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1
Muir, Neil. "Unusual and 'disfavoured' cyclisations." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416195.
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Luke, David John. "MULTIRACIAL CHURCHES: AN UNUSUAL ARRANGEMENT." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/sociology_etds/5.
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It is commonly said that 11:00 A.M. Sunday morning is the most segregated hour in America. The contact theory explains how interracial contact can help to ameliorate racism - and this type of interaction can easily be fostered in a church environment. Durkheim's idea of the "collective effervescence" felt in ritual experiences would be beneficial for crossing racial lines and improving race relations in the U.S. in multiracial churches. A great deal of recent sociological work has focused on the phenomenon of church segregation on a nationwide scale. This paper compares characteristics found in nationwide religious congregation surveys and case studies to the 2007 Kent County Congregations Survey to identify particularities in the Kent County region and scrutinize the previously identified characteristics and developing theories on multiracial congregations. In Kent County, the common characteristics of multiracial churches are being in an urban location (as opposed to a suburban or rural location), and having a higher percentage of theologically liberal members (for congregations less than 20 years old). Implications and suggestions for further research follow.
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Webb, S. "Unusual effects in particle diffraction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234226.
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Laganis, C. R. "Pathways to unusual sensory perceptions." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3008832/.
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Taylor, J. "Exploring experiences of unusual beliefs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3022864/.
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Boháč, Ivo. "ZOO stavby - architektektura jako okno do přírody Pavilony ekosystémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233269.
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Today’s ZOO is varied mosaic of buildings and elements in the whole typological scale. Czech republic is country with affluent history and proceeded structure today‘s zoological gardens and parcs. But comprehensive draft view of solue problems is missing. This thesis has next basic objectives: Carry out value historical development of coexistence man and animals, constructions of ZOO gardens and today’s condition. a) apply systematical categorization of ZOO buildings with accent for complex expositions of ecosystems pavilions. b) analyse basic today’s principles of design ZOO buildings with a view to pavilions of ecosystems. c) produce comprehensive document like data for architectural practice and for education of new architect – specialist. This paper will serve for education too. That is why presentation of describe principles on the real example from own practice and on the school designs from my classes is attach. The basic task, which follow from objective of the thesis, is definition of principles for design of ecosystems pavilions, like top representative of ZOO exposition buildings. It is definition of basic character, description of general and specific principles above all.
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Peppe, Salvatore. "Some unusual, astronomically significant organic molecules." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php4241.pdf.
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Appendix inside back cover. "June 2002" Bibliography: leaves 157-168. Experimental and theoretical studies were carried out on a number of unusual organic molecules of potential astronomical significance. The experimental work was corroborated by various theoretical approaches and by utilising computer-based quantum chemical calculations. Various covalently bound, anionic and neutral oxocarbon species were formed and studied. Additionally, two analogous heterocumulenic systems were investigated. Some isomers of either system, when energised, were shown to undergo gas-phase rearrangement processes.
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Weston, Christopher John. "The unusual transhydrogenase of Entamoeba histolytica." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246700.
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Thompsett, Andrew Robert. "The coordination chemistry of unusual alkynes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302650.
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Mead, Philip John. "Synthesis and characterisation of unusual sodalites." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243076.
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O'Connell, Donal Wise Mark B. Wise Mark B. "Unusual signs in quantum field theory /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05242007-141715.
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Gullin, Samuel. "What powered the unusual supernova iPTF15eov?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170299.
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Dordick, Jonathan Seth. "Unusual catalytic properties of horseradish peroxidase." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16488.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Biological Sciences, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE
Bibliography: leaves 217-231.
by Jonathan Seth Dordick.
Ph.D.
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Hall, Christopher W. "Unusually substituted fluoroheterocycles." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5419/.
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The research described in this thesis may be divided into five areas:1, Direct reduction methods involving reactions of pentafluoropyridine with metal hydrides were investigated in order to gain access to unusually substituted fluoro heterocycles. For example, 2,3,5-trifluoropyridine (7) was obtained by reaction of pentafluoropyridine with lithium aluminium hydride.2, The synthesis of a variety of unusually substituted fluoro heterocycles has been achieved via indirect reduction methods. For example, pentafluoropyridine was converted into 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine (11), which, following catalytic hydrogenolysis, gave 3,5-difluoropyridine (5). This chemistry was applied to the pyrimidine and quinoxaline ring systems.3, Reactions of the bromo fluoro heterocycles with a variety of nucleophiles gave fascinating results: hard nucleophiles such as sodium methoxide reacted with 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine (11) giving exclusive displacement of fluorine, whilst soft nucleophiles such as sodium thiophenoxide displaced bromine.4, Palladium mediated coupling reactions of the bromo fluoro heterocycles with alkynes proceeded with ease. The reaction of (11) gave fascinating results with the 2- and 6- position reacting in preference to the 4- position. Also, lithium-bromine exchange of (11) with butyl lithium afforded a stable 4-lithio pyridine derivative.5, As part of a strategy aimed at synthesising energetic materials, the reactions of 3,5-difluoro-4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (35a) and 3,5-dichloro-4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (36) with ammonia were compared. Interestingly, (35a) gave exclusive displacement of fluorine, whilst (36) gave exclusive displacement of the nitro group. Therefore, the relative order of mobility for this system was found to be F > NO(_2) > CI, which is entirely consistent with established data.
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Yakubu, Davis Eleshin. "Characterisation of some unusual adhesins of enterobacteriaceae." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569906.
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Staisch, Ingrid. "Atom transfer radical polymerisation of unusual monomers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49751.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Controlled free radical polymerisation techniques offer several practical and theoretical advantages compared to many other polymerisation techniques. Living polymerisation techniques such as anionic polymerisations require the total exclusion of impurities such as oxygen and moisture. Controlled free radical polymerisations, however, do not require such stringent methods of practice. This is very advantageous for industrial purposes. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) is a form of a controlled/living free radical polymerisation technique by which one is able to synthesize controlled architectural structures and predetermine the molecular weights of macromolecules. The monomers that were investigated for this research project include methyl methacrylate (MMA), 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA). The latter two monomers (4VP and LMA) are not commonly used in ATRP-mediated reactions. The synthesis of block copolymers ofMMA and LMA were attempted. The homopolymerisation of 4VP did not give the control expected when polymerising by means of ATRP. This prompted an investigation into possible side reactions that could take place with 4VP in this specific ATRP system. This included possible quatemization of 4VP with the alkyl halide initiator species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beheerde vrye-radikaalpolimerisasietegnieke bied verskeie praktiese en teoretiese voordele bo verskeie ander vrye-radikaalpolimerisasietegnieke. Lewende polimerisasietegnieke soos anioniese polimerisasie, vereis die totale uitsluiting van onsuiwerhede soos suurstof en water. Beheerde vrye-radikaalpolimerisasies vereis egter nie sulke streng reaksiekondisies nie. Hierdie is baie voordelig vir industriële doeleindes. Atoomoordragradikaalpolimerisasie (ATRP) is 'n tipe beheerde/lewende vryeradikaalpolimerisasietegniek wat dit moontlik maak om die samestelling en struktuur van makromolekules asook die molekulêre massa presies te beheer. In hierdie studie is die monomere metielmetakrilaat (MMA), 4-vinielpiridien (4VP) en laurielmetakrilaat (LMA) bestudeer. Laasgenoemde twee monomere (4VP en LMA) word beskou as ongewone monomere om in ATRP-sisteme te gebruik. Daar is gepoog om blok kopolimere van MMA en LMA te sintetiseer. Die homopolimerisasie van 4VP het minder beheer gelewer as wat by beheerde vrye-radikaal sisteme soos hierdie verwag word. Na aanleiding van hierdie resultate is 'n ondersoek geloods om die moontlike newereaksies van 4VP in hierdie spesifieke ATRP-sisteem te ondersoek. Daar is gepoog om te bewys dat die alkielchloriedinisieerder verdwyn deur kwatemisasie met 4VP.
