Relevant bibliographies by topics / Upflow anaerobic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Upflow anaerobic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Upflow anaerobic"

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Sawayama, Shigeki, Tatsuo Yagishita, and Kenichiro Tsukahara. "Lighted upflow anaerobic sludge blanket." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 87, no. 2 (January 1999): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80026-7.

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G. Venkatasamy, G. Venkatasamy, and S. Aruna S. Aruna. "Treatment of Distillery Spentwash in Upflow Anaerobic Contact Filter." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2013/61.

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Wu, Jing, Pengjuan Zhao, Lei Tian, Lin Shi, and Hanchang Shi. "Internal circulation anaerobic digester—a upflow anaerobic sludge digester." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.111.

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Young, Harley W., and James C. Young. "Hydraulic Characteristics of Upflow Anaerobic Filters." Journal of Environmental Engineering 114, no. 3 (June 1988): 621–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1988)114:3(621).

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Diamantis, V. I., W. Verstraete, and A. Aivasidis. "Upflow anaerobic clarification tank (UACT) to upgrade existing anaerobic effluents." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 12 (June 1, 2009): 2411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.306.

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The Upflow Anaerobic Clarification Tank (UACT) is of interest as a post-treatment step for high-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. The UACT contributes to extra capture of methane from the raw wastewater. It also significantly facilitates the reuse of the treated water. The efficiency of the UACT process is demonstrated in this study using laboratory-scale reactors. The water produced by the UACT had a low total COD, in most cases below 145 mg/L and a soluble COD below 60 mg/L at surface loading rates between 0.1–0.4 m3/(m2 h) and hydraulic retention times between 5–6 h. The sludge bed of the UACT was characterised by 6–10 times higher substrate affinity (for ethanol, acetate and propionate) compared to the parent UASB and similar specific activity. The results suggest that a UASB followed by the UACT can, upon subsequent application of a rapid filtration, qualify as a total COD removal, no longer necessitating aerobic treatment.
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Peck, Michael W., and Freda R. Hawkes. "Anaerobic digestion of cattle slurry in an upflow anaerobic filter." Biomass 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(87)90032-1.

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Kennedy, K. J., and S. R. Guiot. "Anaerobic Upflow Bed-Filter – Development and Application." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0164.

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The Upflow Sludge Bed-Filter (UBF) design provides high active biomass concentrations and long solid retention times (SRT) allowing the treatment of dilute to high strength wastes at high organic loading rates (LR) and short hydraulic retention times (HRT). The UBF system was shown to withstand severe organic shock loads and recover within a reasonable period of time. The effect of packing material on biomass retention and biomass characteristics and reactor performance was determined. A pseudo-steady state (PSS) model was developed that predicts reactor performance as a function of HRT or biomass concentration. Application of this model to step-up and step-down experiments indicated that two sets of kinetic parameters were required to account for hysteresis effects. Application of the UBF concept to the treatment of municipal landfill leachate resulted in greater than 95% COD removal at LR upto 33 kg COD/m3.d.
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Manariotis, Ioannis D., and Sotirios G. Grigoropoulos. "Municipal-Wastewater Treatment Using Upflow-Anaerobic Filters." Water Environment Research 78, no. 3 (March 2006): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143005x90029.

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Zhang, Zhenjia, Masayuki Fukagawa, Masao Ukita, and Hiroshi Nakanishi. "The Characteristics of Upflow Anaerobic Hybrid Blanket." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 515 (1995): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1995.515_103.

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Córdoba, Pedro R., Fernando Sánchez Riera, and Faustino Sineriz. "Temperature effects on upflow anaerobic filter performance." Environmental Technology Letters 9, no. 8 (August 1988): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338809384631.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Upflow anaerobic"

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Rodriguez, Raul. "Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor : modelling." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Kemisk apparatteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-29521.

