There was significant association between use of Contraceptive methods with factors like age of women, caste, religion, education of women, education of husband and number of children (p<0.05). At the time of sterilization, number of children and gender of last child plaed a significant role.Conclusions: Women should be empowered with education regarding use of contraception. Child marriage act should be strictly followed.
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Muthusamy, Ramaswami, and Palanivel Sengottaiyan. "Clinical profile of dengue fever in children admitted in a district hospital of South India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200511.
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Background: To assess the clinical profile of dengue fever in children.Methods: In this Prospective observational study 110 patients who admitted in Government District Headquarters Hospital, Namakkal between 1st August 2019 to 31st December 2019 were included. Those patients with confirmed dengue, with IgM dengue antibody positive were included in this study. Detailed history was taken, and clinical examination was performed, and laboratory investigations were done.Results: In this study 110 patients were studied, majority were males. Fever was present in 100% of patients followed by headache, myalgia. The common signs and symptoms of dengue infection were fever, headache, body ache, retro-orbital pain, bleeding manifestations, and rash in 100%, 97.27%, 92.72%, 77.27%, 8.12%, and 60.90%, respectively. In 90 cases platelet count was less than 100,000/cumm of which bleeding manifestation was found in 9 patients. Pleural effusion and ascites were observed in 25 and 15 cases respectively. Hepatomegaly was noted in 19 cases and splenomegaly in 10. Leucopenia was present in 52 cases whereas raised liver enzymes were present in 51 cases. The mortality rate was 0.9%.Conclusions: Dengue epidemic has increased in recent past probably due to unplanned urbanization with rapid construction activities, unhygienic condition and poor sanitation facilities contributing fertile breeding soil for mosquitoes. Early diagnosis and management can decrease mortality and morbidity of illness. Platelet transfusions have little role in management of dengue patients.
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Abraham, Ruth, Ruth Abraham, and Sajna Mathumkunnath Vijayan. "Health profile of workers in an industrial area of Thrissur district: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211741.
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Background: Rapid unplanned industrialization is creating serious problems for the human environment. Worse and directly affected in this process are the industrial workers. The purpose of the study is to assess the health profile of workers in an Industrial area of Thrissur district and to compare the morbidity profile of industrial workers from native Kerala and migrants.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the industrial area of Thrissur district for a period of six months. Cluster sampling was done. Among the total industries in the industrial area of Thrissur, one industry was selected using the lottery method. All the workers in that industry were included in the study. After establishing a rapport, data was collected using a semi-structured interview schedule from the participant using questionnaires.Results: Among 246 workers interviewed, 79.3% were males. 43.9% of participants were from Kerala, 37.4% Orissa, 10.4% Bihar and the rest from other states of India. 30.9% of participants were obese, 17.9% overweight and 8.5% underweight. Other morbidities were refractory error (46.7%) and hypertension (30.5%). Overweight and obesity were significantly more among workers from native Kerala compared to migrants (p=0.001). History of injuries was reported by 10.6% of workers.Conclusions: The high proportion of obesity and hypertension detected among workers was alarming. Interventions at various levels (host, vector, and environment) are likely to produce a lasting impact on industrial worker's health.
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Ferdous, Zannatul, M. F. Haque, M. A. Hosain, M. M. Rahman, and Abu Sayed. "Evaluation of Surface Waters Quality Obtained from Different Sources of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2016): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i1.26563.
