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1
Egelstig, Malin, and Simon Ekizean. "Finns det ett samband mellan ledningsgruppens sammansättning och risken i företaget?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202304.
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Sammansättningen i svenska börsnoterade bolags ledningsgrupper består till stor del av medelålders män med svensk härkomst. Mångfalden i dagens Sverige återspeglas därmed inte i näringslivets topp, vilket kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för både företag och samhället i stort. Med hjälp av en välkänd teori inom den strategiska forskningen, the upper echelon theory, och tidigare forskning inom området ämnar vi förklara samband mellan risknivån i företag och ledningsgruppens sammansättning i form av ålder och kön. Vi har genomfört en kvantitativ studie där vi samlat in data om 1991 ledningsgrupper, vilka tillsammans omfattar nästan 14 000 observerade ledande befattningshavare. Den statistiska undersökningen har resulterat i att samband har anträffats mellan risken i företaget och ledningsgruppens sammansättning avseende både kön och ålder. Vi har dessutom funnit att branschen har en viss påverkan på vilka personer som ingår i ledningsgruppen.
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Simonsson, Linda, and Karlsson Frida. "Hur upplever en soloföretagare sin allra första rekrytering? : En entreprenörs upplevda hinder, möjligheter och tankeprocess." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65517.
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Det finns mycket forskning kring entreprenörskap samt rekrytering, dock är soloföretagarens upplevelse av sin första rekrytering ett outforskat område. Genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod vill vi få en ökad förståelse för hur en soloföretagare upplever hinder och möjligheter när de tar sitt beslut om att bli arbetsgivare. Vi har fått en ökad förståelse genom att vi har genomfört en fokusgrupp samt fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer. De fick själva lyfta fram sina egna erfarenheter samt perspektiv på hur anställningen upplevdes. Vi har i denna studie valt att utgå från två dimensioner kön och ålder då vi har generella uppfattningar om att det kan skilja sig åt mellan dem. Studiens entreprenörer har yttrat sig om att de upplevt både hinder och möjligheter i samband med sin första rekrytering. Ytterligare har vi även en generell uppfattning om att anställa är ett mer riskfyllt beslut i jämförelse med att hyra in sina medarbetare. Studien visade dock att vår generella uppfattning endast stämde överens med två av våra entreprenörer.
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Husell, Ida, and Emma Moen. "Styrelsens oberoende och dess samband med företagets prestation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447763.
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Med bakgrund i tidigare forsknings tvetydiga resultat samt avsaknad av studier för svensk marknad ämnar denna studie undersöka huruvida styrelsens oberoende har ett samband med företagets finansiella prestation hos svenska börsnoterade företag. Urvalet baseras på bolag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm Large-, Mid- och Small Cap samt Nordic Growth Market för åren 2014–2019 med totalt 478 observationer. Med hjälp av multipel regressionsmetod studerades styrelsens oberoende i förhållande till två prestationsmått, Return on Assets (ROA) och Tobins Q. Studien finner inget signifikant samband mellan styrelsens oberoende och företagets finansiella prestation oavsett vilket mått som används. Resultaten är robusta även för test över tidsperioden 2017–2019. Studiens resultat analyseras i relation till tidigare forskning samt agentteori och upper echelon theory. Utfallet för denna studie går inte i linje med teoriernas antaganden eller tidigare forskning i Europa, därav anses ytterligare studier krävas för att säkerställa sambandet.
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Sebaa, Ali A. "The importance of aligning managerial characteristics to functional strategy in public sector organisations: An empirical study of Dubai government." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4885.
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Managerial characteristics have an important influence on strategy
implementation. Previous studies have looked at the alignment of
managerial characteristics with strategic type and aspects of performance.
In all cases, the focus has been on corporate strategy and, predominantly,
in private sector organisations. This study combines these objectives and
investigates alignment between managerial characteristics, strategy and
perceived performance. It focuses on management at the functional level in
a public sector setting and demonstrates that classical upper-echelon theory
is also relevant when applied at the functional level of management.
The Miles and Snow (1978) typology is applied to the functional strategy for
Dubai government organisations, to investigate whether functional units
pursuing strategies are led by functional managers with dissimilar attributes,
and whether the alignment between managerial characteristics and strategy
is related to performance of the functional unit.
Based on the extant literature, a research model has been developed,
which yields two types of hypothesis. Data was collected by means of
interviews and surveys to obtain knowledge of strategy types, and
demographic and psychological characteristics for the functional managers.
Regression techniques have been used for data analysis rendering support
for two types of hypothesis. Consequently, this study supports the view that
Upper Echelon theory can also apply at the functional level, emphasising
the role of the functional managers, at the lower management levels of the
organisations, in strategy implementation.
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Gustafsson, Peter, and Eda Uysal. "CEO? Or More Like RiskEO? : A Cross-Sectional Study of CEO Characteristics and Firm Risk-Taking." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149641.
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Risk is something intrinsic to business, and something firms are exposed to on a daily basis. This means that there exists a great deal of pressure on the Top Management of a firm to successfully navigate the different risks to which they are exposed. The CEO holds a unique position in the firm, as she is ultimately responsible for deciding which strategies to employ in order to properly respond to these risks. But what influenced the CEO when making such decisions? The Upper Echelon Theory suggests that decisions made by the Top Management Team of a firm are influenced by their values and their cognitive base, which is formed throughout their upbringing. Researchers on Upper Echelon Theory suggest that these two abstract constructs can be difficult to measure and analyse, and should therefore be approximated using specific and observable characteristics of the Top Management Team. In our study, this theory has applied to Swedish CEOs as they are the ultimate decision-maker in a firm. The specific characteristics observed and analysed in our investigation into the relationship between the CEO and risk are; gender, age, nationality, and tenure. Thus, the purpose of this study is formulated as follows: “The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between CEO characteristics, specifically age, gender, tenure, and nationality, and firm risk-taking, as measured by the leverage ratio, stock return volatility, cash holdings, and R&D expenditure, on the Swedish market. As a sub-purpose, we intend to investigate whether there is a nonlinear relationship between CEO tenure and risk-taking.” By collecting data from the databases, Thomson Reuters Eikon and Amadeus, a dataset of 284 firms and their CEOs was collected and used in the cross-sectional analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the relationships between the previously mentioned CEO characteristics and the proxies for firm risk-taking. The majority of the relationships found were of a non-significant nature, indicating that the relationship between Swedish CEO characteristics and the strategies they employ when running their firms is weak and differs from relationships found in earlier studies, using data from different markets. The significant relationships found were between cash holdings and age, long tenures and leverage ratio, and short tenures and stock return volatility. This indicates that older CEOs are more risk-averse, while longer seated CEOs maintain less debt, and shorter seated CEOs are perceived as more risky by the market. However, as these results only entail 15% of our observed results, none of the hypotheses constructed for this study were verified. Therefore, our conclusion is that the previously observed relationships between the characteristics of CEOs and their risk-taking is not present within our sample of firms listed on the Swedish market. Some tendencies that align with previous results have been found but are not generalisable and as a result, we cannot recommend that private actors act on these results.
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Sebaa, Ali Ahmed. "The importance of aligning managerial characteristics to functional strategy in public sector organisations : an empirical study of Dubai government." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4885.
Full textAbstract:
Managerial characteristics have an important influence on strategy implementation. Previous studies have looked at the alignment of managerial characteristics with strategic type and aspects of performance. In all cases, the focus has been on corporate strategy and, predominantly, in private sector organisations. This study combines these objectives and investigates alignment between managerial characteristics, strategy and perceived performance. It focuses on management at the functional level in a public sector setting and demonstrates that classical upper-echelon theory is also relevant when applied at the functional level of management. The Miles and Snow (1978) typology is applied to the functional strategy for Dubai government organisations, to investigate whether functional units pursuing strategies are led by functional managers with dissimilar attributes, and whether the alignment between managerial characteristics and strategy is related to performance of the functional unit. Based on the extant literature, a research model has been developed, which yields two types of hypothesis. Data was collected by means of interviews and surveys to obtain knowledge of strategy types, and demographic and psychological characteristics for the functional managers. Regression techniques have been used for data analysis rendering support for two types of hypothesis. Consequently, this study supports the view that Upper Echelon theory can also apply at the functional level, emphasising the role of the functional managers, at the lower management levels of the organisations, in strategy implementation.
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Charas, Solange. "DOES UPPER ECHELONS TEAM DYNAMIC MATTER? THE CRITICALITY OF EXECUTIVE TEAM BEHAVIOR IN ECONOMIC VALUE CREATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1395319255.