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Anaerobic treatment is widely used around the world as a biological stage in both domestic and industrial wastewater-treatment plants. The two principal advantages of anaerobic over aerobic treatment are the production of biogas, which can be used as fuel, and the lower rate of biomass production, which results in lower maintenance costs for the plant. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor is an attractive alternative for regions in hot climates since it works better under mesophilic conditions and it does not need any supporting structure for the development of microorganisms, which grow in the form of granules. In this thesis, a model describing the UASB reactor behaviour with respect to substrate degradation, microorganism growth and granule formation was developed. The model is transient and is based on mass balances for the substrate and microorganisms in the reactor. For the substrate, the processes included in the model are dispersion, advection and degradation of the organic matter in the substrate. The reaction rate for the microorganisms includes the growth and decay of the microorganisms. The decay takes into account the microorganism dying and the fraction of biomass that may be dragged into the effluent. The microorganism development is described by a Monod type equation including the death constant; the use of the Contois equation for describing the microorganism growth was also addressed.  An equation considering the substrate degradation in the granule was required, since in the UASB reactor the microorganisms form granules. For this, a stationary mass balance within the granule was carried out and an expression for the reaction kinetics was then developed. The model for the granule takes into account the mass transport through the stagnant film around the granule, the intraparticle diffusion, and the specific degradation rate. The model was solved using commercial software (COMSOL Multiphysics). The model was validated using results reported in the literature from experiments carried out at pilot scale. A simplified model was also developed considering the case in which the microorganisms are dispersed in the reactor and granules are not formed. The UASB reactor is then described as formed by many well-stirred reactors in series. The model was tested using experimental results from the literature and the sensitivity of the processes to model parameters was also addressed. The models describe satisfactorily the degradation of substrate along the height in the reactor; the major part of the substrate is degraded at the bottom of the reactor due to the high density of biomass present in that region. This type of model is a useful tool to optimize the operation of the reactor and to predict its performance.
QC 20110203
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Yan, Jing-Qing. "Anaerobic digestion of cheese whey in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31898.

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The anaerobic digestion of cheese whey was studied in an upfiow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for its start-up characteristics, the effects of various process parameters, the effect of sulfate addition and the determination of optimal operating conditions. Start-up of an UASB reactor treating cheese whey was extremely difficult due to its tendency to acidify. Various start-up strategies were tested to facilitate start-up and to ensure stable operation. Among the operating parameters, sludge loading rate was the most critical for proper start-up of the UASB reactor. The initial sludge loading rate during start-up period should not exceed 0.25 g COD/g VSS. The response of whey digestion to several process parameters was investigated. Without pH-control, over 97% COD removal was obtained for influent concentrations from 5 to 28.8 g COD/1 and HRT of 5 days. However, instability was observed when the influent concentration was increased to 38.1 g COD/1. Gas production from whey is affected by organic loading rate (OLR). At an OLR less than 4 g COD/l-d, higher influent strength resulted in a higher methane production rate. When the OLR was greater than 6, higher strength feed or shorter hydraulic retention time (HRT) produced less methane. From the profiles of substrate concentration measured at various levels above the bottom of the reactor, two reaction stages, acidogenesis and methanogenesis were distinguished. It was experimentally illustrated that the rate of acidogenesis is much faster than the rate of methanogenesis in a whey anaerobic digestion system. The accumulation of VFAs in the first stage being faster than its assimilation in the second stage creates a distinct acidogenic phase in the bottom of the reactor. The instability caused by high influent concentration could be attributed to the accumulation of VFAs beyond the assimilative capacity of the methanogenic stage. A set of empirical models for accumulation and degradation of VFAs was developed using linear regression analysis. The requirement for maintaining this system in a dynamic balance was that the degradation capacity for VFA in the second stage be greater than the accumulation of VFA in the first stage. Based on this idea, the optimal influent concentration was given as between 25 to 30 g COD/1 for system stability. A hypothesis was proposed in this study that a proper amount of sulfate may be applied to moderate the detrimental influence of excess hydrogen on a stressed anaerobic reactor. The effect of sulfate was tested to study the biochemical mechanism. The permissible influent COD concentration was increased from 30 g COD/1 to 50 g COD/1 by using sulfate addition. The pH in the reactor was on the average 0.8 units higher and the concentration of butyric acid in the acidogenic phase much lower with added sulfate than without sulfate addition. The significant improvement of process stability and treatment efficiency made by the addition of sulfate clearly illustrated that sulfate acted like a stimulator which helped to maintain conditions favorable to methanogenesis. The mechanism of this stimulation is explained according to thermodynamics and hydrogen regulation which suggested that sulfate is able to promote the β-oxidation of VFAs by consuming hydrogen. A two-stage inhibition mechanism was proposed to explain the inhibition of high VFA concentrations and the stimulation of sulfate. Higher hydrogen pressure is the cause of preliminary inhibition, resulting in the accumulation of VFAs, which subsequently inhibit the activity and growth of methanogens in the second inhibition stage. The mechanism of inhibition of methanogens from VFAs was interpreted as being caused by the acidification of the internal cytoplasm and destruction of the pH gradient by non-ionized acids based on the theory of bacterial membrane transport. A new control strategy for stabilization of an anaerobic system is recommended. Under the optimal operating conditions based on the results in the first three steps, over 97% reduction of COD was achieved when the influent COD was 30 g /l using an HRT of 2 days, an OLR of 16.61 g COD/l-d and sulfate concentration of 0.2 g/1.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Yang, Gong. "Stability and control of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386733.

