Journal articles: 'Upholstery furniture'

1

Gandhi, Sanjeev, and Steven M. Spivak. "A Survey of Upholstered Furniture Fabrics and Implications for Furniture Flammability." Journal of Fire Sciences 12, no. 3 (May 1994): 284–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419401200305.

Full text

Abstract:

Upholstery fabric and padding material play an important role in upholstered furniture flammability. As market preferences for upholstery fibers and fabrics change, there are significant implications for fire safety. Fiber consumption data and fabric surveys show an increasing usage of cotton fibers in upholstery, leading to higher ignition propensity. Of particular impor tance are the cotton fiber's alkali metal ion content, and heavier weight fabric constructions, in determining the susceptibility for smoldering ignition due to smoking materials. To realize the goal of fire-resistant upholstered furniture, while still satisfying consumer preferences for fiber, style and design, the criti cal trends and controlling factors in upholstery flammability are emphasized. A review of regulatory approaches to redress the problem is also included, in view of recent petitions by the fire marshals (NASFM) calling for mandatory Federal standards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Omer, Salah-Eldien. "Leather used in Furniture Upholstery." Koža & obuća 69, no. 2 (2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34187/ko.69.2.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, there is a lot of leather material in the international market with different specifications and qualities. Since the furniture production, especially for the upholstered sofa, chairs, and similar products, are assembled and connected with a combination of glue and connectors, we need a specific selection for each product. Types of leather and their qualities are varied as well as the price. To assure the quality of the product we need to define many factors affecting the durability of the leather build in the furniture. Testing the planned leather is always recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Čech, Petr, and Daniela Tesařová. "Materials Used for the Production of Upholstered Furniture Like Source of Odors in Interior." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 1 (2014): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462010039.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigates the problematic of VOC emissions and their assessment by olfactory methods. The main goal of this contribution is determine the odors emitted by upholstery fabrics used for upholstered furniture. This contribution researches the correlation between the results, which were obtained by the olfactory assessment and the results of the measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by choose the kind of covering textiles. This research judged the influence of upholstery fabrics with different chemical composition (polyester, cotton and mixture of viscose and cotton) on olfactometric assessment. It was mainly focused on the determination of Hedonic tone and intensity of the odor. These olfactometric characteristics were determined using an equipment Sniffer 9000. Concurrently was also assessed the influence of climatic conditions in small space chamber on olfactometric assessment of tested materials. The climatic conditions differed mainly in terms of temperature and relative humidity in small space chamber. The results are compared with sensory perceptions and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOCs performed by using the gas chromatograph Agilent GC 6790 with mass spectrometer detector 5973. The experimental section shows that, the various types of criticized upholstery fabrics with different chemical composition emitted relatively low concentrations of VOC emissions. It was also demonstrated the influence of climatic conditions on VOC emissions and while on their olfactometric assessment. The tested materials of upholstery fabric showed very intensive olfactory sensation, which were described as very unpleasant (−4) in some cases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Laperre, J., and K. T. Paul. "Development of a New Large Flaming Ignition Source for Upholstered Seating and Mattress Tests. Part 2: Ignition Behaviour of Different Large Flaming Sources on Mattresses and Upholstered Composites." Cellular Polymers 21, no. 4 (July 2002): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930202100403.

Full text

Abstract:

Flaming ignition sources are used in standard tests to assess the ignitability of upholstery seating and mattress composites. These sources should preferably be equivalent to ignition sources occurring in real life situations. BS5852 defines a total of seven ignition sources of which the No. 5 Crib is used for testing upholstered seating and mattresses designated for use in public premises. This paper discusses different candidate ignition sources and compares them with the 20 gram newspaper ignition source required by the EC as part of the earlier draft Furniture Directive. Modified crib structures as well as multi-jet gas burners have been studied and the final selection of the ignition source was based on extensive tests on upholstery seating and mattress composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Mateos Martín, Mario, and Pilar Benito García. "Connected Royal Oficios (offices): Furriera, Upholstery and Guardajoyas." Res Mobilis 10, no. 13-1 (April 15, 2021): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/rm.10.13-1.2021.148-164.

Full text

Abstract:

As a general rule, during 18th century the production and treatment of furniture within the Spanish court was determined by the characteristics of the raw materials used for its construction, mainly the wood and the textile. The pre-eminance of one of these materials explained the management of furniture by different Oficios (offices) of the Royal Household. If wood was considered the key element, the furniture would be managed by the Furriera. When a textile was the most outstanding element, the Tapicería was the Oficio in charge of it. The presence of rich elements such as gold, silver or precious stones meant that the Guardajoyas was also involved. Therefore, it can be established that there was a close collaboration between the different workers of the Royal household. However, materials were not always the reason why a furniture was going to be managed by one Oficio or another so, occasionally, function and/or type of furniture were also the key elements that determined its management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Fabisiak, Beata, Anna Jankowska, Robert Kłos, Joan Knudsen, Sari Merilampi, and Elina Priedulena. "Comparative study on design and functionality requirements for senior-friendly furniture for sitting." BioResources 16, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 6244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.6244-6266.

