Academic literature on the topic 'Up (The English word)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali. "Morphological Make-up as the Predictor of English Word Accent." TESL Canada Journal 26, no. 2 (June 3, 2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v26i2.412.

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For years, phoneticians have tried to simplify pronunciation for EFL/ESL learners. Some have identified four degrees of primary, secondary, tertiary, and weak stress, and others only three degrees: primary, secondary, and weak. Still others have concentrated on two stress levels: accented versus unaccented, or stressed versus unstressed (Bowen, 1975; Stageberg, 1964; Chomsky & Halle, 1968). None, however, has followed an orthography-based approach to English accent. Because orthography is the most static way of representing words in English, spelling- or orthography-based rules of accent/stress placement may come as a relief to ESL/EFL learners. In this article I present four spelling-based rules for stress placement to help EFL/ESL learners master pronunciation.
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LAWRENCE, JOSHUA F., LAUREN CAPOTOSTO, LEE BRANUM-MARTIN, CLAIRE WHITE, and CATHERINE E. SNOW. "Language proficiency, home-language status, and English vocabulary development: A longitudinal follow-up of the Word Generation program." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 3 (January 4, 2012): 437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728911000393.

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This longitudinal quasi-experimental study examines the effects of Word Generation, a middle-school vocabulary intervention, on the learning, maintenance, and consolidation of academic vocabulary for students from English-speaking homes, proficient English speakers from language-minority homes, and limited English-proficiency students. Using individual growth modeling, we found that students receiving Word Generation improved more on target word knowledge during the instructional period than students in comparison schools did, on average. We found an interaction between instruction and home-language status such that English-proficient students from language-minority homes improved more than English-proficient students from English-speaking homes. Limited English-proficiency students, however, did not realize gains equivalent to those of more proficient students from language-minority homes during the instructional period. We administered follow-up assessments in the fall after the instructional period ended and in the spring of the following year to determine how well students maintained and consolidated target academic words. Students in the intervention group maintained their relative improvements at both follow-up assessments.
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van Vuuren, Sanne, and Lyuben Laskin. "Dutch learner English in close-up." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.3.1.01van.

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Abstract This study presents a longitudinal Bayesian analysis of pre-subject adverbial (PSA) use in a 571,174-word corpus of Dutch learner English. Overall, learners use more circumstance and linking adverbials, but fewer stance adverbials than both novice and expert native writers. Learners also use more ‘local anchors’, i.e. adverbials that serve a cohesive purpose by linking back to an antecedent in the directly preceding discourse. Interestingly, untimed essays are more native-like than timed essays in their use of each of the adverbial types considered. Although learners generally develop in the direction of native writing, the use of linking adverbials in learners’ literature essays develops in the opposite direction. L1 transfer may account for more frequent use of some categories of adverbials, particularly local anchors, but the widening gap between learners and native speakers (NSs) in the use of linking adverbials suggests that the potential role of textbook and curriculum design warrants further research.
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Baghdasaryan, Susanna. "Etymology and Word Decoding." Armenian Folia Anglistika 5, no. 1-2 (6) (October 15, 2009): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2009.5.1-2.167.

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The language vocabulary is a system which grows mostly due to word formation. The latter takes place with the help of own or borrowed parts of words (root and suffix), which, certainly, used to be independent words. They penetrated the English vocabulary and made up new words while preserving their previous meanings. Most of the Latin and Greek borrowings do not make up the active vocabulary. They usually refer to scientific terms.
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Kocourek, Rostislav. "The prefix post- in contemporary English terminology." Terminology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.3.1.05koc.