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The present study was conducted to assess some chemical properties and heavy metals of surface waters collected from different sources at Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus and Mymensingh Sadar Upazila for common use. Twelve water samples were collected from 4 different locations during February to April 2011 for analyzing their chemical quality parameters. The recorded values of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), As, Pb and Fe were found to range from 6.153 to 7.043, 0.194 to 0.679 mS/cm,106.333 to 389.333 ppm, 4.433 to 4.9 ppm, 0.064 to 1.756 ppb, 0.00053 to 0.00083 ppm and 0.567 to 1.795 ppm, respectively. pH and TDS of the surface water were within the standard value but other parameters such as As, Pb, and Fe were significantly higher than the standard for drinking water. The correlation analysis among chemical and heavy metal properties indicated that all the parameters had significant contribution to pollute the water except DO. The correlation between TDS and EC was strongly significant (r = 0.99**). pH showed positive significant correlation with EC and TDS. Fe showed negative (r = -0.636) significant correlation with As. The above findings show that the surface water in Mymensingh area is being gradually polluted by unplanned discharge of chemicals and heavy metals contained effluents. It might be concluded that the water is not so harmful yet for irrigation, aquaculture and livestock usage.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 189-195
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Gebremeskel, Feleke, Yohannes Dibaba, and Bitiya Admassu. "Timing of First Antenatal Care Attendance and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch District, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/971506.
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Objective. To assess the timing of first antenatal care attendance and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch District, south Ethiopia.Method. Facility based cross-sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted from February to March, 2014, in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch District. Data were collected from 409 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in nine public health facilities using systematic random sampling. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and binary and multiple logistic regression analysis were done.Results. The mean (SD±) age of the respondents was 26 ± 5.5 years. The mean gestational age at first antenatal care attendance was 5 ± 1.5 months. This study indicated that pregnant women with low monthly income (AOR = 4.9, CI: 1.71, 14.08), women who did not receive advise on when to start ANC (AOR = 3, CI: 1.48, 6.24), women with household food insecurity (AOR = 4.66, CI: 1.007, 21.59) and women with unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 4.49, CI: 2.16, 9.35) had higher odds of late antenatal care attendance compared with their counterparts.Conclusions. The study showed that majority of the pregnant women attended late for first antenatal care. Hence, providing health education on the timing of antenatal care is important.
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Donkor, Anthony Kudjo, and Azure Love Lariba. "The impact of sex education on teenage pregnancy in basic schools of Bawku municipal district in Ghana." Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia 3, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v3i3.4915.
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The incidence of teenage pregnancy has been on the rise in Ghana, especially in the Bawku-East Municipality. In Ghana adults rarely discussed sexual matters with the youth. Thus, the youth have little or no information about the biological changes that take place in their bodies during the transitional period from youth to adulthood. This has resulted in unplanned pregnancies for the vast majority of teenagers, which have serious developmental and socioeconomic implications. The study was to explore how sex education could mitigate teenage pregnancy in the Bawku-East Municipality. A total sample size of one hundred and twenty-five (125) respondents was used for the study. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation were used to collect data for the study. The study revealed that poor parenting, poverty and peer influence were the major causes of teenage pregnancy in the study area. In addition, concealing sex education and sex-knowledge from the youth made them more curious and vulnerable. There is the need for parents and schools to empower the youth through sex education to equip them with knowledge in order to overcome the potentially corrupt information through the social media and friends. The study will be useful to students, parents, teachers and vulnerable group (girl-child) advocates in communities.
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Yates, DR, RK Safdar, PA Spencer, and BT Parys. "‘Nephrostomy-Free’ Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Experience in a UK District General Hospital." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 7 (October 2009): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588409x432437.