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Irfanullah, Haseeb Muhammad. "Comparative studies on two unusual shallow lakes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408561.
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James, Elizabeth I. "Intermittent waves of unusual size and force." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/jamese/elizabethjames.pdf.
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Basit, Nedah. "Distressing unusual experiences, childhood adversity and affect." Thesis, University of East London, 2017. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6819/.
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Background: Developing a better psychological understanding of unusual experiences (UEs) in a child and adolescent population has become an important area of research. Presently, much of our understanding of UEs has derived from psychological models of psychosis in adults. There is now a robust evidence-base supporting the relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and psychosis in adulthood, and researchers have begun to study the psychological processes involved in this relationship. Importantly, associated psychological processes appear to differ according to the type of experience, suggesting targeted approaches for therapy development. Research is needed to test these associations, and the potential applicability of theory and therapies, in children and young people. Aims: This study aimed to investigate specific associations between CA and distressing paranoia, voice-hearing, and visual experiences in a child and adolescent population, and consider the role of negative affect, schemas, and dissociative experiences as mediating components within this association. Method: A cross-sectional design, using secondary data analysis was adopted. A total sample of 249 participants, aged 8-18 years, from community and inpatient Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) was comprised of three smaller, original studies which had also investigated alternative psycho-social correlates of UEs. Participants completed self-report questionnaires which measured UEs, previous experiences of adversity, negative affect, beliefs about oneself and others, and dissociative experiences. Hypothesised associations and mediating relationships were tested using correlational, between groups, and regression analyses. Results: The presence of more than one adverse experience was associated with severity of paranoia, negative affect, and negative self-evaluations. In line with hypotheses, negative affect and negative self-beliefs partially mediated the relationship between CA and distressing paranoia, and paranoia was not associated with dissociation. Contrary to hypotheses, CA was not independently associated with voice-hearing, visual experiences or dissociative experiences. Both voice-hearing and visual experiences were independently associated with negative affect, negative self-evaluations, and dissociative experiences. Discussion: The findings support the application of adult models of paranoia and interventions that target adverse experiences, negative affect and enhance positive self-beliefs in childhood. The application of adult models of voice-hearing and visual experiences was not supported and requires further investigation. Future directions for research and clinical implications for both services and broader social initiatives are discussed.
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Kasliwal, Mansi M., John Bally, Frank Masci, Ann Marie Cody, Howard E. Bond, Jacob E. Jencson, Samaporn Tinyanont, et al. "SPIRITS: Uncovering Unusual Infrared Transients with Spitzer." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624045.
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We present an ongoing, five-year systematic search for extragalactic infrared transients, dubbed SPIRITS-SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey. In the first year, using Spitzer/IRAC, we searched 190 nearby galaxies with cadence baselines of one month and six months. We discovered over 1958 variables and 43 transients. Here, we describe the survey design and highlight 14 unusual infrared transients with no optical counterparts to deep limits, which we refer to as SPRITEs (eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events). SPRITEs are in the infrared luminosity gap between novae and supernovae, with [4.5] absolute magnitudes between -11 and -14 (Vega-mag) and [3.6]-[4.5] colors between 0.3 mag and 1.6 mag. The photometric evolution of SPRITEs is diverse, ranging from < 0.1 mag yr(-1) to > 7 mag yr(-1). SPRITEs occur in star-forming galaxies. We present an indepth study of one of them, SPIRITS 14ajc in Messier 83, which shows shock-excited molecular hydrogen emission. This shock may have been triggered by the dynamic decay of a non-hierarchical system of massive stars that led to either the formation of a binary or a protostellar merger.
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Morin, Matthew L., and Giles W. Becker. "An unusual variant of perilunate fracture dislocations." TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625400.
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Trans-scaphoid, trans-radial styloid, trans-triquetral perilunate fracture dislocations are rare. We describe a 19-year-old male who suffered this injury after crashing his bicycle. He underwent open reduction internal fixation and percutaneous pinning. Scaphoid union was achieved at 8 weeks. Near complete range of painless motion was achieved by 4 months.
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Bond, Jade. "The Chemistry of Extrasolar Planetary Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194946.
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This work examines the chemical nature of extrasolar planetary systems, considering both the host star and any potential terrestrial planets located within the system. Extrasolar planetary host stars are found to be enriched over non-host stars in several r- and s-process elements. These enrichments, however, are in keeping with general galactic chemical evolution trends. This implies that host stars have not experienced any unusual chemical processing or pollution and that the observed enrichments are primordial in nature.When combined with detailed chemical models, the dynamical models of O'Brien et al. (2006) are found to produce terrestrial planets with bulk elemental abundances in excellent agreement with observed planetary values. This clearly indicates that the combination of dynamical and chemical modeling applied here is successfully reproducing the terrestrial planets of the Solar System to the first order. Furthermore, these planets are found to form with a considerable amount of water, negating the need for large amounts of exogenous delivery. Little dependence on the orbital properties of Jupiter and Saturn is observed for the main rock-forming elements due to the largely homogenous disk composition calculated.The same modeling approach is applied to known extrasolar planetary systems. Terrestrial planets were found to be ubiquitous, forming in all simulations. Generally, small (< 1ML) terrestrial planets are produced close to their host star with little radial mixing occurring. Planetary compositions are found to be diverse, ranging from Earth-like to refractory dominated and C-dominated, containing significant amounts of carbide material. Based on these simulations, stars with Solar elemental ratios are the best place to focus future Earth-like planet searches as these systems are found to produce the most Earthlike terrestrial planets which are located within the habitable zones of their systems and containing a significant amount of water. C-rich planets, although unusual, are expected to exist in >20% of known extrasolar planetary systems based on their host star photospheric compositions. These planets are unlike any body we have previously observed and provide an exciting avenue for future observation and simulation.