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The article is based on a corpus of English words and technical terms obtained from contemporary texts and major up-to-date dictionaries and encyclopedias. It gives a description of "post- " prefixation, its morphology (including derivational patterns of one-word terms and syntactic patterns of multiword terms) and semantics (including motivational ambiguity and definitions). French terms are used for comparison and contrast. Morphological and semantic properties of term-constituting lexemes are examined within the framework of an analysis of lexical productivity, which is defined by three criteria: number of existing derivatives, rules of derivation, and neological potential. The analysis also shows other aspects of derivational productivity: favourite word-class membership, semantic options, and terminologization.
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Hussein, Marwan M., and Safwan I. Thannoon. "Words and Meanings of Love in Arabic and English with Reference to Translation." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 8, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a478.

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The research is an attempt to shed light on words of love in both Arabic and English for the sake of showing the main differences and similarities between both languages and ways of thinking by the speakers of both cultures. Each word carries a positive and/or negative sense which may be covered by the so-called word nuances. Arabic words are unique in their denotation with different connotations. Therefore, it is difficult to say that a word can stand for another one because Arabic words of love, as the study reveals, are to varying degrees highly emotional and meaningful. English words of love, on the other hand, are clear and forward, frequently associated with sex in modern English. For this reason, they are elaborated on separately as a threshold to discuss the main problems emerging in translating some of them particularly, from Arabic into English. It is found that there is no one-to-one correspondence, except for few of them, between the Arabic words and their English counterparts. The research indicates that the translation of words of love is highly stylistically and contextually bound. Hence, translating such words requires a well-versed and competent translator. Finally, the research comes up with some conclusions that have been arrived at during this work.
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Stubbe, Raymond, and Yumiko Cochrane. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Yes–No Checklist Tests to Assess Knowledge of Multi-Word Lexical Units." Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 8, no. 1 (2019): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v08.1.stubbe.cochrane.

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One of the many challenges facing Japanese university students studying English is the multi-word phrase. The English language contains a large number of such multiple-word items, which act as single words with a single meaning. This study is concerned with evaluating the efficacy of yes/no checklist tests to assess knowledge of multi-word units. Participants (n = 206) took a yes–no test of 30 real words and 15 pseudowords. The 30 real words were selected from the students’ textbook, based on the teacher’s intuition of the words and multi-words posing the greatest learning burden for the students. Twenty-one of the selected words were single-word items. The remaining nine were multi-words, such as “get up” and “take turns”. Forty-five minutes following completion of the yes–no test, an English to Japanese translation test of the same 30 real words was taken by the same participants to evaluate the efficacy of yes/no test. Results suggest that the yes–no vocabulary test format may be able to measure student knowledge of multi-word lexical units as (or more) effectively than single-word units.
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de Bruijn, Ellen R. A., Ton Dijkstra, Dorothee J. Chwilla, and Herbert J. Schriefers. "Language context effects on interlingual homograph recognition: evidence from event-related potentials and response times in semantic priming." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4, no. 2 (August 2001): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728901000256.

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Dutch–English bilinguals performed a generalized lexical decision task on triplets of items, responding with “yes” if all three items were correct Dutch and/or English words, and with “no” if one or more of the items was not a word in either language. Sometimes the second item in a triplet was an interlingual homograph whose English meaning was semantically related to the third item of the triplet (e.g., HOUSE – ANGEL – HEAVEN, where ANGEL means “sting” in Dutch). In such cases, the first item was either an exclusively English (HOUSE) or an exclusively Dutch (ZAAK) word. Semantic priming effects were found in on-line response times. Event-related potentials that were recorded simultaneously showed N400 priming effects thought to reflect semantic integration processes. The response time and N400 priming effects were not affected by the language of the first item in the triplets, providing evidence in support of a strong bottom-up role with respect to bilingual word recognition. The results are interpreted in terms of the Bilingual Interactive Activation model, a language nonselective access model assuming bottom-up priority.
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Reese, Debbie. "The Last Word: Join the Diversity Discussion." Children and Libraries 13, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.13n3.40.