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INTRODUCTION Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the first-line treatment for large and complex renal calculi. Accepted UK practice is to insert a nephrostomy tube at the end of the procedure to drain the kidney and reduce potential complications. ‘Tubeless’ or ‘nephrostomy-free’ PCNL has been advocated in selected patients as it is thought to reduce length of hospital stay, analgesia requirements and pain experienced. We present our outcomes of a consecutive series (n = 101) of ‘nephrostomy-free’ PCNLs compared to standard PCNL over a 4-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2004 and October 2006, we performed 55 standard (with nephrostomy tube) PCNLs (Group 1). From October 2006 onwards, we changed our technique and have performed 46 consecutive ‘nephrostomy-free’ PCNLs (JJ stent inserted), independent of patient and stone factors (Group 2). We have compared the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay (LOS), analgesia requirements, transfusion rates, haemoglobin (Hb) decrease and immediate, early and late complications. RESULTS ‘Nephrostomy-free’ PCNL significantly reduced the length of hospital stay (2.8 vs 5.1 days; P < 0.001), morphine-based analgesia requirements (23% no morphine required vs 2.8%; P < 0.001), transfusion rate (2.5% vs 7%; P < 0.01) and mean Hb decrease (1.89 g/dl vs 2.25 g/dl; P > 0.05). Overall, no patient experienced a serious complication. All attempted ‘nephrostomy-free’ PCNLs were completed (stone clearance 95%) and no patient needed an unplanned nephrostomy. Only 5% in Group 2 needed their ureteric JJ stent removing earlier than planned secondary to pain. Both groups were comparable in terms of immediate, early and late complications, though three patients in Group 1 developed chronic loin pain and one patient in the ‘nephrostomy-free’ group developed a delayed perirenal haematoma. CONCLUSIONS ‘Nephrostomy-free’ percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe, effective and feasible procedure independent of patient and stone factors. It decreases the length of hospital stay, the pain experienced and the need for morphine-based analgesia; we feel it should be the standard of care for patients undergoing a PCNL.
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Karki, Binod Kumar. "Information and Perception towards Emergency Contraception among Female Adolescent Students in Secondary School of Kathmandu District." KMC Research Journal 3, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kmcrj.v3i3.35708.
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Emergency Contraception is a method used to avoid pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or a contraceptive accident to prevent an unwanted pregnancy. This method has potential to prevent up to 75% of unplanned pregnancies. The aim of this study is to assess the information and perception towards emergency contraception among female adolescent students in secondary school. Secondary classes (+2 Wing) run by Koteshwor Multiple Campus was selected as study area purposively. The study was conducted on November 2018 to December 2018. The study was based on descriptive cross-sectional research design. Self-administered structure and pre-tested questionnaire were used to obtain information and perception from 220 study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. After data collection, the data was coded, entered, and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The study shows that 84.5 percentages of the female adolescent students had heard about emergency contraceptive. 85 percentages of them identified the correct timing of use within 72 hours of unsafe sexual contact. 69 percentages respondents said they are ready to use emergency contraceptive if required. There is significant relation between educational level and information of emergency contraceptive. The level of information of emergency contraception among female adolescent students was high but perception towards that was negative while comparing to other studies.Thus,health education intervention regarding information and positive perception towards emergency contraception is needed to female adolescent students of secondary school.
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Saab, Fernando, and Cristina Abreu. "Basic Sanitation and Health - Challenges and Perspectives in Brazil and Brazilian Federal District." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss2.2936.
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Basic sanitation has been considered an important environmental determinant of health. Mainly related to the services of drinking water availability, solid waste management, sanitation problems are aggravated by the unplanned growth of urban centers, affecting an important part of the total disease burden in the world. The Sanitation Ranking prepared by the Trata Brazil Institute (2020) was used as the basis for the studies presented here taking into account the data from the SNIS (National Sanitation Information System – Ministry of Regional Development, Brazil), which were consulted for the 100 largest Brazilian municipalities, in terms of inhabitants, in the year 2018. 27 out of the 100 largest municipalities in Brazil have 100% total water service, that is, they have universal water service. Only one municipality has 100% sewage collection (Piracicaba –SP). 14 municipalities have a sewage collection rate greater than or equal to 98%. The average indicator of sewage treatment in the municipalities is 56.07%, that is very worrying. According to SNIS 2018, the national average for the treatment of generated sewage is 46.3%; that is, the average of the 100 largest municipalities in the study is higher than the national average. However, in both cases, the indicator is at a very low level, pointing to an area whose challenges to be overcome are great. The Brazilian capital’ city (Brasilia, Federal District of Brazil) in the sanitation is ranked 27th among Brazilian capitals based on data from the National Sanitation Information System (2018). The new Basic Sanitation Legal Framework, signed on July 15, 2020 has as its main objective to universalize and qualify the provision of services in the sector. The Federal Government’s goal is to achieve universal access by 2033, ensuring that 99% of the Brazilian population has access to drinking water and 90% to sewage collection and treatment. The expectation is that the universalization of water and sewage services will reduce annual health costs by up to 290 million USD.
