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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Upholstery furniture'
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1
Brewer, Peter John. "An investigation into significant developments in period upholstery practice : with special reference to the nineteenth century and illustrated by provenanced examples." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251837.
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Somi, Bongiwe Promrose. "Investigating the possibility of using wild silk fancy yarns to produce upholstery fabrics for home furniture." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7616.
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About a decade ago an attempt to build a viable wild silk industry, prompted by the discovery of the naturally available wild silk cocoons in the North West Province of South Africa, was made and a degumming plant was established in the Ganyesa village. The challenges faced in that establishment soon brought the developments to a standstill and cited among the problems was the lack of designer input in the production stages, which resulted in poor quality products. Focusing on the design problem the intention of this research is to explore a more effective design and production method for the wild silk fabrics. Through assessing the previously produced fabrics in order to identify their limitations, and by experimenting with innovative fabric production processes, a suitable aesthetic quality can be added to the final products. Starting with the investigation of current trends and choosing a design theme as a guide for the production process, fabric samples intended for use in upholstery of home furniture are developed. With the objective of successfully achieving a balance between aesthetic appeal and suitability for the intended end use, the fabrics are subjected to performance assessments based on internationally recognised standards. From the findings of this research it is therefore envisaged that, from the design aspect, proper redevelopment of the South African wild silk industry could encourage further involvement from textile designers. This would bring more improvement to the fabrics produced and encourage their use in different applications.
3
Stjernlöf, Ann-Sofie. "Se men inte röra : Röntgen som verktyg i dokumentation av historiska stoppningar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Carl Malmsten - furniture studies, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94579.
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How can we use modern X-ray technology to raise awareness of the information that is hidden in historic upholstery? The materials and techniques add information to the history object in question and about a profession that is sparsely documented in our country. The knowledge we have today has largely been obtained by studying damaged upholstery, or by removing the show cover and upholstery, a technique which involves high risk of damaging the upholstery. X-ray technology offers a non- intrusive way to examine historical upholstery. Through case studies, I examined four artefacts. The artefacts went trough an inititial visual exam before being transported to The National Heritage Board in Visby where they underwent a thorough X-ray exam. This thesis investigates the process of X-raying historical furniture and gives examples of how to interpret the images. As part of the result, I have begun to create a manual that is intended to present a method that can be used in the process of documentating upholstered furniture using X-ray.Hur kan vi med hjälp av röntgenteknik öka kunskapen om den information som göms i historiska stoppningar? De använda materialen och teknikerna tillför en mängd information till stolens historia och berättar om en yrkesgrupp som är sparsamt dokumenterad i vårt land. Den kunskapen vi har till stor del inhämtats genom att man studerat skadade stoppningar, eller att klädsel och stoppning öppnats upp, en teknik som innebär en stor skaderisk. Röntgentekniken ger möjligheten att undersöka en historisk stoppning, utan att göra åverkan på möbeln. I fallstudier har jag undersökt fyra föremål från ca 1750 - 1800 genom en inledande okulärbesiktning, för att sedan transportera föremålen till Riksantikvarieämbetet i Visby där de genomgått en röntgenundersökning. Jag visar på en metod för hur man kan gå till väga i arbetet med att röntga kulturhistoriskt intressanta möbler samt ger exempel på hur man kan utläsa information i bilderna samt vilka för- och nackdelar som förknippas med tekniken. Som ett resultat av undersökningen har jag påbörjat arbetet med att skapa en manual som visar hur man kan använda sig av röntgen som verktyg i dokumentation av historiska stoppningar.
4
Oltikar, Akhil Manohar. "Computer-Aided Engineering of Plywood Upholstered Furniture Frames." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20001221-130641.
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Until the early 1900s, furniture was built by hand, one piece at a time. The industrial revolution and modern manufacturing technology has changed all of that. Today, as the furniture industry moves firmly into the next century, computerized systems and automated manufacturing have become more common to the industry. This thesis represents an effort to analyze the current practices in computer-aided design of upholstered furniture, specifically plywood frame furniture, and to develop new procedures for reducing the lead-time in upholstery product development. Different 3-D modeling techniques for designing plywood furniture frames and their features have been developed and implemented. A plywood frame feature library has been created, and geometric relations needed to fully constrain each feature type have been developed. This reduces modeling time and also increases consistency in the solid models. A new reverse engineering procedure, using an articulating arm, has been proposed, implemented, and tested for 3-D digitization of plywood frames. The proposed methodology eliminates some of the traditional processes currently followed in the industry, thus making the product development faster and more streamlined. Further, an algorithm has been developed, implemented and tested for automatically mirroring plywood upholstery frame assemblies in a CAD system. The algorithm considerably reduces the modeling lead-time in the product development process. Finally, some future work that considers currently available 3-D CAD technologies has been recommended which would help close the gap between upholstery designers and manufacturers.