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The darling baby pictured here is Amelia, the youngest child in my family at Nambe Pueblo, a federally recognized tribal nation, located in northern New Mexico. Nana Kaa—and children like her—are the future. Nana Kaa is Amelia’s Tewa name. She is going to grow up knowing three languages: Tewa, Spanish, and English (Tewa is the language we speak at Nambe).
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Baram, Laila Othman, and Aram Kamil Noori. "Blend Words and Their Influence on the Lexicon and Future of English Language." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp43-48.

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This research studies the widening range of forming and using blend (portmanteau) words in English language. It sheds light on the fact that most blend words are exocentric not only for second language learners but also to natives too, since they have not been listed in English dictionaries. Even if listed; still the continuous process of forming blend words will leave no room to catch up with listing all of them. English nowadays has become the most dominant language and at the same time it has been influenced by some factors as much as it has been influential. In terms of word formation processes especially blending, one can realize how rapidly and unexpectedly new words are coined for new purposes in accordance with daily life needs. In this era of speed; English native speakers, as their nature, do like to economize in their word choice especially in their word formation processes such as blending, acronyms, clipping and all types of abbreviations. In fact, the inevitability of life change as the result of daily life’s needs inventions influences English language in many ways. In addition, the policy of economizing and being selective reflects well on letter choice and word forming processes. In relation to this, the consequences of life change can be noted in studying blend forms in English. Some simple examples are: blunch, chexting, spork, feminar, brinner, brunch, fanzin, hubot, smog, etc. In a nut shell, the research states the inevitable and intriguing change of English words in the process of blending in which two or more words are cut and mixed together to form a new form, called a blend word. One basic point here is that a blend word is not simply one word; brinner as an example is formed from three other words (breakfast + lunch + dinner) to describe a situation in which you just have one meal instead of the three. Most of blend words have not so far been listed in English dictionaries. So this continuous process of forming new words does a great change to English vocabularies now and in the upcoming years.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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Ha, Dang Vu Thanh, and n/a. "How Vientamese ELICOS students build up their word stock : an empirical study." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060713.153439.

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The process of second language vocabulary acquisition (L2VA) is investigated by looking at the learning, teaching, learner and environmental factors that affect the ways that adult Vietnamese learners of English acquire, store and use words. Data were collected by examination of informants' diaries, recorded classes, free conversations, interview-questionnaires and regular interviews during the English program. The data show that the process of building up the mental lexicon is slow, long and complicated. For adult learners coming from different English and job backgrounds, full time classroom learning is the biggest and most important source of L2 word input. It is also in this environment that the word storage and recall mechanisms are most facilitated. The L2VA process varies according to individual learners at different levels, with different learning goals, motivations, determination, areas of interest and word learning methods. It is hoped that the findings of the study help increase Vietnamese teachers' awareness of how to teach English vocabulary effectively and how to help learners work out individually suitable word learning methods.
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Karlsson, Amanda. "Can all students please speak up? : A mixed methods study into the situational and motivational aspects of (un)willingness to communicate in English in Swedish upper secondary schools." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53203.

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This study seeks to examine (1) in what situations Swedish upper secondary school students from two EFL classes are unwilling to speak English in English class, and (2) what the motivational factors are for the same students to speak English. Students in their first and second year of studying English in Swedish upper secondary school participated in this study. The data were collected using observations, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The data collected in this study were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of the study showed that students are unwilling to speak English in assessed situations as well as in situations where students are given less time before they can speak. The results suggest that students are influenced by one another, and that using English only instruction will make students more confident in speaking activities since speaking English will be normative behavior in class. Moreover, students are motivated to speak the target language in class by the English they meet outside of school, and by the plans that they have envisioned for their future.
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Ladner, Jocelyn B. Neuleib Janice. "Performing the word, transforming the word, writing the word alternative teaching strategies for freshman composition /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3172879.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2004.
Title from title page screen, viewedNovember 17, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Janice Neuleib (chair) , Patricia A. Dunn, Nancy Tolson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-126) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Wren, Sebastian Andrew. "An examination of the word-frequency effect in word recognition : controlling the confound of word recency /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Rosta, Andrew. "English syntax and word grammar theory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288690.