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Rhee, Joel, Anne Meller, Karolina Krysinska, Peter Gonski, Vasi Naganathan, Nicholas Zwar, Andrew Hayen, et al. "Advance care planning for patients with advanced illnesses attending hospital outpatient clinics study: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023107.
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IntroductionIt is unclear whether advance care planning (ACP) undertaken with patients living in the community can improve patient care and avoid unwanted interventions and hospital admissions. We have designed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to examine if ACP undertaken with patients with advanced illnesses attending hospital outpatient clinics can reduce unplanned hospital admissions and improve patient and caregiver well-being.Methods and analysisPragmatic RCT involving patients from subspecialty outpatient clinics at five clinical sites in Sydney, Australia. Participants will be ≥18 years screened as potentially having palliative care needs and at risk of dying in 6–12 months. The patients will be randomised to intervention or control group. Intervention group will undertake ACP discussions facilitated by a trained health professional. The control group will receive written information on ACP, representing the current standard of care. The primary outcome is the number of unplanned hospital admissions at the 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: (i) patient’s health-related quality-of-life and quality of chronic disease care; (ii) caregiver’s health-related quality-of-life and caregiver burden and (iii) other health outcomes including ambulance usage, emergency department presentations, hospital admissions, resuscitation attempts, intensive care unit admissions, deaths, documentation of patient wishes in patient records and audit of ACP discussions and documents. The staff’s self-reported attitudes and knowledge of ACP will also be measured. The data will be collected using self-report questionnaires, hospital records audit, audit of ACP documentation and data linkage analysis. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions with patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationApproved by South-East Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee and NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated via conference presentations, journal publications, seminars and invited talks.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000280303.
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Grover, Seema, Nishi Garg, Rupali Rupali, and Balpreet Kaur. "Awareness about reproductive health, contraceptive methods, STDs including HIV/AIDS, and HPV vaccine, among adolescent girls in district Faridkot in Punjab." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 5 (April 27, 2017): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171966.
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Background: Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Female adolescents have a higher risk of contracting an STD than their male counterparts. Hence creating awareness in them about reproductive health is the need of the hour.Methods: This was a cross sectional school based Study which was conducted in various schools of Faridkot city of Punjab where 400 Adolescent girls of class 11th and 12th age between 16-19 years, studying in English medium schools in district Faridkot through predesigned multiple choice questionnaires.Results: In our study, most of the girls (67%) were not aware about the meaning of reproductive health. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS (70.75%) and low (less than 20%) for other STDs. They also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive.Conclusions: Poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, education about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist.
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Wirawan, Yahya Reka. "Pengaruh orientasi pasar, orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja pemasaran UMKM batik di Kabupaten Jombang." EQUILIBRIUM : Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembelajarannya 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/equilibrium.v5i1.1006.
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<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation toward marketing performance partially or simultaneously. The population in this study are traders batik SMEs in Jombang district and samples taken 94 respondents obtained by the calculation formula Slovin. The sampling technique used was purposive random sampling. Methods of analysis, linear regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. The results of this study with regression analysis of Y = 0.131 + 0,510X2 0,436X1 + + e. Partial test results show the market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a significant effect on the performance marketing. The test results simultaneously obtained Fhitung =</em></p><p align="center"><em>55.478 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2) of</em></p><p><em>0.54, in that it can be interpreted that unplanned purchases described by the retail service and the atmosphere in the store by 54%, while the remaining 46% is explained by other variables not examined in this study. Conclusions from this research is the higher market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation, the higher the level of performance marketing. Suggestions for merchants batik SMEs in Jombang district for more attention to what is in demand by consumers. As well as more courageous in taking risks to bring new fashions.</em></p>
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Mamude, Markos, Girma Alemu Melka, and Wondafrash Genet. "Geospatial Techniques Based Analysis on the Impact of Resettlement on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Esira District, Dawuro Zone, Ethiopia." Ghana Journal of Geography 13, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v13i1.10.
