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Journal articles on the topic 'Unrestricted VAR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Polito, Vito, and Mike Wickens. "Optimal monetary policy using an unrestricted VAR." Journal of Applied Econometrics 27, no. 4 (2010): 525–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.1219.

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Poghosyan, Karen. "A Comparison of Different Short-Term Macroeconomic Forecasting Models: Evidence from Armenia." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 5, no. 2 (2016): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2016-0012.

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Abstract We evaluate the forecasting performance of four competing models for short-term macroeconomic forecasting: the traditional VAR, small scale Bayesian VAR, Factor Augmented VAR and Bayesian Factor Augmented VAR models. Using Armenian quarterly actual macroeconomic time series from 1996Q1 – 2014Q4, we estimate parameters of four competing models. Based on the out-of-sample recursive forecast evaluations and using root mean squared error (RMSE) criterion we conclude that small scale Bayesian VAR and Bayesian Factor Augmented VAR models are more suitable for short-term forecasting than tra

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3

Beyaztas, U., and Abdel-Salam G. Abdel-Salam. "Stationary Bootstrap Based Multi-Step Forecasts for Unrestricted VAR Models." Journal of Data Science 18, no. 4 (2021): 682–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6339/jds.202010_18(4).0006.

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4

Kębłowski, Piotr. "Monte Carlo comparison of LCCA- and ML-based cointegration tests for panel var process with cross-sectional cointegrating vectors." Przegląd Statystyczny 65, no. 2 (2019): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0533.

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Small-sample properties of bootstrap cointegration rank tests for unrestricted panel VAR process are considered when long-run cross-sectional dependencies occur. It is shown that the bootstrap cointegration rank tests for the panel VAR model based on levels canonical correlation analysis are oversized, whereas the bootstrap cointegration rank tests based on maximum likelihood framework are undersized. Moreover, the former tests are in general outperformed by the latter in terms of performance. The results of the investigation indicate that the ML-based bootstrap cointegration rank tests perfor

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Li, Yuanyuan, and Dietmar Bauer. "Modeling I(2) Processes Using Vector Autoregressions Where the Lag Length Increases with the Sample Size." Econometrics 8, no. 3 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8030038.

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In this paper the theory on the estimation of vector autoregressive (VAR) models for I(2) processes is extended to the case of long VAR approximation of more general processes. Hereby the order of the autoregression is allowed to tend to infinity at a certain rate depending on the sample size. We deal with unrestricted OLS estimators (in the model formulated in levels as well as in vector error correction form) as well as with two stage estimation (2SI2) in the vector error correction model (VECM) formulation. Our main results are analogous to the I(1) case: We show that the long VAR approxima

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Baranowski, Paweł, Małgorzata Mazurek, Maciej Nowakowski, and Marek Raczko. "Czy dezagregacja indeksu cen poprawia prognozy polskiej inflacji?" Przegląd Statystyczny. Statistical Review 2010, no. 1 (2010): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ps.2010.01.2.

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This paper examines whether forecasting CPI components improves CPI forecast. We exploit quarterly data for Poland, disaggregated into 12 components. We follow methodology used in previous studies for Euro Area (Hubrich, 2005; Reijer and Vlaar, 2006). AR, MA, TAR and unrestricted VAR models are estimated using recursive sample and aggregated into CPI. Using out-of-sample forecasts, these models are evaluated and compared to the benchmark -- equivalents for aggregate CPI. The evidence is mixed. VAR component-forecast outperform benchmark. Contrary to VAR, for AR and TAR models we do not find su

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Plagborg-Møller, Mikkel, and Christian K. Wolf. "Local Projections and VARs Estimate the Same Impulse Responses." Econometrica 89, no. 2 (2021): 955–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta17813.

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We prove that local projections (LPs) and Vector Autoregressions (VARs) estimate the same impulse responses. This nonparametric result only requires unrestricted lag structures. We discuss several implications: (i) LP and VAR estimators are not conceptually separate procedures; instead, they are simply two dimension reduction techniques with common estimand but different finite‐sample properties. (ii) VAR‐based structural identification—including short‐run, long‐run, or sign restrictions—can equivalently be performed using LPs, and vice versa. (iii) Structural estimation with an instrument (pr

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Bação, Pedro, Inês Gaspar, and Marta Simões. "Corruption and Economic Growth: The Case of Portugal." Notas Económicas, no. 49 (December 6, 2019): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_49_2.

