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1
MacLean, Richard Havelock. "The effect of alley cropping on an upland rice agroecosystem." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41035.
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If upland rice production is to be sustained on sloping land, soil erosion and fertility decline must be addressed. Where soil profiles are deep, hedgerows of Gliricidia sepium and Cassia spectabilis, planted on the contour, reduce soil erosion by promoting terrace formation and overcome fertility depletion by providing nutrient rich biomass. G. sepium and C. spectabilis established by seed survived better than by cuttings. Although increased hedgerow biomass was initially obtained when both species were intercropped, intense competition was observed in established hedgerows. Consequently, mixing both species at high planting density is not recommended as C. spectabilis, a non-fixing legume, may deplete soil-N reserves. In acid soils, biomass production of G. sepium was significantly increased when lime (6 t/ha) was applied. On 18 to 30% slopes, upland rice and maize production improved along fertility and moisture gradients. Rice yields were increased when biomass of G. sepium was incorporated into the soil, up to an optimum level equivalent to 40 kg N/ha. Mulching C. spectabilis increased maize productivity during the drought prone second season. Competition was observed at the hedgerow-crop interface particularly at the upper one as a result of terracing. Although green manuring increased crop yield, broadleaf weeds, seedling maggot, stemborer and blast also increased. Strategies to manage hedgerow biomass that minimize these problems need to be developed.
2
Schneider, Jürg. "From Upland to irrigated rice : the development of wet-rice agriculture in Rejang Musi, Southwest-Sumatra /." Berlin : Reimer, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37074979h.
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Schneider, Jürg. "From upland to irrigated rice : the development of wet-rice agriculture in Rejang-Musi, Southwest Sumatra /." [Bern] : [s.n.], 1992. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Cairns, Jill Elizabeth. "Analysis of environmental effects on expression of root penetration QTLs in upland rice." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288341.
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In the first year, two upland rice varieties (Azucena and Bala), were screened for root response to drought at the West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), Cote d’Ivoire, in two fields of slightly different soil penetration resistance (PR) characteristics. Changes in soil PR and soil water content were monitored during the drought period. Root density and depth were significantly greater for Azucena than Bala, and on the irrigated plots compared to the droughted plots, although no consistent site differences in root density were observed. At each site, on the droughted subplot, soil PR quickly increased near the surface (0-30 cm) in response to reduction in soil water content and soil matrix potential caused by root water extraction. It is likely that this increase in PR would have either prevented or reduced the rate of downward growth of new roots entering or growing within this layer. Under these conditions, varietal differences in root response to impedance would be important for drought avoidance. In the second year, also at WARDA, a mapping population based on a cross between Azucena and Bala were tested in two fields of contrasting soil physical properties and QTL for root density at 35 cm were identified. There was no agreement between sites. Site characterisation prior to field screening revealed the two sites to be very different in terms of soil texture and water relations. These site differences would have restricted root growth in different ways and are likely to be reasons behind the lack of agreement in root density QTL between sites. In the third year, near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing only in single or multiple root growth QTL were screened in fields at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, in soils of lower mechanical impedance than sites used at WARDA. No major differences were observed for root density indicating the importance of interaction between root traits and the environment when considering contribution to drought resistance.
5
Chan, Wai Fung. "The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arsenic uptake and tolerance of upland rice." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1257.
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Zeller, Heiko. "Socio-economic characterization of upland rice production in Nigeria : the case of three Nigerian states /." Beuren ; Stuttgart : Grauer, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989987752/04.
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Shrestha, Suchit Prasad [Verfasser], and Folkard [Akademischer Betreuer] Asch. "Genotypic responses of upland rice to an altitudinal gradient / Suchit Prasad Shrestha. Betreuer: Folkard Asch." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027353851/34.
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Baggie, Idriss. "Effect of organic residue and inorganic fertiliser phosphorus on phosphorus transformations and utilisation by upland rice." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502488.
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The aim of the study was to examine the effect of combined use of organic residue with inorganic fertiliser-P on organic residue decomposition, P transformations and utilisation by upland rice. Five agroforestry tree prunings (organic residues) were incubated without and with inorganic fertiliser-P for 56 days using soil as inoculum only. Decomposition and P release were in the same order i.e. Gliricidia sepium > Senna siamea > Leucaena leucocephela > Paraserienthus falcataria > Acacia mangium. The lignin, polyphenol and cellulose contents and their ratios to the P content of the residue influenced decomposition and hence P release. Added inorganic fertiUser-P had no effect on decomposition. A greater proportion of inorganic fertiliser-P was recovered when applied with low quality residue and less with high quality residue. Gliricidia sepium and Acacia mangium prunings were incubated without and with morganic fertiliser-P for 56 days in high and low P status soils. Gross mineralisation was estimated by isotopic dilution. Unlike Acacia, Gliricidia increased gross mineralisation in the low P status soil with weaker P sorbing capacity although net mineralisation was not attained. Inorganic fertiliser-P had no effect on gross mineralisation. Organic residue influenced both the inorganic and organic labile soil P fractions while inorganic fertiliser-P influenced only the labile inorganic P fractions. Upland rice (ROK 16) grown on the two soil types treated without and with Gliricidia and inorganic fertiliser-P indicated increased dry shoot weight and total P uptake in the low P soil and not the high P soil. With a double isotopic labelling technique, it was observed that in the low P status soil, Gliricidia P-accounted for over 50% of the total rice P uptake followed by organic-P (25%). Over 80% of the total P uptake in the high P status soil was soil-P. Organic residue increased the quantity of inorganic fertiliser-P utilised but not the native soil P.
9
Saito, Kazuki. "Description, constraints and improvement of upland rice culture under slash-and-burn systems in northern Laos." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144420.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11951号
農博第1532号
新制||農||921(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4096(農学部図書室)
23740
UT51-2006-B130
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 堀江 武, 教授 櫻谷 哲夫, 教授 小﨑 隆
学位規則第4条第1項該当
10
Miller, Rachel Weslie Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Rattus tanezumi in the upland rice terraces of Banaue, Philippines: demography, habitat use, crop damage and yield assessment." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38038.
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Rodents cause significant damage to agricultural crops throughout the world, including rice, the staple food for the increasing population of Southeast Asia. Little is known about the ecology of pest rodent species, resulting in much effort being concentrated on ineffective, time consuming control practices. This research was designed to understand the demography and habitat use of the major pest rodent (Rattus tanezumi) of the Banaue rice terraces in order to identify the most efficient time and location to undertake pest control. Rodent crop damage and associated yield loss was also assessed in order to provide information for a cost : benefit analysis of rodent control practices. And the beliefs, perceptions and practices of Banaue rice farmers were investigated to assist in identifying future compatible rodent control programs. Replicated cage trapping was undertaken for a twelve month period over the entire rice cropping season in two study sites in the Municipality of Banaue Philippines. The breeding season of R. tanezumi corresponded with periods of food availability from the transplanted to ripening stages of the rice crop. A non-breeding season occurred from the fallow to seedling stages. The distinct breeding season occurred within the rice fields and adjacent village and scrub habitats. Radio-tracked and spool-and-line tracked R. tanezumi moved from adjacent habitats into the rice field during the breeding season, and individuals persisted in all habitat types, including the rice field, during the fallow, nonbreeding season. Overall rice yield was significantly greater (43%) in areas where rodents were excluded by fencing compared to areas where rodents were not excluded. More rodent damage to rice tillers occurred at the booting than at the ripening stage of the rice crop. These results suggest that to prevent rodent damage, control should be undertaken at the end of the R. tanezumi non-breeding season (prior to transplanting), before rodent numbers multiply and crop damage occurs. Further, the cost-benefit analysis of non-chemical rodent control programs in Banaue, suggests that benefits accrue once yield loss is likely to exceed 5%.
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Afun, Jakpasu Victor Kofi. "The role of weeds in the natural control of upland rice insect pests in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268021.
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Kameda, Chika. "Factors Influencing the Changes of Swidden Agriculture and Its Development in Rural Livelihoods of Northern Laos." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202730.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19325号
農博第2146号
新制||農||1036(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4953(農学部図書室)
32327
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 舟川 晋也, 教授 神﨑 護
学位規則第4条第1項該当
13
Kondo, Motohiko. "Improvement of productivity of rice under water stress in rainfed upland conditions in the tropics with emphasis on root eco-physiology." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148334.
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Li, Hui. "The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the tolerance and accumulation of arsenic in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1409.
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Francisco, Eros Artur Bohac. "Fosfatos aluminosos do grupo da crandallita como fonte alternativa de fósforo para a cultura do arroz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-20092006-171830/.
