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A. Saleh, J. G. Arnold, P. W. Gassman, L. M. Hauck, W. D. Rosenthal, J. R. Williams, and A. M. S. McFarland. "APPLICATION OF SWAT FOR THE UPPER NORTH BOSQUE RIVER WATERSHED." Transactions of the ASAE 43, no. 5 (2000): 1077–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.3000.
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Pak, Jang Hyuk, Matthew Fleming, William Scharffenberg, Stanford Gibson, and Thomas Brauer. "Modeling Surface Soil Erosion and Sediment Transport Processes in the Upper North Bosque River Watershed, Texas." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 20, no. 12 (December 2015): 04015034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001205.
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A. Saleh and B. Du. "EVALUATION OF SWAT AND HSPF WITHIN BASINS PROGRAM FOR THE UPPER NORTH BOSQUE RIVER WATERSHED IN CENTRAL TEXAS." Transactions of the ASAE 47, no. 4 (2004): 1039–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16577.
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G. R. Stewart, C. L. Munster, D. M. Vietor, J. G. Arnold, A. M. S. McFarland, R. White, and T. Provin. "SIMULATING WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UPPER NORTH BOSQUE RIVER WATERSHED DUE TO PHOSPHORUS EXPORT THROUGH TURFGRASS SOD." Transactions of the ASABE 49, no. 2 (2006): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20410.
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A. Saleh and O. Gallego. "Application of SWAT and APEX Using the SWAPP (SWAT-APEX) Program for the Upper North Bosque River Watershed in Texas." Transactions of the ASABE 50, no. 4 (2007): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23632.
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Scarpino, P. V. "North Woods River: The St. Croix River in Upper Midwest History." Environmental History 18, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emt018.
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Cadena-Ortiz, Héctor, Santiago Varela, Daniela Bahamonde-Vinueza, Juan F. Freile, and Elisa Bonaccorso. "Birds of Bosque Protector Jerusalem, Guayllabamba Valley, Ecuador." Check List 11, no. 5 (October 16, 2015): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1770.
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The Ecuadorian inter-Andean dry valleys are highly affected by human intervention. Currently, less than 5% of the original vegetation cover of these valleys remains on creeks and hillsides. Bosque Protector Jerusalem (1,110 ha), in the upper Guayllabamba River valley, protects the largest remnants of inter-Andean dry forest in Ecuador. Here, we present data derived from two recent studies (from 2009 to 2013), as well as information collected by other authors in previous studies, between the years 2002 and 2009. We present a unified list of 75 species of birds, accounts for species of particular interest, new distributional records, and considerations about the conservation of the study area.
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Galán de Mera, Antonio, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Juan Montoya Quino, Eliana Linares Perea, José Campos de la Cruz, and José Alfredo Vicente Orellana. "La vegetación del Norte del Perú: de los bosques a la jalca en Cajamarca." Acta Botanica Malacitana 40 (December 1, 2015): 157–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v40i0.2505.