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Caimari, Palou Francisca. "Pituitary disease in the context of unusual situations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669456.
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El síndrome de Cushing (SC) y los adenomas hipofisarios aislados familiares (FIPA, del inglés familial isolated pituitary adenomas), son enfermedades raras que afectan a menos de 1-9 casos/100.000 habitantes. El embarazo en mujeres que han sido diagnosticadas con SC es extremadamente infrecuente y, tanto su diagnóstico como el tratamiento, suponen un verdadero reto médico. La dificultad del diagnóstico recae principalmente en la similitud de los síntomas del SC y del embarazo y en la complejidad de la interpretación de las pruebas diagnósticas en este contexto. La etiología del SC en estas pacientes difiere de aquellos pacientes con SC en la población general, pues en el primer grupo el orígen suprarrenal es la causa más frecuente que se da en hasta el 60% de los casos. No existe un consenso en cuanto al tratamiento más efectivo para mejorar el pronóstico materno y fetal, ya que hasta el momento no existen estudios que comparen las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento del SC durante el embarazo.
Por otro lado, los tumores hipofisarios clínicamente relevantes, diagnosticados en la infancia, son también una condición médica infrecuente. Estos casos a menudo se dan junto con mutaciones germinales que predisponen al desarrollo de tumores hipofisarios, habitualmente en un marco familiar, como, por ejemplo, ocurre en los síndromes clásicos como la neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1 o 4, así como FIPA, una condición heterogénea de pacientes que incluye a aquellos sin causa genética conocida, a pacientes con mutaciones en AIP y al acrogigantismo ligado al cromosoma X, todas ellas siendo una causa frecuente de gigantismo de origen hipofisario.
Esta tesis comprende dos estudios. El primero tiene el objetivo de investigar si la etiología del SC durante el embarazo constituye un impacto diferente en el pronóstico fetal y materno. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de los casos publicados en la literatura entre enero de 1952 y abril de 2015, incluyendo las palabras “Cushing AND pregnancy”. Se incluyeron doscientos sesenta y tres embarazos de pacientes con SC activo durante el embarazo y pacientes con historia de SC curadas en el momento de la gestación. La causa principal de SC activo durante el embarazo fue el adenoma suprarrenal (44.1%). Aquellas mujeres con SC activo presentaron más complicaciones durante el embarazo en comparación con aquellas con SC curado, tales como diabetes gestacional, hipertensión y preeclampsia. El porcentaje de pérdida fetal fue mayor en aquellas pacientes con SC activo, en comparación con las curadas (23.7 vs 8.5%, p=0.021), así como la morbilidad global fetal (33.6 vs 4.9%, p<0.001). En comparación con otras causas de SC, las pacientes con diagnóstico de SC inducido por el embarazo presentaron más probemas durante la gestación y tuvieron peor pronóstico fetal. El diagnóstico de SC durante el embarazo también se asoció con mayor morbi-mortalidad fetal. Finalmente, tanto el tratamiento médico como el quirúrgico, demostraron ser efectivos frente a la mortalidad fetal.
El segundo estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar y validar una escala de riesgo para detectar pacientes con tumores hipofisarios portadores de mutaciones en el gen AIP. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva una cohorte internacional de 2227 sujetos entre el año 2007 y 2016, incluyendo pacientes con tumores hipofisarios (familiares y esporádicos) y sus familiares. 1405 pacientes tenían un tumor hipofisario, de los cuales un 43% con historia familiar, 55.5% eran somatotropinomas y 81.5% macroadenomas. Se detectaron mutaciones en AIP en 134 pacientes (9.5%). Se identificaron cuatro predictores independientes para la presencia de mutaciones en AIP, los cuales se utilizaron para el desarrollo de la escala de riesgo: la edad de aparición de síntomas, la historia familiar, los tumores hipofisarios secretores de hormona de crecimiento y la presencia de macroadenoma. Esta escala de riesgo clasifica a los pacientes en bajo riesgo (<5% riesgo de mutación en AIP), moderado- (5-19%) y alto riesgo (>20%). El estadístico ‘c’ obtenido (0.87) indica una excelente discriminación del modelo, el cual se evaluó mediante el método de validación interna, indicando la fiabilidad de la estimación del riesgo individual de portar una mutación en AIP.Cushing’s syndrome (CS) and familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA) are rare diseases, present in less than 1-9 cases/100.000 of the general population. Pregnancy in women with a diagnosis of CS is an extremely rare event and its diagnosis and treatment are a real medical challenge. The difficulties in diagnosis are related to the resemblance of symptoms of CS and those of pregnancy, and to the complex interpretation of the screening tests. Importantly, the etiology of CS in pregnancy differs from non-pregnant status as the adrenal origin is the most frequent in up to 60% of the cases. There is no consensus as to the most effective treatment in these circumstances in terms of improving maternal and fetal outcomes, as there are no studies comparing the different modalities of treatment for CS in pregnancy. On the other hand, clinically relevant pituitary tumors during childhood are also a rare medical condition. These cases can be related to germline mutations predisposing to pituitary tumorigenesis, often in a familial setting, including classical tumor predisposition syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or 4 syndromes, as well as FIPA, a heterogeneous condition of patients with unknown genetic cause, patients with mutation in AIP and X-linked acrogigantism, often leading to pituitary gigantism. This thesis is composed of two studies. The first study aimed to investigate whether the etiology of CS in pregnancy determined a different impact on the fetal/newborn and maternal outcomes. A systematic review of cases published in the literature was performed from January 1952 to April 2015 including the words “Cushing AND pregnancy”. Two-hundred and sixty-three pregnancies with active CS during pregnancy and with a history of CS, but treated and cured hypercortisolism at the time of gestation, were included in the study. Adrenal adenoma was the main cause of active CS during pregnancy (44.1%). Women with active CS had more pregnancy-related complications like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, than those with cured disease. The proportion of fetal loss in active CS was higher than in cured CS (23.7 vs 8.5%, p=0.021), as well as global fetal morbidity (33.6 vs 4.9%, p<0.001). Patients with active CS, especially in pregnancy-induced CS, experienced more problems in pregnancy and had the worst fetal prognosis in comparison to other causes. Diagnosis of CS during pregnancy was also associated with worse overall fetal morbimortality. Finally, both medical treatment and surgery during pregnancy appeared to be protective in avoiding fetal loss. The second study aimed to develop and validate a reliable risk category system for AIP mutations in patients with pituitary adenomas (PA). An international cohort of 2227 subjects were consecutively recruited between 2007 and 2016, including patients with PAs (familial and sporadic) and their relatives. 1405 patients had a pituitary tumor, of which 43% had a positive family history, 55.5% had somatotropinomas and 81.5% presented with macroadenoma. Overall, 134 patients had an AIP mutation (9.5%). Four independent predictors for the presence of an AIP mutation were identified and used to develop the risk category system: age of onset, family history, growth hormone excess tumor type and large tumor size. The risk category system classified patients into low-risk (<5% risk of AIP mutation), moderate- (5-19%) and high-risk (>20% risk). Excellent discrimination (c-statistic=0.87) and internal validation were achieved, indicating it can reliably estimate the individual risk of carrying an AIP mutation for a given patient.