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O fósforo (P) tem sido um dos fatores mais limitantes da produção agrícola em solos de exploração recente, bem como nos solos há tempo utilizados e cuja fertilidade não é mantida. Tradicionalmente, o uso de fontes de P de elevada solubilidade tem auxiliado no aumento da fertilidade desses solos proporcionando acréscimos na produtividade das culturas. No entanto, o processo de fabricação desses fertilizantes requer o uso de rochas fosfáticas com baixa quantidade de impurezas metálicas como ferro e alumínio. Essa exigência tem levado as indústrias a descartarem quantidades elevadas de resíduo fosfático, no qual se encontram os minerais do grupo da crandallita. A busca de fontes alternativas de P para a produção agrícola encontra-se dentro do contexto de aproveitamento racional de recursos minerais existentes bem como de avançar no conhecimento de condições agronômicas que maximizem sua utilização pelas plantas. Para tanto, coletaram-se amostras do rejeito da mineração de depósitos fosfáticos de importância nacional (Catalão-GO, Juquiá-SP e Tapira-MG) contendo fosfatos aluminosos do grupo da crandallita, objetivando-se avaliar a capacidade desses minerais, após tratamento térmico, em disponibilizar P para plantas em solos sob condição de inundação e de pH próximo à neutralidade e determinar sua eficiência agronômica relativa em comparação à uma fonte padrão de P, relacionando-a com as suas características químicas e mineralógicas. O material coletado foi submetido ao tratamento térmico sob diferentes temperaturas para avaliar o efeito sobre a solubilidade e transformação morfológica. O material tratado foi: (i) misturado a amostras de terra com diferentes valores de pH para avaliar o comportamento de dissolução, (ii) submetido a teste de hidrólise em solução aquosa com valores de pH distintos e (iii) avaliado como fonte de P para as culturas do arroz-de-sequeiro e arroz inundado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que: (i) o tratamento térmico dos fosfatos aluminosos do grupo da crandallita com temperaturas ao redor de 500 ºC aumenta sua solubilidade em solução de citrato neutro de amônio e promove modificações na estrutura cristalina dos minerais, (ii) a liberação de P desses minerais é bastante reduzida em solução aquosa com valores de pH entre 4 e 8, (iii) a dissolução dos fosfatos aluminosos do grupo da crandallita calcinados em condição de solo é maior quando o valor de pH está próximo à neutralidade, comparado ao levemente ácido e (iv) que a adição dessas fontes de P ao solo promoveu resposta significativa na produção de matéria seca, na quantidade de P acumulado pela parte aérea das plantas e no rendimento de grãos de plantas de arroz-de-sequeiro e inundado, contudo não tão eficiente quanto a fonte padrão de P.Phosphorus (P) has been one of the most limiting factors for crop production in recent cultivated soils as well as in old cropped soils in which fertility is not maintained. Traditionally, the application of high solubility P sources has helped to raise soil fertility providing increase of crop yield. However, the manufacturing process of water-soluble P fertilizers requires the use of phosphate rocks with low quantity of metal impurities as iron and aluminum. This requirement has forced the fertilizer industry to discard great amounts of phosphate residue, in which the aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group can be found. Searching alternative P sources for crop production meets the context of rational use of existing mineral resources as well as move forward on the knowledge of agronomic conditions to maximize P uptake by plants. Therefore, samples of the mine residue from phosphate deposits of great relevance (Catalão-GO, Juquiá-SP e Tapira-MG) with aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group were collected and thermal treated, aiming to evaluate their ability to provide P to plants in soils under flooding condition and with pH around neutrality, to determine their relative agronomic effectiveness compared to a standard P source, and relate it with their chemical and mineralogical properties. The material collected was submitted to a thermal treatment under different temperatures to evaluate its effect on solubility and morphology. Treated material was (i) mixed to soil samples with different pH values to evaluate its dissolution, (ii) submitted to a hydrolysis test in aqueous solution with distinct pH values, and (iii) evaluated as a P source to upland rice and flooded rice. According to the obtained results, it was concluded that: (i) the thermal treatment of aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group with temperatures around 500 ºC increase its solubility in neutral ammonium citrate solution and cause alterations on the crystalline structure of minerals, (ii) P released from these mineral is very low in aqueous solution with pH ranging from 4 to 8, (iii) dissolution of aluminous phosphates of the crandallite group under soil conditions is higher when soil pH is around neutrality, compared to low acidity, and (iv) the addition of these P sources to soil significantly increased dry matter yield, P uptake by plants, and grain yield of upland rice and flooded rice, however not as much as for the standard P source.
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Souza, Lucas Fernandes de. "Aplicação do modelo ORYZA-DSSAT para a estimativa da produtividade do arroz de terras altas como subsídio ao zoneamento de risco climático no estado de Goiás, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-22112013-110720/.
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O arroz é considerado o alimento mais importante para a segurança alimentar da população, sendo cultivado em várias localidades e diferentes condições climáticas ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, a maior parte do arroz é proveniente da produção no sistema inundado. Devido ao aumento da demanda por esse alimento e aos problemas sócio-ambientais causados pelo uso excessivo da água nesse sistema de produção, tem havido o interesse de se expandir a produção de arroz para outras regiões do país. Nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Norte e Nordeste, onde o arroz é produzido principalmente no sistema de terras altas, ou seja, de sequeiro, o principal fator limitante é o déficit hídrico. A fim de se minimizar os riscos climáticos associados à cultura do arroz de terras altas e maximizar os lucros, agricultores e órgãos governamentais devem buscar estratégias para identificar as melhores épocas de semeadura. Nesse contexto, as tomadas de decisão, podem ser auxiliadas pelo uso de modelos de simulação de culturas, os quais são ferramentas muito úteis, podendo predizer a variabilidade da produtividade, auxiliando na definição das épocas preferenciais de semeadura. Com base nisso, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) calibrar e avaliar o desempenho do modelo ORYZA-DSSAT para simular o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do arroz de terras altas no Estado de Goiás; 2) aplicar o modelo calibrado e testado para determinar as épocas preferenciais de semeadura, juntamente com o índice de satisfação da necessidade de água (ISNA) de todas as fases da cultura e o custo de produção, e compará-las com as épocas propostas pelo Ministério da Agricultura (MAPA), através do zoneamento de risco climático; e 3) indicar as melhores regiões do Estado de Goiás para produção do arroz de terras altas, por meio de mapas, de modo a subsidiar a recomendação de cultivares e a adoção de políticas públicas. Para a calibração do modelo foram utilizados dados de um experimento conduzido no período de 2010-2011, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. Para avaliar o modelo, dados de dois experimentos independentes foram utilizados, sendo um em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO no período de 2008-2009, e outro em Porangatu, GO, no período de 2009-2010. Já a avaliação das épocas preferenciais de semeadura empregou dados meteorológicos e dos solos de 26 localidades para séries históricas que variaram de 15 a 30 anos. A cultivar utilizada foi a BRS-Primavera, de ciclo médio. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o modelo simulou satisfatoriamente o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do arroz de terras altas para as condições de Goiás. Foram encontradas diferenças entre as épocas preferenciais de semeadura obtidos neste estudo e as recomendadas pelo MAPA. O modelo mostrou-se eficiente em simular a produtividade potencial e atingível do arroz de terras altas em Goiás em função da variação temporal e espacial das condições climáticas, possibilitando gerar mapas para subsidiar a expansão da cultura no estado de GO, a alocação de cultivares e avaliar o risco climático de diferentes épocas de semeadura.Rice is the most important crop for food security, growing in many locations and different climate conditions around the world. In Brazil, rice is grown mainly under flood conditions. Due the increase of rice demand and social and environmental problems caused by the excessive use of water in the flood production system, there has been interest of expanding rice production to other regions of Brazil. In these regions, where rice production system is under rainfed conditions (upland rice), the main factor limiting rice yield is the water stress. To minimize the climatic risks and maximize profits, farmers and government agencies should find out strategies to identify the best sowing dates for upland rice. In such context, the decisions can be done based on crop simulation models, which are very useful tools to predict the variability of yield, defining the best sowing dates. Based on that, the objectives of the present study were: 1) to calibrate and evaluate ORYZA-DSSAT model to estimate the development and yield of upland rice in the State of Goiás, Brazil; 2) to apply the model for determining the best sowing dates, together with the crop water requirement satisfaction index (ISNA) for all phenological phases and production costs, and to compare these dates with those recommended by the Climatic Risk Zoning of Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA); and 3) to determine the best regions of Goiás State to grown upland rice, thtough yield maps, in order to support the recommendation of rice cultivars and adoption of public policies. To calibrate the model, data from one field experiment carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO during 2010-2011 season was used. To evaluate the model data from two other independent field experiments were used, with the first carried out in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, during 2008-2009 season, and the second in Porangatu, GO, during 2009-2010 season. The upland Brazilian rice cultivar BRS-Primavera (normal season) was the one used in these experiments. The results showed that the model was able to estimate development and yield of upland rice in Goiás State. Differences were found among the best sowing dates determined by this study and those recommended by MAPA. The model ORYZA-DSSAT was efficient for simulating the upland rice potential and attainable upland rice yields in the state of Goiás, in function of temporal and spatial climate variability, making possible to generate maps to subsidize the crop expansion in the state, to allocate the best cultivars to each region and to evaluate the climatic risk of the different sowing dates.
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Ranoarisoa, Mahafaka. "Rôle des interactions bactéries-nématodes bactérivores sur la disponibilité du N et P au sein de la rhizosphère du riz sur sol ferrallitique à Madagascar : mécanismes et facteurs de contrôle." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0002/document.