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In this paper we investigate the impact of corruption on economic growth in Portugal over the period 1980-2018. The empirical approach makes use of a VAR model inspired by the standard Cobb-Douglas aggregate production function. The VAR model includes the capital stock, hours worked, total factor productivity and the corruption perceptions index (CPI) of Transparency International. The CPI combines several sources of information on the level of corruption in each country. The scale of this index goes from 0, the highest level of corruption, to 10, the lowest level. The magnitude of the estimat

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Masoga, Marius, Thabang Kumalo, Bekithemba Qeqe, and Baneng Naape. "Do Energy Prices drive Inflation in South Africa? An unrestricted VAR Approach." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.621.

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This study was aimed at investigating the effects of energy prices on inflation in South Africa. This was achieved by means of econometric analysis and annual time series data spanning from 1994 to 2020. The findings revealed that electricity tariffs and petrol prices exhibit a positive effect on inflation in South Africa. On the contrary, interest rates and the exchange rate as control variables were found to have a negative effect on the inflation rate. The impulse response function indicated that inflation responds positively to innovations in petrol prices, electricity tariffs and money su

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10

Dejong, David N., and Charles H. Whiteman. "Modeling Stock Prices without Knowing How to Induce Stationarity." Econometric Theory 12, no. 4 (1996): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600007027.

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In “Modeling Stock Prices without Knowing How to Induce Stationarity” (1994, Econometric Theory 10, 701–719), we used posterior-odds calculations to evaluate restrictions imposed by a present-value model of stock prices across the equations of a VAR representation of stock prices and dividends. The results we reported are tainted by the omission of two factors: the Jacobians induced by the mapping of our priors over VAR parameters β into the restricted sample spaces relevant under hypotheses H2-H4 (hence, tainting our calculations of p(Hi|y,X) in (22) for i = 2–4), and an integrating constant

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11

Cavaliere, Giuseppe, Anders Rahbek, and A. M. Robert Taylor. "Bootstrap Determination of the Co-Integration Rank in VAR Models with Unrestricted Deterministic Components." Journal of Time Series Analysis 36, no. 3 (2015): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jtsa.12104.

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12

Kapoor, Gaurav, Nuttanan Wichitaksorn, Mengheng Li, and Wenjun Zhang. "Forecasting Half-Hourly Electricity Prices Using a Mixed-Frequency Structural VAR Framework." Econometrics 13, no. 1 (2025): 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/econometrics13010002.

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Electricity price forecasting has been a topic of significant interest since the deregulation of electricity markets worldwide. The New Zealand electricity market is run primarily on renewable fuels, and so weather metrics have a significant impact on electricity price and volatility. In this paper, we employ a mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) framework where we propose a VAR specification to the reverse unrestricted mixed-data sampling (RU-MIDAS) model, called RU-MIDAS-VAR, to provide point forecasts of half-hourly electricity prices using several weather variables and electrici

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13

Iortyer, Aondover Dominic, and Mohammed Nasiru. "Impact of Financial Sector Development on Misery Economic Index in Nigeria: A VAR Approach." Social Science and Human Research Bulletin 02, no. 05 (2025): 164–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15386073.

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Financial sector development is to address myriad of macroeconomic challenges, thus the study explore the impact of financial sector development on misery economic index in Nigeria from 1980 -2023, The specific objectives are to examine the intertwine impact of financial sector development and misery economic index, in addition to shocks and forcast errors of the variables on each other. Annual time series data used, findings revealed that each variable captured in the unrestricted VAR model exert varying degree of contemporaneous effect on each other. The result also shows the presence of sho

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OYAKHILOMEN, OYINBO, REKWOT G, and ADEGBOYE G ATIM. "Relationship of agricultural production and agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund in nigeria: a causality analysis." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 1 (2013): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.13.