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Ekekwe, Magnus Chibuzor. "Biodegradation of chloroform in an upflow anaerobic filter." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269937.

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Sam-Soon, Paul Alan Li Nai Sing. "Pelletization in the upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17151.

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Includes bibliography.
This investigation was prompted by a study into the feasibility of treating an apple juicing waste water in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor system. Past experience with this system suggested that a pelletized sludge would be produced due to the nature of the waste water. This indeed was observed but the system exhibited an unusual feature, a high removal of nitrogen far in excess of that normally found in normal anaerobic processes. This observation stimulated a far reaching investigation into, the behaviour of the pelletized sludge bed, the causes giving rise to pelletization, a biochemical model explaining pellet formation, verification of the biochemical model, criteria for pellet formation, pH control in the pelletized sludge bed, and a kinetic model for the UASB process.
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Singh, Kripa Shankar. "Municipal wastewater treatment by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0018/NQ45311.pdf.

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McClain, Robert Earl. "Microbiotic assessment of an upflow anaerobic/aerobic swine treatment process." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001.

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Hwang, Seokhwan. "Anaerobic Treatment of Whey Permeate Using Upflow Sludge Blanket Bioreactors." DigitalCommons@USU, 1993. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5400.

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Whey permeate was anaerobically digested in laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. Nine hydraulic retention times between 5 and 0.2 days were examined with a fixed influent concentration of 10.6 ± 0.2 g COD/L. Chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency ranged from 99.0 to 18.9% and maximum production rate of methane gas was 2.67 L/L/day at a hydraulic loading rate of 12.97 kg COD/m3/day. About 70% of the chemical oxygen demand removed was converted to methane. Both the nonlinear least square method with 95% confidence interval and linear regression were used to evaluate kinetic coefficients. The maximum substrate utilization rate, k, and half saturation coefficient, KL, were determined to be 1.269 ± 0.163 Kg COD/kg VSS/day and 1.000 ± 0.179 kg COD/kg VSS/day. The yield coefficient, Y, and biomass decay rate coefficient, Kd, were also determined to be 0.160 ± 0.012 kg VSS/kg COD and 0.027 ± 0.004 day-1, respectively.
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Ener, Alptekin Emel. "Anaerobic Treatment Of Dilute Wastewaters." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609461/index.pdf.

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In this study, domestic wastewater was used to determine the anaerobic treatment performances of a dilute wastewater in one-phase upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and two-phase upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) and UASB system. The acidification performances of domestic wastewater were compared in UAF and UASB reactors. The degree of acidification is higher in UAF reactor (31%) compared to UASB reactor (18%) at 2 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewaters. The effluent total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) concentration was higher in UAF reactor than that the UASB reactor at 2 h HRT. The total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) removal is 40% in winter and 53% in summer in UAF reactor at 2 h HRT. The tCOD removals in two-phase UAF and UASB system and one-phase UASB system were 83% and 63%, respectively, in 4 h HRT. The conversion rate of COD removed to methane were between 0.005 and 0.067 Nm3 methane/kg COD removed and between 0.158 and 0.233 Nm3 methane/kg COD removed in the UAF and the UASB reactor of the two-phase system, respectively. The conversion rate of COD removed to methane varied between 0.029 and 0.199 Nm3 methane/kg COD removed in one-phase UASB reactor. The results of this study showed that the two-phase reactor system consisting from UAF and UASB reactors provide a good removal of soluble organics variations in acidification reactor and better methane productions in UASB reactor at temperatures 20°
C and 35°
C through the treatment of domestic wastewater at a HRT of 4 hours.
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Lu, Jinghua. "The fate of chlorinated phenols in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7640.