Full text

Abstract:

Furniture manufacturers’ response to the demographic challenge of aging nations is an important issue. The number of seniors is rising worldwide. The aging process often results in multiple health implications, including weaker mobility, decrease in muscle mass, and change in anthropometrical dimensions of the human body. Thus, the furniture offered should be adjusted to the needs of an increasing group of senior customers. To identify seniors’ preferences in relation to characteristics of sitting furniture, international surveys with 627 respondents aged 60+ years were conducted in Poland, Germany, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, and Lithuania. The implementation of this data in the design process may result in creation of the market offer meeting seniors’ needs. Design and functionality features were examined to provide guidance for senior-friendly development of furniture for sitting. Among the most important findings is the clear preference of having an armchair with the high backrest reaching above the head, a chair with armrests and an upholstered backrest and seat. Furthermore, respondents paid attention to the durability of furniture, stain resistance of upholstery, and adaptation of the furniture to the user’s dimensions, e.g., having influence on the height and depth of the seat before the purchase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Greear, Linda C., William Z. Hudson, Richard Jupe, Dallas O. Pinion, and Joseph T. Wanna. "Ignition Responses of Fifty Upholstery Fabrics to Commercial Cigarettes." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 6 (November 1996): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400601.

Full text

Abstract:

Fifty cellulosic upholstered furniture fabrics were purchased in the Richmond, Virginia area and tested to determine their ignition responses to eleven commercial cigarette brands. Six of the commercial brands (A-F) had been identified by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), using their cotton duck substrate test method, as having reduced ignition pro pensity. The six cigarettes had "unconventional"4 characteristics deemed by NIST as likely to lower cigarette ignition propensity: smaller circumference, lower permeability paper, and/or reduced paper citrate. On the cotton duck fabrics, these cigarettes were extinguished frequently. On the fifty upholstery fabrics, the cigarettes rarely were extinguished. NIST also tested fourteen "con ventional,"5 best-selling brands that their cotton duck test method classified as "strong" igniters. Five brands (1-5) tested here on upholstery fabrics were also major commercial brands of "conventional" design. Testing of the fifty upholstery fabrics and eleven cigarettes followed the protocol developed by NIST with exceptions that upholstery fabrics replaced cotton ducks and polyethylene film was not used between fabrics and foam. Standard ANOVA analysis of ignition responses of the fifty upholstery fabrics showed that the two cigarette types, A-F and 1-5, were statistically similar: the differences in igni tions reported by NIST using cotton duck as the test fabric were not found with this broad range of actual upholstery fabrics. Differences in ignition responses among the fabrics did range from igniting in all tests to not igniting in any test, and from igniting more frequently with the six "lower ignition propensity" cigarette brands to more frequently with the five "conventional" ones.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Jucienė, Milda, and Jonas Vobolis. "Researching into the methodology for the evaluation of deformed soft furniture upholstery." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (February 22, 2013): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556221311292219.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate upholstery deformation by using resonant vibrations of separate zones of the soft part.Design/methodology/approachBy recording the value of resonant frequency at separate points of the plane, it becomes possible to obtain the graph of deformation distribution. It is compared to the graph that demonstrates how rigidity distributes itself in different directions within the upholstery fabric. This enables the evaluation of unevenness of upholstery deformation that is present in different directions.FindingsThe provided methodology allows assessing the quality of soft furniture assembly and predicting the exploitation time for its upholstery.Originality/valueThe test results obtained using the original methodology enable the assessment of manufacturing defects existing in various directions (for example, the shape of different parts during the cutting process, the unevenness of seam width and others), as well as the quality of furniture during the production and exploitation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Laperre, J., and K. T. Paul. "Development of a New Large Flaming Ignition Source for Upholstered Seating and Mattress Tests. Part 1: Characterisation of Ignition Sources." Cellular Polymers 21, no. 3 (May 2002): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930202100303.

Full text

Abstract:

Flaming ignition sources are used in standard tests to assess the ignitability of upholstery seating and mattress composites. These sources should preferably be equivalent to the ignition source occurring in real life situations. BS 5852 defines a total of seven ignition sources of which the No. 5 Crib is used for testing upholstered seating and mattresses designated for use in public premises. In this paper this ignition source is compared to two newspaper ignition sources of 20 grams and several other ignition sources. Extensive rate of heat release measurements in the cone calorimeter tests and heat flux distribution measurements towards the back and the base of an inert L-shaped test rig simulating the seating test rig are presented and discussed. Flaming ignition sources are used in standard tests to assess the ignitability of upholstery seating and mattress composites. These sources should preferably be equivalent to ignition sources occurring in real life situations. BS5852 defines a total of seven ignition sources of which the No. 5 Crib is used for testing upholstered seating and mattresses designated for use in public premises. This paper discusses different candidate ignition sources and compares them with the 20 gram newspaper ignition source required by the EC as part of the earlier draft Furniture Directive. Modified crib structures as well as multi-jet gas burners have been studied and the final selection of the ignition source was based on extensive tests on upholstery seating and mattress composites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gallagher, James A. "Interliner Effect on the Fire Performance of Upholstery Materials." Journal of Fire Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419301100105.