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This study was carried out to examine the causality of agricultural production and the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund(ACGSF) in Nigeria. ADF unit root test, unrestricted VAR and granger causality test were employed in the analysis of the dataset and result showed that there is no causality between agricultural production and value of agricultural credit guaranteed but a unidirectional causality from agricultural production to the number of agricultural credit guaranteed existed. This implies that we can better predict the outcome of agricultural production in Nigeria using the past

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15

Clatterbuck, Wayne K., and John D. Hodges. "Development of cherrybark oak and sweet gum in mixed, even-aged bottomland stands in central Mississippi, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 1 (1988): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-003.

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Development of even-aged mixed cherrybark oak (Quercusfalcata var. pagodifolia Ell.) and sweet gum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) stands was examined over a range of stand densities and ages in minor river bottoms of central Mississippi, U.S.A. Two stand development patterns were documented based on average spacing between dominant and codominant trees during the pole stage of development: a "restricted" pattern and an "unrestricted" pattern. The restricted pattern occurred at average spacings of less than 5.5 m. Here cherrybark oak was initially shorter than sweet gum but was able to outgrow and

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16

Hin/David Ho, Kim, and Kwame Addae-Dapaah. "Real estate market cyclical dynamics." International Journal of Managerial Finance 10, no. 2 (2014): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-10-2013-0108.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to help us understand the real estate cycle and offers an analysis using a vector auto regression (VAR) model. The authors study the key international cities of Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. The authors find four key outcomes. One, the real estate cycle is generally different from the underlying business cycle in local markets for the cities studies. Two, the real estate cycle is more exaggerated in the construction and development areas than in rents and vacancies. Three, the vacancy cycle tends to lead the rental cycle. And four, new constructi

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Dr., Reena Dogra, and Kimta Aprajita. "Relationship between MSME Output, Exports and Economic Growth in India: An Econometric Study." International Journal of Management and Economics Invention 11, no. 03 (2025): 3966–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14965326.

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ABSTRACT : The MSME sector has emerged as a key pillar of the Indian economy, playing a vital role in the country’s economic development through its significant contributions to output, exports, and employment. This study examines the causal links between MSME output, MSME exports, total exports, and India's GDP using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration test and the Granger causality test. The Johansen-Juselius test results reveal no strong evidence of a long-term cointegrating relationship among the variables. However, the Granger causality test, based on an unrestricted VAR model with

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18

Basarir, Çagatay, and Mehmet Emin Erçakar. "An Analysis of the Relationship between Crude Oil Prices, Current Account Deficit and Exchange Rates: Turkish Experiment." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 11 (2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n11p48.

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In this study, the effect of raw oil prices and exchange rates on current account deficit of the Turkish Economy has been examined by investigating the short and long run relationship between the current account deficit of the Turkish Economy, raw oil prices (Brent oil prices) and exchange rates (USD/TRY). The Monthly Data between December 1991 and January 2016 were used in the study. The relationships between the variables were tested with the VAR (Vector Auto Regressive) Model. None of the series was found stable after the unit root tests, but it was observed that all the variables became st

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19

Gochoco-Bautista, Maria Socorro. "An Assessment of the Usefulness of Money for Policy in the Philippines." Asian Economic Papers 5, no. 1 (2006): 142–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2006.5.1.142.

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This study assesses the usefulness of money for policy in the Philippines. The basic idea behind the use of monetary aggregates for policy is that observed fluctuations in money anticipate movements in the ultimate objective of monetary policy, such as inflation control. The paper examines the stability of key empirical relationships, including the behavior of velocity and the presence of cointegrating relationships among money and variables of interest to policymakers. In general, results indicate that the stability of velocity and the presence of cointegrating relationships lend some limited

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20

Jesson, Rey F. Sabado, Rose R. Tagalog Jezyl, L. Sarmiento Ellieza, and B. Gaquit Arabella. "The Effects of Government Borrowing to Investment Growth of the Country." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 07, no. 02 (2024): 1273–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10695251.