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Collins, Michael Xavier. "Cognitive Perspectives On English Word Order." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343315752.

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Tani, Akinobu. "Word pairs in late Middle English prose." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3323/.

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Word Pairs in Late Middle English Prose investigates the use of word pairs (WPs) occurring in various English prose texts in the late Middle English period, i.e. in the fourteenth- and fifteenth-centuries. The research question addressed is a stylistic one: is there a relationship between the use of WPs and the genres of these texts? Characteristics of WPs investigated in the study include (1) the normalized frequency of WPs, (2) the etymological makeup of WPs and (3) repetition of WPs. First, the analysis of WPs in all Chaucer’s prose texts is conducted in comparison with two controls as a preliminary study to examine the different uses of WPs in each prose text and the relationship between these texts in terms of the use of WPs, and to check the validity of the methodology used in the analysis of late medieval English prose. After having ascertained the validity of the methodology, the analyses of WPs follow in a range of other texts with a wider circulation: the Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ, Trevisa’s On the Properties of Things, the Brut or the Chronicles of England, English Wycliffite Sermons, the History of Reynard the Fox, Paris and Vienne, the Works of Sir Thomas Malory, Fortescue’s the Governance of England. Next, the analyses of WPs follow in texts with a more limited audience in mind such as An Anthology of Chancery English, and Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century. Through the analysis of the WPs in these texts, the characteristics of WPs in each text are identified. Then characteristics in what are thought to be similar texts are compared. Statistical methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis are then applied to the WP data to investigate and demonstrate generic and stylistic relationships. The results of the study point to a contrast between curial style and traditional native style based on speech, the difference between which can be characterized as the abundance or dearth of WPs and the different ratio of Old French (OF)+OF vs. Old English (OE)+OE types of WPs, respectively. Certain characteristics peculiar to individual prose texts are also revealed. Lastly, the reasons for the use of WPs in different texts are considered. This study reveals the complex use of WPs in different texts, and offers a study of the subject which is more nuanced and delicate than has been previously achieved.
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Cox, Cynthia Gail. "Bilingual word detectives transferability of word decoding skills for Spanish/English bilingual students /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1457293.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Nov. 10, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-193).
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Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.

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Piao, Scott. "Sentence and word alignment between Chinese and English." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/52143/.

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Books on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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Grow up. New York: Benchmark Books, 2005.

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Quayle, Nigel. "Up" et le verbe a particule en anglais contemporain. [Villeneuve-d'Ascq]: Presses universitaires de Lille, 1994.

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Mianmin, Li, ed. The Stoddart English/Chinese visual dictionary: Look up the word from the picture, find the picture from the word. Toronto: Stoddart, 1988.

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J, Clark David. Up & running with Grammatik IV 2.0. San Francisco: SYBEX, 1991.

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Robinson, Catherine. Speaking up at work. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

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Corbeil, Jean Claude. The Facts on File English/Chinese visual dictionary: Look up the word from the picture, find the picture from the word. New York, N.Y: Facts on File Publications, 1988.

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Frank, Diane. Gabby's wordspeller: Phonetic dictionary, look up the word by the way it sounds. Rainer, Wash: DM Frank Pub., 2008.

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IT Ying wen he xin zi hui: Build up your IT word power. Taibei Shi: Zhong wen tu shu gu fen you xian gong si, 2008.

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Corbeil, Jean Claude. The Facts on File English/French visual dictionary: Look up the word from the picture, find the picture from the word. New York, N.Y: Facts on File Publications, 1987.

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McCrindle, Mark. Word up: A lexicon and guide to communication in the 21st century. Ultimo, N.S.W: Halstead Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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McDonald, Christine. "Organising the write-up." In English Language Project Work, 84–85. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22297-1_9.