Full text

Abstract:

Sample screening can be an effective tool for understanding the fire problem of upholstered furniture. A study of the contribution of the com ponents of furniture construction to the heat release will permit the selection of materials which will be more likely to pass full scale tests. Component con tribution is complicated by fabric treatments and the use of interliners. Unless the interaction of these components during the crucial fire propagation phase is understood, no direction for improvement can be obtained from either full or small scale testing. By identifying the relevant interactions the selection of upholstery materials can be made more judiciously. The heat release of selected foam/interliner/fabric combinations, using the Ohio State Heat Release Calorimeter, shows that the heat release contribution of various upholstery components can be identified. For foams covered with fabric, interliners generally improve the performance of those foams which pass California TB 117 while detracting from the performance of those which pass California TB 133 (with no covering). For certain fabrics which melt, the heat release at low flux is independent of the type of foam, or even the presence of foam, when a glass cloth interliner is used. Fabric backings are shown to con tribute to fire propagation, particularly when no interliners are used. Because the heat release increases when the fabric is back-coated, thermal decomposi tion of the underlying foam is increased with an interliner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Konukcu, Arif Caglar, and Jilei Zhang. "Effects of full-size panel width on cutting yield of wood-based composites as upholstery furniture frame stocks." BioResources 14, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 4181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.4181-4193.

Full text

Abstract:

In the competitive market, many furniture manufacturers are improving their process efficiency, eliminating unnecessary costs, and improving quality by using wood-based composite panels in frames. Currently, upholstery furniture frames are made by using over 70% wood-based composite panels, which causes material utilization to be the most important area of improvement. Many furniture manufacturers have realized that increased design and production efficiencies using wood-based panel products as their frame stocks combined with computer numerical control (CNC) technology is beneficial for the manufacturing process. However, manufacturers are continuously looking for alternatives to improve the bottom line of the manufacturing process, which includes optimization of the assumed panel width to maximize the cutting yield. In this case study, the effects of increasing the width of full-size wood-based composite panel products (1219-mm-wide × 2438-mm-long) on the cutting yield of parts for two upholstered frame models were investigated using computer simulation software with an optimization capacity. The results of the simulation indicated that increasing the width of the full-size wood-based composite panel products to 1371 mm and 1524 mm could yield better material cutting yields compared with the 1219-mm-wide panel products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jucienė, Milda, and Jonas Vobolis. "Investigation of stress distribution in upholstery of soft furniture." Journal of Industrial Textiles 42, no. 2 (December 20, 2011): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083711431891.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Turbański, Wojciech, Łukasz Matwiej, Krzysztof Wiaderek, and Maciej Sydor. "Comparative analysis of the manual and robotic upholstery frame assembly processes. Study based on many years of research." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801028.

Full text

Abstract:

A robotization of assembly is the real implementation of Industry 4.0 in the furniture industry. The robotization objective is to obtain favorable values of production process parameters (performance, productivity, quality) and to improve human wellbeing at work. Our aim was to present and compare the quality parameters of a selected furniture production process, performed in a very long series, containing more than 30 thousand products. The analysis included the results of the long-term measurements of the quality level of upholstery frames produced by the modified and improved, on the basis of operational conclusions, robotized line for the serial production of upholstery frames and by the simultaneously used nonrobotic line for assembly of frames of the same construction. The results obtained show that robotized assembly leads to a much lower percentage of defective products than in the case of the nonrobotic technology, the causes and types of defects in the products are also different, and it is easier to prevent these defects and remove them. The cognitive findings identified problems and challenges, not found in traditional technologies, caused by the using of manufacturing robots in furniture production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

D'Silva, A. P., and N. Sorensen. "The Flammability Aspects of Decorative Trimmings: Part 1-Flammability of Trimmings Used on Upholstered Furniture." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400102.

Full text

Abstract:

Fundamental studies have been carried out on the flammability aspects of decorative trimmings used on upholstered furniture. In addition to the trimmings being tested in isolation, tests were also carried out to assess their flammability in conjunction with flammable upholstery foam as well as with a variety of fabric/foam composites. The flammability has been assessed by ignition to a smouldering cigarette and by a match-equivalent butane flame on a BS 5852 rig. A test method has been proposed which is a modification of the US-UFAC test to include the assessment of trimming ignitability to a simulated match flame. The effect of live flame was found to be different from the effect of a smouldering cigarette. In live flame tests the pass/fail boundary was found to be dependent on the type of fabric covering the foam.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Pitts, William M., Martin Werrel, Marco Fernandez, Mary A. Long, Evan A. Eisenberg, James Filliben, and Cory D. Runyon. "Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups." Fire and Materials 45, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2915.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Marek Lasota, Andrzej, and Krzysztof Hankiewicz. "The study of postural workload in assembly of furniture upholstery." MATEC Web of Conferences 137 (2017): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201713707002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Skorupińska, Ewa, Krzysztof Wiaderek, and Maciej Sydor. "Influence of technological parameters on the upholstery seams in furniture." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 114 (June 28, 2021): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2389.

Full text

Abstract:

Influence of technological parameters of the upholstery seams in furniture. Based on the real problem of weak seams in covers of wooden furniture, a multifaceted analysis of the issue was performed. As a result, it was decided to carry out comparative laboratory strength tests of seams made with the use of various technological parameters. For the production of test samples, we used different yarn threads to find the best and sufficiently strong seams for used fabrics. The test results show that not only the thread and fabric used, but also the sewing technology parameters have a significant influence on the seam strength. Overall, these results indicate that to increase the seam strength, it is necessary to choose thread type B with very high strength and low elongation at break. This solution will minimize the risk of broken threads in case of deviation of material features and technological parameters, which can be variable in the long duration of large-scale production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wanna, Joseph T., Christine A. Rouse, Paul L. Chen, Geraldine E. Henderson, and Linda C. Greear. "Smoldering Potential and Characterization of Used Upholstery Fabrics." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400506.