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Resettlement program is considered as a response to tackle the problems of food insecurity, unproductive agriculture, and the ill-being of resettled community. However, large implementation of the program gives rise to socio-economic and environmental related issues particularly natural resource degradation, which causes land use and land cover (LULC) change in the study area. This study was carried out to analyze implication of resettlement on LULC change in Esira district by applying geospatial techniques. Accordingly, to achieve the intended objectives, three sets of Landsat images with different study period were used. Thus, five major LULC classes were identified using maximum likelihood supervised classification techniques. Post classification change detection technique was also used to identify land transformation from one LULC class to other classes. The finding of the study shows that, from 1990 to 2019, there was increment in settlement and cropland with respective values of 11.9% to 32%, and 21.7% to 28%. In expense of this, grassland, forest and bare land were decreased from 29.2% to 14.7%, 26.2% to 16.6% and 12.8% to 8.33%, respectively. Fragmented and unplanned resettlement program would result in natural resource depletion particularly deforestation. So, based on the findings, well-planned resettlement program and sensible land use system is recommended.
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Schreiner, G. O., R. C. van Ballegooyen, and W. Osman. "Seawater desalination as an option to alleviate water scarcity in South Africa: the need for a strategic approach to planning and environmental decision-making." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 4 (May 22, 2014): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.035.
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In the last decade, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has come to be seen by policy-makers as a novel technology that will significantly advance water security in South African coastal regions. Water purveyors, from the private sector, local/district municipalities and provincial authorities, are undertaking studies to explore the feasibility of SWRO to meet growing demand and relieve mounting pressure on current bulk water supply infrastructure. With this in mind, it is suggested that national strategic planning should be introduced to present the opportunities and constraints of the desalination option within the national water and energy policy. In absence of this, piece-meal decisions will be made at local authority levels and the construction of SWRO plants will be determined by regional circumstances (e.g. drought) as opposed to national water policy agenda. This paper explores the value of such a strategy by considering the drivers of SWRO in South Africa, the risk of unplanned large-scale SWRO implementation (with a focus on environmental impacts) and the initial steps that could be taken toward a Strategic Environmental Assessment for SWRO in South Africa.
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da Silva Pereira Mororó, Thiago. "O PROCESSO DE URBANIZAÇÃO NO BRASIL DA PRIMEIRA REPÚBLICA E A SEGREGAÇÃO SOCIAL CONSEQUENTE." Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 9, no. 208 (September 17, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-208-9178.
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This research seeks to investigate, essentially, the urbanization process in Brazil of the First Republic, especially in the context of the Federal District, and how it decisively influenced the phenomenon of social exclusion and the resulting emergence of favelas and a stigmatized social class. An analysis of the historical context of the determined time frame is necessary, namely, the beginning of the 20th century, emphasizing how urban reforms fostered social imbalance in Rio de Janeiro. To carry out this research, the bibliographic review methodology will be used. This bibliographic review is characterized by being analytical and descriptive. The main objective of this method is to expose, in a summarized way, the main ideas already discussed by the researched authors who dealt with the problem, raising criticisms and doubts, when possible. Among all the alleged innovations and urban adaptations, modernity, the poor population, the class of the dispossessed, marginalization was relegated, concentrated in ghettos, even though this was an unplanned process. The emergence of favelas clearly demonstrates that the project, although positive in certain aspects, initiated social segregation, a phenomenon observable until today.