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Sengupta, Mahasweta. "Reading the World: Growing Up in the ‘Discipline’." In English Studies in India, 23–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1525-1_2.

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Williams, Clay. "A Better Way: Teaching English from the Ground Up." In Teaching English Reading in the Chinese-Speaking World, 161–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0643-2_8.

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Hariharan, Dhananjai, Sedeeq Al-khazraji, and Matt Huenerfauth. "Evaluation of an English Word Look-Up Tool for Web-Browsing with Sign Language Video for Deaf Readers." In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Methods, Technologies, and Users, 205–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92049-8_15.

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Penfold, David. "Document Set-up." In Word Processing, 118–23. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0485-8_13.

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Berry, Roger. "Word Classes." In English Grammar, 78–81. Second edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, [2018] | Series:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351164962-13.

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Künzl-Snodgrass, Annemarie, and Silke Mentchen. "Word order." In Speed Up Your German, 70–97. New York: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Speed up your language skills: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315736778-5.

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Smakman, Dick. "Word stress." In Clear English Pronunciation, 43–46. New York : Taylor and Francis, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429347382-9.

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Kleinedler, Steve. "Word structure." In Is English Changing?, 41–61. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge guides to linguistics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351114073-3.

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Kleinedler, Steve. "Word meaning." In Is English Changing?, 91–110. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge guides to linguistics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351114073-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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Procopio, Luigi, Edoardo Barba, Federico Martelli, and Roberto Navigli. "MultiMirror: Neural Cross-lingual Word Alignment for Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/539.

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Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), i.e., the task of assigning senses to words in context, has seen a surge of interest with the advent of neural models and a considerable increase in performance up to 80% F1 in English. However, when considering other languages, the availability of training data is limited, which hampers scaling WSD to many languages. To address this issue, we put forward MultiMirror, a sense projection approach for multilingual WSD based on a novel neural discriminative model for word alignment: given as input a pair of parallel sentences, our model -- trained with a low number of instances -- is capable of jointly aligning, at the same time, all source and target tokens with each other, surpassing its competitors across several language combinations. We demonstrate that projecting senses from English by leveraging the alignments produced by our model leads a simple mBERT-powered classifier to achieve a new state of the art on established WSD datasets in French, German, Italian, Spanish and Japanese. We release our software and all our datasets at https://github.com/SapienzaNLP/multimirror.
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Koshkarova, Natalya Nikolayevna. "Means Of Comedic Edge In Russian And English Political Stand-Up Comedies." In X International Conference “Word, Utterance, Text: Cognitive, Pragmatic and Cultural Aspects”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.08.90.

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He, Pan. "A Contrastive Study of Metaphorical Expressions of Up Sense Spatial Words in English and Chinese." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education, Language, Art and Inter-cultural Communication (ICELAIC 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icelaic-18.2018.110.

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Twardzisz, Piotr. "Language and international relations: Linguistic support for other academic disciplines." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-11.

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This article outlines the content of an elective university course designed for domestic and international students, combining language and international relations. The course is intended to make students more sensitive to the linguistic intricacies of a specialist variety of English. The focus is on its written modes, particularly writing and reading academic (professional) texts dealing with complex foreign policy issues. As a result, students are expected to enhance their academic writing skills. The linguistic component of the course is backed up with a review of world affairs. Conversely, the field of international relations theory is enriched by a systematic study of language effects observed in the respective discourse. The interdisciplinarity of this enterprise benefits students with different academic and cultural backgrounds.
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Strenger, Natascha, and Nilgün Ulbrich. "Internationalization @ home in Engineering Education: Enhancing Social Capital in English-taught Master´s Programmes." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9391.