Full text

Abstract:

To examine the effects of soiling on the smolder potential of upholstered furniture, sixty-six used upholstery fabrics were collected in the state of Georgia and sections of each fabric were determined to be either "soiled" or "unsoiled." A soiled area is an exposed surface of the upholstery fabric, whereas an unsoiled area is not exposed. Each fabric's composition (cell ulosic, synthetic, or mixed fibers) was determined, and soiled and unsoiled samples from each fabric were analyzed for pertinent chemical and physical characteristics. For the majority of fabrics, the smoldering potential of the soiled areas did not increase with respect to the unsoiled areas. In fact, more fabrics exhibited a reduced (versus increased) tendency to smolder upon soiling. Six fabrics that smoldered in the unsoiled condition did not smolder in the soiled condition. This study confirms results reported on used upholstery fabrics collected in the state of Virginia. Statistical analysis performed on data from each study and the combined data showed that smoldering potential had a statistically significant correlation to fabric, but not to soiling. Two ions that play a major catalytic role in smoldering ignitions, sodium and potassium, showed increased levels in soiled areas of the cellulosic fabrics by approx imately 700 ppm and 480 ppm, respectively. These increases did not account for the observed changes in smolder potential. The increase in sodium and potassium ion levels for all sixty-six fabrics collected in Georgia were equiva lent to those of the sixty fabrics collected in Virginia. Calcium and magnesium ions did not increase between soiled and unsoiled fabric areas. Chloride and sulfate increased in the soiled samples compared to the unsoiled. Levels of nitrate and phosphate did not change with soiling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wang, Chao, Henry Quesada-Pineda, D. Earl Kline, and Urs Buehlmann. "Using Value Stream Mapping to Analyze an Upholstery Furniture Engineering Process." Forest Products Journal 61, no. 5 (September 2011): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/0015-7473-61.5.411.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hunter, Steve L. "The Toyota Production System Applied to the Upholstery Furniture Manufacturing Industry." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 23, no. 7 (September 4, 2008): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910802316476.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Spears, A. W., A. L. Rhyne, and V. Norman. "Factors for Consideration in a Test for Cigarette Ignition Propensity on Soft Furnishings." Journal of Fire Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419501300104.

Full text

Abstract:

The outcome of a cigarette ignition propensity mock-up test is largely determined by the characteristics of the fabric/substrate and to a lesser extent by the characteristics of representative cigarettes. The effects of the im portant cigarette variables on ignition propensity are reflected in two measur able cigarette characteristics-Mass Burn Rate (MBR) and Linear Burn Rate (LBR). MBR is related to the instantaneous heat flux and LBR is a measure of the rate of movement of the cigarette firecone on the substrate. MBR and LBR are coupled but do not vary colinearly within cigarette sets that encompass wide parameter ranges. The cigarettes' relative ignition propensity rankings can be dominated either by MBR or LBR. The substrate fabric's characteristics dictate largely which burn rate controls the ranking. Dense fabrics of appre ciable thermal conductivity, such as the cotton ducks used in NIST test method development, are good heat sinks and rank cigarettes according to their extin guishability (viz. MBR). Moderate to heavy weight, less dense fabrics of higher air permeability and lower thermal conductivity are poorer heat sinks, and tend to not extinguish cigarettes but rather rank them according to the rate of pristine substrate involvement (viz. LBR). Moderate air flows impinging on cigarettes have a differential effect on the burn rate of cigarettes of different construction and thus can change the relative ignition propensity rankings of cigarettes. An investigation of the properties of 113 cellulosic upholstery fabrics which were ignitable by test cigarettes has shown that the ignition- determining properties of the duck fabrics lie on the outer fringe of the charac teristics ranges of upholstery fabrics. The interaction between the majority of upholstery fabrics and cigarettes is not predominated by the extinction mechanism. Hence, the duck furniture mock-up test is a poor predictor of cigarette ignition propensity ranking on real furniture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Jucienė, Milda, and Jonas Vobolis. "Researching into the methodology for the evaluation of deformed soft furniture upholstery." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556221311300237.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Fuadzy, Hubullah, Susi Soviana, and Risa Tiuria. "Efikasi Kain Bahan Furnitur Berinsektisida Malation terhadap Kematian Aedes aegypti." ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies 10, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/asp.v10i2.191.

Full text

Abstract:

Implementation of fogging using malathion impacted to insecticides deposited to household furniture in resident. The other hand, Ae. aegypti preference resting on that furniture. The objective was determine lethal concentration of malathion in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation which have been deposited on furniture fabrics against mortality of Ae. aegypti. The study was true experimental and completed randomize design. Treatment as much as six of concentration levels (0.00; 0.27; 0.29; 0.31; 0.32; 0.34%) and ten replications. The sample were female Ae. aegypti on ovary condition of unfed and bloodfed. Material of fabrics used were cotton, chenille, and blackout. Procedure efficacy test based on WHO (2013). The result showed that between concentration levels gave a significantly different impact of mortality, but between concentration of 0.27% with 0.29% was not significantly. Mortality of Ae. aegypti reached 100% on 0.34% concentration for cotton and blackout, whereas chenille on 0.31% concentration. Lower lethal concentration to kill 50% and 95% Ae. aegypti population were 0.260% and 0.301% on chenille, whereas the higher were 0.296% and 0.337% on cotton, respectively. Conclusion was malation (EC) which were deposited to cotton, chenille, and blackout fabrics as a upholstery for furniture influence on increasing insecticide efficacy to Ae. aegypti.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Wanna, Joseph T., Adriano Polo, and Dundee Schettino. "The Smoldering Potential of Used Upholstery Fabrics: Unsoiled vs. Soiled." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 1996): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400207.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of soil ing, through wear, on the smoldering potential of upholstery fabrics. This research was done to test the supposition that smolder resistant fabrics on new furniture will become more susceptible to smoldering with soiling and age. This is shown not to be the case. Sixty used upholstery fabrics were collected from eight upholstery shops, and areas of each fabric were determined to be either "soiled" or "unsoiled." A soiled area is an exposed surface of the upholstery fabric, whereas an unsoiled area is not exposed. Each fabric's compo sition, e.g., cellulose or synthetic, was determined, and soiled and unsoiled samples from each fabric were analyzed for pertinent chemical and physical characteristics. For the majority of fabrics, the smoldering potential of the soiled areas did not increase with respect to the unsoiled areas. In fact, more fabrics exhibited a reduced (versus increased) tendency to smolder upon soiling. Of the 27 cellulosic fabrics, only 2 fabrics changed from non-smoldering in the unsoiled area to smoldering in the soiled area. But, 6 fabrics that smoldered in the unsoiled area did not smolder in the soiled area. Two ions that play a major catalytic role in smoldering ignitions, sodium and potassium, showed increased levels in soiled areas by approximately 800 ppm and 480 ppm, respectively. These increases did not account for the observed changes in smolder potential. The increase in sodium and potassium ion levels for the synthetic fabrics was equivalent to those of the cellulosic fabrics. Calcium and magnesium did not in crease between soiled and unsoiled fabric areas. Of the six anions analyzed for unsoiled and soiled areas of the 60 fabrics, levels of chloride and sulfate anions increased in the soiled samples compared to the unsoiled.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Watts, W. A., and R. G. West. "George Francis Mitchell. 15 October 1912 — 25 November 1997." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 45 (January 1999): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0021.

Full text

Abstract:

George Francis Mitchell, Frank to all who knew him, died peacefully at the age of 85 in October 1997 after a short illness. He was the son of David William Mitchell and Frances Elizabeth Mitchell ( née Kirby ), and had led an extraordinarily distinguished, productive and varied life. The Mitchells were a family of Scottish origin who came to Dublin in the mid-nineteenth century. They were in a variety of businesses, from upholstery for railway carriages to fine fabrics, from furniture and hardware to laboratory suppliers of glassware and chemicals. Frank and his brother David, a consultant physician, and his sister Lillias, who maintained a family tradition as a teacher of fine textiles, were the first generation of the family to experience third-level education.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Lengyel, Bianca Cristina, Nicolae Faur, Cristian Sorin Nes, and Anghel Cernescu. "Analytic Study Regarding Yarn Geometry of Two Synthetic Materials Used in Furniture and Automotive Industry." Solid State Phenomena 254 (August 2016): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.254.116.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study the knitted fabric side of two leather substitute materials was analysed. The two synthetic leather material used are usually fabricated for the use as upholstery in the furniture and automotive industry. The first material has a polyurethane (PU) matrix and the second has a polyvininylchloride (PVC) matrix.The main analysis done in this study was the geometrical calculus of the yarn eye using different geometric models and the evaluation of the relative deformation in surface for a biaxial tensile loading (along the rows and the columns of the knitted fabric). Results show a relative deformation of 6.29% for the PU matrix material and a 9.41% relative deformation for the PVC matrix material.The main goal of this study was to obtain a better characterization of the materials studied in order to have indications based on loading conditions when using these materials in their different industrial application.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Noskin, Gary A., Patrice Bednarz, Terra Suriano, Sandra Reiner, and Lance R. Peterson. "Persistent contamination of fabric-covered furniture by vancomycin-resistant enterococci: Implications for upholstery selection in hospitals." American Journal of Infection Control 28, no. 4 (August 2000): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mic.2000.108129.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rhyne, A. L., and A. W. Spears. "Sensitivity of a Cigarette Ignitability Index to Hypothetical Shifts in the Distribution of Upholstery Furniture Fabrics." Journal of Fire Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419000800101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Skorupińska, Ewa, Krzysztof Wiaderek, Łukasz Matwiej, and Maciej Sydor. "Experimental verification of the joints strength features in the quality control of the mass-produced upholstery frames." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801024.

Full text

Abstract:

An upholstery frame is an element of upholstery furniture, which is heavily loaded with forces. Critical to the quality of the frame is the load capacity of the connections of its structure elements. Moreover an important issue is the repeatability of the suitable strength in the whole production batch. Tested wooden frame joints were made with glue and staples. The goal of our study was to compare the strength of the joints made by a man and by a robot in industrial mass production. The laboratory test was done on an universal testing machine which measure the stress–strain characteristics showing the yield behaviour of test samples. The results show that a “robotic technology” gives slightly higher strength values than the manual production. It was also observed that the force value distributions in compared two series of samples have different nature in the both technologies. Based on the observation of the technologies and based on the analysis of the research results, it was found that the reason for this is the greater constancy of technological parameters in robotic production (in the described case, the bigger variability of the strength of connections made by man was caused by the different exposure time of the adhesive to drying, while in “robotic” production gluing, was done in the same throughout the long production series).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Uehara, Satiko, Marcia Regina Franzolin, Soledad Chiesa, Débora Moreira, Walderez Gambale, and Claudete Rodrigues Paula. "Effectiveness of house dust mite acaricide tri-n-butyl tin maleate on carpets, fabrics and mattress foam: a standardization of methodology." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 48, no. 3 (June 2006): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652006000300010.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the acaricide tri-n-butyl tin maleate, industrially applied to samples of carpets, mattress foam, and fabrics used for furniture upholstery, soft toys and shoe uppers. Approximately 100 adult house dust mites of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were inoculated into a Petri dish containing the sample (a piece of carpet, mattress foam, or fabric), treated with the acaricide, randomly collected. Mite-maintenance culture medium was added on top of each sample. After one, two, three, seven and 30 days of incubation at 25 ºC and 75% relative humidity, each dish was examined using a 40X stereoscopic microscope (40X). One hundred percent acaricide effectiveness was obtained in treated materials by the end of the 30th-day postinoculation period, under optimal conditions for mite maintenance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Bakhurst, David. "Pragmatism and Moral Knowledge." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 24 (1998): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1998.10717501.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last twenty years there has been a dramatic revival of interest in the idea that there can be genuine moral knowledge. The noncognitivist assumptions that dominated so much twentieth-century ethical theory no longer seem the obvious truths they once did to so many thinkers. It is now common to hear the claim that moral values are genuine constituents of the furniture of the world - or at least of its upholstery- and that moral deliberation and judgment legitimately aspire to truth. Morality, it is frequently argued, is a realm of discovery rather than invention, and moral reasoning, and the play of moral imagination, must be constrained by how the moral facts stand.Such “realist” or “cognitivist” views in ethics take many forms. This essay considers whether a pragmatist account of moral knowledge might fruitfully be developed. My project will recommend itself only to those who believe that pragmatist insights serve to support relatively robust conceptions of truth and justification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Zubauskienė, Donata, and Eugenija Strazdiené. "Effect of Friction in the Punch-to-Specimen Contact Zone Upon the Punching Behaviour of Synthetic Leathers." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (June 30, 2017): 121–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1700.

Full text

Abstract:

Upholstery materials during their performance experience biaxial deformations, which are effected by friction in the contact zones: material-to-human skin, material-to-material, and material-to-inner parts of the furniture. The aim of this research was to define the effect of friction in the punch-to-specimen contact zone upon the tearing character and strength of non-perforated and perforated synthetic leathers under biaxial punching. Tests were performed with three different punches. The variation of friction coefficients in the punch-to-leather contact zone was achieved by the application of four different lubricants. Leather samples were investigated on the face (vinyl) and reverse (textile) sides. The results of the investigations confirmed that the maximal punching force Pmax increases with an increase in the punch size. The same tendency is valid in cases where different levels of friction act in the punch-to-specimen contact zone or whether the specimens were punched from both sides. Dependencies exist between area S of the punch-to-specimen contact zone during tearing and the average static μSA and dynamic μDA friction coefficients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Krozer, Yoram, Frans Coenen, Jenica Hanganu, Maia Lordkipanidze, and Madalina Sbarcea. "Towards Innovative Governance of Nature Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 10624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410624.

Full text

Abstract:

How can the governance of nature areas foster the sustainability of ecosystems? This is discussed with regard to larger threats on ecosystems despite larger global nature areas that reach 19 million km2 of land along with larger costs per area unit. Moreover, monetization of nature with payments for ecosystem services is sometimes demanded for justification of the nature areas; however, this does not resolve the threats but faces scientific and ethical scrutiny. An alternative is the governance that incubates sustainable innovations in the nature areas for broad dissemination which generates interests in the sustainability of ecosystems. Opportunities are due to demands for ethical products, ecotourism and images of nature which generate USD 1100 billion in global markets. Sustainable innovations of using reed for insulation walls, furniture panels and upholstery in the EU can generate a few hundred million dollars in addition to present roof thatching, fodder and fuels if good functional qualities of the reed products are developed. Their functionalities can be supported by the inclusive economics, CO2 storage, treatment of water pollution, richer biodiversity, and other ethical qualities. The governance of nature areas can prevent the present deadlock but needs the development of technical and entrepreneurial capabilities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Facciolà, Alessio, Giuseppa Visalli, Marianna Pruiti Ciarello, and Angela Di Pietro. "Newly Emerging Airborne Pollutants: Current Knowledge of Health Impact of Micro and Nanoplastics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062997.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics are ubiquitous persistent pollutants, forming the most representative material of the Anthropocene. In the environment, they undergo wear and tear (i.e., mechanical fragmentation, and slow photo and thermo-oxidative degradation) forming secondary microplastics (MPs). Further fragmentation of primary and secondary MPs results in nanoplastics (NPs). To assess potential health damage due to human exposure to airborne MPs and NPs, we summarize the evidence collected to date that, however, has almost completely focused on monitoring and the effects of airborne MPs. Only in vivo and in vitro studies have assessed the toxicity of NPs, and a standardized method for their analysis in environmental matrices is still missing. The main sources of indoor and outdoor exposure to these pollutants include synthetic textile fibers, rubber tires, upholstery and household furniture, and landfills. Although both MPs and NPs can reach the alveolar surface, the latter can pass into the bloodstream, overcoming the pulmonary epithelial barrier. Despite the low reactivity, the number of surface area atoms per unit mass is high in MPs and NPs, greatly enhancing the surface area for chemical reactions with bodily fluids and tissue in direct contact. This is proven in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and flock workers, who are prone to persistent inflammatory stimulation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis or even carcinogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Alam, Maksudul M., Bidyut Biswas, Alexi K. Nedeltchev, Haesook Han, Asanga D. Ranasinghe, Pradip K. Bhowmik, and Kisholoy Goswami. "Phosphine Oxide Containing Poly(pyridinium salt)s as Fire Retardant Materials." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071141.