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Bates, Katie. "Unusual reactivity of synthetic iron-sulfur based clusters." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492081.
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Adamo, Alessio. "Characterisation of unusual transcript classes in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505089.
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Fröhner, Michael, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Andreas Manseck, Sven Oehlschläger, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Unusual Semi-Spheric Perivesical Calcification after Pelvic Radiotherapy." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133912.
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An uncommon case with semi-spheric perivesical calcification after pelvic radiotherapy is reported and the possible pathogenesis of this phenomenon is discussedDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Ratnasinghe, Duminda D. "Unusual Structure of a Human Middle Repetitive DNA." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2767.
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The L2Hs sequences are a polymorphic, interspersed, middle repetitive DNA family unique to human genomes. Genomic fingerprinting indicates that these DNAs vary from one individual to another and between tissues of the same individual. Sequence analysis reveals that they are AT-rich (76%) and contain many unusual sequence arrangements (palindromes, inverted and direct repeats). These sequence properties confer on the L2Hs elements the potential to fold into non-B-form structures, a characteristic of recombination hot spots. To test this hypothesis carbodiimide, osmium tetroxide and S$\sb1$ nuclease were used as single-strand specific probes to study a recombinant plasmid, pN6.4.39, containing a single L2Hs segment. Different forms of the plasmid substrate were analyzed, including linear molecules and circular forms of low, intermediate and high superhelical densities. In addition, plasmid DNA in growing E. coli cells were analyzed. Modified plasmid DNA was analyzed by primer extension in a sequencing-type reaction format. These studies demonstrate that the L2Hs sequences: (1) assume non-B-form structures both in vitro and in vivo, (2) map to predicted cruciform structures, (3) behave as C-type extrusion sequences, and (4) that these unusual DNA structures are dependent on plasmid superhelicity.
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Wen, Dandan. "Metasurfaces for ultrathin optical devices with unusual functionalities." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3377.
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Metamaterials are artificial materials that are made from periodically arranged structures, showing properties that cannot be found in nature. The response of a metamaterial to the external field is defined by the geometry, orientation, and distribution of the artificial structures. Many groundbreaking discoveries, such as negative refraction, and super image resolution has been demonstrated based on metamaterials. Nevertheless, the difficulty in three-dimensional fabrication, especially when the operating band is located in the optical range, hinders their practical applications. As a two-dimensional counterpart, a metasurface consists of an array of planar optical antennas, which locally modify the properties of the scattered light. Metasurfaces do not require complicated three-dimensional nanofabrication techniques, and the complexity of the fabrication is greatly reduced. Also, the thickness of a metasurface can be deep subwavelength, making it possible to realize ultrathin devices. In this thesis, geometric metasurfaces are utilized to realize a series of optical devices with unusual functionalities. Phase gradient metasurface is used to split the incident light into left-handed polarized (LCP) and right-handed polarized (RCP) components, whose intensities can be used to determine the polarization state of the incident light. Then we propose a method to integrate two optical elements with different functionalities into a single metasurface device, and its overall performance is determined by the polarization of the incident light. After that, a helicity multiplexed metasurface hologram is demonstrated to reconstruct two images with high efficiency and broadband. The two images swap their positions with the helicity reversion of the incident light. Finally, a polarization rotator is presented, which can rotate the incident light to arbitrary polarization direction by using the non-chiral metasurface. The proposed metasurface devices may inspire the development of new optical devices, and expand the applications of metasurfaces in integrated optical systems.
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Fröhner, Michael, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Andreas Manseck, Sven Oehlschläger, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Unusual Semi-Spheric Perivesical Calcification after Pelvic Radiotherapy." Karger, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27548.
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An uncommon case with semi-spheric perivesical calcification after pelvic radiotherapy is reported and the possible pathogenesis of this phenomenon is discussed.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Jones, Hayley Elizabeth. "Modelling longitudinal performance indicators and identifying unusual performance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608771.
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Atchie, Mackenzie. "Dissociation/Schizotypy, Unusual Sleep Experiences, and Emotion Regulation." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10977852.
Full textAbstract:
Past research has indicated that dissociation and schizotypy are highly correlated (Merckelbach & Giesbrecht, 2006; Watson, 2001). Although somewhat controversial, some research has suggested that dissociation and schizotypy traits constitute a unique personality domain often referred to as "oddity" (Watson, Clark, & Chmielewski, 2008). Past research has provided evidence for a relationship between these oddity facets and unusual sleep experiences, such as narcolepsy symptoms and nightmares (Koffel & Watson, 2009). It has been suggested that "unusual cognitive and perceptual experiences" may be the common theme that connects these concepts (Watson, 2001). In addition to the connection between oddity and sleep experiences, some studies have examined the influence of sleep disturbance, namely insomnia, on emotion regulation (Palmer & Alfano, 2017). The relationship between emotion regulation and unusual sleep disturbances is an area that has yet to be explored in the existing literature. Furthermore, studies concerning the relationship between emotion regulation and oddity are scarce. Lastly, how oddity, emotion regulation, and unusual sleep disturbances relate to one another has yet to be defined. This study found that unusual sleep disturbances and dissociation / schizotypy had a significant relationship with suppression. Overall, this study adds to the existing literature by building a foundation for future researchers concerning the relationships between these variables.
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Nyoni, Dubekile. "Mechanistic studies of unusual Miruta-Baylis-Hillman reactions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006692.