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Government borrowing has emerged as one significant method that helps in mobilization of resources for economic growth especially in emerging economics. Most governments in developing economies resort to borrowing as a way of financing budget deficit. This paper identifies the effects of government borrowing to investment growth in the Philippines. Specifically, it presented the trend of gross domestic product, internal debt, and external debt from 1990-2020. The study used Johansen Co-integration, Granger Causality, and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to analyze this study. Johansen’

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21

Ogbanje, Elaigwu Christopher and Ihemezie, Eberechukwu Johnpaul. "IMPACT OF BROAD MONEY AND EXCHANGE RATE ON AGRICULTURAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: AN UNRESTRICTED VAR MODEL APPROACH." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, no. 4 (2021): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i4.262.

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Expansionary monetary policy is a major driver of economic changes via money supply. Broad money, which represents total money supply in an economy, has several economic impacts. The study examines the impact of broad money (MS2) and exchange rate (XR) on agricultural gross domestic product (AGDP) in Nigeria. Secondary data from 1981 to 2018were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Johansen Co-integration test and Vector Autoregression model were employed. Broad money had a large coefficient of variation. Variables were stationary at the f

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22

Inuwa, Abdulrazak, Mohammed A. M. Usman, and Abdullahi Jauro Mohammed. "An Analysis of the Effect of Naira Devaluation on Nigerian Balance Of Trade." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijefm.v8.no1.2023.pg1.29.

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This study investigates the effect of naira devaluation on Nigerian balance of trade using time series data from 1986 to 2021. The study examined the long run and short-run equilibrium relationship between devaluation and trade balance over the study period. The study used unrestricted Vector Auto Regression (VAR), Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) technique in the analysis of data. The variables currency devaluation (CDV), Export rate (EXPT), Import rate (IMPT) and Trade balance are found to be 1(1) variables, while Interest rate (INTR) is found to be 1(0) variables.

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23

Oyeleke, Olusola Joel, and Monica Adele Orisadare. "Relative Importance of Public Debts and Money Growth on Inflation in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 7 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n7p99.

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This paper investigates the relative importance of public debts and money growth on inflation in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. Annual secondary data collected from World Development Indicators were used for the analysis. After examining the behaviour of the time series, Unrestricted Vector Autoregressive (VAR) technique of estimation is employed with a view to determining whether inflation is a monetary or fiscal phenomenon in Nigeria. The results show that, both in the short and long run, public debts accounts for a sizeable percentage in the variation of inflation rather than growth in monetary

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Gyamerah, Samuel Asante, Bright Emmanuel Owusu, and and Ellis Kofi Akwaa-Sekyi. "Modelling the mean and volatility spillover between green bond market and renewable energy stock market." Green Finance 4, no. 3 (2022): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2022015.

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<abstract><p>In this paper,we investigate the mean and volatility spillover between the price of green bonds and the price of renewable energy stocks using daily price series from 02/11/2011 to 31/08/2021. The unrestricted trivariate VAR-BEKK-GARCH model is employed to examine potential causality,mean,and volatility spillover effects from the green bond market to the renewable energy stock market and vice-versa. The results from the VAR-BEKK-GARCH model indicate that there exists a uni-directional Granger causality from renewable energy stock prices to green bond prices. While the

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Li, Xiangfa, Zhe Zhang, Weixian Xue, and Hua Wang. "The Effects of Household Debt and Oil Price Shocks on Economic Growth in the Shadow of the Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215140.

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In a sample of 34 countries during 1965Q2 to 2021Q3, this paper offers an empirical analysis of how household debt and oil price shocks influence economic growth in the shadow of the pandemic. We exploit the quarter lags inherent in the response of debt and the oil price to output to pin down the relationship between household debt, the oil price, and economic growth in an unrestricted panel VAR model. We find that household debt has a short-term positive impact on economic growth, and this impact is lagged, while oil price shocks have a negative effect on economic growth. Pandemic uncertainty

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26

IGWE LAZARUS ONYEBUCHI, IGWE LAZARUS ONYEBUCHI. "Credit Supply Shocks and Macroeconomics Dynamics in Nigeria." Journal of Research in Business and Management 13, no. 5 (2025): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.35629/3002-13059398.

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The impact of credit supply shocks on macroeconomic dynamics have generated a lot of interest among macroeconomist over the years. This study investigates the response of real gross domestic product, monetary policy rate and consumer price index to shocks in credit supply in Nigeria. Quarterly data ranging from 1984 to 2022 was employed to estimate the specified model. An unrestricted VAR model was employed to capture the objectives of the study and the resulting impulse response was calibrated. Evidence from the impulse response indicate that shocks to credit supply negatively affects real GD

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Lazarus Onyebuchi, Mr IGWE, and Prof Barr C. U Ugwuanyi. "Credit Supply Shocks and Macroeconomics Dynamics in Nigeria." Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences 11, no. 6 (2025): 20–25. https://doi.org/10.35629/2532-11062025.

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The impact of credit supply shocks on macroeconomic dynamics have generated a lot of interest among macroeconomist over the years. This study investigates the response of real gross domestic product, monetary policy rate and consumer price index to shocks in credit supply in Nigeria. Quarterly data ranging from 1984 to 2022 was employed to estimate the specified model. An unrestricted VAR model was employed to capture the objectives of the study and the resulting impulse response was calibrated. Evidence from the impulse response indicate that shocks to credit supply negatively affects real GD

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28

Ogneru, Victor, Oana Mădălina Popescu, and Stelian Stancu. "Relationship between VAT Revenue and Intermediate Consumption - A VAR Approach." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (2019): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0031.

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Abstract The paper analyzes the relationship between value added tax revenue and intermediate consumption in the case of Romania in the period January 2007 – September 2018 (quarterly data), using an unrestricted Vector Autoregression Model based on the rate of dynamic taxation’s level (in terms of value added tax revenue) and the rate of dynamic intermediate consumption. In literature, is questioned only the relationship between tax revenue and gross domestic product. Our study emphasizes the link between tax revenue and parts of the own tax base. The relationship is questioned in both direct

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29

Althaqafi, Mohammad. "The Impact of Natural Gas Prices on Electricity Tariffs in the UK." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 2 (2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13908.

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The study was conducted to know the impact of natural gas prices on electricity tariffs in the UK. Although the United Kingdom doesn’t rely directly on Russian gas supplies, still, we are acutely vulnerable to the energy catastrophe that has resulted from the invasion of Ukraine. The UK is part of the European Union and that is a reason the UK energy tariff and natural gas prices are closely connected to the EU. The literature review will elaborate more on the impact of the natural gas price on electricity tariffs in the UK by using an unrestricted vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The histor

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Mahmud, Ashique, and Ataul Gani Osmani. "Investigating the relationship between CO2 emission and industrial production of bangladesh through the unrestricted vector auto regression methods." Journal of Management and Science 11, no. 2 (2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.11.11.

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Industrial production units discharge large amounts of CO2 as manufacturing facilities directly use fossil fuels and more electricity than any other sector. Although the per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in the developing countries, this study is aimed at analyzing the long-run association between CO2 emissions and industrial production in Bangladesh using an Unrestricted Vector Auto Regression approach. For this purpose, the study uses secondary data for the periods of 1960 to 2016 from world development indicators. The variabl

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Umaru, Shehu, and Sunday Gandu. "IMPACT OF CAPITAL FLIGHT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Operational Research in Management, Social Sciences, and Education 8, no. 1 (2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijormsse.v8.i1.02.

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Capital flight has continued to generate debate across the world. Most developing countries Nigeria in particular are having their own share of the problem. This are burning issues regarding its actual measurement and direction of flow. This study is set to examine the effect of capital flight on economic development in Nigeria from 1980 to 2020. Due to the stochastic nature of time series data, diagnostic tests were conducted to ascertain the behavior of the series. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) test results are reported. Based on these tests, the all the variables

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Bede Okeoma, OKOYE, and OBI Kenneth Onyebuchi. "Nexus between Public Debts, Poverty and Unemployment Rates in Nigeria: A Vector AutoRegression (VAR) Approach." International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research 04, no. 06 (2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijmsssr.2022.4532.

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Notwithstanding the upsurge in public debts, it is absurd and worrisome to note that socioeconomic indicators like poverty and unemployment have shown gloomy pictures in Nigeria. The absurd situation makes it unclear on the precise nexus between public debts and unemployment rate on the one hand and poverty rate on the other hand. Consequently, this paper analysed the nexus between public debts, poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Secondary data of public debts (measured by internal and external debts), poverty and unemployment rates were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical

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Abubakar, Alhassan, and Salifu Arogba Sunday. "Effect of Irvingia gabonensis var. wombolu kernel powder and oil on serum protein profile and enzymatic activities of Wistar albino rat." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 2 (2022): 172–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7652776.

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<em>Irvingia gabonensis </em>Kernel powder and the oil extracts (±testa) were mixed with commercial animal feed (50:50)and fed to groups of animals. Animals in groups A and B were fed with the powder at an equivalent concentration of 67mg/kg body weightwhile those in groups C and D were fed with the equivalent4ml of the oil extract in the mixture. Animals in group E, the control, were fed on the commercial feed only. All the animals were fed in an aluminum cage for 21 days and sacrificed the following day. Blood from the jugular vein was collected in universal bottles and used for

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Avram, Alexandru, Flavia Maria Barna, Miruna Lucia Năchescu, Costin Daniel Avram, and Roxana Loredana Avram. "Responsible Governance and the Sustainability of Populist Public Policies. The Implications of Wage-Led Growth Strategy in Romania." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072975.

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In the present paper, we focus on the macroeconomic implications of the populist public policies and in particular on the effects of wage led growth strategy, which started to be applied in Romania from January 2017. Such a study is important as a practical example of applying this particular wage related public policy and sets the premises for analyzing its sustainability and its macroeconomic implications and costs. For analyzing the implications of the wage-led growth strategy upon the sustainability of macroeconomic variables, we have used an unrestricted VAR (vector auto regressive) and c

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Huo, Teles, and Miguel St. Aubyn. "Electricity, Exergy and Economic Growth in Mozambique." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 4 (2022): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13245.

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Electricity consumption and economic growth attracted the attention of researchers in several countries. Mozambique have few studies on this matter and non-related to useful exergy. This paper analyses the relationship between final electricity consumption, useful exergy and economic growth in Mozambique, from 1971 to 2014. The final electricity consumption data are expressed in GWh, from International Energy Agency database, which for Mozambique (until the date of writing) cover the period from 1971 to 2014. For this analysis an unrestricted VAR models were estimated to capture different type

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Usman, Mohammed A. M., Bawuro Mohammed Buba, Nuru Mohammed Arabo, and Adamu Jibrilla. "Analysis of the Impact of Remittance Inflows on Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 7, no. 5 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijefm.v7.no5.2022.pg1.20.

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This study investigated the impact of remittances on economic growth of Nigeria using time series data from 1986 to 2018 by examining the long -run and short-run equilibrium relationship between remittances and economic growth. The study used unrestricted Vector Auto regression (VAR), granger causality, Auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL), impulse response function and variance decomposition. The result of ARDL bound test, indicates the existence of long-run equilibrium relationship between remittance inflows and economic growth in Nigeria. The impulse response function, as well as varianc

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Azizi Kouchaksaraei, Meysam, Hamed Movahedizadeh, and Hoda Mohammadalikhani. "Determinant of the Relationship between Natural Gas Prices and Leading Natural Gas Countries’ Stock Exchange." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (2016): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p246.

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<p>Over the recent decades, natural sources of energy have become an interesting topic to investigate for researchers. Sources of energy play a crucial role in all industrial segments such as export revenue, exchange rate and stock market. One of the major sources is natural gas which its price affects many countries’ economy. This paper investigates the effect of natural gas price on the three leading natural gas exporting countries’ stock market: Russia, Norway and Qatar. This paper employs monthly data observations including natural gas price and stock exchange market index on Russia,

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Kamisan, Nur Arina Bazilah, Siti Mariam Norrulashikin, Kamaruzaman Mohamed, Nur Amirah Buliah, and Zainuddin Ahmad. "Malaysia’s Development Expenditure Effects on Gross Domestic Product by Using VECM Approach." Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 6, no. 2 (2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.22452/josma.vol6no2.3.