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Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient (i) d'étudier les mécanismes par lesquels les nématodes bactérivores régulent les flux de nutriments (N et P) dans la rhizosphère du riz pluvial dans un sol ferrallitique de Madagascar, (ii) d'étudier les effets des interactions bactéries – bactérivores sur les fonctions de la plante (croissance et nutrition), et (iii) d'évaluer les principaux facteurs contrôlant la boucle microbienne des sols dans une optique d'intensification. Notre modèle biologique comprenait Acrobeloides sp. (Cephalobidae) et Oryza sativa (Poaceae).Deux voies ont été proposées pour expliquer les effets positifs des bactérivores sur la disponibilité des nutriments et les fonctions de la plante: voie de minéralisation et voie d'exploration. Afin d'identifier l'implication de chaque voie dans les flux de P inorganique à l'interface sol-plante nous avons utilisé le radio-isotope 32P comme traceur. Lorsque le pH du sol est corrigé par l'ajout de dolomie, la présence des nématodes bactérivores améliore la minéralisation nette de P, la production de biomasse et la nutrition de la plante sans modifier la ramification du système racinaire, contrairement à ce qui a été observé par certains auteurs en présence de protistes. En effet, en présence de nématodes et de dolomie, la L-value dans les parties aériennes de la plante augmente de 49%, la biomasse totale de la plante augmente de 22%, et la quantité de P total dans les tissus de la plante augmente de 9%. Ainsi, Acrobeloides sp. stimule le prélèvement de P par la plante via la voie nutritionnelle ou voie de minéralisation.Les effets de Acrobeloides sp. sur les fonctions de la plante sont variables (positives, neutres, négatives), en fonction des pratiques agricoles et des caractéristiques abiotiques du sol. Tout d'abord, ces effets peuvent dépendre de la variété de riz puisque l'attractivité des nématodes Acrobeloides sp. par la rhizosphère du riz varie en fonction des variétés de riz pluvial, plus précisément en fonction de la composition et de la quantité d'exsudats racinaires libérés par la plante. Ensuite, l'activité mutualiste des nématodes est influencée (maximisée) par la présence d'arbres (agroforesterie) dans la parcelle de riz pluvial. En plus des plantes, les paramètres édaphiques étaient des facteurs clés. L'activité mutualiste des nématodes est fortement limitée par le pouvoir fixateur des Ferralsols. Ainsi, l'ajout de dolomie limite la capacité de sorption de P du sol et améliore l'activité mutualiste des nématodes bactérivores. Enfin, l'activité mutualiste des nématodes sur la croissance et la nutrition du riz pluvial est favorisée par les valeurs élevées de pH et de teneur en Mg dans le sol. Pour conclure nous avons trouvé qu'il est possible d'intensifier l'activité mutualiste des nématodes bactérivores dans un sol tropical pauvre à travers des pratiques agricoles spécifiques (gestion des sols, agroforesterie)Using Acrobeloides sp. (Cephalobidae) and Oryza sativa (Poaceae), we aimed at (i) studying the effects of bacterivorous nematodes on plant functions growing in a nutrient-poor soil in Madagascar, (ii) testing the mechanisms involved in the mutualistic activity of the bacterivorous nematodes in a strong P-depleted Ferralsol from the highlands of Madagascar, and (iii) identifying the agronomic and edaphic factors that can drive the soil microbial loop.Two pathways have been proposed to explain the positive effects of bacterial-feeders on nutrients availability and plant functions: mineralization pathway and exploration pathway. In order to test the involvement of each pathway in the mutualistic activity of bacterivorous nematodes, we assessed the effect of nematodes inoculation on inorganic P flows from soil to plant using the 32P labelling technique. When the soil pH was corrected with dolomite lime, we showed that the presence of Acrobeloides sp. improved net P mineralization and plant (Oryza sativa) functions (growth and nutrition) but did not alter lateral root growth as protists do. Indeed, in the presence of nematodes and dolomite, the shoot L-value increased by 49%, the plant total biomass increased by 22% and the plant total P amount increased by 9%. Thus, Acrobeloides sp. increased plant P uptake through the "nutritional" or "mineralization" pathway.The effects of Acrobeloides sp. on Oryza sativa functions were variable (positive, neutral or negative) according to agricultural practices and soil abiotic variables. First, these effects may depend on the rice cultivar used in the experiment. Indeed, the nematodes attractancy to root-adhering soils varied according to upland rice cultivar, probably according to the amount and composition of root exudates. The mutualistic activity of nematodes is also influenced (maximized) by the presence of trees (agroforestry) in the rice field. Besides plants, the abiotic soil parameters were key drivers. The mutualistic activity of nematodes was strongly limited by the ability of Ferralsols to precipitate and chemisorb phosphates. The addition of dolomite lime limited phosphates sorption on soil and enhanced the mutualistic activity of the nematodes. Also, the high values of soil pH and Mg content tended to increase the mutualistic activity of the bacterivorous nematodes on rice growth and nutrition. To conclude, we found that it is possible to drive the mutualistic activity of bacterivorous nematodes in poor tropical soils through specific soil and agricultural practices
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Mauad, Munir 1970. "Desenvolvimento e marcha de absorção de silício em plantas de arroz sob condição de déficit hídrico e adubação silicatada /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99968.
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Resumo: O cultivo de arroz de terras altas sob condições de sequeiro é considerado um cultivo de risco, sendo a água o fator ambiental mais ligado à baixa produtividade. A identificação e a compreensão dos mecanismos de tolerância à seca, bem como o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais que aumentem essa tolerância são fundamentais para alcançar maior estabilidade na produção. A adubação silicatada tem aumentado a tolerância das plantas aos estresses biótico e abiótico. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de arroz de terras altas sob condição de déficit hídrico e adubação silicatada e a marcha de absorção e acúmulo de silício na parte aérea. Foram instalados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, o primeiro foi delineado em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas cultivares (Caiapó - tradicional e Maravilha - moderno), em duas tensões de água no solo (-0,025 MPa e -0,050 MPa) e duas doses de silício ( 0 e 350 kg ha-1Si). O segundo experimento foi conduzido de maneira inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 7 com quatro repetições, sendo duas cultivares (Caiapó e Maravilha) dois corretivo de solo (carbonato de cálcio e silicato de cálcio) e sete estádios de desenvolvimento (início do perfilhamento, perfilhamento máximo, diferenciação do primórdio da panícula, emborrachamento, antese, grão leitoso e maturação fisiológica.) O estresse hídrico reduziu o 2 número de panícula por metro quadrado, o número total de espiguetas por panícula, a fertilidade das espiguetas e, consequentemente, a produtividade de grãos. Sob condições de estresse hídrico, o silício reduz o teor de prolina na fase vegetativa e reprodutiva e aumenta a atividade da peroxidase na fase reprodutiva, podendo ser um indicativo de tolerância a esse estresse. As cultivares de arroz acumulam silício em quantidades.Abstract: The highland rice cultivate under upland condition is considered a risk cultivate, being the water enviroment factor most linked to low productivity. The identification and the understanding of the dry tolerance mechanisms as well as the development of culture practical that increase this tolerance are fundamental to achieve more stabitity, productivity on highland rice cultivate specially on upland system. The silicon fertilization have been increased the plants tolerance under biotic and abiotic stress. This silicon fertilization have been increased the plants tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This research had the objective to evaluate the development of the upland rice cultivar under water stress condition and silicon fertilization and uptake dynamic of silicon in the aerial part of the plant. The were installed two experiment in greenhouse, the first experiment was outlined at random blocks design in a factorial draft 2x2x2 with four replication. The treatments were 4 two cultivars ( Caiapó- Traditional and Maravilha Modern) for two tension of water on the ground ( -0,025 MPa e -0,0050 MPa) and for two silicon rates ( 0 and 350 kg ha-1Si). The second experiment was carried out as entirely randomized design factorial draft 2x2x7 with four replication, being two cultivares (Caiapó and Maravilha) two soil amendments (limestone and calcium silicate) and seven estage of development. The water stress decreased the number of panicle per square meter, the total number of spikets per panicle, spiketel fertility and consequently the grains productivity. Under water stress, the silicon decrease the proline level at vegetation and reproductive stage and increase the peroxide activity at reproductive stage, could be a tolerance indicative to this stress. The rice cultivares accumulate silicon in different quantity. The silicon uptake dynamic and silicon accumulate is gradual at the Caiapó cultivar, since the tillering to the booting, while.
Orientador: Hélio Grassi Filho
Coorientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Banca: Orivaldo Arf
Banca: Sonia Regina de Souza
Banca: Gaspar Henrique Korndorfer
Banca: José Salvador Simonetti Foloni
Doutor
19
NASCIMENTO, Wellington Ferreira do. "Caracterização morfoagronômica de acessos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) de terras altas." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6533.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Rice is the primary food source in many developing countries in the world, primarily for those located in Asian. The Oryza genus has 24 species, but only two are cultivated: O. glaberrima Steud. in the West of Africa and O. sativa L. in all part of the world. Those species are naturally hydrophytes, however the evolutionary process they become adapted for many different ecosystems as lowland and upland. The breeding method used in the last decades increased the narrowing genetic base and the vulnerability of rice cultivation for plagues and diseases. However, it is necessary to use divergent genitors for development of new cultivars. In this context, the characterization of germplasm accesses from bank and collection could bring facilities in order to use them in breeding programs. The aim of this work was characterizer 146 accesses of upland rice Japanese by morphoagronomical traits in order to bring information that could bring facilities for chose genitors in rice breeding programs. In this case, the morphologic mark could give important information about genetic resource by simple, efficient and cheap way. There were studied 14 qualitative traits and 16 quantitative in a randomized blocks design experiment withthee replicates. For the 14 quantitative traits only two were not polymorphic and there was significative difference (P<0.05) for all 16 quantitative traits. The genetic variance was highest than environmental one and the heritability was higher than 80% for the evaluated characters. The genetic variation coefficient varied from 1.81 to 39.58 for different characteristics and b index was highest than 1 for all characters. The results showed that the rice access of UFRPE germplasm collection have great genetic variability and high potential for use in rice breeding programs.