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Five trichlorophenols (2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) and one dichlorophenol (3,5-dichlorophenol) were continuously treated in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors for eight months. Their anaerobic biodegradation pathways and toxicity loading limits were determined. It was found that ortho positioned chlorine was readily removed from tri- and dichlorophenols. With acclimation, meta position chlorine was also removed from 3,4-, 3,5-dichlorophenols. Although there was no evidence of 3- and 4-monochlorophenol being degraded, the mass balance of the chlorophenols indicated that more than 50% of the 3-monochlorophenol formed from its parent compounds had disappeared, and the disappearance of 4-monochlorophenol was 20%. Acclimation and adequate alternate carbon sources reduced inhibition by chlorophenols. Inhibition was caused by: 2,4,5-trichlorophenol at a specific loading rate of 0.3 mg/g volatile suspended solids (hydraulic retention time of 3 days) and 0.9 mg/g volatile suspended solids (hydraulic retention time of 1 day); 2,3,4-trichlorophenol at a specific loading rate of 2.5 mg/g volatile suspended solids (hydraulic retention time of 1 day); 2,3,5-trichlorophenol at a specific loading rate of 1.25 mg/g volatile suspended solids (hydraulic retention time of 1 day); 3,5-dichlorophenol at a specific loading rate of 3.0 mg/g volatile suspend solids (hydraulic retention time of 1 day). The sorption isotherms of all the mono-, di- tri-chlorophenols as well as pentachlorophenol were determined. Biosorption of chlorophenols by anaerobic granular biomass fitted the Freundlich model. Biosorption of chlorophenols increased with increasing halogenation of the chlorophenols. The conditions used in batch sorption tests were similar to those in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket systems. The biosorption constants determined were successfully used to estimate the amount of chlorophenols sorbed by biomass in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket systems. Biosorption accounted for as much as 6% of the total chlorophenol removal. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Books on the topic "Upflow anaerobic"

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Ugurlu, Aysenur. An examination of thermophilic anaerobic upflow filters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Ahn, Johng-Hwa. A comparison of mesophilic and thermophilic upflow anaerobic filters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2001.

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Schmidt, Jens E. Granular sludge formation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. New York: Wiley, 1996.

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T, Harris Michael, and Water Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. The Loves Creek anaerobic upflow (ANFLOW) pilot plant: Performance summary. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Low, Edmond J. A method of PCB metabolite determination in anaerobic freshwater sediments using a upflow anaerobic biofiltration process (ANBIOF). 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Upflow anaerobic"

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Grauer, B., S. M. R. Bhamidimarri, and R. L. Earle. "Anaerobic Treatment of High Strength Dairy Processing Waste in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor." In Developments in Food Engineering, 1011–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2674-2_331.

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González, Linda, and Eleazar Escamilla Silva. "Biodegradation of a Reactive Red Azo Dye in an Upflow Anaerobic Bioreactor." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 299–316. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05432-7_22.

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Naomichi, Nishio, Fukuzaki Satoshi, and Nagai Shiro. "Characteristics of Granular Methanogenic Sludge Grown on Different Substrates in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor." In Biochemical Engineering for 2001, 792–95. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68180-9_211.

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Schmidt, Jens Ejbye, and Birgitte Kaer Ahring. "Treatment of wastewater from a multi-product food processing company, in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors: The effect of seasonal variation." In Global Environmental Biotechnology, 245–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1711-3_21.

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"upflow anaerobic sludge method." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1464. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_210772.

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"Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors." In Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries, 217–23. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781849771023-24.

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Endo, G., and Y. Tohya. "ANAEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF HUMAN EXCRETA BY UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESS." In Water Pollution Control in Asia, 361–67. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036884-9.50054-5.

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Cáceres-Acosta, Nancy, Miriam Salgado-Herrera, Eddie Laboy-Nieves, and Evens Emmanuel. "Viability of the upflow anaerobic sludge process for risk management of wastewater treatment." In Environmental and Human Health, 251–64. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10540-22.

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Maharjan, Namita, Choolaka Hewawasam, Masashi Hatamoto, Takashi Yamaguchi, Hideki Harada, and Nobuo Araki. "Downflow Hanging Sponge System: A Self-Sustaining Option for Wastewater Treatment." In Wastewater Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94287.