Full text

Abstract:

Six new rugged, high-temperature tolerant phosphine oxide-containing poly(4,4′-(p-phenylene)-bis(2,6-diphenylpyridinium)) polymers P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4, P-5, and P-6 are synthesized, characterized, and evaluated. Synthesis results in high yield and purity, as confirmed by elemental, proton (1H), and carbon 13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra analyses. High glass transition temperatures (Tg > 230 °C) and high char yields (>50% at 700 °C) are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. These new ionic polymers exhibit excellent processability, thin-film forming, high-temperature resistance, fire-resistance and retardation, coating, adhesion, mechanical and tensile strength, and n-type (electron transport) properties. The incorporation of phosphine oxide and bis(phenylpyridinium) moieties in the polymer backbones leads to high glass transition temperatures and excellent fire retardant properties, as determined by microcalorimetry measurements. The use of organic counterions allows these ionic polymers to be easily processable from several common organic solvents. A large variety of these polymers can be synthesized by utilizing structural variants of the bispyrylium salt, phosphine oxide containing diamine, and the counterion in a combinatorial fashion. These results make them very attractive for a number of applications, including as coating and structural component materials for automobiles, aircrafts, power and propulsion systems, firefighter garments, printed circuit boards, cabinets and housings for electronic and electrical components, construction materials, mattresses, carpets, upholstery and furniture, and paper-thin coatings for protecting important paper documents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

أبو خزيم, عادل عبد المنعم عبد الله, and سلوى يوسف عبد الباري. "الفن الإسلامي كمفهوم لتصميم أثاث سكني ذو أقمشة مفروشات تتميز بالحداثة = Islamic Art as a Concept for Residential Furniture Design with Their Upholstery Fabrics Which Characterized by Modernity." مجلة العمارة والفنون والعلوم الإنسانية, no. 6 (April 2017): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0036905.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gallagher, James A., Theodore M. Smiecinski, and Oscar M. Grace. "The OSU Heat Release Unit as a Screening Tool for California TB 133." Journal of Fire Sciences 10, no. 3 (May 1992): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419201000303.

Full text

Abstract:

The California TB 133 (TB 133) full-scale burn test was adopted by Illinois and Minnesota in 1990 as a performance standard for furniture to be used in places of public occupancy. TB 133 will become effective in California on January 1,1992 and is under consideration in Ohio and several other states. Since full-scale burn tests are expensive, we embarked on a program to deter mine if the OSU Heat Release Unit could be used as a screening test for TB 133. The percentage weight loss of foam/fabric composites after ten minutes in the OSU Unit at a radiant heat flux of 1.0 Watt/cm2 appears to be a good predictor of TB 133 performance. A series of 39 upholstery fabric/melamine-modified polyurethane foam composites were tested in BASF Corporation's Wyandotte, Michigan TB 133 burn facility and in our OSU Heat Release Unit. We found: · 11 of 12 samples which clearly failed the Cal TB 133 test lost over 40% of their weight at a heat flux of 1.0 Watt/cm2 in the OSU test. · 22 of 23 samples which clearly passed the Cal TB 133 test lost less than 40% of their weight at 1.0 Watt/cm2. · Four samples marginally passed the Cal TB 133 test and their weight loss values could not be correlated. The TB 133 criteria adopted in mid 1990 was used for this series of tests rather than the newer criteria using oxygen consumption calorimetry. All of the TB 133 failures in this study were due to weight loss using fabric-covered foam cushions on a metal test frame. No side arms were used. Work is continu ing to determine whether this correlation can be extended to other foam/fabric combinations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Kopański, Mariusz Krzysztof. "Flammability test of upholster furniture." Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa 2 (2014): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/tiib.2014.02.10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Paul, K. T. "Fire and upholstered furniture." Fire and Materials 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810100106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Damant, Gordon H. "Cigarette Ignition of Upholstered Furniture." Journal of Fire Sciences 13, no. 5 (September 1995): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419501300501.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Staneva, Nelly, Yancho Genchev, and Desislava Hristodorova. "Strength Investigation of an Upholstered Furniture Frame with Side Plates of PB, OSB and PLY by Finite Element Method." Drvna industrija 71, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1921.

Full text

Abstract:

Comparative analysis of the strength characteristics of one-seat upholstered furniture frame with rails of Pinus Sylvestris L. and side plates of PB, OSB and PLY boards was carried out. 3D geometric model of the upholstered furniture frame was created by Autodesk Inventor Pro®. Linear static analyses were carried out by the method of finite elements (FEM) simulating light-service loading. The orthotropic material characteristics of the used materials were considered in the analyses. Two variants of corner joints in the frame (model A – staples and PVAc; model B - staples, PVAc and strengthening elements under the rail of the seat) were considered. The laboratory established coefficients of rotational stiffness of used staple corner joints in the skeleton were considered in finite element analysis (FEA). As result, the distribution of the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the 3D model of upholstered furniture frame side plates were derived and analysed. The worst failure indexes according to Tsai-Wu failure criteria were calculated at heavy-service load. The study provided database of strength values that can help in the engineering of upholstered furniture frames with side plates of PB, OSB and PLY.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Gao, Zhen, Xin Yu Suo, and Rui Bo Hu. "A Study of Application of Upholstered Furniture Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 2665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.2665.