O arroz é fonte primária de alimento em muitos países em desenvolvimento, principalmente naqueles situados no continente asiático. O gênero Oryza tem 24 espécies, mas apenas duas são cultivadas: a O. glaberrima Steud., cultivada no Oeste da África e da Ásia e O. sativa L., cultivada em todo mundo. Estas espécies são naturalmente hidrófilas,entretanto, o processo evolutivo tem levado sua adaptação às mais variadas condições ambientais, abrangendo desde ecossistemas de várzeas até ecossistemas de terras altas. Os métodos de melhoramento empregados nas últimas décadas têm ocasionado o estreitamento da base genética e conseqüente vulnerabilidade da cultura do arroz a pragas e doenças. Portanto, é necessário priorizar a utilização de parentais divergentes para o desenvolvimento de novas cultivares. Neste contexto, a caracterização de acessos disponíveis nos bancos e coleções de germoplasma pode viabilizar a melhor utilização dos mesmos em programas de melhoramento genético. Para tanto, a utilização de marcadores morfológicos disponibiliza informações à cerca dos recursos genéticos de maneira simples, eficiente e de baixo custo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar 146 acessos japoneses de arroz de terras altas mantidos na Coleção de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), com base em caracteres morfoagronômicos, visando disponibilizar informações necessárias que poderão facilitar à escolha de genitores nos programas de melhoramento genético do arroz. Foram estudados 14 caracteres qualitativos e 16 quantitativos em um experimento delineado em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Em relação aos 14 caracteres qualitativos avaliados, apenas dois não foram polimórficos e houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os acessos para todos os 16 caracteres quantitativos. A variância genética foi superior a ambiental e os coeficientes de herdabilidade média foram altos, superior a 80% para as variáveis analisadas. O coeficiente de variação genética variou de 1,81 a 39,58 dependendo da característica e o índice b foi superior a um para todos os caracteres. Os resultados mostraram que os acessos de arroz mantidos na Coleção de Germoplasma da UFRPE apresentam alta variabilidade genética e grande potencialidade para serem utilizados como fonte de genes em programas de melhoramento genético.
20
Mauad, Munir [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento e marcha de absorção de silício em plantas de arroz sob condição de déficit hídrico e adubação silicatada." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99968.
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O cultivo de arroz de terras altas sob condições de sequeiro é considerado um cultivo de risco, sendo a água o fator ambiental mais ligado à baixa produtividade. A identificação e a compreensão dos mecanismos de tolerância à seca, bem como o desenvolvimento de práticas culturais que aumentem essa tolerância são fundamentais para alcançar maior estabilidade na produção. A adubação silicatada tem aumentado a tolerância das plantas aos estresses biótico e abiótico. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de arroz de terras altas sob condição de déficit hídrico e adubação silicatada e a marcha de absorção e acúmulo de silício na parte aérea. Foram instalados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, o primeiro foi delineado em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas cultivares (Caiapó - tradicional e Maravilha - moderno), em duas tensões de água no solo (-0,025 MPa e -0,050 MPa) e duas doses de silício ( 0 e 350 kg ha-1Si). O segundo experimento foi conduzido de maneira inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 7 com quatro repetições, sendo duas cultivares (Caiapó e Maravilha) dois corretivo de solo (carbonato de cálcio e silicato de cálcio) e sete estádios de desenvolvimento (início do perfilhamento, perfilhamento máximo, diferenciação do primórdio da panícula, emborrachamento, antese, grão leitoso e maturação fisiológica.) O estresse hídrico reduziu o 2 número de panícula por metro quadrado, o número total de espiguetas por panícula, a fertilidade das espiguetas e, consequentemente, a produtividade de grãos. Sob condições de estresse hídrico, o silício reduz o teor de prolina na fase vegetativa e reprodutiva e aumenta a atividade da peroxidase na fase reprodutiva, podendo ser um indicativo de tolerância a esse estresse. As cultivares de arroz acumulam silício em quantidades.
The highland rice cultivate under upland condition is considered a risk cultivate, being the water enviroment factor most linked to low productivity. The identification and the understanding of the dry tolerance mechanisms as well as the development of culture practical that increase this tolerance are fundamental to achieve more stabitity, productivity on highland rice cultivate specially on upland system. The silicon fertilization have been increased the plants tolerance under biotic and abiotic stress. This silicon fertilization have been increased the plants tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. This research had the objective to evaluate the development of the upland rice cultivar under water stress condition and silicon fertilization and uptake dynamic of silicon in the aerial part of the plant. The were installed two experiment in greenhouse, the first experiment was outlined at random blocks design in a factorial draft 2x2x2 with four replication. The treatments were 4 two cultivars ( Caiapó- Traditional and Maravilha Modern) for two tension of water on the ground ( -0,025 MPa e -0,0050 MPa) and for two silicon rates ( 0 and 350 kg ha-1Si). The second experiment was carried out as entirely randomized design factorial draft 2x2x7 with four replication, being two cultivares (Caiapó and Maravilha) two soil amendments (limestone and calcium silicate) and seven estage of development. The water stress decreased the number of panicle per square meter, the total number of spikets per panicle, spiketel fertility and consequently the grains productivity. Under water stress, the silicon decrease the proline level at vegetation and reproductive stage and increase the peroxide activity at reproductive stage, could be a tolerance indicative to this stress. The rice cultivares accumulate silicon in different quantity. The silicon uptake dynamic and silicon accumulate is gradual at the Caiapó cultivar, since the tillering to the booting, while.
21
Lundberg, Mats. "Kinh Settlers in Viet Nam’s Northern Highlands : Natural Resources Management in a Cultural Context." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4778.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with the Kinh (or Viet) majority people who have migrated from the lowland Red River Delta to the mountainous areas of northern Viet Nam, and their adjustment to a new social and physical environment. Its aim is to analyse the social and cultural consequences for these migrants when settling in communities populated with people who belong to the national ethnic minorities (the Tày, the Giay and the Ngan peoples). Focus is on impacts in new interactive situations. The case is a special one in that it focuses on majority people's adaptation to minorities, and to a lesser extent vice versa. The Kinhs' view of how a "civilised" landscape ought to look like and how to utilise the natural resources therein demonstrated to be a central theme when discussing restructuring of the migrants' livelihood. This fact indicates the cultural dimension in the exploitation of the natural landscape and the reconstruction of the subsistence system. In the process of adaptation to a new social environment (as well as to a new physical one), social interactions between the Kinh and the ethnic minorities have proven to be important steps towards integration. One factor that turned out to be decisive in the integration process is the harmonising of life cycle ceremonies (especially weddings and funerals) between the Kinh and the minorities. New knowledge is accumulated locally, based on pooled experience. The study concerns how new knowledge on natural resources management is formed through a mixture of the migrants' knowledge from the Red River Delta and the minorities' knowledge of the local area. With a background in the delta area the Kinh brought the old knowledge of advanced wet rice production with them when migrating to the highlands. The facts show that the influence on the subsistence system has not been a one-way flow. That is, not only has the Kinh changed the minorities' agriculture system, but also the minorities' systems have had an impact on the Kinhs' system so that it now is more adapted to the conditions in the highlands.
22
Hollis, Steven Scott. "Patterns of mineral element retranslocation in four species of tropical montane forest trees in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2008. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Hollis_SSMESThesis2008.pdf.
Full text
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Irshad, Saba, and Purna Chandra Nepal. "Rise Over Thermal Estimation Algorithm Optimization and Implementation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4023.
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The uplink load for the scheduling of Enhanced-Uplink (E-UL) channels determine the achievable data rate for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, therefore its accurate measurement carries a prime significance. The uplink load also known as Rise-over-Thermal (RoT), which is the quotient of the Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) and the Thermal Noise Power floor. It is a major parameter which is calculated at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI) for maintaining cell coverage and stability. The RoT algorithm for evaluation of uplink load is considered as a complex and resource demanding among several Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithms running in a radio system. The main focus of this thesis is to study RoT algorithm presently deployed in radio units and its possible optimization by reducing complexity of the algorithm in terms of memory usage and processing power. The calculation of RoT comprises three main blocks a Kalman filter, a noise floor estimator and the RoT computation. After analyzing the complexity of each block it has been established that the noise floor estimator block is consuming most of the processing power producing peak processor load since it involves many complex floating point calculations. However, the other blocks do not affect the processing load significantly. It was also observed that some block updates can be reduced in order to decrease the average load on the processor. Three techniques are proposed for reducing the complexity of the RoT algorithm, two for the reduction of peak load and one for the reduction of average load. For reducing the peak load, an interpolation approach is used instead of performing transcendental mathematical calculations. Also, the calculations involving noise floor estimation are extended over several TTIs by keeping in view that the estimation is not time critical. For the reduction of average load, the update rate for the Kalman Filter block is reduced. Based on these optimization steps, a modified algorithm for RoT computation with reduced complexity is proposed. The proposed changes are tested by means of MATLAB simulations demonstrating the improved performance with consistency in the output results. Finally, an arithmetic operation count is done using the hardware manual of Power PC (PPC405) used in Platform 4, which gives a rough estimate of decrease in the percentage of calculations after optimization.saabairshad@gmail.com
24
Senyel, Muzeyyen Anil. "Low-rise Housing Development In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607341/index.pdf.