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Español. El departamento de Cajamarca, en el Norte del Perú, se caracteriza en general por un clima más húmedo que el resto del territorio andino peruano occidental. Teniendo en cuenta el paralelismo entre el clima y las unidades de vegetación que ofrecen los pisos bioclimáticos, los ombrotipos, la geología y los suelos, y levantando inventarios según la metodología de Braun-Blanquet, estudiamos la vegetación de este territorio. Se describen 2 comunidades vegetales, 8 asociaciones, 3 subasociaciones, 3 alianzas, 1 orden y 1 clase fitosociológica. Como resultado, se analizan la comunidad de Cecropia montana y Heliocarpus americanus (termotropical subhúmedo-húmeda) y de Muntingia calabura y Hura crepitans (infratropical seco-subhúmeda), ambas de la clase Nectandro laevis-Licarietea canellae presente en el norte del territorio. Hacia el sur, los bosques lauroides y esclerófilos están representados por las nuevas asociaciones Axinaeo nitidae-Podocarpetum oleifolii (bosques mesotropicales, húmedo-hiperhúmedos), Verbesino auriculigerae-Siparunetum muricatae (bosques mesotropicales húmedo-hiperhúmedos de áreas alteradas), Berberido beauverdianae-Myrcianthetum myrsinoidis (bosques del piso mesotropical inferior seco-subhúmedo) y Aristeguietio discoloris-Kageneckietum lanceolatae (bosques del piso mesotropical superior seco-subhúmedo), todas agrupadas en la nueva alianza Monnino pilosae-Myrcianthion myrsinoidis (Pruno rigidae-Oreopanacetea floribundi). Las asociaciones nuevas Baccharito latifoliae-Monactinetum flaverioidis (supra-mesotropical subhúmedo-seca) y Monactino flaverioidis-Colignonietum parviflorae (mesotropical húmeda) son las arbustedas sucesionales de los bosques y se agrupan en la alianza Otholobio munyensis-Rubion robusti all. nova y en la nueva clase andina Clematido peruvianae-Baccharitetea latifoliae. Se describen dos nuevas asociaciones de los pajonales del páramo (“jalca”) con sus subasociaciones: Calamagrostio tarmensis-Hypericetum laricifolii (pajonales supratropicales húmedos del sector Chota-Contumazá), con la subasociación cortaderietosum nitidae en áreas rocosas, y Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletum bonplandiani (pajonales orotropicales húmedos-hiperhúmedos del sector Chota-Contumazá), con la subasociación puyetosum fastuosae en suelos húmedos, y calamagrostietosum curvulae como una subasociación de transición hacia los pajonales de la puna del centro del Perú. Además, hemos reconocido y lectotipificado la asociación supratropical húmeda Oreobolo goeppingieri-Hypericetum laricifolii, característica del sector biogeográfico Loja-Cutervo. Todas estas asociaciones de pastizales pertenecen a la nueva alianza Agrostio tolucensis-Paspalion bonplandiani y al nuevo orden Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletalia bonplandiani (Calamagrostietea vicunarum). Por otra parte, presentamos un esquema sintaxonómico con todas las clases fitosociológicas estudiadas por el momento en el departamento de Cajamarca, incluyendo bosques secos y vegetación con cactus y otras plantas suculentas (Acacio macracanthae-Prosopidetea pallidae), alisedas (Alnetea acuminatae), bosques altoandinos (Polylepidetea tarapacano-besseri), y vegetación helofítica de riveras (Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharitetea salicifoliae). Como resultado de este estudio fitosociológico comentamos la biogeografía del N del Perú estableciendo los sectores Loja-Cutervo y Chota-Contumazá, y finalmente hemos cartografiado la vegetación potencial de Cajamarca English. The Department of Cajamarca, in Northern Peru, is generally characterized by a more general humid climate that in the rest of the occidental Andean Peruvian territory. Taking account of the parallelism between climate and vegetation units offered by bioclimatic belts and ombrotypes, geology and soils, and making plots according to the Braun-Blanquet methodology, the vegetation of the territory was studied. Two plant communities, 8 associations, 3 subassociations, 3 alliances, 1 order and 1 phytosociological class are described. As a result, we have analyzed the Cecropia montana and Heliocarpus americanus (thermotropical subhumid-humid) and the Muntingia calabura and Hura crepitans (infratropical dry-subhumid) plant communities, both belonging to the Nectandro laevis-Licarietea canellae class in the North of the territory. To the South, laurel like and sclerophyllous forests are represented by the new associations Axinaeo nitidae-Podocarpetum oleifolii (mesotropical, humid-hyperhumid forests), Verbesino auriculigerae-Siparunetum muricatae (mesotropical humid-hyperhumid forests on disturbed areas), Berberido beauverdianae-Myrcianthetum myrsinoidis (lower mesotropical dry-subhumid forests), and Aristeguietio