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German higher education institutions attract students from all over the word for degree mobility, especially after the Bologna reform has led to an increase in internationally-oriented, English-taught study programmes. With such programmes, universities serve the politically intended purpose of attracting highly qualified talent in the form of international graduates that might potentially stay for the German job market. But for the transition from studies to the work market to be successful, it is essential for international students to acquire social capital in the form of contacts to people from the host country. This paper firstly presents results of a study on the situation of students who come to study in international engineering programmes at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum in Germany, focusing on the unsatisfactory contact situation of international and German students revealed in the study. Secondly, measures of the project ELLI2 – Excellent Teaching and Learning in Engineering Sciences – are introduced that aim at improving this situation, fascilitating contact between German and international engineering students. The set-up of a tandem-programme is presented, as well as participation structure and evaluation results of the first two runs of this programm in 2017/18. In addition, an international student council network will be introduced.
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Baskakova, Anna. "The studying of Russian phraseological units and paroemias in English speaking audience." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.13153b.

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A working mechanism during the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias (proverbs and aphorisms) at the classes of Russian as foreign language with English speaking learners is presented in the article. While working in the audience, the attention is being paid to the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias in Russian and foreign students’ native language from a semantical point of view. Such concepts and ideas as family, homeland, work / service / profession, studying, friendship, human flaws and virtues, represented in the proverbs and paroemias, are being analyzed. The similarities and differences in semantic field of phraseological units and paroemias of different cultures’ speakers are found. A parallel attitude to the main categories as family, home and friendship among Russian and English speakers is shown up. During a comparative analysis, it is being observed that in definite cases similar meanings can be expressed by different lexis typical for the concrete nation. Studying of this topic promotes the dialogue of cultures.
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Baskakova, Anna. "The studying of Russian phraseological units and paroemias in English speaking audience." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.13153b.

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A working mechanism during the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias (proverbs and aphorisms) at the classes of Russian as foreign language with English speaking learners is presented in the article. While working in the audience, the attention is being paid to the comparative analysis of phraseological units and paroemias in Russian and foreign students’ native language from a semantical point of view. Such concepts and ideas as family, homeland, work / service / profession, studying, friendship, human flaws and virtues, represented in the proverbs and paroemias, are being analyzed. The similarities and differences in semantic field of phraseological units and paroemias of different cultures’ speakers are found. A parallel attitude to the main categories as family, home and friendship among Russian and English speakers is shown up. During a comparative analysis, it is being observed that in definite cases similar meanings can be expressed by different lexis typical for the concrete nation. Studying of this topic promotes the dialogue of cultures.
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Ní Riain, Isobel. "Teaching in unusual surroundings - Dún Chíomháin, a house in the countryside." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.01.

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I teach the Irish language in University College Cork (UCC), Ireland. I lead weekend courses in Dún Chíomháin which is a house owned by UCC in West Kerry. The area in which the house is located forms part of the Gaeltacht, i.e. an Irish speaking area. The goal of the weekends is for the students to speak Irish to each other in an amenable language environment. In Dún Chíomháin, a kitchen, a sitting room and a dining room make up the primary teaching spaces. The learning and teaching is conversational (Baker et al. 2002). The students and teacher interact naturally and without ceremony over cornflakes and toast. The meals are cooked by the students as the Irish words for utensils and tea towels and a host of unforeseen language needs all bubble up amongst the chaos of meal preparation. In Dún Chíomháin, students realise that they don’t know the words for several everyday objects. Such words have never been taught to them, and they have never felt the need to know them before. It is not always easy for students (first years of 18 or 19 years of age usually) to start speaking Irish to their peers when they habitually speak to them in English. I have been observing these problems for some years now and wondered what could be done to help students to make the switch from English to Irish.
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Ramsay, Allan, and Helen Seville. "Unscrambling English word order." In the 18th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992730.992742.

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Akimova, Olga. "WORD FORMATION POTENTIAL OF ENGLISH WORD TRADE MARKS." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.6/s14.093.

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Reports on the topic "Up (The English word)"

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Buchan, Greg. Student Attitudes Toward Word Processing and Writing in the English as a Second or Other Language Classroom. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6749.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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