5
Coles, Andrew R. "Flammability of Upholstered Furniture Using the Cone Calorimeter." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8259.
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With the development of modem materials, upholstered furniture posses a high fuel load and life safety threat. Due to the rapid growth rate of the organic material and the toxic combustion products, these fires usually lead to hazardous conditions and uncontrollable fires.
The heat release of a burning item is considered as the most important property in fire hazard analysis. The application of the European CBUF programme to New Zealand upholstered furniture is an ongoing initiative of the University of Canterbury.
The combustion behaviour of 3 foams combined with 14 fabrics were analysed using the cone calorimeter to provide data to predict full scale furniture fires. The major results that were derived form the Cone Calorimeter results is there is a pronounced fabric effect with regard to flammability and combustion characteristics.
Model I from the CBUF programme was applied to New Zealand furniture as to predict potential fire hazards from these small-scale results. It was found that fabrics that posed the greatest fire hazard were PE, PP, olefin and viscose which consistently produced high peak HRR, high total heat released and fast times to peak HRR and times to untenable conditions. The foams that posed the greatest fire hazard when coupled with these fabrics was a standard polyurethane foam and a high density polyurethane foam.
The ability of Model I to compensate for foam and fabric chemical compositions was limited which was reflected throughout the results. Its dependence on various experimentally variables limit its ability and power to predict various parameters if unattainable. Model I can be considered a conservative design model with resect to peak
HRR, total heat released and time to peak HRR.
6
Girgis, Nabil. "Full-scale compartment on fire experiments on "upholstered furniture"." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8270.
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This experimental research is part of an overall ongoing research program on domestic fire hazards, conducted at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, by the Civil Engineering Department (Fire Engineering).
The research program aimed to predict the behaviour of upholstered furniture in fires and the hazards produced during their burning. Experiments were conducted on six identical style chairs inside the standard ISO-Room. The six chairs had the same size, shape, timber frame, and fabric, but a different type of foam was used for each chair.
Experimental measurements for each chair included: Heat-release rate, heat-flux on the floor of the fire-test room, mass-loss of the burning chairs, and temperature history inside the fire-test room, also the mole fractions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen inside the exhaust duct. Data is presented in graphs and tables. From the experiments it was found that each type of foam presented different fire hazards. But each of them had a rapid-fire growth. It was also found that some of the chairs produced more than one type of fire hazards and others relatively had a better performance.
Data obtained from ISO Room experiments were compared with those obtained from the furniture calorimeter tests for identical chairs. Studies and analysis carried out and focused on the fire performance for different foam types and the impact of the surrounding environment on the fire hazards produced by each foam type. It was clear from the comparison between both the ISO Room experiments and the Furniture
Calorimeter tests that the larger space produced less hazardous effects than a small compartment. The foam performance in the large space was better than its performance inside the small room.
7
Enright, P. A. "Heat release and the combustion behaviour of upholstered furniture." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6024.
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This work forms the first phase of a continuing initiative aimed at reducing fire deaths in residential dwellings in New Zealand (NZ).
Loss of life in residential buildings dominates NZ annual fire death statistics. Few items within these buildings have the potential to bring about untenable conditions as swiftly as upholstered furniture. It is a major goal of safety research - and this work in particular to better assess the hazard of furniture fires. Especially, in respect to our ability to predict this hazard.
The heat release rate of a burning item is acknowledged as the most important property in fire hazard analysis. As a starting point, this work includes a critical review of reaction to fire calorimetric techniques. These techniques are the basis of heat release rate measurement.
The technique of oxygen consumption calorimetry is subjected to a comprehensive uncertainty analysis. This includes a detailed example of the application of this analysis to a common Standard Test Method. A less favoured calorimetry technique based on thermochemistry is redeveloped. Its usefulness as a calibration tool in respect to oxygen consumption calorimetry is explored. This is helpful as the thermochemistry technique is independent of oxygen concentration measurement, which in turn is the crucial parameter in oxygen consumption calorimetry.