Full textAbstract:
This study has focussed on the application of synthetic, kinetic and exploratory theoretical methods in elucidating the reaction mechanisms of four Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) type reactions, viz, i) the reactions of the disulfide 2,2'-dithiodibenzaldehyde with various activated alkenes in the presence of DBU and Ph₃P, ii) the reactions of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with MVK, iii) the reactions of chromone-2-carbaldehydes with acrylonitrile and iv) with methyl acrylate. Attention has also been given to the origin of the observed regioselectivity in Michaelis-Arbuzov reactions of 3-(halomethyl)coumarins. Cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur bond of aryl and heteroaryl disulfides by the nitrogen nucleophile DBU has been demonstrated, and a dramatic increase in the rate of tandem MBH and disulfide cleavage reactions of 2,2'-dithiodibenzaldehyde with the activated alkenes, MVK, EVK, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate has been achieved through the use of the dual organo-catalyst system, DBU-Ph₃P – an improvement accompanied by an increase in the yields of the isolated products. Detailed NMR-based kinetic studies have been conducted on the DBU-catalysed reactions of 2,2'-dithiodibenzaldehyde with MVK and methyl acrylate, and a theoretical kinetic model has been developed and complementary computational studies using Gaussian 03, at the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory have provided valuable insights into the mechanism of these complex transformations. Reactions of chromone-3-carbaldehydes with MVK to afford chromone dimers and tricyclic products have been repeated, and a novel, intermediate MBH adduct has been isolated. The mechanisms of the competing pathways have been elucidated by DFT calculations and the development of a detailed theoretical kinetic model has ensued. Unusual transformations in MBH-type reactions of chromone-2-carbaldehydes with acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate have been explored and the structures of the unexpected products have been established using 1- and 2-D NMR, HRMS and X-ray crystallographic techniques. Attention has also been given to the synthesis of 3-(halomethyl)coumarins via the MBH reaction, and their subsequent Michaelis-Arbuzov reactions with triethyl phosphite. An exploratory study of the kinetics of the phosphonation reaction has been undertaken and the regio-selectivity of nucleophilic attack at the 4- and 1'-positions in the 3-chloro- and 3-(iodomethyl)coumarins has been investigated by calculating Mulliken charges, LUMO surfaces and Fukui condensed local softness functions.
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Patel, Ankit, Yazan Alkawaleet, Mark Young, and Chakradhar Reddy. "Mesenteric panniculitis, an unusual presentation of abdominal pain." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/216.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:
Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare autoimmune disease that eventually evolves into fibrotic changes affecting the adipose tissue around the mesenteric vessels. It can present through a myriad of gastroenterological as well as constitutional symptoms including but not limited to abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea or vomiting. Although the exact etiology of the disease is yet to be determined, there are several predisposing factors the most common of which is history of previous abdominal trauma and/or surgery. This is a case report of abdominal mesenteric panniculitis that presented with abdominal pain in a middle-aged male with history of cholecystectomy.
Case Presentation:
The patient was a 53-year-old male with past medical history of hypertension who presented with a 2-week history of intolerance to food and liquids and abdominal pain, colicky in nature, radiating to both flanks with no alleviating or relieving factors. One year before, the patient had cholecystectomy due to biliary dyskinesia. His hospital stay at that time was complicated by biliary leak treated with biliary stenting. He later also developed multiloculated abscess collection in the gallbladder fossa that was managed with external drainage and IV antibiotics. In the ER his vital signs were as the following: BP between 120-130/70-80, HR 70s, temperature 97, oxygen saturation was more than 95%. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness in all four quadrants with no rigidity, rebound tenderness, masses or skin changes. CBC showed WBC of 7K with no shift to the left, hemoglobin of 15.6 and platelets of 107. CMP showed Na of 142, K 4.2, Chl 19, Glu 99, Ca 9.5, AG 18, lactic acid 1, lipase 50, phos 2.7, beta-hydroxybutyrate 0.12 and Mg of 1.9. urine analysis and Troponins were within normal limits. EKG showed sinus rhythm. Urine drug screen was negative. CRP and ESR were within normal limits. Porphyria workup was negative. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was 123. Ceroluplasmin level was 17. Actin antibody was negative as well as mitochondria M2 antibody. CT angiogram of the abdomen showed patent mesenteric vessels. However, fat stranding was noticed especially at the root of the mesenteric vessels. The patient was placed on prednisone 40mg once daily and tamoxifen. His abdominal pain greatly improved after 2 days. He was discharged with a prolonged prednisone taper. He was scheduled for an appointment with his primary care at discharge but didn’t show up and was lost to follow up.
Conclusion:
Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare cause of abdominal pain. it is divided based on histological features into sclerosing (retractile) mesenteritis, mesenteric panniculitis and mesenteric lipodystrophy. Diagnoses is usually rarely inferred from the clinical presentation and is often suggested by radiological features. Distinctive findings on CT include fat ring sign and pseudotumor capsule. Although radiological characteristics are helpful, histological proof is essential for definitive diagnosis, especially with an atypical clinical and radiological appearance. There is no consensus on the optimal treatment option but prolonged steroid taper has been used with various degrees of success.
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Mhadgut, Hemendra M. D., Alay Mansurov, Rabia Zafar, and Koyamangalath Krishnan. "Liver Mass: An Unusual Presentation of Multiple Myeloma." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/22.
Full textAbstract:
Multiple myeloma is characterized by proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, producing monoclonal immunoglobulin. It accounts for 17% of hematologic malignancies in the US. Diagnosis is often suspected in the setting of bone lytic lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia or renal failure. Rarely, multiple myeloma can present with soft tissue involvement which can be difficult to diagnose. Below we present one such presentation.
Our patient is a 53-year-old who was initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma six years back when he presented to hospital with back and right leg pain. On admission he was found to have multiple lytic lesions involving the appendicular and axial skeleton. On further workup, bone marrow biopsy showed 30% plasma cells with IgG kappa monoclonal protein elevation. Patient was diagnosed with ISS stage II multiple myeloma. He was treated with standard regimen with Velcade, Revlimid and dexamethasone with excellent response. Patient was evaluated for stem cell transplant however did not qualify for it due to social challenges. Patient was continued on maintenance therapy with Velcade and Revlimid for 8 cycles prior to clinical relapse with lytic lesions in the C-spine. At this point patient was switched to different therapeutic regimen with pomalidomide, carfilzomib and dexamethasone and had excellent response for 35 cycles on this regimen. Patient had interruption in treatment for 3 months due to other medical comorbidities. A repeat bone marrow biopsy which was done in November of 2019 revealed extensive bone marrow involvement with 70% plasma cells concerning for relapse. Patient was started on single agent daratumumab in December 2019 however had a difficult course interrupted by right-sided abdominal pain, persistent nausea and decreased appetite requiring hospital admission. Further workup revealed a 2.7 cm lesion in the liver as well as a 4.9 x 7.3 cm T11 left paraspinal soft tissue mass. Biopsy of the liver lesion revealed sheets of kappa restricted abnormal plasma cells concerning for progression of disease. Given the involvement of the visceral organ and the extent of his disease, it was decided to switch patient's treatment from single agent daratumumab to a multi agent chemotherapy regimen with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin. Patient received his 1st cycle inpatient and had marked symptomatic improvement and was discharged home. His M-protein spike reduced from 3.9 to 1.8 g/dl post once cycle of treatment.
Soft tissue involvement by multiple myeloma is rare event. Though malignant plasma cells may diffusely infiltrate the liver parenchyma, the nodular spread is unique. In review by Talamo et al, out of 2,584 patients with MM, only 11 had liver plasmacytomas. This phenomenon is driven by lack of expression of adhesion molecules, increased heparanase-1 expression and loss of chemokine receptors on myeloma cells. Such alterations in cell architecture lead to more aggressive disease behavior. At present time treatment for this unique patient population does not differ from other MM cases. It is important for clinicians to recognize the possibility of such event.