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Lee, Linda C. "School performance trajectories and the challenges for principal succession." Journal of Educational Administration 53, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 262–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-12-2012-0139.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use empirical data on new principals to clarify the connection between different succession situations and the challenges their successor principals face. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on two waves of interview data from a random sample of 16 new elementary school principals in a major urban school district in the USA. Findings – New principals face distinct practice challenges depending on the nature of their successions. The less planned the succession, the less information and knowledge the new principal tends to possess. The more discontinuous the new administration’s trajectory is with the previous administration, the greater the staff resistance that the successor principal tends to face. Research limitations/implications – Few studies systematically examine how succession situations differ in schools that are in need of transformation vs those in need of stability. This study addresses this gap by illuminating the varied processes of succession and highlighting specific mechanisms that link these processes to different organizational trajectories. Practical implications – For district officials, this study suggests that principals in unplanned successions need greater support in quickly gathering information about their new schools while principals in discontinuous successions need greater expertise in how to balance trust-building and accountability in their attempts to promote transformational change. Originality/value – This study’s primary value is its detailed articulation of how certain characteristics of succession situations are associated with specific types of challenges. Only studies at this level of specificity can be effective guides to practitioners and policymakers who are charged with preparing, selecting, and supporting new principals and their schools.
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Das, Souvik, Dipak Pal, Sanjoy Kumar Sadhukhan, Hasibur Zaman Haque, and Mousumi Datta. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Post-Natal Depression and its Associates among Women in a Rural Community in Hooghly District, West Bengal." Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i01.007.
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Background:Post-natal depression, aserious mental health problem experienced by mothers 4 to 6 weeks after delivery. Patients suffering from post- natal depression are at higher risk of developing major depressive illness in future life. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of post-natal depression and its associates among women in a rural community in Hooghly district, West Bengal. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 83 post-natal mothers (period of 6th to 10th week after delivery) in a rural community in Hooghly district, West Bengal, selected by simple random sampling technique from the list of mothers attending the immunization clinic in a health centreduring the period of April 2019 to September 2019. Data was collected by face-to-face interview and review of records by house to house visits. Depression was assessed by Edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS).Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of post-natal depression among study participants came out to be 28.9%. Poor socio-economic status (p=0.000). Unplanned pregnancy (p=0.025), Pre-term delivery (p=0.011) and increase in number of parity (p=0.025) were found to be statistically significantly associated with post-natal depression. Conclusion: Post-natal depression is a major public health problem which should be dealt with great concern while making policy for betterment of maternal and child health especially in low income countries like India. This can be detected early by health care providers in primary health care set up using simple screening tools. Special care and counselling should be provided to them.
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Mishra, Malvika, Shiv Shanker Tripathi, and Manish Kumar Verma. "Knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception in females of urban area of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164660.
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Background: Emergency contraception are birth control measures that, if taken after unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure, incorrect use of contraceptives or in cases of sexual assault may prevent pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of female living in urban part of Lucknow district from September 2015 to August 2016.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at RML Hospital, Lucknow from September 2015 to August 2016. A cross sectional study design was conducted and Participants were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected by using self-administered questionnaires. Data processing and analysis: The collected data was entered into a computer and analyzed using statistical package of social science version 20.0.Results: In this study it was found that, Out of 385 subjects 54% (209) new the correct time interval for EC to be effective and 91% (350) new that this is for prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Out of 385 subjects 77% (345) reported that they had heard the word EC from different sources, however 23% (90) reported that they never heard about that it means that still there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge of EC. Different attitudes of females towards emergency contraception some different pair of questions was asked. Out of 385 subjects 85% (329) were reported that they have positive attitudes in terms of benefits of EC to reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancy. A few number of subjects i.e. 12% (48) reported negative attitudes towards EC where as 3 % (8) did not respond. The more than half subjects i.e. 68% (260) reported that they use EC even if their partners disagreed with them where as 11% (41). Cultural belief was found as an barrier in having negative attitudes towards EC. The Religion, Occupation and educational status affect knowledge and attitudes towards EC.Conclusions: The results show that there is a scope of health awareness activities and health education to improve the knowledge and attitude towards EC.