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Urban land prices have important effects on urban development and locational distribution of land-uses. Housing is one of those sectors. There are high-density residential areas covering high-rise apartments at the city center where the land prices are quite high. Here, sizes of the plots and the housing units are relatively small. However, land prices begin to decrease with the increasing distance from the city center and the production of low-density, low-rise housing which is economically unfeasible at the center turns to be feasible for the housebuilders at the outskirts.
Low-rise houses at the urban fringe provides various opportunities for the households. In these areas, plots and housing units are relatively larger due to cheap and available land. In addition to this, better urban services, quiet and clean environment as well as privacy contribute to create a livable urban environment. However, households living in low-rise housing units are subject to high transportation and maintenance costs. It is expected that they would compensate these costs with larger housing units, prestigious urban environment and many opportunities that their neighborhoods offer.
Urbanization processes may be differ from one country to another with respect to the socio-economic and political structures, and the environmental characteristics. In that sense, low-rise housing areas at the urban fringe of Ankara were found to be developed highly compatible with urban land use theoriesbut different from the processes experienced in developed countries, to some extent. With regard to these, low-rise housing development in Ankara is discussed according to plan decisions, housebuilders, households and urban development pattern, considering the theoretical basis and historical processes.
25
Karamollaoglu, Nilay. "The Rise Of Ataka In Bulgaria." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615021/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyses ATAKA&rsquos rise as a prominent actor in Bulgarian politics and to what extent this success is sustainable. The first section seeks the roots of authoritarianism in Bulgaria. The following section focuses on the restructuring and transformation in Bulgaria following the end of the Communist Party rule. The last section examines the reproduction of authoritarianism Bulgaria which is manifested through the rise of ATAKA in the last few years. Main argument of the thesis is that while the party&rsquo
s success has been rather fast and unexpected in the beginning, it was a result of the recreation of authoritarianism that has been present in the Bulgarian history and manifested itself through ATAKA and its xenophobic-racist rhetoric since 2005. While the sustainability of ATAKA&rsquo
s success in the long-term is in question considering its decline in the 2009 parliamentary elections, there is always the possibility of the authoritarianism resurfacing through different mediums, if not through ATAKA.
26
Anik, Alper. "Experimental Investigation Of Silicon Carbide Formation From High Energy Ball-milled Rice Husks Via Pyrolysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614952/index.pdf.
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In this thesis work, it was aimed to optimize the conditions to produce silicon carbide (SiC), from rice husks from Turkish Thrace Region, via pyrolysis.
Rice husks, coked at 500oC, were high energy ball-milled prior to pyrolysis, in order to investigate the effects of ball-milling on pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and morphology of the SiC produced.
Samples of rice husks subjected to different ball milling conditions, were pyrolyzed at temperatures varying from 1500oC to 1600oC and for times varying from ½hour to 2 hours. Results of experiments showed that, ball-milling reduced the pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time to some extent. It was also experimentally shown that ball-milling favored the formation of SiC particles rather than formation of SiC whisker.
27
Turabi, Elif. "Design Of Gluten Free Rice Cake Formulations For Baking In Infrared-microwave Combination Oven." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611810/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to design gluten free rice cakes containing different gums and an emulsifier for baking in infrared (IR)-microwave
combination oven.
In the first part of the study, the effects of different gums (xanthan, guar,
xanthan-guar blend, κ
-carrageenan, locust bean, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan-&
#954
-carrageenan blend) and emulsifier blend (PurawaveTM) on physical properties of cake batters were investigated. In the second part of the study, weight loss, specific volume and texture of the cakes baked in different ovens were determined. Macro and micro-structures of the cakes were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively by using image analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In the last part of the study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize IR-microwave baking conditions and formulation of the cakes. Power law and Casson models were suitable to explain the rheological properties. Xanthan and xanthan-guar gum blends resulted in higher apparent viscosities as compared to other gums. Gum types affected the dielectric properties and gelatinization enthalpies of cake batter. Emulsifier addition increased the volume and porosity but decreased the firmness of the cakes baked in IR-microwave combination oven. More porous cakes were obtained when xanthan and xanthan-guar gum blend were used. Baking method was found to be important in affecting porosity, pore size distribution and microstructure of the cakes. The highest quality gluten-free rice cakes were obtained when the formulation contained xanthan gum and 5.38% emulsifier and baked using 40% microwave power, 60% halogen lamp power for 7 min in IR-microwave combination oven. In addition, baking time was reduced by 76.7% as compared to conventional baking.
28
Goztas, Durmus Ali. "Ride Model And Simulation Of A Backhoe-loader." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612752/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study is to present a dynamic model of a backhoe-loader including cab dynamics in order to simulate the vibration levels transmitted to the operator. For this purpose, analytical solutions of the cab and the machine are developed by deriving the equations of motion of the system and the state space forms of the solution are implemented in the commercially available simulation software, MATLAB/Simulink. In addition to the analytical solution, a model is developed using the physical modeling toolboxes of MATLAB/SimMechanics. Cab model developed in SimMechanics is extended to simulate whole machine dynamics by inserting machine body and tire parameters. Vibration data is acquired from the machine for experimental validation of the models. Analytical and SimMechanics solution are evaluated by comparing the seat acceleration results for the same inputs.
Furthermore, simulation results obtained from the models and the measurement results are found to be in agreement in both time and frequency domain.
29
Engur, Ozge. "Spaces Of Communication In High-rise Residential Buildings." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615651/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of thesis is to evaluate criticisms directed to high-rise buildings which have firstly used for residential purposes with modernism in terms of their hindering social contact, and to explain in what kind of spaces the residents of high-rise building sustain their social and environmental contacts. This form was aimed to be used as the building type of high-rise, low density urban form in CIAM meeting for decreasing health problems created by industrialization on individuals. In contrast, Team 10 criticized high-rise residential buildings by propounding disposal of street and not gathering people by using green areas. They propounded the urban element which is low-rise spreading in horizontal as the form of increment of social connection.
In this study, principally diversified existence of social and environmental communication space are advocated in every urban environment depending on distinctive spatial organizations. Matrix study was made depending on height, density and coverage as three inputs of residential types, and the idea defended was tried to be proven. Communication spaces in high-rise residential buildings were analyzed in urban design and architecture scales. For this purpose, urban design scaled study was analyzed in the frame of territoriality which is related to the main topic of the thesis as residential area, and public and private space continuity types came into prominence. Architecture spaces constituting social and environmental contiguity spaces in high-rise residences were discussed in the frame of contemporary buildings and utopias. The explanation of diversified connection spaces in high-rise residential blocks will be hold.
30
Yasar, Fatih. "Thermomechanical Characterization Of Ti Rich Tini Shape Memoryalloys." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607835/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Titanium-nickel is a unique class of material known as Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). A thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation is responsible for its extraordinary properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity. The near equiatomic Ti-Ni alloys are the commercially most exploited SMAs because of the unique combination of these properties and superior ductility, strength, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance. The properties of Ti-Ni SMAs are very sensitive to composition and the processing parameters. The properties of Ti-Ni SMAs can be modified to a great extent by choice of composition, mechanical working and heat treatment.
Thermo-mechanical treatments are required to strengthen the matrix and improve the shape memory characteristics. Plastic deformation and subsequent annealing is the common way to improve shape memory properties.
In the present study, Ti- 50 at% Ni wire specimens are produced and used for the investigation of the effect of different heat treatment and cold working processes on shape memory characteristics. To investigate the thermomechanical behavior of differently processed wire specimens, a fully computerized servo hydraulic thermomechanical testing machine was designed and constructed. Testing machine was capable to perform different types of tests that are selected by the user. It can both heat and cool the specimen automatically according to the testing sequence by applying DC current directly through the SMA wire or by sending liquid nitrogen into the cooling chamber. Temperature is measured by a K-type thermocouple directly mounted on the wire specimen with a glass tape. Force that is applied to the specimen is produced by hydraulic power unit with a double action cyclinder and it is controlled by a controller which takes the feedback from the loadcell and LVDT (Linear Variable Distance Transducer). During performig thermomechanical-tests all the data of loadcell, LVDT and thermocouple are collected by a data acqusition system integrated with a host computer that operates the program XPC Target.