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Grant, Navneet Chattha. "FACTORS INFLUENCING WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT ADVANCED ANALYTICS IN SMALL BUSINESSES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1599811292346464.
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Bodin, Kristiansen Malin, and Alexander Johnson. "Faktorer bakom adoption av styrmodeller : Tio svenska stora företag med olika strukturella attribut." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64323.
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Syftet med examensarbetet är att beskriva och kartlägga hur adoptionen av styrmodeller kan se ut i stora företag och utifrån detta identifiera vilken betydelse olika faktorer karaktäriserade av individuella-, organisationella- och omvärldsaspekter som påverkar adoptionen. Detta för att öka kunskapen om vilka faktorer som kan ligga bakom adoptionen av styrmodeller och hur dessa påverkar. Vidare är syftet att explorativt finna mönster mellan påverkande faktorer och företags strukturella attribut för att se hur möjliga kopplingar till företagens strukturer kan se ut. Studien bidrar därmed iutvecklingen av ett mer holistiskt synsätt. För att uppnå syftet utgår studien från sju faktorer; rationella och effektiva, psykodynamiska, retoriska och mode, politiska, kulturella, tvingande samt härmande och trender som på olika sätt påverkar adoptionen inom företag. Studien genomfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tio stycken stora företag i Norrbotten med olika attribut inom ledartyp, ägarform och koncernförhållande. Företagens deltagare utgjordes av beslutsfattare med höga positioner inom företaget medinsikt i adoptionsprocessen som ingående kunde förklara händelser som påverkade adoptionen. Resultaten indikerar på att samtliga sju faktorer i olika grad påverkar företagens adoption av styrmodeller. Framförallt var de rationella och effektiva faktorerna klart framträdande som den faktor med högst påverkan inom samtliga företag eftersom att adoptionsbeslutet ofta grundade sig i någon form av problem eller kris. Resterande faktorer påverkade i olika utsträckning, där det fanns antydningar om mönster mellan faktorer och företagens strukturella attribut. Studien formulerade sex hypoteser kopplat till funna mönster mellan faktorer och företagens strukturella attribut.The purpose of this thesis is to describe and map how the adoption of management practices works in large companies and to identify the importance of different factors characterized of individual, organizational and environmental aspects that can affect the adoption. This to increase knowledge about the underlying factors that might affect the adoption of management practices. Furthermore, the purpose is to exploratively find patterns between influencing factors and corporate structural attributes to identify how possible connections to corporate structures may exist. This study contributes to the development of a more holistic approach. To achieve the purpose, the study is based on seven different factors; Rational and effective, psychodynamic, rhetorical and fashion, political, cultural, forced-selection (coercive), and imitation (mimetic) and trends that affect business adoption in various ways. This study was conducted through qualitativeinterviews with ten large companies in Norrbotten with different attributes in the management type, ownership and corporate relationship. The companies’ participants consisted of high-level decision-makers within each company with insight into the adoption process, which could thus explain in detail the events that affected the adoption. The results indicate that all seven factors influence the companies’ adoption of management practices to a different extent. In particular, the rational and effective factors were clearly prominent as the factors with the highest impact within all companies, because the adoption decision was often based on some kind of problem or crisis. Remaining factors affected to varying degrees, where there were indications of patterns between factors and the company's structural attributes. The study formulated six hypotheses linked to found patterns between factors and the company's structural attributes.
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Björkegren, Emilia, and Rebecca Lind. "Frivillig rapportering och personliga egenskaper : En kvantitativ studie om hur CEO:ers respektive CFO:ers personliga egenskaper påverkar den frivilliga rapporteringen hos svenska börsnoterade företag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166806.
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Intresset för frivillig rapportering har under de senaste åren ökat. Tidigare studier har fått varierande resultat avseende vad som påverkar företags frivilliga rapportering, men managers personliga egenskaper har antagits kunna ha en påverkan. Syftet med studien är att förklara hur personliga egenskaper, som CEO:er respektive CFO:er i svenska börsnoterade företag besitter, påverkar den frivilliga rapporteringen i företagens årsredovisningar. Såväl påverkan på den totala mängden frivillig information som på vilka kategorier av frivillig information som läggs vikt vid studeras. Studien visade att kvinnliga CFO:er bidrar positivt till den totala mängden frivillig rapportering och att CFO:ers personliga egenskaper generellt har en större påverkan än CEO:ers personliga egenskaper på den frivilliga rapporteringen. Managers personliga egenskaper visades påverka den totala mängden frivillig rapportering mer än vilka kategorier som läggs vikt vid. Dock visade resultatet också på att agentteorin och de systemorienterade teorierna bättre förklarar vad som påverkar frivillig rapportering än vad managers personliga egenskaper gör. Studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om vad som påverkar företagens frivilliga rapportering. Genom att utgå från företagens CEO respektive CFO bidrar studien med förståelse för hur personliga egenskaper hos dessa påverkar den frivilliga rapporteringen, både den totala mängden och vilka kategorier av information som läggs vikt vid.
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Karat, Alma, and Adila Malik. "Effektivitet och kvalitet – Den demografiska mångfaldens påverkan på strategiska beslut : En kvantitativ studie om den demografiska mångfaldens påverkan på strategiska beslut i ledningsgruppen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20812.
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Studien omfattar 50 observationer av bolag inom First North och undersöker två hypoteser relaterade till demografisk mångfald inom ledningsgrupper och strategiska beslut. I studien förväntades demografisk mångfald ha en negativ påverkan på effektiva strategiska beslut och en positiv påverkan på strategiska beslut av kvalitet. Hypoteserna accepterades delvis och studien konstaterade att endast en del av de demografiska karaktärsdragen har en påverkan på strategiska beslut.The study contains 50 observations of companies in First North and examine two hypothesises related to demographic diversity in top management teams and strategic decisions. The study expected demographic diversty as having a negative impact on effective strategic decisions and have a positive impact on quality of strategic decisions. The hypothesises showed partial support and found that only some of the demographic characteristics had an impact on strategic decisions.
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Hoffmann, Werner H., and Lukas Meusburger. "How CEO Values and TMT Diversity Jointly Influence the Corporate Strategy Making Process." Springer Nature, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41464-017-0042-y.
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Understanding managerial behavior and its underlying motivations is
of key interest in times where the role of business in society is generally viewed
critically. While CEO influence on strategy making processes is almost undisputed,
little attention has explicitly been paid to how CEO values and the characteristics
of the top management team (TMT) interact in shaping corporate strategy making.
This is surprising if one follows the assumption that top managers who work closely
together will by necessity influence each other's actions. Hence, we would expect the
CEO-TMT interface to be vital in understanding how leadership influences strategy
making. To address this, we propose a model in which the personal values of the CEO
have a direct effect on the characteristics of corporate strategy making processes yet
where this association is moderated by TMT diversity. We test the model with
data from Austria and Germany obtained through a large-scale survey conducted in
spring 2015 and a follow-up survey conducted in fall 2015 and find general support
for our model. CEO values geared towards self-transcendence (as opposed to selfinterest)
seem to be associated with more formal strategy making processes, while
values geared towards openness to change (as opposed to conservation) are found
to be associated with more flexible and less externally open ones. TMT diversity
moderates all of these relationships. Our results add to upper echelon theory as well
as to strategy process research and highlight promising avenues for future research.
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Mohaghegh, Matin. "Managerial and operational problem-solving: from microfoundations to antecedents of behavior modes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427299.
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Introduction:
My PhD dissertation includes three papers to deal with complex problems either at shop-floor level, called operational problem-solving, or at upper-management level of the organization, known as managerial problem-solving. However, this research makes a very clear distinction between either fixing a problem by just eliminating its symptoms or overcoming it through diagnosing and altering underlying causes. Drawn from dual-process theory, the former is based on intuitive reasoning of individuals (called Intuitive Problem-Solving: IPS) with minimum cognitive efforts, whereby problem-solvers jump to a solution using prompt remedies, short-term fixes and heuristics to temporarily solve the problem. The latter, conversely, relies on analytical reasoning of individuals (called Analytical Problem-Solving: APS) with deliberate and reflective cognitive efforts to overcome the problem fundamentally using a set of structured actions. However, an analytical problem-solver is required to go through a series of stages for a comprehensive problem formulation (i.e. problem definition, problem analysis, and
solution design) before the final decision is reached.