The combustion behaviour of dozens of small-scale furniture composites and 13 full-scale furniture items are tested using the above principles. The experimental programme used the newly commissioned cone and furniture calorimeters. The characterisation of these apparatuses appear in this work.
The experimental results are used to validate the applicability of widely published European furniture fire models, to NZ items. This study shows that these existing techniques, while comprehensive, do not predict with goodness the combustion behaviour of NZ furniture. However, the NZ data set is small and the direction of future initiatives are detailed.
8
Enright, Tony. "Heat Release and the Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8265.
Full textAbstract:
This work forms the first phase of a continuing initiative aimed at reducing fire deaths in residential dwellings in New Zealand (NZ).
Loss of life in residential buildings dominates NZ annual fire death statistics. Few items within these buildings have the potential to bring about untenable conditions as swiftly as upholstered furniture. It is a major goal of safety research - and this work in particular – to better assess the hazard of furniture fires. Especially, in respect to our ability to predict this hazard.
The heat release rate of a burning item is acknowledged as the most important property in fire hazard analysis. As a starting point, this work includes a critical review of reaction to fire calorimetric techniques. These techniques are the basis of heat release rate measurement.
The technique of oxygen consumption calorimetry is subjected to a comprehensive uncertainty analysis. This includes a detailed example of the application of this analysis to a common Standard Test Method. A less favoured calorimetry technique based on thermochemistry is redeveloped. Its usefulness as a calibration tool in respect to oxygen consumption calorimetry is explored. This is helpful as the thermochemistry technique is independent of oxygen concentration measurement, which in tum is the crucial parameter in oxygen consumption calorimetry.
The combustion behaviour of dozens of small-scale furniture composites and 13 full-scale furniture items are tested using the above principles. The experimental programme used the newly commissioned cone and furniture calorimeters. The characterisation of these apparatuses appear in this work.
The experimental results are used to validate the applicability of widely published European furniture fire models, to NZ items. This study shows that these existing techniques, while comprehensive, do not predict with goodness the combustion behaviour of NZ furniture. However, the NZ data set is small and the direction of future initiatives are detailed.
9
Denize, Hamish. "The Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered Furniture Materials in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8263.
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This Research Project evaluates the combustion severity of New Zealand upholstered furniture materials. Experimental combustion tests on typical upholstered furniture fabric and polyurethane foam combinations form the basis for all conclusions reached.
63 bench-scale Cone Calorimeter and 10 full-scale armchair Furniture Calorimeter combustion tests were conducted in the Fire Engineering Laboratory at the University of Canterbury. 7 different polyurethane foams, including 2 fire-retardant, are tested along with 100% polypropylene and 95% woollen fabrics. These tests demonstrate that the variation of foam and fabric covering play a substantial role in influencing the combustion characteristics.
Between the wool and polypropylene fabric types, there were several combustion behavioural differences identified. Most significantly was the ability of the woollen fabric to remain in place under intense heat exposure for a longer time than the polypropylene. This had the effect of prolonging the ignition times in the Cone Calorimeter tests and increasing the time to peak heat release rates (HRRs) for both the Cone and Furniture Calorimeter tests.
The effects of the various types of polyurethane foam were generally less significant than the effects caused by varying the fabric type. However, one type of fire retardant foam showed combustion characteristics that were significantly out of pattern from the others, by having prolonged ignition times and longer times to peak HRRs in the Cone and Furniture Calorimeter tests respectively. Thus the effects of the fire retardant foam was clearly shown to interfere with the combustion behaviour.
All experimental methods in this Research Project follow the methods developed by the
European fire research programme CBUF- Combustion Behaviour of Upholstered furniture. Thus, the results in this Research Project are meaningful on an international level. Model I, a method for predicting full-scale burning combustion characteristics from bench-scale test data, as developed by the European CBUF research, is applied to the New Zealand materials. The full-scale furniture combustion Model is compared in three areas, which are the value of peak HRR (kW), time to peak HRR (s) and the total amount of heat released (MJ), from burning full-scale armchairs. The Model does not accurately predict the full-scale burning characteristics, especially for the predicted time to peak HRR and total heat released. Instead the Model is conservative from a design perspective, predicting the time to peak HRR in a shorter time and a higher total heat release. For the peak HRR prediction, the Model achieves a level of confidence comparable with the European data that was used to validate the Model. Therefore it is considered accurate enough to be used to predict the peak HRR for the selected full-scale armchair style, without doing full-scale tests.
10
Young, Elizabeth Anne. "Standardising Design Fires For Residential and Apartment Buildings: Upholstered Furniture Fires." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1959.
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This purpose of this research was to develop a credible set of furniture design fires for
residential/apartment buildings and determine a methodology for incorporating compartment effects in
design fires. Design fires can be defined using various outputs, the most important being the HRR
profile, and depending on the application the following may also be relevant:
· Smoke production rates
· Soot yield
· Species production rates
· Temperature profiles
· Visibility
· Heat fluxes
· Mass loss rate of the fuel
· Flame spread
There were three phases to this project: The first phase of this project was a comprehensive data and
literature review to determine the amount of experimental data available and commonly accepted
burning characteristics for upholstered furniture; armchairs, 2-seater sofas, 3-seater sofas, beds and
bedding assemblies, and commonly accepted burning characteristics and compartment effects. A large
proportion of the review provided only qualitative guidance for design fires.
In the second phase the data collected during the review was collated and used to quantitatively
analyse key fire characteristics. These were
· peak HRR,
· time to peak HRR,
· growth rate,
· total heat released and
· maximum CO/CO2 ratio.
A methodology was developed to statistically analyse experimental data using BestFit, and where there
was sufficient data the 98th percentile of the statistical analysis was used as a quantitative guide for
furniture design fires. Similarly, compartment effects were incorporated into the design fires by
analysing and comparing the experimental data from free burn and room burn tests of the same
furniture item. The same statistical analysis was used to determine likely changes in the key fire
characteristics mentioned above.
A methodology for determining design fires for upholstered furniture was devised, however the small
number of data sets available for analysis meant the quantitative results were only indicative.
The third phase was to attempt to model furniture fires using FDS, which determined that at the time of
this project, FDS was not capable of modelling simple furniture fires accurately. The simulation results
varied significantly from the experimental results and a number of limitations were identified. Therefore
FDS should not be used to create design fires using the heat of combustion method, which relies on the
users’ definition of material properties.
11
Wong, Chelsia. "Contribution of Upholstered Furniture to Residential Fire Fatalities in New Zealand." University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8301.
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This report examines the features of fatal residential fire incidents involving upholstered furniture in New Zealand over the period of 1996 to 2000.
Included in this report is an analysis of the New Zealand Fire Service (NZFS) Emergency
Incident Statistics from 1995 to 1999. Further investigation was also undertaken based on information from the Fire Incident Reporting System (FIRS) data from 1996 to 2000.
It was found that upholstered furniture was involved in 35.4% of all residential fire fatalities in a five-year period between 1996 to 2000. An analysis of common trends found in fatal residential fires involving upholstered furniture has also been included in this report.
It was concluded that fatal residential fire incidents involving upholstered furniture typically resulted in a single fatality even though there was usually more than one person present in the residential structure when ignition occurred. Young children, the elderly and persons intoxicated by drugs or alcohol were particularly susceptible in such fires with most occupants asleep when ignition occurred. The most common cause of death for occupants remote from the room of fire origin was smoke inhalation while for occupants within the room of fire origin, it was from severe bums or exposure to heat and smoke from the fire. Smoke detectors were not present or defective in most of these incidents. Upholstered furniture was usually not the object first ignited, meaning that it was ignited later on in the fire by means of either small flame or large flame ignition sources.
Other factors influencing fire fatalities in residential property were also discussed.
Comparisons were made with similar studies done in other countries, namely the U.S., United Kingdom and Australia. Finally, conclusions were drawn from the results obtained. Recommendations and suggestions for future research were also included in this report.
12
Wang, Xiao Dong. "Designing, modelling and testing of joints and attachment systems for the use of OSB in upholstered furniture frames." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24743/24743.pdf.
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Wickens, Joelle D. J. "Eero Aarnio's 'Globe' : a platform for an investigation of challeges and possibilities related to the conservation of twentieth century foam upholstered furniture." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444129.
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JIANG, YI-TONG, and 姜懿桐. "Research on the Seat Features of Green Upholstered Furniture." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9p6j9m.
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碩士輔仁大學
應用美術學系碩士班
106
In recent years, environmental degradation has brought many problems. Many consumers are increasingly inclined to purchase eco-friendly upholstered furniture, which also makes the value of the upholstered furniture market gradually increase to become the darling of the furniture market in recent years. In this study, environmental protection upholstered furniture was taken as the starting point, and the purpose of the study was to explore the design of eco-friendly upholstered furniture. This research mainly focuses on the combination of focus group method and content analysis method, and discusses through a focus group of 7 people: analyzes the design features of 256 research samples of 16 upholstered furniture brands, and formulates the content analysis method. Facet. Then entered the content analysis method reliability test, the average value of the three coders' reliability test in this study was 0.92. After the reliability test, content analysis coding was officially started. The analysis of this study's environmental protection upholstered furniture samples shows that: 1. The basic design composition can be divided into: seat type, decoration techniques, color types, texture types, modeling features and use functions; Second, the study classical style design consists of: color The warm color system accounted for 43.8%, the decorative patterns and multi-pattern carvings accounted for 25.9%, the raw material for wood accounted for 30.2%, the fabrics for pure cloths accounted for 25.6%, and the Baroque and Rococo style designs consisted of: Curve-based accounting for 5.3 %, mostly warm colors accounted for 40.9%, decorative patterns, multi-pattern carvings accounted for 36.4%, more complicated textures accounted for 17.4%, mostly for pure cloths, accounting for 14.5%; modern furniture, style design composition favored straight lines, mainly accounted for 6.5%, Most of the decoration methods are inlaid with 50.8%, most of which are without textures 17.5%, most of which can be made with recliners 58.8%; the post-modern style patterns are composed of: colors tend to be multi-colored, accounting for 69.0%, and straight-line accounts for 7.5%. 88.9% of the decorative techniques are depicted, 15.7% are complex and diverse, and 32.5% are mostly pure fabrics. The functional sample design consists of 8.6% of straight lines and 43.8% of decorative techniques. More than a simple ornamentation accounted for 23.4%; analysis found that the use of functional classes constitute upholstered furniture design gradually constitute a concession to use the function. I hope to follow up as a reference for designers of cushioned seats.
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Xu, Kun-Huang, and 許坤煌. "The Study of Combustion Behavior of Upholstered Furniture Materials." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82065290625376279831.
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Annamalai, Sattanathan. "An investigation of high speed machining on CNC routers used for upholstered furniture manufacturing." 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09132003-065907/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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陳以修. "The Study of Combustibility of Interior Finish Materials and Upholstered Furniture in Full-Scale Room Fire Tests." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32124229458041114333.
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碩士國立交通大學
機械工程研究所
85
This research carries out two kinds of large scale tests: one is furniture burning test; the other is the ISO 9705 fire room text. They serve as the preliminary study for the real scale KTV burning room tests. The main goal is to understand the combustion behaviors when the room, such as the KTV room, is decorated with wall furnishing materials and furniture. Via these test procedures, resutls and experience, we can properly design the real-scale fire room tests. In the furniture burning test, first we select an appropriate ignition source from three kinds of pilot flames, which comply to BS 5852 standard. Then, we use this chosen pilot flame as the ignition source for the burning tests of the sofa in the furniture calorimeter and room calorimeter to investigate its burning characteristics under the different environments. In the ISO burning room tests, we select three composite materials, which the wall material is covered by a sheet of wall paper (area density is approximately 215 g/m2), as the interior furnishing for testing. These composite materials are tested in advance by bench scale fire performance testing apparatuses, such as surface test apparatus, cone calorimeter, etc.. The construction method is exactly the same as what the real KTV store is commonly used. Then we use the propane turner to simulate the intensive power output as in the real are situation in order to understand the combustion behaviors of these materials in an approximate end-use conditions. From the test results, we find that the peak of heat release rate for a single sofa burning in the room is about 1.22 times of that in free burning condition. In the ISO 9705 burning room tests, the composite material of gypsum board and fire retardant wall paper has the best fire protection behavior. The composite, which using calcium silicate board as the base material, is found broken as the power output of propane burner is increased to 300KW which results in a very high back temperature. Similar behavior is found for magnesia board due to its thin thickness and high conductivity. These high back temperatures can make the combustible materials behind the ceiling, such as the wires or air condition pipes, to be ignited to increase the hazard of fire spread. Also this high back temperature will not allow the use of wooden construction behind the ceiling, otherwise, the wood will be ignited to combustion which cannot support the ceiling and result in the hazardous fire spread. From above findings in the large scale tests, we conclude that the bench scale standard test, CNS 6532 (Surface test), should examine the effects of back temperature and the breakage, which now are not taken into consideration for the final certification of the fire performance evaluation.