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The provision of public goods and services to citizens is a significant responsibility of the government. The products include schools, hospitals, roads, and other infrastructure. This investment is essential to stimulate economic growth, create job opportunities, and improve living standards. The effect of development spending on economic growth has been shown in a significant amount of existing literature. However, there are still various opinions on the impact level of development spending on economic growth. Therefore, the goal of our research is to investigate the link between Malaysia's

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Tumaini, J. W., and K. M. Bwana. "Export And Economic Growth in Tanzania: Co-Integration and Causality Analysis." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 11, no. 1 (2025): 814–24. https://doi.org/10.26437/ajar.v11i1.883.

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Purpose: This study examines the co-integration and causal relationship between exports and economic growth in Tanzania using time series data from 1998 to 2018. Design/Methodology/Approach: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was employed to measure economic growth, while exports of all products (from agricultural, industrial, and mineral products) were extracted from country trade statistics and employed as the independent variables. Data analysis was done after some tests, such as stationary tests, co-integration, regression analysis, and Granger causality. The stationary test result suggested usi

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Siminica, Marian, Marioara Avram, Luminița Popescu, and Roxana Loredana Avram. "The Adoption of National Green Procurement Plans from the Perspective of Circular Economy." Amfiteatru Economic 22, no. 53 (2020): 15–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13365990.

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The tendency of depletion of non-renewable resources and the environment's continuous degradation have been considered in the last centuries acceptable as side effects for achieving the economic growth and satisfying the human needs in the conditions of demographic growth following an upward trend. An adequate response to all these challenges is related to increasing the share of green GDP in total GDP, to green procurement and to the large-scale promotion of circular economy. At EU level, there are appropriate legislation and programs and packages aimed at implementing green procurement and t

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Garba, M., M. A. Dandago, E. C. Igwe, and K. D. Salami. "A review on microbiological safety of Ready-To-Eat Salads." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7, no. 4a (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v7i4a.4.

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Eating of road side ready-to-eat (RTE) salads that is made with green leafy vegetables (GLVs) commonly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) or Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.) as the key constituents coupled with adding tomatoes, sliced onions, cucumber, groundnut cake and so on has been reported to cause severe safety threats owing to its being extremely disposed to microbiologically inclined contamination, thereby leading to a public health issue. Pathogenic microorganisms pollute salads as a result of mishandling of raw vegetables, during preparation of salad

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Ugwu, Ephraim, and Emma-Ebere Obiajulu. "AN INTERACTION BETWEEN MONETARY POLICY, COMMODITY PRICES AND INFLATION IN NIGERIA, 1980-2015." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 3, no. 1 (2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe032.

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This study evaluates the interaction between monetary policy, commodity prices and inflation in Nigeria using an unrestricted Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model and Cointegration test approaches from1980 to 2015. The study utilizes data on monetary policy rate (MPR), commodity product export (CPE), rate of inflation (INF), industrial production (INDP) and oil price (OILP) for analysis. The descriptive statistics result for the variables under consideration indicates that all the variables have positive mean values with 36 observations. The Unit root test result indicates that all the variables

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Myint, Theingi, and Siegfried Bauer. "Market Integration and Price Causality in the Myanmar Rice Market." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 7, no. 2 (2010): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2010.7.2.6.

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In Myanmar, rice is an invaluable commodity both as a staple food and a source of high foreign exchange earnings through export. The country's agricultural economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a market system since the late 1980s; however, the government has yet to engage in full-scale rice export deregulation. Therefore, Myanmar's rice marketing system works within the boundaries and limitations of a halfway-liberalized economy, inevitably eliciting questions about its performance. Using the Engle and Granger two-step co-integration method and the restructured Ravallion mo

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Hapka, Michał, Piotr S. Żuchowski, Małgorzata M. Szczęśniak, and Grzegorz Chałasiński. "Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory based on unrestricted Kohn-Sham orbitals for high-spin open-shell van der Waals complexes." Journal of Chemical Physics 137, no. 16 (2012): 164104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4758455.

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Chareonsirisuthigul, Takol, Siripen Kalayanarooj, and Sukathida Ubol. "Dengue virus (DENV) antibody-dependent enhancement of infection upregulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but suppresses anti-DENV free radical and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in THP-1 cells." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 2 (2007): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82537-0.