Although the effectiveness of APS, as a superior behavior mode, is asserted in the management literature as a way to fundamentally solve the problems, contribute to strategic capabilities (i.e. organizational learning and continuous improvement) and ameliorate the long-term performance, little attention is placed to articulate the main supporting factors of this superior behavior mode, and thus existing literature fails to highlight the conditions through which APS pays off successfully. Moreover, many firms fail to implement this behavior mode or struggle to fully reap its benefits at both operational and strategic domains. So, in the first paper of my thesis, a systematic literature review (SLR), coupled with a document co-citation analysis, is conducted to discover the APS supporting factors as well as the enabling conditions through which APS is more
likely to succeed. Based on a synthesis of the literature, three groups of (a) organizational, (b) environmental, and (c) problem nature-related factors are discussed in order to gain the most out
of this behavior mode for in the context of both operational and managerial problem-solving.
Second paper, motivated by a field-work at a manufacturing firm, studies the micro-foundations of each behavior mode in the context of operational problem-solving. Based on insights from the case-study conducted, IPS and APS, as two potential solutions to approach and respond to the problems, are unpacked by explication of key variables as well as the relationships among them. Moreover, despite the key role of the APS, problem-solvers are more likely to adopt IPS, a phenomenon that is called “IPS dominance” in the literature. In this paper, a system dynamic modeling is developed whose simulation results illustrate the transition dynamics between IPS and APS to shed light on the mechanisms through which “IPS dominance” occurs in the context of operational problem-solving. (1) Problem urgency due to time pressure, (2) managers with short-term horizon and (3) insufficient attention to establish and maintain a set of organizational antecedents for a successful APS adoption, emerge as three main reasons that cause IPS to take precedence over APS. Finally, this study concludes that a combination of IPS and APS (i.e. adopting both behaviors simultaneously with an emphasis on APS though) could be recognized as the best strategy for problem resolution. In this regard, IPS should be encouraged to prevent the situation from getting worse and keep the production running even in a suboptimal way, and APS, simultaneously, to solve the problems fundamentally with a less probability for the problems to recur.
APS can also be adopted at the strategic level of the firm where upper-echelon executives are required to employ a rational-comprehensive behavior while making strategic decisions. Hence, in the third chapter, the attention is moved from the operational or shop-floor level to upper-management or strategic level of the organization. I argue that every single behavior thus including problem-solving behavior of CEOs is subject to the psychology in which they perceive things. However, unlike most of behavioral studies in management literature that focus on human dysfunctions and failures at the workplace, this study places more attention on positivism. More precisely, the third paper empirically investigates the relationships between CEO’s positivism in particular hope, optimism and resiliency, APS, and
the firm-level performance. Based on cross-sectional data using a structural equation modeling (SEM), positively-oriented human traits (i.e. hope and resiliency) are introduced as the psychological antecedents of APS that are, in turn, influential for organizational performance.
In my dissertation, I do not present novel tools and techniques for problem-solving. Instead, I adopt different theories from other research streams to scrutinize problem-solving behavior modes. For instance, in the second paper, I employ a well-known perspective in organizational studies (i.e. organizational learning), to study the micro-foundations of each mode. In the third chapter, emphasizing APS, I borrow variables from psychology (i.e. personality traits) and couple them with APS to investigate the psychological antecedents of APS, at strategic level of the firm. This attitude assists me to effectively bridge the gap between different management streams such as organizational behavior, strategic management, and operations management since I deeply believe in interdisciplinary areas as the upcoming trends in management studies.
All in all, my PhD thesis consists primarily of three papers as follows:
1) Analytical Problem-Solving, More Recommended than used: A Synthesis of the Literature
2) The Dynamics of Operational Problem-Solving: A Dual-Process Approach
3) CEO’s Problem-Solving and Psychological Determinants of Success: Evidence from Iran
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White, Stuart. "Narcissistic chief executive officers and corporate acquisitions : An upper echelons perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15617.
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This study investigates how chief executive officer narcissism impacts the organizations strategic decisions and outcomes. Rooted in the idea that the organization is a reflection of its top managers, I theorize that narcissistic chief executive officers may influence the decision process leading to corporate acquisitions. Furthermore, taking into account the Dotcom bubble and subprime-crash, research on merger waves is incorporated into the research framework as an outside of the organization effect impacting organizational outcomes. Using a sample of 116 acquisitions by 60 chief executive officers at public listed U.S. firms this is tested from 1994-2017. The results show little to no connection between chief executive officer narcissism and corporate acquisitions in total, international acquisitions or through truly large acquisitions. Though there is a positive connection between observable characteristics such as education and age influencing the decision to acquire firms. When comparing the sample of 116 acquisitions to a general market sample of 4379 acquisitions, a connection to merger wave theory is identified.Denna studie undersöker hur verkställande direktör narcissism påverkar organisationens strategiska beslut och utfall. Med förankring i idén att organisationen är en reflektion av sina ledare, teoretiserar jag för hur narcissistiska verkställande direktörer kan influera beslutsprocessen som leder till företagsförvärv. Vidare, genom att ta i beaktning IT bubblan och finanskrisen, inkorporeras forskning om merger waves i det teoretiska ramverket som en extern faktor vilket påverkar organisatoriska utfall. Med ett urval av 116 uppköp av 60 verkställande direktörer på publika företag i USA testas detta under perioden 1994-2017. Resultatet visar lite till ingen koppling mellan narcissistiska verkställande direktörer och företagsförvärv vare sig totalt, internationella förvärv eller genom mycket stora förvärv. Däremot visar denna studie en koppling mellan observerbara egenskaper såsom utbildning och ålder påverkar beslutet att förvärva företag. När urvalet 116 förvärv jämförs med ett generellt marknadsurval på 4379 förvärv, påvisas det en koppling till merger wave teori.
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Angriawan, Arifin. "TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM HETEROGENEITIES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF BOARD COMPOSITION." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/249.
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Recent research has investigated the moderating effects of environmental characteristics on the relationships between top management team heterogeneities and firm performance but has given little attention to the moderating role of board composition. This study examines the moderating effects of the proportion of outside board membership on the relationships between top management team heterogeneities and firm performance. The upper echelons theory would contend that outside directors with their valuable resources (information, skills, and network) and the tendency to challenge and initiate cognitive conflicts with top management teams can improve the quality of strategic decision making process and firm performance. To test these predictions, it is hypothesized that the greater the proportion of outside directors, the more positive the relationship between top management team tenure heterogeneity, educational heterogeneity, functional background heterogeneity, and firm performance. Fortune 500 companies were chosen as the sample of the study. I utilized moderated hierarchical regression to analyze the data. The results do not support the predictions. Several theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.
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Gustavsson, Erik, and Regalado Jose Antonio Amador. "Managerial Risk-Taking Behaviors of CEOs in Family Businesses : Applying the Upper Echelons Theory on Family Businesses’ CEOs." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48549.
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Background Nowadays the amount of research regarding the family business context has improved meaningfully. However, the field of family business could still be considered immature and with existing gaps in its literature. Thereby, several studies in the family business context have discussed the topic of risk-taking, which establishes its crucial importance as a topic within in the field. Thus, risk-taking is a topic of the utmost importance for any given organization in terms of growth regardless if it is a family firm or non-family firm. However, in order to enact such levels of growth, the firms’ CEOs are required to engage in managerial risk-taking behaviors. Here, managerial risktaking is explained through the lens of the upper echelons theory which aids to understand the different perspectives (e.g., age, tenure, education and prior work experiences) CEOs utilize to take risk in their daily activities. Purpose Through the identified fundamental experiences affecting the managerial risk-taking behaviors of CEOs, the purpose of this thesis, through the lens of the upper-echelons theory, is to research how CEOs experiences influence their managerial risk-taking behaviors inside family businesses. Method This thesis followed a quantitative research approach, by analyzing a sample of 100 family firms and their CEOs across Scandinavia. Here, the data was collected via the public database “Amadeus” and complemented with supporting sources such as “LinkedIn” and companies’ websites. Lastly, multiple statistical tests were performed to further asses and explore the collected data. Findings The final results of this thesis were unable to determine to what degree the independent variables of CEOs’ experiences (age, tenure, education and prior work experiences) influence the dependent variable of managerial risk-taking behaviors. In our case, the controlling variables of firm size and CEOs being part of the board showed to have a significant effect on the managerial risk-taking behaviors of CEOs.
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Jarnås, Sigrid, and Ebba Tamm. "Kvinnliga VD:ar och marknadens reaktion : Tillkännagivande av kvinnliga VD:ar och hur deras erfarenheter och egenskaper påverkar marknadens reaktion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434611.
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Studien syftar till att undersöka om investerare anser att kvinnliga verkställande direktörer (VD) tillför värde till företaget genom att studera marknadsreaktionen när kvinnliga VD:ar tillkännages. Studien undersöker även om VD:ns erfarenheter och egenskaper, enligt Upper Echelons Theory, har en effekt på studerad marknadsreaktion. Studien avgränsas till den svenska marknaden där företag på Nasdaq Stockholm samt First North inkluderas, där urvalet består av 49 företag. Marknadens reaktion vid tillkännagivande av nya, kvinnliga VD:ar operationaliseras till den abnormala avkastningen vid eventdagen enligt marknadsmodellen, och tas fram för tio dagar innan tillkännagivandet till och med tio dagar efter. Resultatet visar att investerare är positivt inställda till kvinnliga VD:ar och anser de värdeskapande då signifikant positiv abnormal avkastning kan utläsas. Avseende antaganden om att VD:ns erfarenheter och egenskaper har effekt på marknadens reaktion finner studien inga signifikanta resultat och gör att hypoteserna varken kan förkastas eller accepteras.
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Blomkvist, Jakob, and Simon Utterström. "De finansiella rapporternas trovärdighet : Hur kan förekomsten av resultatjustering i svenska privata bolag förklaras av företagsledningens karaktärsdrag och faktorer hos revisorn?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167239.
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Resultatjustering är ett hot mot trovärdigheten i den finansiella rapporteringen, och är ett ämne som erhållit mycket uppmärksamhet i tidigare forskning. Dock domineras den tidigare forskningen av studier på publika bolag, trots att det givits indikationer på att resultatjustering förekommer mer i en privat kontext. Under senare år har det dessutom framkommit att redovisningsval kan förklaras utifrån ledande befattningshavares individuella karaktärsdrag, förenligt med upper echelons theory. En förutsättning för resultatjustering är således att upprättaren av redovisningen är benägen till det. Förekommandet av resultatjustering i de finansiella rapporterna är utöver en benägenhet från upprättaren även beroende av revisorns förmåga att förhindra det. Eftersom forskning saknas i en svensk privat kontext, finns ett behov av en ökad förståelse om situationer utsatta för resultatjustering både från upprättarens och revisorns perspektiv. Studiens resultat indikerar att resultatjustering förekommer mindre i de svenska privata bolag som drivs av en gift VD. Därtill antyder resultatet att resultatjustering förekommer mindre i de svenska privata bolag som revideras av en kvinnlig revisor, samt i de svenska privata bolag som betalar ett högre revisionsarvode.Earnings management is a reliability threat in financial reporting, and is a subject which has gained considerable attention in previous research. However, most previous research has focused on public companies, even though indications has been given that earnings management is more prominent in private companies. In recent studies, choices of accounting methods have also showed to be explained by characteristics of the top management, consistent with upper echelons theory. Hence, a precondition for earnings management to occur is a willingness by the accountor to implement it. Besides this willingness, earnings management is affected by the auditor’s ability to prevent it. Due to the empirical gap in a Swedish private context, there is a need for increased understanding of conditions where earnings management tends to occur, both from the perspective of the accountor and the auditor. The study ́s result indicates that earnings management is less present in Swedish private companies with a married CEO. The result further suggests that earnings management is less present in Swedish private companies audited by a female auditor, and in Swedish private companies paying a higher audit fee.
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Planitz, Max Albert von der [Verfasser], Utz [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäffer, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hack. "Upper echelons theory : how managerial characteristics affect corporate strategic change / Max Albert von der Planitz. Betreuer: Utz Schäffer ; Andreas Hack." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102346151X/34.
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Planitz, Max Albert von der Verfasser], Utz [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schäffer, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hack. "Upper echelons theory : how managerial characteristics affect corporate strategic change / Max Albert von der Planitz. Betreuer: Utz Schäffer ; Andreas Hack." Vallendar : WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:992-opus4-637.
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Neuman, Erica L. "The Social and Psychological Costs of Avoiding Taxes: An Archival Analysis of Firm and Peer Effects." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1586462862248405.
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Andrade, Álisson Maxwell Ferreira de. "A relação entre o grau de internacionalização e o desempenho de empresas multinacionais (EMNs): o efeito moderador das características do alto escalão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-18112016-163255/.
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Desde 1970, a relação entre o grau de internacionalização e o desempenho das empresas multinacionais (EMNs) tem sido amplamente estudada na literatura de negócios internacionais. Entretanto, os resultados são bastante controversos. Diante disso, revisões recentes sobre o tema propuseram uma nova agenda de pesquisa para avançar na busca por um melhor entendimento acerca da relação Internacionalização-Desempenho. Atualmente, por exemplo, há um consenso de que a literatura de Internacionalização-Desempenho minimiza o papel da gestão, aspecto amplamente negligenciado na literatura de negócios internacionais, mas que é altamente relevante, pois o processo de expansão internacional traz consigo exigências de processamento de informações por parte dos executivos do alto escalão. Portanto, este estudo pretende preencher essa lacuna de pesquisa, incorporando o efeito das características do alto escalão sobre a relação Internacionalização-Desempenho. Para tanto, o trabalho retoma a perspectiva tradicional da relação Internacionalização-Desempenho, combinada às teorias do Alto Escalão ou Upper Echelons e Capacidade de Processamento de Informações, para propor que a influência do grau de internacionalização sobre o desempenho da empresa depende do contexto de gestão dessas empresas, em especial das características relacionadas à capacidade de processamento de informações do alto escalão. A amostra do trabalho é composta por 100 EMNs selecionadas nas bases Capital IQ e Thomson One. Os dados foram levantados para o período 2004-2014, sendo estabelecida uma defasagem de 3 anos entre as variáveis independentes (2004-2011) e dependente (2007-2014), totalizando um painel com 100 unidades transversais e 8 unidades temporais (8×100=800 observações). As hipóteses do trabalho foram testadas com a aplicação da técnica de dados em painel, através do método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ponderados (MQP). Os resultados sugerem que existe uma forte influência de certas características do alto escalão sobre a relação internacionalização-desempenho, tais como nível educacional, experiência internacional, média etária e diversidade de nacionalidades. Assim, o estudo encontra apoio para a tese de que a influência do grau de internacionalização sobre o desempenho da empresa depende do contexto de gestão e da capacidade de processamento de informações do alto escalão dessas EMNs, aspectos cruciais para a empresa superar os desafios inerentes à expansão internacional e obter melhor desempenho no contexto internacional. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que o tamanho da empresa, a intensidade de P&D e a liquidez contribuem positivamente para o desempenho internacional das EMNs. Neste sentido, o presente estudo realça o papel da gestão para a relação Internacionalização-Desempenho, ao mesmo tempo em que proporciona à literatura de negócios internacionais uma melhor compreensão acerca do reflexo das características do alto escalão sobre as estratégias internacionais e o desempenho das EMNsSince 1970 the relationship between the degree of internationalization and the performance of multinational corporations (MNCs) has been widely studied in international business literature. Meanwhile, the results are controversial. As a consequence, recent reviews about the topic proposed a new research agenda in order to advance the knowledge about the relationship between internationalization and firm performance. Currently, for example, there is a consensus that the literature about the internationalization-performance minimizes the role of management, a highly neglected aspect in the international business literature, but which is highly relevant, as the process of international expansion per se brings along requirements about information processing by top management team (TMT). Therefore, the present research intends to fill the research gap, incorporating the effect of top management team characteristics on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance. For this purpose, this research resumes the traditional perspective about the internationalization-performance relationship combining the theories about Upper Echelons and the Information Processing Capacity in order to propose that the influence of the degree of internationalization on firm performance depends on the management context of those companies, in particular the characteristics related to Information Processing Capacity by the top management team. The sample consists of 100 MNCs selected in the databases Capital IQ and Thomson One. The data have been collected for the period 2004-2014, whereas the independent variables (2004-2011) and the dependent variables (2007-2014) feature time lags between them and the panel is composed of 100 cross sections and 8 time units (8×100=800 observations). The hypotheses have been tested with panel data through the WLS (Weighted Least Squares) method. The results suggest a strong influence of certain top management team characteristics on the internationalization-performance relationship, such as educational level, international experience, average age and nationality diversity. Thus, the research finds support for the hypothesis that the influence of the degree of internationalization on performance depends on the management of these companies, in particular on the characteristics of information processing by TMT that are crucial aspects for the inherent challenges emerging in international expansion and for performance in the international context. Moreover, the results suggest that the firm size, the R&D intensity and liquidity contribute positively to the international performance of MNCs. Hence, the present study highlights the role of management for the internationalization-performance relationship and at the same time enriches the international business literature towards a better understanding about the TMT\'s characteristics in international strategy and MNC\'s performance
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Pinto, Marcus Paulo de Souza Ferreira. "Gestão de serviços veterinários: uma investigação sobre as práticas de custos, preços e rentabilidade sob o enfoque do conhecimento contábil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-03122015-120450/.
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Dentre os componentes da estratégia dos prestadores de serviços, a determinação de custos, margens e preços finais se constitui como elemento de elevada importância para manutenção da viabilidade econômica, dentro de um mercado que exige melhores serviços, com a manutenção de custos em patamares que permitam rentabilidade frente aos reembolsos e assegurem uma posição de captação e manutenção de clientes. As pequenas e médias empresas têm importante papel socio-econômico no cenário nacional, e há uma percepção de falta de práticas gerenciais adequadas no setor de medicina veterinária. Alega-se que o conhecimento contábil exerce papel central na adoção das práticas utilizadas. Desta forma, a pesquisa é conduzida no setor de serviços de clínica médica veterinária para avaliar empiricamente o nível de conhecimento contábil conceitual dos gestores, quais variáveis contingenciais e pessoais interferem no conhecimento contábil e de que forma esse conhecimento interfere nas práticas gerenciais. A bibliografia indica que o conhecimento contábil é importante variável contingente, afetando as práticas e o desempenho das organizações. A Upper Echelons Theory argumenta que uma organização é reflexo da decisão de seus gestores e que atributos pessoais observáveis do gestor podem ser utilizados como meio de influência das práticas adotadas. A pesquisa contribui para a literatura a respeito de Teoria da Contingência e Upper Echelons Theory. A metodologia aplicada nesta pesquisa foi um survey com 30 itens, divididos em blocos de identificação do perfil organizacional e pessoal do gestor, avaliação de conhecimentos contábeis e rotinas de determinação de custos, margens e preços. Foram obtidas 167 respostas cuja análise permitiu retratar um nível de conhecimento de conceitos contábeis mediano, sem o refinamento dos métodos de custeio variável, margem de contribuição e aplicação de custos na determinação de preços. O nível de conhecimento foi impactado pelas variáveis contingenciais: localização geográfica e presença de gestão profissional. Atributos pessoais do gestor que refletiram diferenças de nível de conhecimento contábil foram: formação acadêmica, grau de formação e horas de capacitação técnica em gestão. O conhecimento, quando considerado a variável contingente, foi determinante das práticas utilizadas de custo, margem e precificação. Há uma percepção de descontentamento com os próprios conhecimentos por parte dos empresários que apontam a falta de conhecimento e a falta de profissionais habilitados como os principais obstáculos para uma melhor gestão. Não houve identificação de contadores como gestores na amostra e os respondentes indicam o não oferecimento do serviço por parte do profissional contábil que os assessora como o principal motivo para o afastamento. Há indícios de que quanto maior o nível de conhecimento, melhor o desempenho financeiro e oportunidades para diferenciação. São apresentadas proposições de aproximação de profissionais contábeis capacitados e empresários, assim como sugestões e oportunidades de pesquisas futuras no campo da Upper Echelons Theory e no conhecimento como determinante de melhor desempenho empresarial.Among the components of the strategy of service providers, determining costs, margins and final price is a highly important element to maintaining economic viability within a market that demands better services, but maintaining costs at levels that allow profitability front of repayments and ensures capturing and maintaining customers. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important socio-economic role on the national scene and there is a perceived lack of appropriate managerial practices in the veterinary medicine sector. It is claimed that the accounting knowledge plays a central role in the adoption of the practices used. Thus, the research aims to be conducted in veterinary medical clinic services sector to empirically assess the level of conceptual knowledge of accounting managers, which contingency and personal variables interfere in accounting knowledge and how the accouting knowledge interferes in management practices. The literature indicates that this kind of knowledge is important contingent variable affecting the practices and the performance of organizations. The Upper Echelons Theory argues that an organization reflects the decision of its managers and observable personal attributes manager can be used as a means of influence of the practices adopted. The research contributes to the literature on the Contingency Theory and Upper Echelons Theory. The methodology used in this study was a survey with 30 items, divided into three blocks: organizational and manager profile identification, evaluation of accounting knowledge and routines for determining costs, margins and prices. 167 responses were obtained whose analysis allowed portray a median level of knowledge of accounting concepts, without the refinement of variable costing methods, contribution margin and compliance costs in pricing. Level of knowledge was impacted by the following contingency variables: geographic location and the presence of professional management. Personal manager attributes that reflect level of accounting knowledge differences were: academic background, level of training and hours of technical training in management. Knowledge, when considered the contingent variable was determining in the practices of cost, margin and pricing. There is a perception of entrepreneur discontent with their own knowledge and point to the lack of knowledge and lack of skilled professionals as the main obstacles for better management. There was no counters as managers in the sample and the respondents indicate not offer the service by the accounting professional that assists as the main reason for the withdrawal. There is evidence that the higher the level of knowledge, better financial performance and opportunities for differentiation. Propositions are presented in an effort to approximate qualified accounting professionals and entrepreneurs as well as suggestions and future research opportunities in the field of Upper Echelons Theory and knowledge as a key to better business performance.
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MURGIA, GIANLUCA. "La definizione di nuovi modelli di leadership per il conseguimento del vantaggio competitivo: un'analisi strutturale degli organi di governo delle imprese italiane basta sull'integrazione della upper echelons theory e della resource dependence theory." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/940.
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Il presente lavoro analizza il modello di leadership delle aziende italiane attraverso un approccio che integra la upper echelons theory e la resource dependence theory. L’integrazione di queste due teorie permette di comprendere il ruolo giocato dalla leadership aziendale nella gestione delle risor-se che fanno parte dell’ambiente interno ed esterno all’impresa, e quindi il contributo che essa può dare alla definizione del vantaggio competitivo aziendale. La leadership aziendale si estrinseca at-traverso gli organi di governo dell’impresa e in particolare attraverso il Consiglio di Amministra-zione (CdA), il cui ruolo centrale è dovuto dal fatto che esso partecipa alla formulazione delle stra-tegie aziendali, opera un monitoraggio continuo della gestione dell’impresa e rappresenta uno stru-mento essenziale per l’accesso alle risorse presenti nell’ambiente. La modalità con cui il CdA riesce ad espletare tali funzioni dipende dalle caratteristiche del suo patrimonio cognitivo e relazionale, ossia dall’insieme di conoscenze, valori e relazioni di cui i suoi membri, singolarmente e colletti-vamente, si fanno portatori. Tuttavia, l’efficacia del CdA, e quindi l’impatto che tale organo può avere sulle strategie e la performance aziendale, dipende anche da altri fattori che sono riconducibili all’ambiente interno ed esterno all’impresa. In particolare, occorre tenere conto del modello di cor-porate governance adottato dall’azienda che determina le relazioni tra gli stakeholder e gli equilibri di potere all’interno dell’organizzazione. Per questo motivo, si è data un’ampia descrizione dei mo-delli di corporate governance adottati dalle aziende italiane, precedentemente e successivamente al-le riforme legislative approvate a partire dal 1998, evidenziandone le caratteristiche dal punto di vi-sta della struttura proprietaria, del ruolo delle diverse tipologie di azionisti e degli effetti che questi fattori hanno sugli organi di governo aziendale. All’interno dei modelli di corporate governance del-le aziende italiane, il ruolo del CdA è focalizzato soprattutto sulle funzioni di formulazione della strategia aziendale e di accesso alle risorse esterne, ma l’efficacia con cui esse vengono svolte di-pende fortemente dalle caratteristiche del patrimonio cognitivo e relazionale del CdA. Per valutare il patrimonio cognitivo e relazionale del CdA è stata effettuata un’analisi empirica utilizzando un approccio demografico, che si basa sullo studio di alcune variabili strettamente demografiche, che riguardano i singoli amministratori e il Consiglio nel suo insieme. Ciascuna di queste variabili può avere un impatto diverso sulle strategie messe in atto dall’azienda e sulla performance ottenuta dalla stessa, come testimoniato dalla vasta letteratura in merito, legata soprattutto alla upper echelons theory e alla resource dependence theory. Nel presente lavoro, in linea con alcuni studi precedenti, si è focalizzata l’attenzione sull’impatto che tali variabili possono avere in due popolazioni di a-ziende, appartenenti ad un settore stabile e turbolento, rispettivamente quello alimentare e quello in-formatico; in questo modo è stato possibile evidenziare lo stretto legame esistente tra patrimonio cognitivo e relazionale del CdA e ambiente di business in cui opera l’impresa. Conseguentemente, si è proceduto ad un’accurata analisi strutturale della composizione di tale organo, che ha permesso di mappare alcune variabili demografiche che ne definiscono il grado di omogeneità/eterogeneità del patrimonio cognitivo, mentre la misurazione delle variabili legate al patrimonio relazionale è stata condotta attraverso l’uso di tecniche legate alla Social Network Analysis. Si è proceduto ad un confronto tra le aziende appartenenti ai due settori, attraverso l’uso di tecniche statistiche non para-metriche, che hanno evidenziato l’esistenza di differenze significative tra le due popolazioni di a-ziende; infatti, le aziende del settore informatico mostrano un patrimonio cognitivo molto più etero-geneo e un patrimonio relazionale più sviluppato rispetto a quelle alimentari. Infine, attraverso l’uso della cluster analysis, si è proceduto ad una classificazione delle aziende sulla base del grado di omogeneità/eterogeneità del patrimonio cognitivo del loro CdA e sono state evidenziate delle rela-zioni positive con le strategie di innovazione messe in atto dalle aziende e con le performance, mi-surate in termini di ROE e ROI. Attraverso questo studio, è stato possibile identificare se una de-terminata configurazione del CdA può avere effetti positivi o negativi su determinate scelte e risul-tati aziendali, anche se ciò non implica che il patrimonio cognitivo e relazionale del CdA sia la cau-sa principale del comportamento delle imprese, dal momento che quest’ultimo dipende da una mol-teplicità di fattori, interni ed esterni all’impresa.This work analyzes the leadership model of the Italian firms through an approach that combines the upper echelons theory and the resource dependence theory. The integration of these theories favours the acknowledgement of the role played by the executive leadership in managing the resources of the firm’s internal and external environment, and, consequently, her contribution to the develop-ment of the firm’s competitive advantage. The executive leadership is developed through the firm’s government organs, and specifically through the Board of Directors (BoD), whose central role is due to the fact that it participates to the definition of firm’s strategies, acts a continuous monitoring of the firm’s management and represents an essential instrument for the access to the environmental resources. BoD can deal with these functions accordingly with the characteristics of its cognitive and relational capital, that are the whole of knowledge, values and relationships developed, singu-larly and collectively, by its members. Nevertheless, the BoD effectiveness, and so its impact on the firm’s strategies and performance, depends also on other factors, that concern with the firm’s inter-nal and external environment. In particular, it’s necessary to understand the corporate governance model adopted by the firm, which determines the relationship among stakeholders and the power equilibrium inside the organization. For this reason, I have given a wide description of the corporate governance models adopted by the Italian firms, before and after the legislative reforms passed since 1998, highlighting their characteristics in terms of ownership structure, of the role played by the different typologies of shareholders, and of the effects on the firm’s government organs. Inside the corporate governance models of the Italian firms, the BoD role is focussed above all on the functions of firm’s strategies development and of the access to the environmental resources, but the effectiveness in dealing with these functions strongly depends on the characteristics of BoD cogni-tive and relational capital. In order to evaluate BoD cognitive and relational capital, it has been car-ried out an empirical analysis using a demographic approach, which is based on the study of such strictly demographic variables, inherent to the singular director and to the whole BoD. Each of these variables can have a different impact on the strategies and the performance of the firm, as indicated by the wide literature linked to the upper echelons theory and to the resource dependence theory. In this work, coherently with some previous studies, I have focussed my attention on the impact that these variables can have on two populations of firms, belonging to a stable and to a turbulent sector, respectively the food and the IT sector; so, it’s possible to point in evidence the strict relationship between BoD cognitive and relational capital and the environment where the firm operates. So, I have carried out an accurate structural analysis of BoD composition, which has favoured the map-ping of such demographic variables that determine the degree of homogeneity/heterogeneity of the cognitive capital, while the measurement of the variables linked to the relational capital has been carried out through the use of Social Network Analysis techniques. Then, I have carried out a com-parison between the firms belonging to the two sectors, through the use of non parametric statistical techniques, which highlighted the existence of significative differences between the two populations of firms; in fact, the IT firms show a more heterogeneous cognitive capital and a relational capital more developed than the food ones. Finally, through the use of a cluster analysis, I have classified the firms of each sector accordingly to their degree of homogeneity/heterogeneity of BoD cognitive capital and I have pointed in evidence some positive relationships with the innovation strategies car-ried out by the firms and with their performance, measured in terms of ROE and ROI. Through this work, I have identified if a specific BoD composition con have a positive or negative effect on such firm’s strategies and results, but this does not imply that the cognitive and relational capital is the principal cause of the firm’s behaviour, which is determined by several factors, inherent to the ex-ternal and the internal firm’s environment.
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Costa, Gabriel Donadio. "A relação entre as características demográficas e laborais dos gestores de topo e o risco empresarial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14786.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO presente estudo analisa a relação entre características demográficas/laborais de gestores de topo e a sua tolerância ou aversão ao risco corporativo. A partir da base de dados Amadeus - Bureau van Dijk foram recolhidos dados de 1.045 gestores de topo, a respeito de seu género, idade, background educacional, dualidade (quando o gestor ocupa simultaneamente o cargo de Chairman do Board of Directors) e tempo de mandato. Os resultados sugerem que executivos (CEOs e não CEOs) com formação nas áreas de gestão e direito, bem como o tempo de mandato, estão negativamente relacionados com o comportamento de propensão ao risco. Já a idade dos gestores de topo e o género feminino são características que estão positivamente relacionadas com a propensão ao risco. A análise exclusiva de uma amostra de CEOs confirma os resultados descritos anteriormente.
The present study analyzes the relationship between demographic/labor characteristics of top managers and their tolerance or aversion to corporate risk. Using the Amadeus - Bureau van Dijk database data were collected from 1,045 managers, regarding their gender, age, educational background, duality (when the manager is simultaneously the Chairman of the Board of Directors) and tenure. The results suggest that executives (CEOs and non-CEOs) trained in the areas of management and law and tenure are negatively related with risk-taking behavior. The age of top managers and being a female are characteristics that are positively related with risk taking behavior. Analyzing exclusively a sample of CEOs confirms these results.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Nyman, Wänseth Evelina, and Lundberg Christoffer Etminan. "Kvinnliga vd:s och lönsamhet : En studie om vilken påverkan kvinnliga vd:s har på lönsamheten för bolag noterade på svenska börser." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435367.
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Denna studie ämnar bidra till den rådande jämställdhetsdebatten vad gäller könsdiversitet hos svenska noterade företag där kvinnliga vd:s är underrepresenterade. Syftet är att identifiera om det finns ett samband mellan kvinnliga vd:s och företags lönsamhet. Studien tillämpar kvantitativ metod där en multipel regressionsanalys utförs på ett datamaterial inkluderande 643 svenska noterade bolag på Nasdaq Stockholm, First North och Spotlight Stock Market räkenskapsåren 2018–2019. Som proxy för lönsamhet tillämpades både redovisningsbaserade mått i form av avkastning på totala tillgångar (ROA) och avkastning på eget kapital (ROE) och som marknadsbaserat mått tillämpades Tobin’s Q. Testvariabel utgjordes i studien av kvinnlig vd med vidare applicering av kontrollvariablerna företagets storlek, ålder och skuldsättningsgrad. Undersökningens resultat påvisar inte något statistiskt signifikant samband mellan vd:s kön och företags lönsamhet, vilket är en diskrepans till de flesta tidigare studier inom området som tyder på förekomst av både negativa och positiva samband.
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Yung, Yan Shang, and 顏善勇. "The Application of Upper Echelon Theory to Design Chain Decision in Powered Mobile Aids Industry." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33863509273165492517.
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碩士長庚大學
工業設計研究所
93
“Design Chain” collaborates R&D among companies via the internet, this measure has been applied in technical integration of automobile and IT industries which would reach the effectiveness of product innovation and resource integration. Through to generalize related documents, this paper compares design chain with other cooperative measures, finding design chain is a kind of advanced research consortium including strategies, processes and techniques. Mobile aids industry is the most thriving business in health equipment industry. The powered mobile aids industry (including powered wheelchair, scooter and manual wheelchair) is small scale and emphasize its requirement of cooperative R&D measures. This paper will probe into the decision of design chain strategy in mobile aids industry, including the character of mobile aids industry, the intension of constructing design chain, possible operation mode of collaborated R&D and the factors of design chain strategy. In order to realize inter-company R&D collaboration of mobile aids industry, this paper applies “Upper Echelons” to design the research structure and questionnaires, also through interview of top management. To acquire approach general survey results and ideas of top management in representative companies about the utility of design chain in mobile aids industry. Through the statistics and analysis of questionnaires, this paper infers the model of design chain decision in mobile aids industry. This model would find the character of industry is the most effective factor in the design chain strategy of mobile aids industry. The other way, this paper through statistics data and results of interviews, concluding the character and intention of R&D collaboration in mobile aids industry. These researches will make useful suggestion to industry, government and the academic to think over their R&D collaboration strategy.