discoloris-Kageneckietum lanceolatae (upper mesotropical dry-subhumid forests), all grouped into the new alliance Monnino pilosae-Myrcianthion myrsinoidis (Pruno rigidae-Oreopanacetea floribundi). The supra-mesotropical, subhumid-dry Baccharito latifoliae-Monactinetum flaverioidis and the mesotropical humid Monactino flaverioidis-Colignonietum parviflorae new associations are the successional shrublands of the forests, grouped into the new alliance Otholobio munyensis-Rubion robusti and into the new Andean class Clematido peruvianae-Baccharitetea latifoliae. Two new associations for the paramo (“jalca”) grasslands have been described with their subassociations: Calamagrostio tarmensis-Hypericetum laricifolii (supratropical humid grasslands from the Chota-Contumazá biogeographical sector), with cortaderietosum nitidae subassociation on rocky areas, and Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletum bonplandiani (orotropical humid-hyperhumid grasslands from the Chota-Contumazá biogeographical sector), with puyetosum fastuosae subassociation on humid soils, and calamagrostietosum curvulae as transitional subassociation to the puna grasslands in Central Peru. Furthermore, we have recognized and lectotypified the supratropical humid association Oreobolo goeppingieri-Hypericetum laricifolii from the Loja-Cutervo biogeographical sector. These grassland associations belong to the new alliance Agrostio tolucensis-Paspalion bonplandiani and to the new order Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletalia bonplandiani (Calamagrostietea vicunarum class). Besides, we present a syntaxonomical scheme with all the phytosociological class studied for the moment in the Department of Cajamarca, including dry forest and succulent vegetation with cactus (Acacio macracanthae-Prosopidetea pallidae), Andean alder forests (Alnetea acuminatae), high Andean forests (Polylepidetea tarapacano-besseri), and helophytic river vegetation (Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharitetea salicifoliae). As a result of the study of the phytosociological units of Cajamarca, we comment the biogeography of Northern Peru establishing the Loja-Cutervo and Chota-Contumazá sectors, and finally, we have maped the potential vegetation of Cajamarca.
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Galán de Mera, Antonio, Isidoro Sánchez Vega, Juan Montoya Quino, Eliana Linares Perea, José Campos de la Cruz, and José Alfredo Vicente Orellana. "La vegetación del Norte del Perú: de los bosques a la jalca en Cajamarca." Acta Botanica Malacitana 40 (July 6, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/actabotanicaabm.v40i0.2505.
Full textAbstract:
Español. El departamento de Cajamarca, en el Norte del Perú, se caracteriza en general por un clima más húmedo que el resto del territorio andino peruano occidental. Teniendo en cuenta el paralelismo entre el clima y las unidades de vegetación que ofrecen los pisos bioclimáticos, los ombrotipos, la geología y los suelos, y levantando inventarios según la metodología de Braun-Blanquet, estudiamos la vegetación de este territorio. Se describen 2 comunidades vegetales, 8 asociaciones, 3 subasociaciones, 3 alianzas, 1 orden y 1 clase fitosociológica. Como resultado, se analizan la comunidad de Cecropia montana y Heliocarpus americanus (termotropical subhúmedo-húmeda) y de Muntingia calabura y Hura crepitans (infratropical seco-subhúmeda), ambas de la clase Nectandro laevis-Licarietea canellae presente en el norte del territorio. Hacia el sur, los bosques lauroides y esclerófilos están representados por las nuevas asociaciones Axinaeo nitidae-Podocarpetum oleifolii (bosques mesotropicales, húmedo-hiperhúmedos), Verbesino auriculigerae-Siparunetum muricatae (bosques mesotropicales húmedo-hiperhúmedos de áreas alteradas), Berberido beauverdianae-Myrcianthetum myrsinoidis (bosques del piso mesotropical inferior seco-subhúmedo) y Aristeguietio discoloris-Kageneckietum lanceolatae (bosques del piso mesotropical superior seco-subhúmedo), todas agrupadas en la nueva alianza Monnino pilosae-Myrcianthion myrsinoidis (Pruno rigidae-Oreopanacetea floribundi). Las asociaciones nuevas Baccharito latifoliae-Monactinetum flaverioidis (supra-mesotropical subhúmedo-seca) y Monactino flaverioidis-Colignonietum parviflorae (mesotropical húmeda) son las arbustedas sucesionales de los bosques y se agrupan en la alianza Otholobio munyensis-Rubion robusti all. nova y en la nueva clase andina Clematido peruvianae-Baccharitetea latifoliae. Se describen dos nuevas asociaciones de los pajonales del páramo (“jalca”) con sus subasociaciones: Calamagrostio tarmensis-Hypericetum laricifolii (pajonales supratropicales húmedos del sector Chota-Contumazá), con la subasociación cortaderietosum nitidae en áreas rocosas, y Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletum bonplandiani (pajonales orotropicales húmedos-hiperhúmedos del sector Chota-Contumazá), con la subasociación puyetosum fastuosae en suelos húmedos, y calamagrostietosum curvulae como una subasociación de transición hacia los pajonales de la puna del centro del Perú. Además, hemos reconocido y lectotipificado la asociación supratropical húmeda Oreobolo goeppingieri-Hypericetum laricifolii, característica del sector biogeográfico Loja-Cutervo. Todas estas asociaciones de pastizales pertenecen a la nueva alianza Agrostio tolucensis-Paspalion bonplandiani y al nuevo orden Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletalia bonplandiani (Calamagrostietea vicunarum). Por otra parte, presentamos un esquema sintaxonómico con todas las clases fitosociológicas estudiadas por el momento en el departamento de Cajamarca, incluyendo bosques secos y vegetación con cactus y otras plantas suculentas (Acacio macracanthae-Prosopidetea pallidae), alisedas (Alnetea acuminatae), bosques altoandinos (Polylepidetea tarapacano-besseri), y vegetación helofítica de riveras (Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharitetea salicifoliae). Como resultado de este estudio fitosociológico comentamos la biogeografía del N del Perú estableciendo los sectores Loja-Cutervo y Chota-Contumazá, y finalmente hemos cartografiado la vegetación potencial de Cajamarca English. The Department of Cajamarca, in Northern Peru, is generally characterized by a more general humid climate that in the rest of the occidental Andean Peruvian territory. Taking account of the parallelism between climate and vegetation units offered by bioclimatic belts and ombrotypes, geology and soils, and making plots according to the Braun-Blanquet methodology, the vegetation of the territory was studied. Two plant communities, 8 associations, 3 subassociations, 3 alliances, 1 order and 1 phytosociological class are described. As a result, we have analyzed the Cecropia montana and Heliocarpus americanus (thermotropical subhumid-humid) and the Muntingia calabura and Hura crepitans (infratropical dry-subhumid) plant communities, both belonging to the Nectandro laevis-Licarietea canellae class in the North of the territory. To the South, laurel like and sclerophyllous forests are represented by the new associations Axinaeo nitidae-Podocarpetum oleifolii (mesotropical, humid-hyperhumid forests), Verbesino auriculigerae-Siparunetum muricatae (mesotropical humid-hyperhumid forests on disturbed areas), Berberido beauverdianae-Myrcianthetum myrsinoidis (lower mesotropical dry-subhumid forests), and Aristeguietio discoloris-Kageneckietum lanceolatae (upper mesotropical dry-subhumid forests), all grouped into the new alliance Monnino pilosae-Myrcianthion myrsinoidis (Pruno rigidae-Oreopanacetea floribundi). The supra-mesotropical, subhumid-dry Baccharito latifoliae-Monactinetum flaverioidis and the mesotropical humid Monactino flaverioidis-Colignonietum parviflorae new associations are the successional shrublands of the forests, grouped into the new alliance Otholobio munyensis-Rubion robusti and into the new Andean class Clematido peruvianae-Baccharitetea latifoliae. Two new associations for the paramo (“jalca”) grasslands have been described with their subassociations: Calamagrostio tarmensis-Hypericetum laricifolii (supratropical humid grasslands from the Chota-Contumazá biogeographical sector), with cortaderietosum nitidae subassociation on rocky areas, and Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletum bonplandiani (orotropical humid-hyperhumid grasslands from the Chota-Contumazá biogeographical sector), with puyetosum fastuosae subassociation on humid soils, and calamagrostietosum curvulae as transitional subassociation to the puna grasslands in Central Peru. Furthermore, we have recognized and lectotypified the supratropical humid association Oreobolo goeppingieri-Hypericetum laricifolii from the Loja-Cutervo biogeographical sector. These grassland associations belong to the new alliance Agrostio tolucensis-Paspalion bonplandiani and to the new order Agrostio tolucensis-Paspaletalia bonplandiani (Calamagrostietea vicunarum class). Besides, we present a syntaxonomical scheme with all the phytosociological class studied for the moment in the Department of Cajamarca, including dry forest and succulent vegetation with cactus (Acacio macracanthae-Prosopidetea pallidae), Andean alder forests (Alnetea acuminatae), high Andean forests (Polylepidetea tarapacano-besseri), and helophytic river vegetation (Tessario integrifoliae-Baccharitetea salicifoliae). As a result of the study of the phytosociological units of Cajamarca, we comment the biogeography of Northern Peru establishing the Loja-Cutervo and Chota-Contumazá sectors, and finally, we have maped the potential vegetation of Cajamarca.
