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1
Stewart, George Russell. "Water quality improvements in the Upper North Bosque River watershed due to phosphorous export through turfgrass sod." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1428.
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The Upper North Bosque River (UNBR) watershed is under a Total Maximum
Daily Load (TMDL) mandate to reduce Phosphorus (P) due to excess nutrients in the
watershed. To address these problems, Texas A&M University researchers have
developed a turfgrass sod Best Management Practice (BMP) to remove excess nutrients
from impaired watersheds. Turfgrass harvest of manure fertilized sod removes a thin
layer of topsoil with most of the manure applied P. Plot and field scale research has
demonstrated the effectiveness of turfgrass to remove manure phosphorus (P). In order
to assess the impact of the turfgrass BMP on a watershed scale, the Soil and Water
Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to predict water quality in the UNBR watershed.
The SWAT model was modified to incorporate turfgrass harvest routines to predict
manure and soil P export through turfgrass sod and soil during harvest. SWAT
simulations of the BMP predicted stream load reductions of 20 to 36% for P loads in the
UNBR depending on the implementation scenario, an average reduction of 31% for total
N and 16.7% for sediment for all the scenarios, at the watershed outlet. The SWAT
model also predicted up to 176 kg/ha P removed per sod harvest when fertilized with
100 kg manure P/ha, and 258 kg/ha of P removed per sod harvest when the manure P
application rate was 200 kg/ha. In addition, depending on the implementation scenario,
the turfgrass BMP could export between 262 and 784 metric tons of P out of the UNBR
watershed every year.
Manure fertilized turfgrass has the advantage of slow releasing nutrients from the
composted dairy manure, so it would not require any additional P for life. This means
reduced urban non-point source pollution and lower maintenance cost compared to
regular sod. These modeling simulations complement the wealth of research that shows
the effectiveness of the turfgrass BMP.
2
Choi, In Ho. "Field-scale evaluation of a system for manure export through turfgrass sod." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4193.
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A total maximum daily load (TMDL) assessment in the Upper North Bosque River (UNBR) has mandated reductions of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). The large concentrations of dairies in the UNBR watershed have been identified as a source of the SRP. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) can be used to reduce in-stream loads of manure nutrients from confined dairy feeding operations (CAFOs). A new BMP utilizes turfgrass sod to export composted dairy manure nutrients out of the impaired watershed in a sustainable manner. Previous plot-scale experiments have showed that 46 to 77% of applied phosphorus (P) and 36 to 47% of applied nitrogen (N) were removed in a single sod harvest. Two, 1.4 ha turfgrass fields were instrumented to measure runoff flow and sediment and nutrient transport. One turfgrass field was topdressed with composted dairy manure and fertilizer N and the other with fertilizer N only. A total of 3.5% of the applied manure P and 3.1% of applied manure N were lost in the surface runoff over a 1.5 year period. The runoff data from the experimental fields were used to calibrate and validate Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model simulations of flow, sediment, organic, and mineral nutrients. The Nash-Sutcliffe model fit statistic was greater than 0.6 for flow, sediment, and nutrients during the calibration period and greater than 0.3 during the validation period. Research results indicated that turfgrass sod can be used to export composted dairy manure out of impaired watersheds to improve water and soil quality.
3
Csekitz, Jill Diane. "Monitoring Watershed Health in the Upper Trinity River Basin, North Central Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935823/.
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This study conducts watershed analysis using biological and geo-spatial techniques. Incorporating landscape features with biological attributes has been shown to be an effective method of monitoring environmental quality within watersheds. In situ biomonitoring using the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea, habitat suitability, and water quality data were evaluated for their potential to describe ecological conditions in agricultural and urban areas within the Upper Trinity River watershed. These data were analyzed with GIS to identify effects of land use on ecological conditions. C. fluminea downstream of point source effluents was effective detecting in-stream toxicity. Ambient toxicity appears to have improved in the Trinity, although urban influences limit aspects of aquatic life. No association between habitat quality and land use was identified.
4
Anderson, Robert T. "The transformation of the upper Ohio River Valley." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2123.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 320 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 230-259).
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Nemeth, Michael W., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Climate change impacts on streamflow in the upper North Saskatchewan River Basin, Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2477.
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This research focuses on the estimation of the impacts of climate change on water yield, streamflow extremes, and the streamflow regimes in the Cline River Watershed, and consequently, water availability for hydropower generation in this area. The Cline River Watershed comprises the flow into Lake Abraham, the reservoir for Bighorn Dam, is part of the upper North Saskatchewan River basin (UNSRB).
This objective was achieved by parameterizing the ACRU agro-hydrological modelling system. After parameterization was complete, ACRU output was calibrated and verified against available observed data, including temperature, snow water equivalent, glacier mass balance, potential evapotranspiration, and streamflow data. After ACRU was properly verified, five selected climate change scenarios to estimate impacts of climate change in this area. Overall water yields are projected to increase over time. A large shift in seasonality is likely the biggest impact climate change will have on water resources in the Cline River Watershed.xii, 126 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm
6
Booth, Evan L. J. "Modeling the effects of climate change on glaciers in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3227.
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This thesis is focused on determining the rate at which the climate of
western North America (WNA) has changed in recent history, and looks at the
impact that projected future climatic changes will have on a large glaciated
watershed in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The rate of change over WNA is
quantified for 485 climate stations for the period 1950-2005 using indicators
developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Results of the
analysis show statistically significant historical trends across the study area. To
gauge the effect of climate change on glaciers, a mass balance model was
developed and integrated with the University of Lethbridge GENESYS
hydrometeorological model. GCM future climate scenarios were used to model
change in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin through 2100. Results
forecast dramatic declines (> 80%) in total glacier area, ice volume, and
streamflow contribution by 2100.ix, 137 leaves ; 29 cm
7
Cook, Nathan A. "Status of anthropogenically-isolated populations of Colorado River cutthroat trout in the upper North Fork Little Snake River Drainage, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939182141&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Stephenson, Jaynie M. "Macroinvertebrate Community Structure as an Indicator of Watershed Health in the Upper Trinity River Basin, North Central Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2445/.
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This study describes macroinvertebrate community structure and assesses its potential in detecting point and non-point sources of disturbance associated with rural and urban areas in the Upper Trinity River Basin. Geospatial techniques were used to quantify landuse within the watershed in a GIS. At rural sites near the headwaters of the Trinity River, collector-gathering burrowers that are adapted to minimal flow comprised the majority of taxa. Destinies of taxa compositions at downstream sites increased and shifted toward psammophilic and rheophilic invertebrates, including primarily collector-filtering clingers, that are characteristic of shifting sand habitats in large prairie rivers. Benthic community structure generally benefited from point source impacts including wastewater treatment plant effluents that maintained higher flow. Community indices were negatively associated with forest landuse and positively associated with urban landuse. Partial CCA determined that flow and landuse contributed equally to species dispersions. Comparisons with historical biomonitoring studies in upper Trinity River Basin indicate improved watershed health.
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Simpson, Scott. "Modeling Stream-Aquifer Interactions During Floods and Baseflow: Upper San Pedro River, Southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193338.
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Streams and groundwaters interact in distinctly different ways during flood versus base flow periods. Recent research in the Upper San Pedro River using isotopic and chemical data shows that (1) near-stream, or 'riparian,' groundwater recharged during high streamflow periods is a major contributor to streamflow for the rest of the year, and (2) the amount of riparian groundwater derived from this flood recharge can vary widely (10-90%) along the river. Riparian groundwater in gaining reaches is almost entirely basin groundwater, whereas losing reaches are dominated by prior streamflow.This description of streamflow gives rise to the questions of (1) how much flood recharge occurs at the river-scale, and (2) subsequently, what is the relative importance of flood recharge and basin groundwater in maintaining the hydrologic state of the riparian system. To address these questions, a coupled hydrologic-solute model was constructed for 45 km of the Upper San Pedro riparian system.
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Williams, Marikka Lin. "Interpreting Prehistoric Patterns: Site Catchment Analysis in the Upper Trinity River Basin of North Central Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4678/.
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Archaeologically site catchment analysis produces valuable information regarding prehistoric subsistence strategies and social organization. Incorporating archaeological data into catchment analyses is an effective strategy to develop regional models of prehistoric site selection and settlement patterns. Digital access to data permits the incorporation of multiple layers of information into the process of synthesizing regional archaeology and interpreting corresponding spatial patterning. GIS software provides a means to integrate digital environmental and archaeological data into an effective tool. Resultant environmental archaeology maps facilitate interpretive analysis. To fulfill the objectives of this thesis, GIS software is employed to construct site catchment areas for archaeological sites and to implement multivariate statistical analyses of physical and biological attributes of catchments in correlation with assemblage data from sites. Guided by ecological, anthropological and geographical theories hypotheses testing evaluates patterns of prehistoric socio-economic behavior. Analytical results are summarized in a model of prehistoric settlement patterns in North Central Texas.
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Meadows, Tim. "Forecasting long-term sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River, Mount St. Helens, USA." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27800/.
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The Toutle-Cowlitz River system experienced dramatic landscape disturbance during the catastrophic eruption of Mount St Helens on May 18, 1980. The eruption was triggered by a 2.5 km3 debris avalanche which buried the upper 60 km2 of the North Fork Toutle River catchment to an average depth of 45 m and obliterated the surface drainage network. Subsequent channel response on the debris avalanche, dominated by incision and widening, has delivered significant quantities of sediment to downstream reaches where resultant deposition has reduced channel capacity and heightened flood risk. Estimates of future sediment yield from the upper North Fork Toutle River are therefore required to inform development of sustainable options for long-term flood risk mitigation. Previous estimates have been based on extrapolation of post-eruption trends in sediment yield and channel network evolution, but the divergent predictions reported in a number of studies have clouded effective decision-making regarding long-term sediment management. This study therefore uses a numerical, landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) to make long-term forecasts of sediment yield based on process simulation rather than extrapolation. A suite of forecasts of cumulative catchment sediment yields up to 2100 are produced using scenario-based model runs designed to account for uncertainty associated with the hydrological impacts of climate change and the model coefficient for lateral mobility. The forecasts fall in a narrow band +/-20% of the mean that lies between two previous estimates derived from the extrapolation of post-eruption trends. Importantly, predicted trends in future annual sediment yield are predominantly linear, although some limited decay is evident for runs in which modelled channel lateral mobility is lower. Sustained sediment production in the upper North Fork Toutle River is found to result from persistent bank erosion and channel widening. These findings cast doubt on the applicability of negative exponential decay functions based on the rate law to characterise post-disturbance sediment yield when lateral rather than vertical adjustments dominate channel evolution. Moreover, forecast trends in future sediment yield suggest that it may not be possible to manage future sediment-related flood risk along the lower Cowlitz solely by retaining sediment in the upper North Fork Toutle River catchment.
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Richey, Kristine Diane. "Life along the Kenepocomoco : archaeological resources of the upper Eel River Valley." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897523.
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An archaeological survey documenting sites along Upper Eel River within the Indiana counties of Allen, Whitley, Kosciusko and Wabash was conducted during 199192 to collect data which was analyzed to provide a clearer understanding of the region's cultural chronology and describe the area's cultural resources. A total of 765 previously unrecorded sites were documented, 493 of which were field-checked during field reconnaissance of 10% of the project universe, with 1010.82 acres surveyed. A research project completed entirely by volunteers succeeded in locating a number of potential archaeological sites from the Historic Period.Data from the present study securely defined the cultural chronology of the Upper Eel River Valley and yielded valuable information concerning settlement patterns, ecological exploitation, and avenues of migration. Cultural sequencing revealed the presence of Early Paleo-Indians along the river valley at approximately 12,000 B.P. and chronicled the continued expansion of prehistoric populations within the area into historic times.Department of Anthropology
13
Oh, Sun Yeong. "Phylogenetic Relationships of Cottids (Pisces: Cottidae) in Upper Snake River Basin of Western North America." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6228.
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Freshwater sculpins (Cottus) are common throughout temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Their broad distribution in the Western North America makes them a good model for understanding phylogeographic relationships among western fishes. Within much of the interior west three lineages, C. bairdii, C. confusus, and the C. beldingii complex, are most prevalent. The distribution of these three overlap in the Snake River Basin. All occur below Shoshone Falls on the Snake River. However, only two currently reside in the Upper Snake River above the falls. An exception are the Lost River streams of central Idaho. While these streams are technically part of the Upper Snake River Basin, they do not directly connect with the Snake River. Preliminary studies with a single mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene suggested multiple pathways for Cottus introduction into the Lost River stream complex. Here, three mitochondrial and five nuclear genes were examined to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of these three lineages. Sequences were obtained from 71 different populations in the Lost River streams and surrounding basins. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenies were constructed using these data. Our data indicate that relationships among populations within these species are complex and that no single invasion into the Lost River streams and surrounding regions can account for the phylogenetic signals detected. Instead, it appears that multiple invasions in an evolving landscape played a significant role in the modern distribution of species in this region.
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Higgins, David Ian. "Catchment scale influences on brown trout fry populations in the Upper Ure catchment, North Yorkshire." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3571/.
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A multi-scale approach for restoration site selection is presented and applied to an upland catchment, the River Ure, North Yorkshire. Traditional survey methods, advances in remote sensing, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and risk-based fine sediment modelling using the SCIMAP module are combined to gather data at the catchment-scale through to the in-stream habitat-scale. The data gathered have been assessed against spatially distributed brown trout fry populations using Pearson’s correlation and multiple stepwise regressions. Fine sediment was shown to have a positive correlation with fry populations when upland drainage channels (grips) were added to the SCIMAP model. This suggests risk from peatland drainage is realised further down the catchment where eroded sediments are deposited. Farm-scale SCIMAP modelling was tested against farmers’ knowledge with variable results. It appears there is a cultural response to risk developed over generations. Management of meadows and pasture land through sub-surface drainage and stock rotation resulted in the risk being negated or re-routed across the holding. At other locations apparently low-risk zones become risky through less sensitive farming methods. This multi-scale approach reveals that the largest impacts on brown trout recruitment operate at the habitat-adjacent scale in tributaries with small upstream areas. The results show a hierarchy of impact, and risk-filters, arising from different intensity land management. This offers potential for targeted restoration site selection. In low-order streams it seems that restoration measures which exclude livestock, and provide bankside shading, can be effective. At such sites the catchment-scale shows a reduced signal on in-stream biota. Thus, brown trout stocks could be significantly enhanced by targeting restoration at riffle-habitat zones and adjacent land in order to disconnect the stream from farm-derived impacts and through adding structure to the stream channel.
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Anderson, Andrea L. "Late Archaic lithic technology and land-use patterns in the Upper Susquehanna River Valley of New York a comparison of the Goodyear and Oaks Creek sites /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Lindell, Lina. "Environmental Effects of Agricultural Expansion in the Upper Amazon : A study of river basin geochemistry and hydrochemistry, and farmers' perceptions." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14713.
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In this thesis natural science is combined with environmental psychology in order to determine how deforestation and subsequent agricultural expansion in the Peruvian highland jungle has affected the natural environment and rural livelihoods. This region is part of one of the most biodiverse areas on Earth and is also exposed to high pressure from deforestation that threatens the ecosystems as well as the well-being of local populations. The problem stretches beyond the upper Amazon since the region constitutes headwaters to theAmazon Riverand is part of the most important forest ecosystem of the world. This study evaluates the relative controls of human induced land-cover change and natural factors on the chemical status of soils, stream waters, and sediments, mainly through a spatial sampling design. The field work was located to two adjacent river basins underlain by sedimentary rocks. Streams of 48 independent sub-basins, the two main rivers, 80 upland soil sites (weakly developed soils on sandstone and siltstone) and four vertical profiles of floodplain sediments were sampled and analysed for major and trace elements, including nutrients and potentially toxic metals. Further, perceptions of environmental changes were investigated through a combination of quantitative and qualitative interview data collected from 51 smallholder farmers. Soils of primary forests were found to be chemically similar to those of regenerated forests and agricultural land-covers (pastures and coffee plantations), and differences in chemical concentrations between streams draining areas to varying degrees covered by forest were assigned to natural variability. In addition, the chemical composition of alluvial deposits was similar in the two drainage basins despite a substantial difference in exploitation degree (30 % versus 70 % cleared from forest). Thus, no evidence was found of long-term changes in the geochemistry of the Subandean river basins as a result of the conversion of primary forest to agricultural land-uses. The farmers, however, perceived an overall increase in environmental degradation as well as a change towards drier and warmer climatic conditions. The climate change was reported to be the main factor responsible for a negative trend in life quality (rural livelihoods). The results may be used in the work of identifying priorities and key factors necessary for environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in the upper Amazon.En esta tesis se combina la ciencia natural con la psicología ambiental con el fin de determinar como la ampliación de la frontera agrícola ha afectado el medio ambiente y los medios de vida en la selva alta del Perú. Esta región forma parte de una de las zonas con mayor biodiversidad en el planeta y a su vez está expuesta a una alta presión de la deforestación que amenaza a los ecosistemas, así como el bienestar de la población en esta zona. Así mismo, este problema se hace sentir mas allá de la selva alta ya que esta zona forma parte de las cabeceras del río Amazonas y pertenece al ecosistema forestal más importante del mundo. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de la agricultura de tala y quema, en comparación con los factores naturales, sobre las propiedades químicas de los suelos, las quebradas, y los sedimentos, principalmente a través de un diseño de muestreo espacial. El trabajo de campo se realizó en dos cuencas fluviales adyacentes que están compuestas por rocas sedimentarias. Quebradas de 48 sub-cuencas independientes, dos ríos principales, 80 localidades de suelo (poco desarrollados sobre areniscas y limolitas) y cuatro perfiles verticales de sedimentos fluviales fueron muestreados y analizados para los elementos mayores y menores, incluyendo nutrientes y metales potencialmente tóxicos. También se han investigado las percepciones sobre los cambios ambientales usando una combinación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, recopilados a través de entrevistas a 51 agricultores. Según los resultados no hubo diferencias significativas entre la química de suelos de bosques primarios y tierras agrícolas (pastos, plantaciones de café y de bosques secundarios). En cuanto a las quebradas, las diferencias en las concentraciones de sustancias químicas entre sub-cuencas afectadas por la deforestación en diferentes grados fueron asignados a una variabilidad natural. Además, la composición química de los depósitos aluviales fue similar en las dos cuencas a pesar de una diferencia sustancial en el grado de explotación (30 % en comparación con 70 % deforestado). Por lo tanto, no se encontró evidencia de cambios persistentes en la geoquímica de las cuencas Subandinas como resultado de la conversión de bosques a tierras agrícolas. Sin embargo los agricultores percibieron una tendencia general de aumento de la degradación del medio ambiente, así como un cambio en el clima a condiciones más secas y cálidas, lo cual fue reportado como el principal factor responsable de un cambio negativo en la calidad de vida. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados en el trabajo de identificación de prioridades y factores claves para la sostenibilidad ambiental y socioeconómica en la selva alta.
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Cornell, Sean Richard. "The Last Stand of the Great American Carbonate Bank: Tectonic Activation of the Upper Ordovician Passive Margin in Eastern North America." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1226880226.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Dr. Carlton Brett PhD (Advisor), Dr. Warren Huff PhD (Committee Member), Dr. J.B. Maynard PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Thomas Algeo PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Brian Witzke PhD (Committee Member), Dr. Kees Dejong PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 3, 2009). Keywords: sequence stratigraphy; ordovician; taconic orogeny; blountian tectophase; chemostratigraphy; strontium isotopes; time restricted facies; mohawkian; trenton group; black river group; chazy group. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Read, Alesia Noelle. "Characterizing American shad spawning habitat in the Upper Roanoke River Basin, Virginia." 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272005-113400/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Chen, Chun-Ming, and 陳俊銘. "Vegetation analysis of the upper valley forest along Peishih river, north-east Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16923402478243984897.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
92
This study investigated the montane vegetation in upper valley of Peishihshi, north-east Taiwan. A total of 560 plants and 6 environmental factors in 33 stands were analyzed by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). The analyses recognized 6 main vegetation types as follows： A. Ficus fistulosa - Machilus japonica var. kusanoi Type B. Litsea acuminata – Machilus japonica var. kusanoi Type C. Castanopsis uraiana – Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis Type D. Gardenia jasminoides – Castanopsis carlesii var. sessilis Type E. Quercus longinux – Machilus thunbergii Type F. Euscaphis japonica – Quercus sessilifolia Type The above types have been checked against the vegetation classification system and assigned to the former reported associations. This study discovered 1 new vegetation types in the studied area.
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Martin, Leslie Ann. "Baseflow turbidity of tributaries to the upper Little Tennessee River, North Carolina and Georgia." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/martin%5Fleslie%5Fa%5F200805%5Fms.
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Favrot, Scott Douglas. "Sicklefin redhorse reproductive and habitat ecology in the Upper Hiwassee River Basin of the southern Appalachian Mountains." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01222009-174152/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Andersen, Elizabeth F. "Effects of land use and land cover on freshwater mussel populations in the upper Neuse River basin, NC a GIS approach /." 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12022002-224912/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Fletcher, Frederick Allen. "An examination of recreational use and comparison of anglers₂ and campers₂ use characteristics at the upper Green River special recreation area in Wyoming." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04242008-124503/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Shapard, Robert Paine. "Building an inland sea Clarks Hill Lake on the Upper Savannah and the twentieth-century lives, land, and river hidden by its waters /." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-161940/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Paturi, SHASTRI. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF LAKE ONTARIO HYDRODYNAMICS NEAR PORT HOPE AND IN THE UPPER ST LAWRENCE RIVER." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8115.
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The Ontario Clean Water Act (2006) mandated that eight and two municipal drinking water intakes in the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) and the Ganaraska River Source Protection Agency (GRSPA) jurisdictions respectively, be protected from contaminants released into the surrounding waters through the delineation of Intake Protection Zones (IPZs).
Toward these objectives, the Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) was applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the eastern Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River. Model hydrodynamics were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-October, 2006. The flow was found to be predominantly wind induced in the southwestern lacustrine portion of the domain and hydraulically driven in the northeastern riverine portion with storm events resulting in river flow reversals. The modeled surface currents were applied to delineate IPZs surrounding the drinking water intakes. Passive tracers were simulated as surrogates for combined sewer outflows, tributary flows, municipal/wastewater and industrial discharges identified by CRCA as threats to drinking water intakes. Wind was found to be the most dominant forcing to transport contaminants, both in the Kingston Basin and the St. Lawrence River, whereas the St. Lawrence River outflow was found to influence the transport of contaminants along the river.
The hydrodynamics and contaminant transport in the near-shore region of Lake Ontario, from Port Hope to Cobourg was also simulated using ELCOM and the results were comprehensively validated against field data collected during April-September, 2010. Upwelling and downwelling events caused by south-westerly and north-easterly winds were found to be the predominant hydrodynamic process. These events generated barotropic geostrophic alongshore currents or ‘coastal jets’ of ~20 cm s-1. Discharges from river plumes and sewage treatment plants were simulated as tracer releases.
The tracer concentrations were primarily influenced by the close proximity of the intakes to the effluent release points, the volume and direction of the discharge from the intakes and the physical processes driving the flow dynamics.Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-07-17 11:41:54.68
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Kindler, Dale Herman. "An assessment of the reproductive biology of the Marico barb Barbus motebensis (Steindachner 1894) from the upper Groot Marico Catchment." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13832.
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M.Sc. (Aquatic Health)This study took place in the Groot Marico River catchment situated in the North West Province of South Africa. The catchment holds many rivers and associated tributaries that are home to a variety fish species with some being endemic to the catchment. A small minnow species, the Marico barb Barbus motebensis was chosen as the study species due to it being endemic to the catchment with limited information available on them with regards to their reproductive status in terms of their reproductive timing and number of potential offspring. Two tributaries from the upper Groot Marico River were chosen as sampling sites for the collection of B. motebensis across the four seasons. These two tributaries presented two genetically different populations, which allowed for a comparison of the findings to ascertain whether any differences in reproductive aspects occurred between the two tributary populations during the different seasons. The Marico barb is under threat from predation pressure posed by the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides introduced into the system. Micropterus salmoides is a known alien invasive fish that eats any animal food item it encounters, especially fish. Due to B. motebensis and M. salmoides sharing the same habitat preferences, B. motebensis stands little chance of survival in the same water inhabited by the predatory M. salmoides. Many studies have shown bass to drive other fish species to the point of extirpation from a system through predation pressure. Currently B. motebensis is classified as vulnerable on the Red List of Threatened Species, although this status may be further compromised with the presence of M. salmoides...