Ti-Ni alloy with equiatomic composition is prepared in vacum induction furnace. Specimen cast in the form of rod was then hot swaged. Subsequent to swaging, cold wire drawing, intermediate annealing at 500 
C and water quenching was applied to obtain SMA wire with a diameter of 1.52 mm. Ti-Ni wires produced were subjected to four different processes. All the samples were initially solution heat treated at 925 &
#61616
C for 30 minutes prior to water quenching. Some of the samples were further treated by an intermediate anneal at 500 &
#61616
C. To see the effect of cold working
prior to intermediate annealing, 20 % or 40 % cold work was applied to another group of specimens. To study the shape memory characteristics of specimens subjected to the above mentioned processes, four types of test, namely constant stress free recovery test, constant strain free recovery test, constant stress constrained recovery test and constant strain constrained recovery test, were designed and applied cyclically. The tests have shown that the stress plateau observed in the first cycle of the tests disappear upon cycling and the shape memory characteristics improve and stabilize with cycling. Once trained by cycling, fractional free recovery was observed to reach to 100 % and recovery stress to reach 120% of the applied stress if shape recovery is prevented.
31
Ozdoglar, Mehmet Rasit. "Assessment Of Criteria-rich Rankings For Decision Makers." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611509/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental policymaking is a difficult issue for governments. It is desirable to have the decisions based on the results of quantitative and analytical studies. On the other hand, by their very nature, many such decisions have political aspects, whose subtleties are difficult to be captured by quantitative approaches alone. It is left to the political establishments to decide how best to allocate the efforts to improve environmental conditions. In this respect, evaluating the countries by generating environmental indices and the subsequent ranking of the countries with respect to those indices is a common practice. Perhaps the best known environmental sustainability index, the Environmental Performance Index-2008 (EPI-2008), is a composite index that comprises 6 core policy categories and 25 indicators.
While recognizing the qualitative aspects of such decision making, in order to support and guide the policymaking process, we develop analytical tools to assist the process. We carefully delineate our models to be limited only to the provable quantitative properties of the available objective data. However, such data are processed into more meaningful statements concerning the available options. Specifically, using EPI-2008, meaningful mathematical models that shed further light onto the country sustainability measures are developed.
32
Yakin, Zeynep Dilara. "The Rise Of Hizb Ut-tahrir In Post Soviet Uzbekistan." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606799/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis analyzes the conditions that gave rise to Hizb ut-Tahrir, a secretive international radical islamic movement, in post Soviet Uzbekistan. For this purpose, political, economic and socio-cultural conditions and the general characteristics of Hizb ut-Tahrir is examined by the help of historical background and content analysis. It is argued that the emergence of Hizb ut-Tahrir in post Soviet Uzbekistan as a result of interaction of political, economic and socio-cultural conditions in this country.
33
Demydova, Viktoriia 05064827121. "The Rise Of Russian Nationalism Under Vladimir Putin: 2000 - 2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612332/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis aims to discuss the process of nation-building and discourse of Russian nationalism of the Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2000 - 2008. It focuses on the rise of the nationalism in Russia since 2000 and analyzes discourse of nationalism at the state level, in culture and religious sphere, as well as its representation in various ultra right-wing political movements. The thesis argues that despite the ethnic elements in Vladimir Putin&rsquos discourse of Russian nationalism, his version of nationalism is not ethnic, but rather multiethnic and inclusive that seeks to promote loyalty to the Russian state among the Russian citizens without eliminating their ethnic identities. In fact, Putin&rsquo
s version of nationalism is multidimensional. Unlike ethnicity, religion and other cultural elements, the loyalty to the state constitute the core of this nationalism. The thesis comprises of four main chapters. After the introduction chapter, the second chapter examines the main projects of the Russian nation-building and identity construction that emerged after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, and explains which of them were chosen by the leadership of the republic. The third chapter focuses on the discussion of the nation-building under Boris Yeltsin. The fourth chapter is the analysis of Vladimir Putin&rsquo
s nation-building policy and his discourse of nationalism. The fifth chapter analyses the foreign policy of Vladimir Putin, paying attention to policy towards compatriots in the near abroad, countries of the CIS and West. The concluding chapter discusses the main findings of the thesis.
34
Guryay, Ilkay. "Sustainability Of High-rise Buildings:energy Consumption By Service Core Configuration." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614620/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of 'sustainability'
came into question during the last few decades world-wide. As one of the main source of carbon emission, construction industry is also affected by this movement. High-rise buildings which became proliferative components of construction industry dominate today'
s urban centers. Although they are defended as being inherently energy efficient by some people, specially designed sustainable high-rise building examples emerged after the sustainability movement all over the world. This dissertation examines the role of the service core configuration on the sustainability of high-rise buildings. In this context, the effect of different core types and locations on the energy consumption of high-buildings is evaluated. For this respect, sixteen alternative configuration models with central, end and split core types are determined as the representative of possible design choices. The alternatives share the same height, net and gross floor area, floor efficiency, materials, internal gains, etc. They just vary in type and location of the service core and orientation of the building mass. Energy consumptions of the sixteen models are tested with eQUEST, a thermal simulation program, by using the climatic data of Istanbul. The simulation is conducted according to two air conditioning scenarios for office and core zones. For both of the scenarios, split core alternatives are found as the most energy efficient configurations regardless of the core location and building orientation. Moreover, it is observed that while the end core alternatives giving average values, central core configurations have the highest energy consumption results, as predicted.
35
Ozyurt, Gulizar. "Fuzzy Vulnerability Assessment Model Of Coastal Areas To Sea Level Rise." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612653/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and anticipated impacts of sea level rise such as increased coastal erosion, inundation, flooding due to storm surges and salt water intrusion to freshwater resources will affect all the countries but mostly small island countries of oceans and low-lying lands along coastlines. Turkey having 8333 km of coastline including physically, ecologically and socio-economically important low-lying deltas should also prepare for the impacts of sea level rise as well as other impacts of climate change while participating in adaptation and mitigation efforts. Thus, a coastal vulnerability assessment of Turkey to sea level rise is needed both as a part of coastal zone management policies for sustainable development and as a guideline for resource allocation for preparation of adaptation options for upcoming problems due to sea level rise.
In this study, a fuzzy coastal vulnerability assessment model (FCVI) of a region to sea level rise using physical and human activity indicators of impacts of sea level rise which use commonly available data are developed. The results enable
decision makers to compare and rank different regions according to their vulnerabilities to sea level rise, to prioritize impacts of sea level rise on the region according to the vulnerability of the region to each impact and to determine the most vulnerable parameters for planning of adaptation measures to sea level rise.
The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis performed for the results of the model (FCVI) is the first time application of a fuzzy uncertainty analysis model to coastal vulnerability assessments. These analysis ensure that the decision makers could be able to interpret the results of such vulnerability assessments based primarily on expert perceptions accurately enough. This in turn, would increase the confidence levels of adaptation measures and as well as accelerate implementation of adaptation of coastal areas to climate change.
The developed coastal vulnerability assessment model is applied successfully to determine the vulnerability of Göksu, Gö
cek and Amasra regions of Turkey that have different geological, ecological and socio-economical properties. The results of the site studies show that Gö
ksu has high vulnerability, Gö
cek has moderate vulnerability and Amasra shows low vulnerability to sea level rise. These results are in accordance with the general literature on impacts of sea level rise at different geomorphological coastal areas thus the applicability of fuzzy vulnerability assessment model (FCVI) to coastal areas is validated.
36
Aydemir, Akin. "Deep-trench Rie Optimization For High Performance Mems Microsensors." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608719/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the optimization of deep reactive ion etching process (DRIE) to achieve high precision 3-dimensional integrated micro electro mechanical systems
(MEMS) sensors with high aspect ratio structures. Two optimization processes have been performed to achieve 20 μ
m depth for 1 &
#956
m opening for a dissolved wafer process (DWP) and to achieve 100 &
#956
m depth for 1 &
#956
m opening for silicon-on-glass (SOG) process. A number of parameters affecting the etch rate and profile angle are investigated, including the step times, etch step pressure, platen power, and electrode temperature. Silicon etch samples are prepared and processed in METU-MET facilities to understand and optimize the DRIE process parameters that can be used for the production of MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers. The etch samples for DWP are masked using a photoresist, Shipley S1813. After the optimization process, vertical trench profiles are achieved with minimum critical dimension loss for trench depths up to 20 &
#956
m. Since the selectivity of the resist is not sufficient for 100 &
#956
m deep trench etch process, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is used as the mask for this process. At the end of the optimization processes, more than 100 &
#956
m depth for 1 &
#956
m opening with almost vertical sidewalls are achieved. In summary, this study provides an extensive understanding of the DRIE process for successful implementations of integrated MEMS sensors.
37
Cihan, Abdullah. "The Rise Velocity Of An Air Bubble In Coarse Porous Media: Theoretical Studies." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604709/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The rise velocity of injected air phase from the injection point toward the
vadose zone is a critical factor in in-situ air sparging operations. It has been
reported in the literature that air injected into saturated gravel rises as discrete air
bubbles in bubbly flow of air phase. The objective of this study is to develop a
quantitative technique to estimate the rise velocity of an air bubble in coarse
porous media. The model is based on the macroscopic balance equation for forces
acting on a bubble rising in a porous medium. The governing equation
incorporates inertial force, added mass force, buoyant force, surface tension and
drag force that results from the momentum transfer between the phases. The
momentum transfer terms take into account the viscous as well as the kinetic
energy losses at high velocities. Analytical solutions are obtained for steady,
quasi-steady, and accelerated bubble rise velocities. Results show that air bubbles
moving up through a porous medium equilibrate after a short travel time and very
iv
short distances of rise. It is determined that the terminal rise velocity of a single
air bubble in an otherwise water saturated porous medium cannot exceed 18.5
cm/sec. The theoretical model results compared favorably with the experimental
data reported in the literature. A dimensional analysis conducted to study the
effect of individual forces indicates that the buoyant force is largely balanced by
the drag force for bubbles with an equivalent radius of 0.2-0.5 cm. With
increasing bubble radius, the dimensionless number representing the effect of the
surface tension force decreases rapidly. Since the total inertial force is quite small,
the accelerated bubble rise velocity can be approximated by the terminal velocity.
38
Kadioglu, Pinar. "The Rise Of Ethno-nationalism In Cyprus Under The British Rule: 1878-1960." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612298/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an attempt to inquire the origins of the Cyprus conflict by analyzing the historical developments that laid the ground for the inter-communal dispute in the late 1950s, while focusing on the structural dimension of the rise of ethnonationalisms in the island. The special emphasis is given to the British period 1878-1960 in the historical analysis since the ethno-religious identity consciousnesses of the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities in the island started to turn into ethnonational ones and later into antagonistic nationalisms during this era. The study&rsquos underlying premise is that although different identity perceptions existed much earlier among the two communities of the island, the inconsistent policies of the British administration that shifted in accordance with its interests in the Mediterranean region enabled the emergence of a conducive environment for the politicization and manipulation of these diverse identity perceptions. The Greek and Turkish nationalisms gained strength in this era and gradually transformed into antagonistic nationalisms motivated by different political goals about the future of the island. These developments would be the main reason of the inter-communal violence in Cyprus that arose in late 1950s and also in the following years till the permanent territorial partition in 1974.
39
Koc, Erkan. "Modeling And Investigation Of Fault Ride Through Capability Of Variable Speed Wind Turbines." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612534/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Technological improvements on wind energy systems with governmental supports have increased the penetration level of wind power into the grid in recent years. The high level of penetration forces the wind turbines stay connected to the grid during the disturbances in order to enhance system stability. Moreover, power system operators must revise their grid codes in parallel with these developments. This work is devoted to the modeling of variable speed wind turbines and the investigation of fault ride trough capability of the wind turbines for grid integration studies.
In the thesis, detailed models of different variable speed wind turbines will be presented. Requirements of grid codes for wind power integration will also be discussed regarding active power control, reactive power control and fault ride through (FRT) capability. Investigation of the wind turbine FRT capability is the main focus of this thesis. Methods to overcome this problem for different types of wind turbines will be also explained in detail. Models of grid-connected wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator and permanent magnet synchronous generator are implemented in the dedicated power system analysis tool PSCAD/EMTDC. With these models and computer simulations, FRT capabilities ofvariable speed wind turbines have been studied and benchmarked and the influences on the grid during the faults are discussed.
40
Ozyurt, Gulizar. "Vulnerability Of Coastal Areas To Sea Level Rise: A Case Study On Goksu Delta." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608146/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and anticipated impacts of sea level rise such as increased coastal erosion, inundation, flooding due to storm surges and salt water intrusion to freshwater resources will affect all the countries but mostly small island countries of oceans and low-lying lands along coastlines. Turkey having 8333 km of coastline including physically, ecologically and socio-economically important low-lying deltas should also prepare for the impacts of sea level rise as well as other impacts of climate change while participating in mitigation efforts. Thus, a coastal vulnerability assessment of Turkey to sea level rise is needed both as a part of coastal zone management policies for sustainable development and as a guideline for resource allocation for preparation of adaptation options for upcoming problems due to sea level rise.
In this study, a coastal vulnerability matrix and a corresponding coastal vulnerability index &ndashCVI (SLR) of a region to sea level rise using indicators of impacts of sea level rise which use commonly available data are developed. The results of the matrix and the index enable decision makers to compare and rank different regions according to their vulnerabilities to sea level rise, to prioritize impacts of sea level rise on the region according to the vulnerability of the region to each impact and to determine the most vulnerable parameters for planning of adaptation measures to sea level rise. The developed coastal vulnerability assessment model is used to determine the vulnerability of Gö
ksu Delta (Specially Protected Area), Mersin that has unique geological, ecological and socio-economical properties which are protected and recognized by both national and international communities.
41
Nakas, Gul Ipek. "The Processing Of Porous Ni-rich Tini Alloys Via Powder Metallurgy And Their Characterization." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615032/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In the scope of this study, TiNi foams with porosities in the range of 39-64 vol% were processed from prealloyed powders by Mg space holder technique. Porous TiNi alloys displayed homogeneously distributed spherical pores with interconnections, which is suitable for bone ingrowth.
Porous Ti-50.8 at%Ni alloys were processed by sintering at 1200 °C for 2 h to analyze the microstructure as well as mechanical behavior. SEM, TEM and XRD studies were conducted for the characterization of microstructure and phase analyses in addition to the mechanical characterization performed by monotonic and superelasticity compression tests as well as compressive fatigue tests. It was observed that stress required to trigger martensitic transformation was decreased via increasing porosity. The monotonic compression test results also indicated that altering the porosity content of TiNi foams leads to different monotonic compression behaviors. It was observed that the foams display more bulk deformation like behavior as a composite structure composed of TiNi and macropores when the porosity content was low. As the porosity content has increased, the struts became more effective and deformation proceeds by the collapse of favorable struts. On the other hand, cyclic superelasticity tests results indicated that maximum achieved and recovered strain values at the end of fifth cycle increase while the fraction of strain recovered at the end of fifth cycle decreases with decreasing porosity content. Furthermore, the fatigue lives of the processed foams were observed to vary within a band which has a width decreasing with decreasing &sigma
max / &sigma
y yielding an endurance limit ranging in between 26-89 MPa or 0.5-0.6 &sigma
y. Fractography studies on the failed foams after fatigue testing revealed that the failure occurs by the coalescence of micro-cracks initiated from pore walls leading to macro-cracks aligned at 45o with respect to the loading axis. In addition to the mentioned characterization studies, the effects of sintering temperature and time on TiNi foams with 58 vol% porosity as well as heat treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of TiNi foams with 49 vol% porosity were analyzed with SEM and compression tests. Aging of TiNi foams with 49 vol% porosity at 450 °
C for 1.5 h has shown that the presence of Ti3Ni4 precipitates improve the superelastic response.
42
Dikmen, Neslihan. "Political Economy Of China'." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610171/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to analyze the international political economy of rising China since the mid 1990s. The main question it tries to answerwhy in the early 21st century, Chinese officials defined China&
#8217
s position within the international system as Peaceful Rise in theory, in rhetoric and in policy. The research studies the question based on analysis of international political economy of China&
#8217
s reform process within a historical perspective. Given China&
#8217
s history-long &
#8216
&
#8216
catching up with the West&
#8217
&
#8217
as the main drive behind the determination and the guidance of China&
#8217
s strategy at home and abroad throughout the political history of modern China, the thesis argues that &
#8216
&
#8216
China&
#8217
s Rise&
#8217
&
#8217
has became the new strategy of China&
#8217
s catching up objective towards the 21st century. Chinese leadership formulated the concept of Peaceful Rise as the discourse of the new policy to both domestic and external audiences. Building up Harmonious Society and being a Soft Power in international order have been designed as the policy components of new strategy. Chinese leadership also used the concept of Peaceful Rise as the theory of the legitimization of the new strategy of &
#8216
&
#8216
China&
#8217
s Rise&
#8217
&
#8217
and its policy components.
43
Ustoglu, Deniz. "Agriculture In Urban Areas As A Socio-economic And Townscape Value: The Case Of Rize." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614830/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid urbanization, which is one of the major problems of contemporary era, created cities as the major destroying centers of nature and ecology by human beings. In this respect, urban agriculture takes place in urban areas as a new way to meet nature and urban for improving the quality of life in the last decades. Despite the belief that agricultural activities always take place in rural areas, agriculture in urban areas would provide citizens many opportunities in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects.
This study aims to identify the notions of urban agriculture, and to investigate its economic, social and environmental impacts by exemplifying the different practices around world. It focuses on Black Sea Towns of Turkey in the case of Rize where agriculture is occupied in important parts of urban and rural areas. Unique features of agriculture in urban areas as they differ from other implementations in the world are examined. In this thesis, UA is considered as socio-economic and townscape value in the city. In the case of Rize, urban agriculture appears as an indispensable part of social life that bears the imprint of rural background of the cities.
44
Ozun, Ahsen. "Fragility Based Assessment Of Low." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608334/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the seismic fragility assessment of low-rise and mid-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings which constitute approximately 75 % of the total building stock in Turkey is investigated to quantify the earthquake risk. The inventory used in this study is selected from Düzce damage database which was compiled after the devastating 1999 earthquakes in the Marmara region. These buildings are not designed according to the current code regulations and the supervision in the construction phase is not adequate. The building database is divided into sub-classes according to the height and absence of infilled walls. Each building in the database is represented by an equivalent single degree of freedom system with three structural parameters: period, strength, and post-elastic stiffness ratio. The ground motion records are selected from different parts of the world covering a wide range of characteristics. The capacity of the structure is represented for each sub-class by the limit states. Hence, a set of fragility curves for low- and mid-rise reinforced concrete structures are developed by making use of the building characteristics in the database. The generated fragility curve set is referred as &ldquo
reference&rdquo
since it forms the basis of a parametric study. A parametric study is conducted to examine the influence of post-elastic stiffness ratio, simulation and sampling techniques, sample size, limit state definition and degrading behavior on the final fragility curves. Estimated damage distribution after two consecutive major earthquakes is compared with the actual field data in order to investigate the validity of the generated fragility curves.
45
Senol, Nalan. "Simulation Of Surface Waves Generated By A Rapid Rise Of A Block At The Sea Bottom." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606256/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
SIMULATION OF SURFACE WAVES GENERATED BY A RAPID RISE OF A BLOCK AT THE SEA BOTTOM
SENOL, Nalan
M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering,
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. ismail AYDIN
July 2005, 74 Pages
A mathematical model is developed for investigating time dependent surface deformations of a hydrostatic water volume, when it is subjected to a sudden partial rise of the sea bottom.
In the model, 2-dimensional, compressible, and viscous Navier-Stokes equations are solved by Marker and Cell (MAC) method. Variable mesh size in both horizontal and vertical directions with a staggered grid arrangement is used. Limited compressibility model is utilized for pressure. Various computational tests are done for the selection of computational parameters of the model. It is found that the amplitude of surface waves generated by vertical displacements of the sea bottom depends on size and speed of bottom displacements.
46
Duzce, Zeynep. "Performance Evaluation Of Existing Medium Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings According To 2006 Turkish Seismic Rehabilitation Code." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607834/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Linear elastic and nonlinear analysis procedures of 2006 Turkish Seismic Rehabilitation Code are applied to medium rise reinforced concrete buildings. In this study, four storey residential buildings are designed according to the 1998 and 1975 Turkish Seismic Design Codes, and the analysis procedures are verified on these case studies. In addition to these buildings, the analysis procedures are tested on an existing school building before and after retrofitting.
The assessment procedures employed in the 2006 Turkish Seismic Rehabilitation Code are based on linear elastic analysis (equivalent lateral load method, mode superposition method)non-linear analysis (pushover analysis with equivalent lateral load method and mode superposition method) and non-linear time history analysis. In this study, linear elastic analysis with equivalent lateral loads and non-linear static analysis (pushover analysis) with equivalent lateral loads are investigated comparatively. SAP2000 software is used for pushover analysis
however the plastic rotation values obtained from SAP2000 are not used directly but defined according to the code procedures. Post-elastic rotations at yielding sections are transferred to Excel and the corresponding strains are calculated from these rotations by Excel Macro. These strains are compared with strain limits described in the 2006 Turkish Seismic Rehabilitation Code to obtain the member performances. In the linear elastic procedure, structural analysis is performed also by SAP2000 to obtain the demand values, whereas the capacity values are calculated by another Excel Macro. With these demand and capacity values, corresponding demand to capacity ratios are calculated and compared with demand to capacity ratio limits described in 2006 Turkish Seismic Rehabilitation Code to obtain the member performances. Global performances of the buildings are estimated from the member performances and from the inter-storey drifts for both two methods. The results are compared to each other, and critically evaluated.
47
Sener, Duygu. "Understanding Facade Between Design And Manufacturing: A Case Study On High-rise Office Buildings In Istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607942/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis aims to examine how the formation of façades, that is, the interface with a dual response both to interior functioning and exterior urban fabric, is separated from the totality of architectural design by new technological developments and design intentions. This aim is accomplished in three sections, respectively: analysis of the faç
ade, the properties and formation process in time
examining the faç
ade formation of the high-rise office buildings in Levent-Maslak area in respect to the analysis and examining the working principles and marketing attitudes of faç
ade manufacturing firms in terms of their role in faç
ade formation. The focus is on the description of a faç
ade and the process that generated the autonomy in time is examined. In this sense, the thesis analyzes that the &
#8216
free-faç
ade&
#8217
application, by which physical autonomy is totally gained, transforms the faç
ade to a production element by using the technological developments and specifications of curtain-wall system in the Turkish context, in particular in Levent-Maslak area. Besides the technical availability, the representational qualities of the new materials transform this production based character of the free-faç
ade to a more representational character as an object-faç
ade. Finally, the study investigates how the technical knowledge inherent in the new faç
ade systems gives the authority,in formation process of faç
ades, to the manufacturing firms instead of the architect. It is therefore stressed that the changing role of the architect in the formation process of faç
ades is often based on the working principles and marketing attitudes of faç
ade manufacturing firms at present.
48
Tan, Mustafa Tumer. "Seismic Strengthening Of A Mid-rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Using Cfrps: An Application From Real Life." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610562/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF A
MID-RISE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME
USING CFRPs: AN APPLICATION FROM REAL LIFE
Tan, Mustafa Tümer M.S., Department Of Civil Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gü
ney Ö
zcebe Co-Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. BariS Binici May 2009, 162 pages FRP retrofitting allows the utilization of brick infill walls as lateral load resisting elements. This practical retrofit scheme is a strong alternative to strengthen low to mid-rise deficient reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Turkey. The advantages of the FRP applications, to name a few, are the speed of construction and elimination of the need for building evacuation during construction. In this retrofit scheme, infill walls are adopted to the existing frame system by using FRP tension ties anchored the boundary frame using FRP dowels. Results of experiments have previously shown that FRP strengthened infill walls can enhance lateral load carrying capacity and reduce damage by limiting interstory drift deformations. In previous, analytical studies, a detailed mathematical model and a simplified version of the model for compression struts and tension ties was proposed and verified by comparing model estimations with test results. In this study, an existing 9-storey deficient RC building located in Antakya was chosen to design and apply a hybrid strengthening scheme with FRPs and reduced number of shear walls. Linear elastic analysis procedure was utilized (force based assessment technique) along with the rules of Mode Superposition Method for the reftrofit design. FRP retrofit scheme was employed using the simplified model and design was conducted such that life safety performance criterion is satisfied employing elastic spectrum with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years according to the Turkish Earthquake Code 2007. Further analytical studies are performed by using Modal Pushover and Nonlinear Time-History Analyses. At the end of these nonlinear analyses, performance check is performed according to Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, using the strains resulting from the sum of yield and plastic rotations at demand in the critical sections. CFRP retrofitting works started at October 2008 and finished at December 2008 for the building mentioned in this study. Eccentric reinforced concrete shearwall installation is still being undertaken. All construction business is carried out without evacuation of the building occupants. This project is one of the first examples of its kind in Turkey. Keywords: CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers, Masonry Infill Walls, Reinforced Concrete Infill Walls, Mid-Rise Deficient Structures, Turkish Earthquake Code 2007, Modal Pushover Analysis, Nonlinear Time History Analysis, Linear Elastic Building Assessment
49
Aydan, Goksu. "Ride Comfort Improvement By Application Of Tuned Mass Dampers And Lever Type Vibration Isolators." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12612131/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the efficiency of linear and rotational tuned mass dampers (TMD) and lever type vibration isolators (LVI) in improving ride comfort is investigated based on a vehicle quarter-car model. TMDs reduce vibration levels by absorbing the energy of the system, especially at their natural frequencies. Both types of TMDs are investigated in the first part of this study. Although linear TMDs can be implemented more easily on suspension systems, rotational TMDs show better performance in reducing vibration levelssince, the inertia effect of rotational TMDs is higher than the linear TMDs. In order to obtain better results with TMDs, configurations with chain of linear TMDs are obtained in the second part of the study without changing the original suspension stiffness and damping coefficient. In addition to these, the effect of increasing the number of TMDs used in the chain configuration is investigated. Results show that performance deterioration at lower frequencies than wheel hop is reduced by using chain of TMDs. In the third part of this study, various configurations of LVIs with different masses are considered and significant attenuation of vibration amplitudes at both body bounce and wheel hop frequencies is achieved. Results show that TMDs improve ride comfort around wheel hop frequency while LVIs are quite efficient around body bounce frequency. Finally, parameter uncertainty due to aging of components and manufacturing defects are investigated.
50
Erdogan, Zeynep. "Development Of A Control Strategy For Road Vehicles With Semi-active Suspensions Using A Full Vehicle Ride Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610392/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main motivation of this study is the design of a control strategy for semi-active vehicle suspension systems to improve ride comfort for road vehicles. In order to achieve this objective, firstly the damping characteristics of Magnetorheological dampers will be reviewed. Then an appropriate semi-active control strategy manipulating the inputs of the dampers to create suitable damping forces will be designed. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control strategy is the primary focus area on semi-active control throughout this study. Further, skyhook controllers are examined and compared with optimal LQR controllers. The semi-active controller is tuned using a linearized full (4 wheel) vehicle ride model with seven degrees of freedom. Some selected simulations are carried out by using a nonlinear model to tune LQR controller in an effort to optimize bounce, pitch, and roll motion of the vehicle. Time domain simulations and frequency response analysis are used to justify the effectiveness of the proposed LQR control strategy.