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The immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome is thought to be mediated by a variety of host factors. Enhancing antibodies are one of the key regulating molecules. These antibodies, via antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, are able to facilitate dengue virus (DENV) growth in Fc-bearing host cells. The mechanism of ADE-enhanced DENV production is believed to be mediated through increasing the infected-cell mass. In the present work, the effect of ADE infection was explored further, focusing on the post-entry events of ADE infection. It was hypothesi

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Scheltiens, Vincent. "De zomer van 1917 in context." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 77, no. 3 (2019): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v77i3.15685.

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De zomer van 1917 was er één van belangrijke internationale en nationale politieke en militaire gebeurtenissen, maar ook het moment waarop aan het IJzerfront Vlaamse soldaten zich manifesteerden en de spanningen met de politieke en militaire hiërarchieën een hoogtepunt bereikten. Alveringem en de figuur van onderpastoor Cyriel Verschaeve stonden hierin centraal.De aankomst eind juni van de eerste Noord-Amerikaanse troepen in Europa gaf de Eerste Wereldoorlog wellicht een beslissende wending. In Duitsland deed zich een wissel van de macht voor. Met de ontketening van een totale onderzeese oorlo

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Sonneveld, Pieter, Christof Scheid, Bronno van der Holt, et al. "Bortezomib Induction and Maintenance Treatment Improves Survival In Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma:Extended Follow-Up Of The HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4 Trial." Blood 122, no. 21 (2013): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.404.404.

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Abstract Background We investigated if bortezomib during induction and maintenance improves survival in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM). Methods 827 eligible patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM were randomized to receive induction therapy with VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; n=414) or PAD (bortezomib, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; n=413) followed by high-dose melphalan (HDM) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Maintenance consisted of daily thalidomide 50 mg (VAD) or 2-weekly bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 i.v. (PAD) for 2 years. The primary analysis was progression-fr

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Doumanoglou, Alexandros, David Griffin, Javier Serrano, et al. "Quality of Experience for 3-D Immersive Media Streaming." Transactions on Broadcasting 64, no. 2 (2018): 379–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2018.2823909.

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Recent advances in media capture and processing technologies have enabled new forms of true 3-D media content that increase the degree of user immersion. The demand for more engaging forms of entertainment means that content distributors and broadcasters need to fine-tune their delivery mechanisms over the Internet as well as develop new models for quantifying and predicting user experience of these new forms of content. In the work described in this paper, we undertake one of the first studies into the quality of experience (QoE) of real-time 3-D media content streamed to virtual reality (VR)

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Piyu Parth, Naik, and Lorenzo Martini. "A simple Van der Heijde’s Disease Activity Score to determine if a patient has contracted the new Nigerian variant or suffers from the Betcherew’s syndrome." Our Dermatology Online 12, e (2021): e64-e64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.2021e.64.

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Sir, A new strain of coronavirus first detected in Nigeria has made its way into the UK, with 32 cases reported. Eminent experts have warned the variant may prove resistant to all types of the vaccines. Coronavirus has undergone yet another mutation and this one has made its way on to UK soil from Nigeria. There are growing fears that the variant will evade vaccine antibodies after it was revealed it contains the 484K mutation to the spike protein. Last month, a Nigerian scientist suggested the variant may cause more severe signs and symptoms [1–3]. It has been affirmed that the variants disco

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Rodríguez, Sara, Cirino Botta, Jon Celay, et al. "Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) Is Preceded By Clonal Lymphopoiesis Including MYD88 L265P in Progenitor B Cells." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126889.

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Background: Although MYD88 L265P is highly frequent in WM, by itself is insufficient to explain disease progression since most cases with IgM MGUS also have mutated MYD88. In fact, the percentage of MYD88 L265P in CD19+ cells isolated from WM patients is typically &lt;100%, which questions if this mutation initiates the formation of B-cell clones. Furthermore, a few WM patients have detectable MYD88 L265P in total bone marrow (BM) cells and not in CD19+ selected B cells, raising the possibility that other hematopoietic cells carry the MYD88 mutation. However, no one has investigated if the

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