Full text

Abstract:

the developing trend of upholstered furniture in years will be studied through the analysis of furniture aesthetic performance, combining personal designing case, applied human engineering, marketing, design methodology, graphics, statistics, Perceptive and cognitive principle in psychology in this thesis. Reference and relatively abundant, comprehensive support can be provided for designers through the value theory of aesthetic subject and object, which will improve the marketing competitiveness of independent research and development of China. This thesis also aims to light the law of upholstered furniture development. Such laws can explain how to adjust to the popular consumer demand under the current industry mode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Schuhmann, John G., and Gordon E. Hartzell. "Flaming Combustion Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture." Journal of Fire Sciences 7, no. 6 (November 1989): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490418900700602.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Luppold, William G. "Material-Use Trends in U.S. Furniture Manufacturing." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/12.2.102.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Furniture manufacturers in the United States are major users of a variety of wood products. In the last two decades, traditional wood products, such as hardwood lumber, veneer, and plywood have been, in part, replaced by composite panel products, such as particleboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard. This paper examines the uses of traditional and composite wood products by the wood household, upholstered household, and commercial furniture industries in descriptive and numerical terms. The analysis indicates that the substitution of composite products for traditional hardwood products has subsided in recent years in the household wood furniture industry but has continued in the commercial furniture industry. Strong growth in softwood lumber use has occurred in the household wood industry and the household upholstered furniture industry but not in the commercial furniture industry. Although hardwood lumber has been displaced by softwood-based composite panel products, greater relative decreases have occurred in hardwood veneer and veneer core plywood use because of composite panel substitution. Most recent market activities, however, indicate increased use of hardwood lumber in furniture production in the 1980s. South. J. Appl. For. 12(2):102-107.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Sander, Ingrid, Anne Lotz, Heinz-Dieter Neumann, Christina Czibor, Eva Zahradnik, and Monika Raulf. "Reliability and Correlation Between Indoor Allergen Concentrations from Vacuumed Surface Samples and Electrostatic Dust Collectors." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz090.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives Most studies on indoor allergen exposure used vacuumed surface samples for quantification. One alternative is electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs), which sample previously airborne settled dust. The aim of this study was to compare allergen quantification using two different sampling methods, with respect to repeatability, and to determine how well the results agree with one another. Methods Four times a year, measurements were made from samples that were either collected from the vacuuming of surfaces, or from EDCs, from 20 German day-care centers totaling 167 rooms. Overall, 504 vacuumed samples collected from smooth floors, 435 samples from carpets, 291 samples from upholstered furniture and beds, and 605 EDC samples were analyzed using six fluorescence enzyme immunoassays recognizing Fel d 1, Can f 1, Mus m 1, domestic mite (DM), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) antigens. Variances and correlations among the repeat measurements over the course of the year within each sample type, and the correlations between surface samples and the corresponding EDC samples were calculated. Results Repeat measurements over the year correlated significantly with one another. However, only Fel d 1, Can f 1, and DM in the EDC samples; DM, Dp, Tp, and Fel d 1 in the upholstered furniture samples; and DM in the carpet samples show representative results of single measurements according to their variance ratios (within-room/between-room variance <1). The highest correlation between surface and EDC samples was found for Fel d 1 on the upholstered furniture (r 0.52), followed by Can f 1 on the upholstered furniture and Can f 1 on carpets (r 0.47 and 0.45, respectively). The maximum correlation for mite antigens was between carpet samples and EDC (DM r 0.27, Dp r 0.33). Mus m 1 and Tp antigens for the most part did not correlate to the EDC results. Conclusions Both vacuumed dust from upholstered furniture and EDC samples were suitable for repeatable quantification of several allergens in day-care centers within a year. However, there was little agreement among the different collection methods, especially for Mus m 1 and certain mite antigens. Therefore, the method and location used for collection may greatly influence allergen exposure assessment and study results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gandhi, Sanjeev, and Steven M. Spivak. "Comments on Cigarette Ignition of Upholstered Furniture." Journal of Fire Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 1996): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419601400201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Babrauskas, Vytenis, and John F. Krasny. "Upholstered Furniture Transition from Smoldering to Flaming." Journal of Forensic Sciences 42, no. 6 (November 1, 1997): 14256J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs14256j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Eckelman, C. A., and J. Zhang. "Uses of the General Services Administration performance test method for upholstered furniture in the engineering of upholstered furniture frames." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 53, no. 1 (January 1995): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02716439.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Eckelman, C. A., and J. Zhang. "Uses of the General Services Administration performance test method for upholstered furniture in the engineering of upholstered furniture frames." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 53, no. 4 (August 1995): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Harris, Debra, Aika Davis, Peter Barry Ryan, Jordan Cohen, Pravinray Gandhi, David Dubiel, and Marilyn Black. "Chemical exposure and flammability risks of upholstered furniture." Fire and Materials 45, no. 1 (September 28, 2020): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.2907.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Upholstery furniture'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles