Academic literature on the topic 'Upper Extremity Muscular Strength'

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Journal articles on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Younas, Ali Shehvaiz, Waqar Afzal, Tahir Mahmood, Muhammad Mubashir, and Faheem Abbas. "QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF RIGHT AND LEFT UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCLES STRENGTH AMONG TENNIS PLAYERS THROUGH DYNAMOMETER." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 11, no. 1 (2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.11.1/016.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM Muscular strength is an important predictor during the games among players that need to be addressed during the rehabilitation process. METHODOLOGY This Cross sectional–analytical study was conducted on a sample of 200 male tennis players. The data was collected using convenient sampling from Tennis players in different clubs of Lahore. Hand held dynamometer was used to measure the strength. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS The current study consists of 200 male tennis players having mean age 21.04 ±3.12 years. The results showed difference between both
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Han, Jay J., Evan De Bie, Alina Nicorici, Richard T. Abresch, Ruzena Bajcsy, and Gregorij Kurillo. "Reachable workspace reflects dynamometer-measured upper extremity strength in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy." Muscle & Nerve 52, no. 6 (2015): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.24651.

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Majumder, Joydeep, Sanjay M. Kotadiya, Lokesh Kumar Sharma, and Sunil Kumar. "Upper extremity muscular strength in wrist‐twisting tasks: Model approach towards task design." Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 30, no. 1 (2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20820.

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Majumder, Joydeep, SanjayM Kotadiya, LokeshKumar Sharma, and Sunil Kumar. "Upper extremity muscular strength in push–pull tasks: Model approach towards task design." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 22, no. 3 (2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_123_18.

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Nikolina, Dimitrova. "CONTROL OF COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS OF UPPER EXTREMITY STRENGTH ABILITIES IN PRESCHOOL AGE." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 100 (March 20, 2025): 28–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15061527.

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Objective: The main goal of this study is to assess the ability to accurately reproduce muscle effort and the ability to internally readjust compensatory mechanisms depending on the objectively existing functional relationship between kinematics and the muscle force field. Methods: Following the cluster analysis made in the theoretical part, experiments were also conducted on the accuracy of reproducing a given muscle effort. For the purpose of the experiments, it turned out to be necessary to construct a specialized strain gauge sensor for measuring the readings in manual dynamometry. Accordi
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Vetra, Janis, Vladimir Sklarevich, Gregory Anoufriev, et al. "Changes in muscular strength based on full cervical flexion." SHS Web of Conferences 51 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185102014.

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We present our study of influence full cervical flexion position on the changes in muscle strength of the upper extremities. This position is typical for a person working on mobile phone or iPad. The purpose of the study was determination of the connection between change of the head flexed position and changes in upper extremity muscles strength. The present study involved 80 healthy volunteers and was performed at the Department of Morphology in Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. For measurements we have used the MicroFET2 Hand Held Digital Muscle Tester to determine the strength of the
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Foley, Michael P., and Scott M. Hasson. "Effects of a Community-Based Multimodal Exercise Program on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physical Function in Breast Cancer Survivors." Integrative Cancer Therapies 15, no. 4 (2016): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735416639716.

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Purpose. Breast cancer and oncological treatment can result in significant acute and late localized and systemic negative effects on health-related physical fitness and physical function. The aim of this single-arm study was to examine the effects of a 12-week community-based multimodal exercise program on health-related physical fitness and physical function in breast cancer survivors. Methods. A total of 52 female breast cancer survivors (mean age = 59.7 ± 10.4 years) completed supervised exercise training consisting of (1) aerobic conditioning, (2) resistance training, and (3) balance and f
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Schkade, Janette K., Ayleene Feibelman, and Jay D. Cook. "Occupational Potential in a Population with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 7, no. 5 (1987): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928700700503.

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Twenty-five males, ranging in age from 7 to 23 years, who had Duchenne muscular dystrophy were tested using both standardized and functional tests to assess their potential for occupational activity despite diminishing neuromuscle status. The purpose was to determine possible sensory deficits (specifically visual-spatial organization), strength, endurance, and fatigue in response to sustained upper-extremity fine motor activity over a period of three to four hours. Statistical analysis of the results indicated normal visual-spatial organization skills, no performance decrements, and improved p
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k, Kadiervel. "Prevalence Of Core Muscle Weakness In 18-25 Years College Going Students–A Cross-Sectional Study." African Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 6 (2024): 5764–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48047/afjbs.6.6.2024.5764-5783.

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The core is referred as a muscular box that works as a unit to stabilize the body and the spine. Where the core muscle involves the muscles of hip and trunkand it helps to maintain the stability of the pelvis and spine. When the core muscles function normally, they can maintain the segmental stability, protect the spine and reduce the stress impacting on the intervertebral disc and the lumbar vertebrae. Core stability is very importantfor stabilization and mobilization and also helps for upper and lower extremity function andit provides the balance and local strength to reduce the back injurie
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Amell, T. K., S. Kumar, Y. Narayan, and H. C. Gil Coury. "Effect of trunk rotation and arm position on gross upper extremity adduction strength and muscular activity." Ergonomics 43, no. 4 (2000): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001401300184387.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Fisher, Mary Insana. "A COMPARISON OF UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION BETWEEN FEMALE BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS: TYPICAL SELF- REPORT OF FUNCTION, MOTION, STRENGTH AND MUSCULAR ENDURANCE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/11.

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Many women who have experienced breast cancer (BC) report continued impairments in upper extremity (UE) function beyond the time required for normal healing after surgical treatment. Most research supporting this has not made comparisons between survivors of breast cancer (BCS) to a sample of healthy women. This lack of comparison to a healthy cohort prevents an understanding of whether continued deficits in UE function are due to normal aging or the BC treatment. The purpose of this research was to compare quality of life (QOL) and UE function among long term breast cancer survivors and simil
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Scarsella, Michael John. "Electromechanical System Integration for a Powered Upper Extremity Orthosis." Digital WPI, 2007. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/215.

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Wearable robotics for assistance and rehabilitation are not yet considered commercially mainstream products, and as a result have not yet seen advanced controls systems and interfaces. Consequently, the available technology is mostly adapted from systems used in parallel technologies, rather than custom applications intended for human use. This study concerns itself with the design and development of a custom control system for a 2-degree of freedom powered upper extremity orthosis capable of driving elbow flexion/extension 135º and humeral rotation 95º . The orthosis has been evaluated fo
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Cavuoto, Lora Anne. "Evaluating obesity-related differences in upper extremity and trunk muscular capacity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28345.

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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), particularly overexertion injuries, represent a significant economic burden and involve substantial adverse personal outcomes. Two important contemporary changes in workforce demographics may be associated with an increase in the future incidence and cost of WMSDs. First, more than two-thirds of the US adult population is now either overweight or obese, a doubling of the prevalence of obesity over the past 30 years. Second, there has been a shift toward an older worker population, whose injuries often require more time away from work. Obesity
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Eggebeen, Joel David. "The effect of upper body strength training on upper extremity function in healthy older adults." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/42475.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Wake Forest University. Dept. of Health and Exercise Science, 2009.<br>Title from electronic thesis title page. Thesis advisor: Anthony P. Marsh. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-73).
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Pentland, Wendy E. "Upper extremity function in long term paraplegia and implications for independence." Thesis, Curtin University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2435.

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The intent of this study was to describe the effects of long term paraplegia and wheelchair use on upper limb function. Bilateral upper extremity isokinetic and grip strength, pain, and active range of motion were compared in 52 men with paraplegia (mean age 44 years: mean duration of spinal cord injury (SCI) 17 years) and 52 age and activity-level matched able-bodied men. The impact of upper limb pain on activities of daily living (ADL) performance was examined in the paraplegic sample. Strength was not significantly different between the two samples except for bilateral shoulder flexion (abl
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Pentland, Wendy E. "Upper extremity function in long term paraplegia and implications for independence." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 1992. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15684.

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The intent of this study was to describe the effects of long term paraplegia and wheelchair use on upper limb function. Bilateral upper extremity isokinetic and grip strength, pain, and active range of motion were compared in 52 men with paraplegia (mean age 44 years: mean duration of spinal cord injury (SCI) 17 years) and 52 age and activity-level matched able-bodied men. The impact of upper limb pain on activities of daily living (ADL) performance was examined in the paraplegic sample. Strength was not significantly different between the two samples except for bilateral shoulder flexion (abl
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Shah, Shridhar. "Musculoskeletal simulation of upper extremity motion effect of selective muscle weakness and application to rehabilitation /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 147 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889099081&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lucado, Ann M. "Characteristics of the upper extremity in female recreational tennis players with and without lateral epicondylalgia." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2010. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/5.

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Problem Statement: A paucity of research exists describing the relationship between lateral epicondylalgia (LE) and upper extremity (UE) strength, range of motion or joint characteristics, between the shoulder, elbow and wrist despite the close kinetic relationship. The primary purpose of this study was to describe these characteristics of the UE in female tennis players and a control group. Methods: This was a descriptive study of three groups: sample of active adult females with no elbow pain (control), non-symptomatic tennis players (NSTP), and symptomatic tennis players (STP) with LE. A co
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Teichler, Liza S. Row Brandi. "The relationship between bat velocity, upper and lower extremity power and the rotational kinetic chain in NCAA Division II softball players /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=362&CISOBOX=1&REC=18.

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Treff, Matthias. "An Investigation of Musculoskeletal Imbalances in the Thoracic and Cervical Regions, with Respect to an Improved Diagnostic Approach for Upper Crossed Syndrome." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49110.

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UCS is described as a muscle imbalance pattern located within the cervical and thoracic spine region. These imbalances have been shown to produce elevation and forward movement of the shoulders, winging of the scapula, and a forward extension of the head. These changes, in turn, lead to overstress of the cervical cranial junction and shoulders, which can cause neck and/or jaw pain, headaches, and shoulder problems. The purpose of this study was to determine if quantifiable differences existed in active range of motion, muscle strength and muscle endurance capacity between a group of patients
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Books on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Raoul, Tubiana, ed. Restoration of function in upper limb paralyses and muscular defects. Informa Healthcare, 2008.

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Casting protocols for the upper and lower extremities. Pro-ed, 2004.

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Prediction of muscular synergism and antagonism of human upper extremity: A dynamic optimization approach. 1991.

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Prediction of muscular synergism and antagonism of human upper extremity: A dynamic optimization approach. 1991.

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Prediction of muscular synergism and antagonism of human upper extremity: A dynamic optimization approach. 1990.

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Price, Alfred B. The relationship between upper extremity strength and bat velocity of professional baseball players. 1992.

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Tubiana, Raoul, Caroline Leclercq, Alain Gilbert, and Rene Malek. Restoration of Function in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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Tubiana, Raoul, Caroline Leclercq, Alain Gilbert, and Rene Malek. Restoration of Function in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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(Editor), Raoul Tubiana, Alain Gilbert (Editor), Caroline Leclercq (Editor), and René Malek (Editor), eds. Restoration of Functions in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. Informa Healthcare, 2008.

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The effects of twelve weeks of walking or exerstriding on upper body muscular strength and endurance. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Sciascia, Aaron. "Can Core Strength and Stability Improve Upper Extremity Function?" In Quick Questions in the Shoulder. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003526148-5.

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Disselhorst-Klug, C. "Objective Acquisition of Pathological Movement Patterns of the Upper Extremity: Muscular Coordination and Movement Analysis." In Movement Disorders of the Upper Extremities in Children. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53622-0_6.

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Corrigan, Madeline C., and Richard A. Foulds. "A Novel Approach to Increase Upper Extremity Active Range of Motion for Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using Admittance Control: A Preliminary Study." In Biosystems & Biorobotics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46532-6_57.

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Ciftci, Rukiye. "Muscles of the Back." In Clinical Anatomy of Muscle a Hand Book for Healthcare Professionals. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358862.4.

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The back is the posterior part of the body. The skeletal and muscular structure of the back is largely responsible for supporting and moving the torso. Additionally, the back contributes to the support and stabilization of the upper extremity and head, enabling their movements to be smooth and purposeful. The bony structures that make up the back include the vertebrae, the proximal parts of the ribs, the upper sections of the pelvic bones, and the posterior basal part of the skull. The muscles associated with this region connect the vertebrae and vertebrae to each other and also to the skull a
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Lee, Yun-hwan, and Jongbae Kim. "How to Assess the Effectiveness of Arm Support: A Systematic Review." In Digital Health Transformation, Smart Ageing, and Managing Disability. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43950-6_12.

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AbstractArm support is a typical assistive technology device to assist shoulder and elbow movements in those with reduced upper extremity muscle strength due to neurological lesions. Recently, the assisting method, range, and manipulation method of arm support are also changing with the development of technology. Accordingly, an assessment system is required for appropriate matching and measuring the effectiveness in the clinical field. This study examines the direction of the assessment process by analyzing studies that measured the effectiveness of arm support through a systematic literature
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Rondot, Pierre. "Upper extremity paralysis and muscular deficits." In Restoration of Function in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203091791-2.

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Ropert, Angèle. "Electrodiagnosis in upper extremity paralysis." In Restoration of Function in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203091791-5.

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Puchalska-Sarna, Anna, Karolina Pietrońska, Joanna Baran, and Teresa Pop. "Siła mięśniowa młodych dorosłych w zależności od składu masy ciała." In Rehabilitacja 2022. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/978-83-8277-138-1.12.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to show the relationship between the composition of body mass and muscle strength in young adults. The relationship between muscular strength of upper limbs and height, body weight, age and gender was considered. We also analyzed the influence of fat tissue and muscle tissue on the strength. Material and methods: The research was carried out at the Medical Faculty of the University of Rzeszów. The study involved 79 people of both sexes, aged 19-26, students from the field of physiotherapy. The paper presents the possibility of measuring the muscular stre
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Tsionos, Ioannis, and Dominique Le Viet. "Nerve entrapment syndromes provoking motor deficits in the upper extremity." In Restoration of Function in Upper Limb Paralyses and Muscular Defects. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9780203091791-26.

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Verbrugge Lois M., Kempen G.I.J.M., Kimmerly Lanae, Wooley Charles, and Chaffin Don B. "Strength Profiles of Older Persons." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1998. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-892-2-240.

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Key parameters of musculoskeletal function are strength, endurance, and range of motion. In a current study of men and women ages 60+ (N=20), we have a Musculoskeletal Function Evaluation (MFE) that tests isometric strength in the whole body (19 locations; unilateral; 3 trials each); the protocol also has isometric endurance and range of motion tests. A strength test lasts 5 seconds (Nm recorded every 1/10 second), and time to peak. A specially-designed partable unit (called the MFE Chair) was used to obtain the strength data in the subject&amp;rsquo;s own home. We describe technical aspects (
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Conference papers on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Bowen, Roscoe C., Rami Seliktar, Tariq Rahman, Michael Alexander, and Mena Scavina. "Adaptations for Controlled Hand Movements in Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43043.

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A number of neuropathologies such as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD), cause disability in the upper extremity due to the loss of muscle strength. This will eventually prevent the individual from moving their arms in three-dimensional space so it has been proposed that a robotic orthosis could support and augment movement. This orthosis would need to accommodate the movement capabilities of the user. To accomplish this, knowledge of how movements are formed and controlled in the presence of neuromuscular disease needs to be determined. While the arm was supported in a floatation device, DMD
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Schofield, Jonathon S., Samer M. Adeeb, and Eric C. Parent. "An Assistive Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthosis and Sit-to-Stand Biomechanics." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80268.

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Knee-Ankle-Foot-Orthoses (KAFOs) are leg braces designed to assist in standing for patients with limited lower extremity function. The brace holds the knee extended and the ankle in a neutral position, thereby controlling balance and joint alignment. KAFOs have a variety of applications from skeletal complications to muscular weakness and paralysis (1). Patients experiencing such conditions are often dependant on the use of a wheelchair. Standing, therefore, becomes an important physiological function with benefits including pressures relief, spasticity reduction, bowel-and-bladder management,
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Poveda, Gabriela, Maria Fernanda Trujillo Guerrero, and Andres Rosales. "Muscular Biofeedback System for the Rehabilitation of the Upper Extremity." In 2018 International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Science (INCISCOS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inciscos.2018.00008.

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Lessard, Steven, Pattawong Pansodtee, Ash Robbins, et al. "CRUX: A compliant robotic upper-extremity exosuit for lightweight, portable, multi-joint muscular augmentation." In 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2017.8009482.

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Huang, Changhua, Nianfeng Yang, Rencheng Wang, Changhong Zhu, and Dewen Jin. "Redundant Muscular Force Analysis of Lower Extremity During Swing Phase." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0497.

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Abstract Swing phase of the human gait is defined as the time period during the bottom of foot is off the ground. At the beginning of swing phase there is a flexion of knee joint, which is important to form the clearance between the ground and the toe. In 1992 Winter referred to that the average clearance is about 1.29cm in a normal swing phase and mainly dominated by the flexion of the knee joint. If there doesn’t have enough flexion of knee, the tiptoe will collide with the ground during the swing phase. Otherwise, in this case, there must be an additional trunk movement to raise the coxa jo
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Klamroth-Marganska, Verena, Kilian Baur, Aniket Nagle, Robert Riener, and Marco Toigo. "Strength training of the upper extremity in virtual reality with an exoskeleton robot." In 2017 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvr.2017.8007500.

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Corrigan, Madeline C., Blake Mathie, and Richard A. Foulds. "Translation of an upper extremity exoskeleton to home and community use for individuals with duchenne muscular dystrophy." In 2017 International Symposium on Wearable & Rehabilitation Robotics (WeRob). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/werob.2017.8383820.

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Ng, Joseph K. F., William Chan, Keny Chung, et al. "The Effect of Trunk Velocity on Concentric and Eccentric Isokinetic Extension Strength of Healthy Men." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0475.

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Abstract The dynamic contractile behavior of the muscle is commonly represented by the torque-velocity relation, which is an inverse hyperbolic relationship between muscular tension and the velocity of muscle action (shortening in concentric, static in isometric and lengthening in eccentric muscle actions). This relationship has been well established for extremity muscles but this study extended the range of trunk velocity (−60 to 60 °/sec) that had been used for trunk extensors in the past. The effect of velocity was significant on trunk extensor strength, while the expected plateau was not f
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Pontonnier, Charles, Georges Dumont, Mark de Zee, Afshin Samani, and Pascal Madeleine. "Cutting Force and EMG Recordings for Ergonomics Assessment of Meat Cutting Tasks: Influence of the Workbench Height and the Cutting Direction on Muscle Activation Levels." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82254.

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Repetitive arm movement and force exertion are common in meat cutting tasks and often lead to musculosketal disorders. In this study, the effects of the workbench height and the cutting direction on the levels of muscular activation of the upper extremity during meat cutting tasks were investigated. Seven subjects performed 4 trials of 20s each at the 4 different heights (0 cm, −10 cm, −20 cm and −30 cm below the elbow height), alternating two cutting directions. Activation levels of upper extremity muscles (biceps brachii, triceps long head, deltoideus anterior, deltoideus medialis and upper
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Yildiz, Abdurrahim, Rustem Mustafaoglu, Fuat Caglayan, and Fatma Nur Kesiktas. "Investigation of the Effect of Upper Extremity Robotic Rehabilitation Approach on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Stroke." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa3960.

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Reports on the topic "Upper Extremity Muscular Strength"

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Burton, Liz, Carolyn Knight, Brittney Malone, Lexie Rivers, Rachel Walker, and James Wright. Exercise Interventions for Adults with Burn Injuries. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0010.

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The purpose of this critically appraised topic (CAT) is to provide the highest quality of evidence available on the implementation of exercise interventions in the early burn rehabilitation phase in adult burn victims. This portfolio contains four peer-reviewed research articles from national and international journals. The study designs include one systematic review and meta analyses, one retrospective cohort study and two randomized control trials. These articles covered three types of exercise interventions including resistance training, mobility training, and physiotherapy. Overall, the cl
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