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"When, How, and So What: Three Essays on Managerial Practice of Personal Tie Utilization in Organizations." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25854.
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abstract: Over the past several decades, social network remains the most prevalent and prominent in the strategy and organization theory literature. However, despite the considerable research attention scholars devoted to exploring the implications and mechanisms of social ties and networks in management and organizational contexts, the following question has largely remained understudied: To what extent can top managers' personal ties and networks actually contribute to their firms? This thesis will strive to explore this research question by theoretically highlighting three logically consequent managerial decisions: (1) "When"--when will top managers choose to use their personal ties and networks in their firms; (2) "How"--will top managers use their managerial ties and networks to serve the best interest of their firms or to satisfy their self-interests; and (3) "So what" --how would the decision of using managerial ties and networks to benefit their firms influence other decisions of the firms. Using both primary data and archival information from Chinese firms, I will empirically test the step-wise framework. I expect this thesis to contribute to both strategic leadership and social network research and management practices.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2014
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Huijsmans, M. C. "The influence of executive board national culture and board nationality diversity on corporate social performance in Western European non-financial firms." Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316464.
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This paper examines the effect of executive board-level national culture and board nationality diversity on corporate social performance (CSP). The sample constitutes of 130 executive boards of non-financial firms from Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK over the time period 2010-2014. Based on the upper echelon theory and the notion of national culture, board-level national culture is determined across Hofstede’s dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity and power distance. In this paper, no evidence is provided of a significant relationship between board-level national culture and the corporate social performance of the firm. In addition, nationality diversity as a double-edged sword could both enhance and hamper CSP. In this research, no significant relationship between board nationality diversity and CSP is found. In conclusion, alterations of the board composition in terms of nationality in order to foster CSP seem unjustified based on the results of this paper.
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Kloosterman, Sander. "The impact of CEO overconfidence on firm innovation performance and the moderating effect of firm specific factors within the pharmaceutical industry." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/69611.
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The influence of overconfident CEOs on their firms, and more particularly the level of
innovativeness of the firm is gaining more attention in the current complex business
environment. In addition, the ways in which CEO personality traits influence organisational
outcomes are of interest to several disciplines, as is reflected in the research available.
Using several regression models, this thesis examines the moderating impact of three
firm-specific factors (organisational slack, firm leverage and firm growth) on the relationship
between CEO overconfidence and firm innovation performance. The study includes data from
2011-2016 of 85 different firms within the global pharmaceutical industry, resulting in 479
firm year observations.
Results show that the initial positive relationship between CEO overconfidence and
firm innovation performance is not supported (H1). Despite this insignificant outcome, the
findings suggest a positive moderating effect of organisational slack (H2) on the relationship
between CEO overconfidence and firm innovation performance. No moderating effect could
be established for firm leverage (H3) or firm growth (H4) on the relationship between CEO
overconfidence and firm innovation performance, preventing us from drawing any further
inferences.
Based on this research, firms are recommended to set sensible targets for organisational
slack as this allows for appropriate funding of innovative projects which can have both
significant direct and indirect effects on the innovation performance of a firm.
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Altinsoy, Nuh. "The organizational alignment in terms of strategy and leadership attributes: an empirical study of their interaction and impact on organizational performance." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4448.
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L10, L20Several researches have been made about organizational alignment in terms of strategy - managerial characteristics, their interactions and their impacts on organizational performance since the publications of two seminal publications- Miles and Snow (1978) and Hambrick and Mason (1984). The main objective of this study is to extend these previous researches made in this field by developing and testing “A Comprehensive Approach for Performance (CAP)” model for a better performance explanation/ assessment in the military environment. This model tries to prove that attaining a fit between the organization and the target strategy contribute toward a better performance. In addition to this fit concept, the CAP model also tests the organizational configuration and equifinality concepts in the same environment. The study also focuses on the interaction between the managerial characteristics and strategic choice via the CAP model. It provides empirical evidence that some similarities and patterns between the managerial characteristics and organizational strategy don’t happen coincidentally but bases on some organizational concepts and reality. Lastly, the model argues that managerial characteristics in line with the organizational strategy influence and improve performance. Nevertheless, its prerequisite is to obtain the alignment between the selected strategy and leadership characteristics. The empirical results show that the fit between strategy and managerial characteristics, to a certain degree, has impact on the organizational performance as well.
Várias pesquisas foram efectuadas sobre o alinhamento organizacional em termos de estratégia - características de gestão, as suas interacções e os seus impactos no desempenho organizacional, após a publicação de duas publicações - Miles e Snow (1978) e Hambrick e Mason (1984). O principal objectivo deste estudo é extender estas pesquisas, anteriormente realizadas neste domínio, desenvolvendo e testando o modelo "Uma Abordagem Abrangente para a Performance (PAC)" para uma melhor explicação do desempenho / avaliação no ambiente militar. Esse modelo tenta provar que um ajuste entre a organização e a estratégia contribui para um melhor desempenho. Além deste conceito fundamental, o modelo PAC também testa a configuração organizacional e a equifinalidade no mesmo ambiente. O estudo também se foca na interacção entre as características de gestão e da estratégica, escolhida através do modelo PAC. Ele fornece uma evidência empírica de que algumas semelhanças e padrões entre as características de gestão e a estratégia organizacional não acontecem por acaso, mas baseiam-se em alguns conceitos organizacionais e na realidade. Por último, o modelo sustenta que as características de gestão em conjugação com a estratégia organizacional influenciam e melhoram o desempenho. No entanto, o pré-requisito é o de obter alinhamento entre a estratégia escolhida e as características de liderança. Os resultados empíricos mostram que o ajuste entre a estratégia e as características de gestão, até certo ponto, têm impacto no desempenho organizacional.
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Ramos, Flávio Miguel Gens. "Testing the Upper Echelons Theory in the European context." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81341.
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Ramos, Flávio Miguel Gens. "Testing the Upper Echelons Theory in the European context." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/81341.
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Vermaut, David. "CEO overconfidence and the influence on firm innovation: s study about well-established multinationals during 2008-2016." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/39719.
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Previous research has mainly investigated the effect of CEO overconfidence on financial outcomes. However, only little research has been conducted about the influence of CEO overconfidence on firm innovation. Moreover, no studies have examined when CEO background characteristics such as tenure and power distance, influence the latter relationship. Consequently, the purpose of this master’s thesis is to analyze the impact of CEO overconfidence on firm innovation, and to explore whether tenure and power distance influence this relationship.
Using shareholder letters to measure overconfidence, the results indicate that over the 2008-2016 period, CEO overconfidence positively influences firm innovation for well established-multinationals active in non-innovative industries. Nonetheless, for well-established multinationals in innovative industries, there exists no relationship between CEO overconfidence and innovation. Furthermore, in line with the theoretical research, the findings demonstrate a negative moderating impact of tenure in both innovative and non-innovative industries. Unlike CEO tenure, the influence of CEO power distance could not be investigated due to correlational issues with both CEO overconfidence and CEO tenure.
By highlighting the importance of CEO overconfidence in explaining a valuable organizational outcome such as firm innovation and by unveiling the moderating impact of CEO tenure, the thesis contributes to the existing upper-echelons and tone-at-the-top literature.
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Hsieh, Wei-ping, and 謝煒頻. "An Empirical Study of Corporate Entrepreneurship Contextual Model —Upper Echelons Theory Perspective." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61353374040994015672.
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博士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
97
In this study, we focused develop and confirmation corporate entrepreneurship contextual model. We developed hypotheses relating the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty, TMT diversity, corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance, and the moderate effect of interfunctional coordination and relationship between TMT and board of directors in a sample of 192 Taiwanese service sector corporations. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the relative predictive power of TMT diversity on corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. The results of the study indicated a significant relationship between TMT diversity and corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. After the empirical study, the main conclusion is as followed: 1.TMT diversity significant impact the corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. 2.The perceived environmental uncertainty significant influenced impact on the corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. 3.The relationship between “TMT diversity — corporate entrepreneurship — organizational performance” and “perceived environmental uncertainty — corporate entrepreneurship — organizational performance” corporate entrepreneurship have significant mediate effect. 4.The moderate effect of interfunctional coordination and relationship between TMT and board of directors was significant. This study verified the mediate effect of corporate entrepreneurship. Therefore, it was suggested that when enterprises are pursuing organizational performance, with the addition to be devoted to improve the corporate entrepreneurship, they should make the best allocation of diversity from TMT members.
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Cruz, Carolina Alexandra Moita da. "Determinantes da tempestividade do relato financeiro: O caso do Reino Unido." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/23737.
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A atual dimensão, complexidade e volatilidade dos mercados de capitais torna a informação produzida pelas empresas num elemento chave para o seu funcionamento. Um dos atributos que o Relato Financeiro deve apresentar para que seja útil para a tomada de decisão dos seus utilizadores é a tempestividade. Na ausência da mesma, a assimetria de informação e desigualdade entre os investidores aumentam, gerando-se um ambiente de incerteza que conduz à ineficiência da cotação dos títulos e ao aumento do custo de capital.
O presente estudo, baseado na Teoria da Agência e na Upper Echelon Theory, pretende contribuir para a investigação dos determinantes da tempestividade do Relato Financeiro. Mais especificamente, é analisado o impacto das características dos investidores e do corpo de gestão das empresas sobre o tempo que decorre entre o fim do ano financeiro das mesmas e a data de assinatura do relatório do auditor independente, através de uma Regressão Linear Múltipla e com base numa amostra de 228 empresas britânicas cotadas, nos anos de 2018 e 2019.
Os resultados indicam que uma maior proporção de participações detidas por Investidores Institucionais Estrangeiros e um mais longo horizonte de investimento das mesmas contribui para uma divulgação mais célere do Relato Financeiro, ao passo que o género, perícia financeira e idade do CEO não são significativamente relacionados com a mesma. A presente investigação fornece, assim, evidência empírica da importância do investimento institucional, em especial o estrangeiro, como catalisador da tempestividade do Relato Financeiro.The current dimension, complexity and volatility of capital markets turn the information produced by companies into a key element for its operation. One of the attributes that Financial Reports must present to be useful in their users' decision making process is timeliness. In its absence, information asymmetry and inequality among investors increase, creating an environment of uncertainty that leads to inefficiency in the pricing of stocks and to an increase in the cost of capital. Based on Agency Theory and Upper Echelon Theory, this study intends to contribute to the investigation of the determinants of timeliness of Financial Reporting. More specifically, it is analysed the impact of shareholders and company management’s characteristics on the time that elapses between the end of the firm’s financial year end and the date of signature of the independent auditor's report, through a Multiple Linear Regression based on a sample of 228 listed British companies, in the years 2018 and 2019. The results indicate that a higher proportion of stocks held by Foreign Institutional Investors and a longer investment horizon of these contribute to a faster disclosure of Financial Reports, while the gender, financial expertise and age of the CEO are not significantly related to the same. The present investigation, thus, provides empirical evidence of the importance of institutional investment, especially foreign, as a catalyst for the timeliness of Financial Reporting.
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Campbell, Joanna. "Top Management Team Personal Wealth, Within-Team Diversity and the Implications for Firm-Level Risk Taking." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10935.
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The manager's personal wealth is one of the central building blocks of agency theory, which considers wealth to be an especially important source of individual utility. The managers' financial position, or the portion of their financial well-being that is not dependent on the firm, is also introduced in the original formulation of upper echelons theory. However, despite the importance of executive personal wealth to both theories, it is rarely mentioned, and even more scarcely studied. My research builds on and extends agency and upper echelons theories by focusing on executive personal wealth, defined here as the portion of executive net worth that is not attached to current employment at the firm (i.e., not contingent on current or future earnings). As such, this research provides an initial answer to the following research question: how does the average personal wealth of the top management team as well as within-team differences in wealth influence firm strategic choices with respect to risk?
Specifically, I argue that external wealth alters how managers view firm decisions regarding risk; thus, I hypothesize that average top management team (TMT) wealth is negatively related to firm unrelated diversification, positively related to R&D investments, and positively related to firm risk. Next, I propose that two types of within-group diversity ? TMT wealth diversity and TMT pay dispersion ? attenuate the effect of average TMT wealth on these firm outcomes. I test my hypotheses on a panel dataset of over 700 firms/TMTs from the S&P1500 over 2002?2008 using panel tobit and fixed effect models, and conduct multiple robustness checks. Empirical results strongly and consistently support the hypothesized main effects of wealth. However, the results regarding the moderating effect of within-group diversity are weak, as the majority of the moderation hypotheses are not supported. The main conclusion is that wealthier TMTs are less risk averse with respect to firm strategic decisions, which manifests in greater R&D spending, lower unrelated diversification, and higher overall firm risk. Theoretical and empirical implications as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Neville, François. "Essays on the Role and Influence of Top Managers on Firm Interactions With Secondary Stakeholders." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/managerialsci_diss/28.
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Firm behavior and performance has become increasingly susceptible to the influence of secondary stakeholders—namely community activists, advocacy groups, religious organizations, and other non-governmental organizations that often represent a broader social movement. Despite recent suggestions that secondary stakeholder demands trigger an important two-sided interactive process between secondary stakeholders and their targeted firms, little theoretical or empirical attention has been placed on firm-sided factors that influence the dynamics and outcomes of these interactions, especially the role and influence of the firm’s top managers during these interactions. In this three-essay dissertation, I theorize about and examine the influential role that the firm’s top managers expectedly occupy within the interactions that occur between secondary stakeholders and the firms that are the targets of their demands. My dissertation contributes to advancing strategic management and organization research by (1) examining influential managerial attributes that influence their firm’s responsiveness toward secondary stakeholder activism, and (2) examining certain important consequences of managerial responses for secondary stakeholder behavior and the targeted firm.
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Sojnóczky, Anna Zsófia. "Narcissus lends a hand: Csr performance in light of ceo narcissism." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/104406.
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In this thesis, CEO narcissismis examined with regards to its impact on the firm’s CSR performance, for which the perspective of the upper echelons theory is appliedand advanced. Thisapproach posits that executives’ previous experiences, personal values and traitsplay a defining role in the direction of their strategic decisions.The managerial discretion lens is adoptedin order to comprehend the context therelationship between CEO narcissism and the CSR performance of the firm takes place in. For this, organizational factors, specificallysize, as an inertial force, and slack, indicatingresource availability, are observed as moderating forces. The analysis encompasses a multinational sample across 18 countries from 14 different sectors. In total, 1,318 firm-year observations provide the basis for analysis, covering data between 2001 and 2014.CEO narcissism is measured through an unobtrusive method, while the ASSET4 ESG scoreprovides the values for CSR performance.A positive relationship is found between CEO narcissism and the organization’s CSR performance. The negative moderating effect of firm size on the underlying relationship is supported by the findings, while no support is found for the hypothesized positive effect of slack. This study advances the upper echelons theory by examining narcissism, a thus far scantly chosen trait as a determining characteristic of the executive, and CSR as the firm outcome. The concept of managerial discretion also adds to the understanding of the focal relationship, while the value of considering country and sectorial factors is additionally highlighted.
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Wrede, Michaela. "(International) top managers – Strategic implications for innovativeness, risk and digital transformation." 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73168.
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This cumulative dissertation investigates the role and implications of top managers in firms. By building on two influential contemporary phenomena – internationalization and digitalization – and by examining top managers from a multitude of conceptional and methodological angles, the dissertation provides novel insights to upper echelons research. The first study examines the association between top management team (TMT) internationalization and firm innovativeness and argues that the accumulation of international knowledge and resources in the TMT benefits firm innovativeness. The second study analyzes the association between CEO internationalization and firms’ strategic risk-taking, paying particular attention to various governance mechanisms that may influence this relationship. The third study explores the role and facilitating actions of top managers in response to the digital transformation. Overall, this dissertation contributes toward a more fine-grained understanding of top managers and their individual characteristics. Given the contemporary relevance of the topics under consideration, the presented findings are of significant value for both theorists and practitioners.:Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Scope of the dissertation and research gaps
1.2 Theoretical foundation
1.3 Empirical foundation
1.4 Research purpose and scientific contribution
Chapter 2: Research article 1
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theory and hypotheses
2.3 Methodology
2.4 Results
2.5 Discussion and conclusions
2.6 Limitations and future research
Chapter 3: Research article 2
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Theory and hypotheses
3.3 Methodology
3.4 Results
3.5 Discussion and conclusion
3.6 Limitations and future research
Chapter 4: Research article 3
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theoretical background
4.3 Data and method
4.4 Findings
4.5 Discussion
References