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Need of self-sustaining wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become critical to cope up with dynamics of the environmental regulations and rapid advancements in the contemporary technologies. At present there are limited number of self-sustaining WWTPs around the world. The aim of this chapter is to present state -of- art of Downflow Hanging Sponge (DHS) system which was developed as a post treatment unit of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) from sustainability perspective. DHS system is a non-submerged fixed bed trickling filter (TF) that employs a core technology of polyurethane sponges as a media where the microorganisms thrive and major treatment processes take place. This chapter reviews the introduction of DHS system (UASB+DHS) summarizes the quantitative analysis of environmental, economic and social sustainability using indicators. Furthermore, self-sustaining prospects of DHS system are assessed and discussed by comparing with conventional TF (UASB+TF).
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Eregowda, Tejaswini. "Volatile fatty acid production from Kraft mill foul condensate in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors." In Anaerobic treatment and resource recovery from methanol rich waste gases and wastewaters, 135–64. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367816520-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Upflow anaerobic"

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Angulo, Fabiola, Gerard Olivar, and Alejandro Rincon. "Control of an anaerobic upflow fixed bed bioreactor." In 2007 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2007.4433758.

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Rodriguez, R., and L. Moreno. "Modelling of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor." In WATER POLLUTION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp100261.

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Marcelo Bruno and Roberto Alves de Oliveira. "Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater from Coffee Pulping in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) in Two Stages." In Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25498.

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Nwaigwe, Kevin N., Nnamdi V. Ogueke, Chibuike Ononogbo, and Emmanuel E. Anyanwu. "Performance Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Municipal Waste in Upflow Bioreactor With Central Substrate Dispenser." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64064.

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A performance study of anaerobic digestion of organic municipal waste in upflow bioreactor with central substrate dispenser is presented. The experimental rig is based on an integrated system of bioreactors consisting of Upflow Bioreactor (UB), Upflow Bioreactor with Central Subtrate Dispenser (UBCSD), and Continous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) each having internal volume of 76 litres, 64.8 litres, and 76 litres respectively. The scheme is used for minimizing the mixing and fouling problems associated with some conventional bioreactors during digestion reaction. Organic municipal waste (OMW) was used to prepare the slurry for the reactors. Microbial reaction was enhanced during operation using a measured quantity (2kg) of substances from the rumen of a newly slaughtered cow. The experimentation from feeder tank to Bioreactors was carried out for a period of 10-days Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) at 37°C. Effects of some basic parameters affecting anaerobic digestion in terms of biogas production and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction were carried out. They include substrate temperature, minimal average temperature, changes in temperature, substrate content and properties, available nutrient, retention time, organic loading rate, pH level, nitrogen inhibition and C/N ratio, substrate agitation, and inhibitory factors. Results showed that UBSCD generated the highest level of Biogas yield of up to 52915 ml, while UB and CSTR yielded 23550ml and 28980ml respectively. Similarly for COD removal, 24343 mg/l, 5775.4 mg/l, and 23155 mg/l were achieved for UBCSD, UB and CSTR respectively from an initial value of 120,320 mg/l. These results show that the use of UBCSD better enhances biofuel production from organic municipal waste.
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Mullai, P., M. K. Yogeswari, K. Sridevi, and N. Saritha. "Biotreatment of simulated atrazine wastewater using hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor." In 2011 International Conference on Green Technology and Environmental Conservation (GTEC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtec.2011.6167677.

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Xin, Xin, Yijin Yang, Xiandong Tan, Xueqiao Zhang, Jianying Liu, and Yanxin Wang. "Hypersaline Wastewater Treatment by CaCl2-Tolerant Bacteria-Supplement in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162913.

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TANEJA, RAJESH, MANISH KUMAR, A. K. RAGHAV, and ATUL K. MITTAL. "ON SITE INTEGRATED LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT: RECIRCULATION AND UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET REACTOR (UASBR)." In Proceedings of the International Conference on CBEE 2009. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295048_0033.

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Hassan, Gamal, Mohamed Azab El-Liethy, Fatma El-Gohary, Sherien Elagroudy, Mohamed Abo-Aly, and Isam Janajreh. "Two-stage Anaerobic Upflow Biofilm Reactor for Simultaneous Hydrogen and Methane Production from Food Waste." In 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2018.8702993.

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9

He, Yating, Jiaxin Geng, and Pengfei Yu. "The Effect of Operating of A modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket for Landfill Leachate Treatment." In 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.350.

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10

Liu, Jianguang, Chunyang Zhang, Guanglan Zhang, and Hainan Gan. "Reclaiming bioenergy from alcohol wastewater by upflow anaerobic solid reactor process and high value use of biogas." In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943855.

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