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Mugtussids, Iossif B. "Flight Data Processing Techniques to Identify Unusual Events." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28095.
Full textAbstract:
Modern aircraft are capable of recording hundreds of parameters during
flight. This fact not only facilitates the investigation of an
accident or a serious incident, but also provides the opportunity to use
the recorded data to predict future aircraft behavior. It is believed
that, by analyzing the recorded data, one can identify precursors to
hazardous behavior and develop procedures to mitigate the problems
before they actually occur. Because of the enormous amount of data
collected during each flight, it becomes necessary to identify the
segments of data that contain useful information. The objective is to
distinguish between typical data points, that are present in the
majority of flights, and unusual data points that can be only found in
a few flights. The distinction between typical and unusual data points
is achieved by using classification procedures.
In this dissertation, the application of classification procedures to
flight data is investigated. It is proposed to use a Bayesian
classifier that tries to identify the flight from which a particular
data point came. If the flight from which the data point came
is identified with a high level of confidence, then the conclusion that
the data point is unusual within the investigated flights can be made.
The Bayesian classifier uses the overall and conditional probability
density functions together with a priori probabilities to make a
decision. Estimating probability density functions is a difficult task
in multiple dimensions. Because many of the recorded signals
(features) are redundant or highly correlated or are very similar in
every flight, feature selection techniques are applied to identify
those signals that contain the most discriminatory power. In the
limited amount of data available to this research, twenty five features were
identified as the set exhibiting the best discriminatory power.
Additionally, the number of signals is reduced by applying feature
generation techniques to similar signals.
To make the approach applicable in practice, when many flights are
considered, a very efficient and fast sequential data clustering
algorithm is proposed. The order in which the samples are presented to
the algorithm is fixed according to the probability density function
value. Accuracy and reduction level are controlled using two scalar
parameters: a distance threshold value and a maximum compactness
factor.Ph. D.
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Du, Gang. "Unusual charge transport transitions in ion-implanted polymers." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343143806.
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Beyan, Çigdem. "Detection of unusual fish trajectories from underwater videos." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10561.
Full textAbstract:
Fish behaviour analysis is a fundamental research area in marine ecology as it is helpful for detecting environmental changes by observing unusual fish patterns or new fish behaviours. The traditional way of analysing fish behaviour is by visual inspection using human observers, which is very time consuming and also limits the amount of data that can be processed. Therefore, there is a need for automatic algorithms to identify fish behaviours by using computer vision and machine learning techniques. The aim of this thesis is to help marine biologists with their work. We focus on behaviour understanding and analysis of detected and tracked fish with unusual behaviour detection approaches. Normal fish trajectories exhibit frequently observed behaviours while unusual trajectories are outliers or rare trajectories. This thesis proposes 3 approaches to detecting unusual trajectories: i) a filtering mechanism for normal fish trajectories, ii) an unusual fish trajectory classification method using clustered and labelled data and iii) an unusual fish trajectory classification approach using a clustering based hierarchical decomposition. The rule based trajectory filtering mechanism is proposed to remove normal fish trajectories which potentially helps to increase the accuracy of the unusual fish behaviour detection system. The aim is to reject normal fish trajectories as much as possible while not rejecting unusual fish trajectories. The results show that this method successfully filters out normal trajectories with a low false negative rate. This method is useful to assist building a ground truth data set from a very large fish trajectory repository, especially when the amount of normal fish trajectories greatly dominates the unusual fish trajectories. Moreover, it successfully distinguishes true fish trajectories from false fish trajectories which result from errors by the fish detection and tracking algorithms. A key contribution of this thesis is the proposed flat classifier, which uses an outlier detection method based on cluster cardinalities and a distance function to detect unusual fish trajectories. Clustered and labelled data are used to select feature sets which perform best on a training set. To describe fish trajectories 10 groups of trajectory descriptions are proposed which were not previously used for fish behaviour analysis. The proposed flat classifier improved the performance of unusual fish detection compared to the filtering approach. The performance of the flat classifier is further improved by integrating it into a hierarchical decomposition. This hierarchical decomposition method selects more specific features for different trajectory clusters which is useful considering the trajectory variety. Significantly improved results were obtained using this hierarchical decomposition in comparison to the flat classifier. This hierarchical framework is also applied to classification of more general imbalanced data sets which is a key current topic in machine learning. The experiments showed that the proposed hierarchical decomposition method is significantly better than the state of art classification methods, other outlier detection methods and unusual trajectory detection methods. Furthermore, it is successful at classifying imbalanced data sets even though the majority and minority classes contain varieties, and classes overlap which is frequently seen in real-world applications. Finally, we explored the benefits of active learning in the context of the hierarchical decomposition method, where active learning query strategies choose the most informative training data. A substantial performance gain is possible by using less labelled training data compared to learning from larger labelled data sets. Additionally, active learning with feature selection is investigated. The results show that feature selection has a positive effect on the performance of active learning. However, we show that random selection can be as effective as popular active learning query strategies in combination with active learning and feature selection, especially for imbalanced set classification.
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Oh, Ji Young. "Unusual particle motions in the liquid crystal phases." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unusual-particle-motions-in-the-liquid-crystal-phases(59978a53-5523-4066-8a84-98cd5e7a6e16).html.
Full textAbstract:
The motions of particles dispersed in liquid crystals can be influenced by the application of an electric field, the effect depending on the field frequency and field amplitude. Sandwich cells under the application of electric field are widely used as the tool in order to investigate the fundamental research relating to electro-optic display technology. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work is to find and investigate novel motion of the particles dispersed in the liquid crystal phases, held within a sandwich cell. For the liquid crystal–particle systems in the sandwich cells in this thesis, the particle shapes, temperature and cell geometry are all shown to have an influence on the regime of the particle’s motions, with different phenomena observed using three different phases of liquid crystals. The experiments are designed to find and investigate the novel motion of the micron sized silica particles in the liquid crystal phases. In the chiral nematic phase, spherical particles are shown to exhibit linear motion, which is related to the electrophoretic mobility. Such spherical particles are also observed to show circular motion which is found to have a field dependency that can be related to Quincke rotation. A maximum frequency for motion occurs which is found to possibly be related to the effect of the ion diffusion in the liquid crystal-particle composite system. The direction of the circular motion is found to be independent of the handedness of the chiral nematic material. In the isotropic phase of a chiral nematic liquid crystal, the spherical particles do not exhibit any linear motion, which shows the system does not follow the traditional electrophoresis observed in normal isotropic liquids. The circular motion of the spherical particle that is observed in the isotropic phase is analysed in terms of the Quincke rotation and again shows the Maxwell relaxation time. The electric-field induced motion of elongated particles in four different nematic systems is examined. In this case of planar aligned systems, linear motion is observed, in which the velocity shows a minimum for particles of the same length as the cell gap. A novel field-induced defect texture appears in the homeotropic device containing a nematic liquid crystal of negative dielectric anisotropy. Interestingly, the motion of the particle is found to be strongly coupled with the defects formed.
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Hart, John Stewart. "Capsules, secondary interactions and unusual multi-metallic complexes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9923.
Full textAbstract:
Research into inorganic supramolecular chemistry is burgeoning, in particular that which focuses on the formation of capsular molecules and the effects that these unique environments have on catalytic reactions. With the aim of producing new ligand designs that could not only support reactive metals, but also partake in supramolecular aggregation to provide a capsular microenvironment, new tripodal ligands and wide span imines and amines have been synthesised. Furthermore, the exploitation of hydrogen-bonding motifs formed through pyrrole-imine tautomerisation upon metallation of these ligands has been explored, with the aim of enhancing reactivity and stabilising reactive intermediates. In Chapter one, the concept of covalent and non-covalent capsules is introduced, and includes the different aspects affecting the encapsulation of molecules and their use as nanoreactors. The use of secondary interactions, e.g. hydrogen-bonding in metal complexes of tetrapodal and tripodal ligands is discussed. Chapter two describes the synthesis of a tripodal pyrrole-imine ligand and the formation of its multi-metallic complexes of Group one metals, transition metal and the f-block elements. The complete and partial tautomerisation of this ligand upon metal complexation is also examined. In Chapter three, the formation of hangman complexes of the tripodal pyrrole-imine ligand is described and is extrapolated to the chemistry of a new pyrrole-amide ligand. The synthesis of this latter ligand and its properties with regards to anion binding are also explored. Chapter four describes the formation of wide span diamine and diimine ligands and their propensity to form adducts with cobalt and zinc chlorometallates and unusual multimetallic palladium complexes. The final conclusions of the work presented in this thesis are drawn in Chapter five. Chapter six presents experimental details and characterising data for all of the new compounds presented in this thesis.
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Pan, Tony Shih Arng. "Properties of Unusually Luminous Supernovae." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10856.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a theoretical study of the progenitors, event rates, and observational
properties of unusually luminous supernova (SN), and aims to identify promising
directions for future observations. In Chapter 2, we present model light curves and spectra of pair-instability supernovae (PISNe) over a range of progenitor masses and envelope structures for Pop III stars. We calculate the rates and detectability of PISNe, core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), and Type Ia SNe at the Epoch of Reionization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which can be used to determine the contribution of Pop III versus Pop II stars toward ionizing the universe. Although CCSNe are the least intrinsically luminous supernovae, Chapter 5 shows that a JWST survey targeting known galaxy clusters with Einstein radii > 35'' should discover gravitationally lensed CCSNe at redshifts exceeding z = 7–8. In Chapter 3, we explain the Pop II/I progenitors of observed PISNe in the local universe can be created via mergers in runaway collisions in young, dense star clusters, despite copious mass loss via line-driven winds. The PISN rate from this mechanism is consistent with the observed volumetric rate, and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope could discover \(\sim10^2\) such PISNe per year. In Chapter 4, we identify 10 star clusters which may host PISN progenitors with masses up to 600M⊙ formed via runaway collisions. We estimate the probabilities of these very massive stars being in eclipsing binaries to be \(\gtrsim 30%\), and find that their transits can be detected even under the contamination of the background cluster light, due to mean transit depths of\(\sim10^6L\)⊙. In Chapter 6, we show that there could be X-ray analogues of optically superluminous SNe that are powered by the conversion of the kinetic energy of SN ejecta into radiation upon its collision with a dense but optically-thin circumstellar shell. We find
shell configurations that can convert a large fraction of the SN explosion energies into
X-ray emission, producing unabsorbed X-ray luminosities of \(10^{44}\) erg/s in events lasting a few months, or even \(10^{45}\) erg/s flashes lasting days.Physics
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Hickey, Meghan C. "Exploring an unusual beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma brucei." Click here for download, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=2011158651&sid=1&Fmt=7&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Muresan, Nicoleta Mihaela. "Unusual main group element complexes with tridentate diketoamine ligands." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974319775.
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Fanning, Katherine Nora. "New approaches for the synthesis of unusual amino acids." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/210/.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal and metal-catalysed aza-Claisen rearrangement of allylic trichlororacetimidates has found widespread application in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules including alkaloids, antibiotics and unnatural amino acids. We have recently investigated the use of this reaction for the rearrangement of chiral molecules. This has led to the development of a highly diastereoselective, ether-directed palladium(II)-catalysed process which has been used for the synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. To expand the scope and understanding of the rearrangement, a number of analogues of 1 have been synthesised and subjected to a palladium(II)-catalysed rearrangement. Gizzerosine ((S)-2-amino-9-(4-imidazolyl)-7-azanonanoic acid) is a potent agonist for the H2-receptor. It brings about gizzard erosion and ulceration in broiler chickens. This disease is colloquially known as ‘Black Vomit’ due to bleeding of lesions and subsequent regurgitation. Its biological profile suggests it could be a promising drug candidate for gastric achlorhydria and osteoporosis, although only small amounts can be isolated from fish meal for biological studies. A short and highly efficient synthesis has been developed in ten steps and 31% overall yield. Protein-protein inteactions are the key to organising cellular processes in space and time. Protein-protein interactions are involved in viral fusion and so are promising targets for anti-viral drugs. Photoactivatable amino acids have been used to identify these interactions. Activation by ultraviolet light induces covalent cross-linking (known as photo cross-linking) of the interacting proteins which can be detected with high specificity by simple western blotting. Significant progress has been made towards the development of a stereoselective synthesis of photoactivatable amino acids incorporating a diazirine ring, such as photo-leucine, which generate a reactive carbene after the light induced loss of nitrogen.
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吳飛虎 and Fei-fu Ng. "An unusual turn structure in peptides containing alpha-aminoxyacids." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219731.
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Henshall, Carolyn. "Unusual sensory experiences in people on the autism spectrum." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2853/.
Full textAbstract:
Past research has indicated that people diagnosed as being on the autism spectrum have unusual sensory experiences when compared with typically developing individuals (e. g., Tomchek & Dunn, 2007; Watling et al., 2001). However, an examination of the available evidence has revealed that little is known about either the nature or developmental course of these unusual sensory experiences (e. g., Leekam et al., 2007; O'Neill & Jones, 1997). The aim of this project is to investigate the patterns and developmental pathway of these unusual sensory experiences. Chapter I reviews the published literature on the developmental pathway of unusual sensory experiences and highlights a need to identify patterns of sensory processing in people on the autism spectrum. Chapter 2 describes an empirical study that investigates patterns of these unusual sensory experiences. The results support previous research that indicates that children with ASD have co-existing patterns of hypo- and hyper-responsiveness. Chapter 3 presents a reflective account of the research process as a whole.
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Tidswell, Peter William. "The synthesis and metal complexes of some unusual phosphines." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5698/.
Full textAbstract:
The high temperature and pressure synthesis of chlorophosphines from an alkene, white phosphorus and phosphorus trichloride yielded both mono- and diphosphine products. Chain and cyclic alkenes, dienes and terpenes were used as substrates forming chain, ring and bicyclic mono- and diphosphines. Many novel, even unique, chlorophosphines were prepared in good yield and characterised using (^31)P and (^13)C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Simple alkenes readily reacted forming mono- and 1,2-diphosphines. However 1,5-cyclooctadiene formed a 1,4-addition product after double bond conjugation. Butadiene dimerised prior to reaction, generating either a 2,2'-diphospholane or a 1,4-bridged phosphabicyclic alkane in addition to 1,2- and 1,4-diphosphines. Terpenoid dichlorophosphines were prepared but could not be isolated or characterised, because the substrate isomerised under the reaction conditions generating many similar products. Aromatic rings did not react, although the exocyclic double bond of styrene did undergo reaction. Chiral phosphines were readily produced from unsymmetric pro-chiral, alkenes. Chlorophosphines are versatile precursors and, using standard organophosphorus techniques, were readily converted to phosphines, phosphites and other organophosphorus ligands suitable for chelation. Grignard reagents were used to prepare dimethyl derivatives, alcohols reacted with dichlorophosphines producing diethyl-, dimenthyl- or 1,4-butylphosphite derivatives, Piperazine also reacted although the products could not be fully characterised. Electronic properties (^Mn)χ) of the phosphines in manganese carbonyl halide derivatives were measured as a function of the A(_1)carbonyl stretching frequency. Substituent electronegativity was the most important factor in determining the π-acidity. Some dichloropalladium complexes were studied using 3ip NMR, although phosphine impurities complicated spectral interpretation. Iron and molybdenum hydrides reacted with dichlorophosphines to produce some unusual metal-phosphine compounds.
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Goodwin, Helen. "New and unusual co-ordination of main group elements." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6190/.
Full textAbstract:
There is considerable current interest in the chemistry of low coordinate main group elements the extensive development of which was highlighted at last year's Euchem Conference Psiblocs in Paris-Palaiseau (August 1988). This area has been stimulated by the isolation of low coordination compounds stabilised by the use of bulky groups, for example, Supermes, mes (see Chapters 3 and 4). Following the synthesis of 1,3,5 tris-trifluoromethyl benzene (ArB) by R.D. Chambers et al. (Chapter 1), and the facilities available to synthesise this material it seemed very worthwhile to study the influence of this substituent on low coordinate main group species. As a result, this group has been incorporated into phosphines, diphosphenes, phosphaalkenes, antimony and boron derivatives. Its involvement in other systems, for example borinium and phosphoranide species, and its incorporation into the cation associated with halo and pseudohalo borate anions, have also been examined. In particular, the low coordination chemistry of phosphorus has involved the synthesis, isolation and full characterisation of the new diphosphene (19) fprepared independently by Edelmann et al.]t and the unsymmetrical diphosphene (20) (Figure C1). The 2,6-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl) substituenthas been employed by Escudie et al.+
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Leong, Fong Tat Eugene. "Hop : an unusual homeobox gene involved in heart development." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438484.
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Ng, Fei-fu. "An unusual turn structure in peptides containing alpha-aminoxyacids /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945747.
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Loy, Chen Change. "Activity understanding and unusual event detection in surveillance videos." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/664.
Full textAbstract:
Computer scientists have made ceaseless efforts to replicate cognitive video understanding abilities of human brains onto autonomous vision systems. As video surveillance cameras become ubiquitous, there is a surge in studies on automated activity understanding and unusual event detection in surveillance videos. Nevertheless, video content analysis in public scenes remained a formidable challenge due to intrinsic difficulties such as severe inter-object occlusion in crowded scene and poor quality of recorded surveillance footage. Moreover, it is nontrivial to achieve robust detection of unusual events, which are rare, ambiguous, and easily confused with noise. This thesis proposes solutions for resolving ambiguous visual observations and overcoming unreliability of conventional activity analysis methods by exploiting multi-camera visual context and human feedback. The thesis first demonstrates the importance of learning visual context for establishing reliable reasoning on observed activity in a camera network. In the proposed approach, a new Cross Canonical Correlation Analysis (xCCA) is formulated to discover and quantify time delayed pairwise correlations of regional activities observed within and across multiple camera views. This thesis shows that learning time delayed pairwise activity correlations offers valuable contextual information for (1) spatial and temporal topology inference of a camera network, (2) robust person re-identification, and (3) accurate activity-based video temporal segmentation. Crucially, in contrast to conventional methods, the proposed approach does not rely on either intra-camera or inter-camera object tracking; it can thus be applied to low-quality surveillance videos featuring severe inter-object occlusions. Second, to detect global unusual event across multiple disjoint cameras, this thesis extends visual context learning from pairwise relationship to global time delayed dependency between regional activities. Specifically, a Time Delayed Probabilistic Graphical Model (TD-PGM) is proposed to model the multi-camera activities and their dependencies. Subtle global unusual events are detected and localised using the model as context-incoherent patterns across multiple camera views. In the model, different nodes represent activities in different decomposed re3 gions from different camera views, and the directed links between nodes encoding time delayed dependencies between activities observed within and across camera views. In order to learn optimised time delayed dependencies in a TD-PGM, a novel two-stage structure learning approach is formulated by combining both constraint-based and scored-searching based structure learning methods. Third, to cope with visual context changes over time, this two-stage structure learning approach is extended to permit tractable incremental update of both TD-PGM parameters and its structure. As opposed to most existing studies that assume static model once learned, the proposed incremental learning allows a model to adapt itself to reflect the changes in the current visual context, such as subtle behaviour drift over time or removal/addition of cameras. Importantly, the incremental structure learning is achieved without either exhaustive search in a large graph structure space or storing all past observations in memory, making the proposed solution memory and time efficient. Forth, an active learning approach is presented to incorporate human feedback for on-line unusual event detection. Contrary to most existing unsupervised methods that perform passive mining for unusual events, the proposed approach automatically requests supervision for critical points to resolve ambiguities of interest, leading to more robust detection of subtle unusual events. The active learning strategy is formulated as a stream-based solution, i.e. it makes decision on-the-fly on whether to request label for each unlabelled sample observed in sequence. It selects adaptively two active learning criteria, namely likelihood criterion and uncertainty criterion to achieve (1) discovery of unknown event classes and (2) refinement of classification boundary. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is validated using videos captured from busy public scenes such as underground stations and traffic intersections.