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Jones, Jess W., and Richard J. Neves. "Freshwater Mussel Status: Upper North Fork Holston River, Virginia." Northeastern Naturalist 14, no. 3 (September 2007): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[471:fmsunf]2.0.co;2.
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Millican, Jimmy S., Jeffrey A. Back, and Anne M. S. McFarland. "Nutrient Bioassays of Growth Parameters for Algae in the North Bosque River of Central Texas1." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 44, no. 5 (October 2008): 1219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00219.x.
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Russ, William T., and Stephen J. Fraley. "Status Update for Six Rare Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Western North Carolina." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 130, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5880-130.2.25.
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Abstract From 2009–2012 detailed distribution data, information to update conservation status, and additional life history and habitat observations were obtained for six rare crayfishes in Western North Carolina. The Hiwassee Headwaters Crayfish, Cambarus (Puncticambarus) parrishi, continues to occupy a very limited range in Clay County, with most known occurrences from the Tusquitee Creek system. The Chauga Crayfish, C. (P.) chaugaensis, appears to be abundant throughout much of its range in the upper Savannah River Drainage, in Transylvania, Jackson, and Macon counties. The French Broad River Crayfish, C. (P.) reburrus, has declined in Madison and Buncombe counties, while populations in Transylvania County appear to have remained relatively stable. The Broad River Stream Crayfish, C. (Cambarus) lenati continues to occur primarily in the upper First Broad River drainage where it is common in some streams in Rutherford County. The Broad River Spiny Crayfish, C. (P.) spicatus is rare but continues to exist in two isolated populations: upper First Broad and North Pacolet river drainages. The Little Tennessee River Crayfish, C. (P.) georgiae continues to occupy Jackson and Macon counties where it is most abundant in the upper Little Tennessee River Drainage. No range expansions were observed for any of these crayfish species.
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Pusey, B. J., J. Bird, M. J. Kennard, and A. H. Arthington. "Distribution of the Lake Eacham Rainbowfish in the Wet Tropics Region, North Queensland." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 1 (1997): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96009.
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The Lake Eacham rainbowfish, Melanotaenia eachamensisAllen & Cross, 1982, was thought to be extinct in the wild until recentresearch demonstrated the presence of wild populations in a few tributaries ofthe upper Johnstone River and the upper Barron River, north Queensland, byusing the technique of DNA sequencing. We present the results of amultivariate analysis of a range of morphological and meristic characters ofrainbowfish collected from rivers of the Wet Tropics region, particularly theJohnstone River, that demonstrate that M. eachamensis iswidespread in the upper and lower reaches of the North and South Johnstonerivers and tributaries of the upper Tully River.M. eachamensis was most often the dominant species inthose locations where sympatry withM. splendida splendida was observed.M. eachamensis should be considered a stream-dwellingspecies rather than a lacustrine species although a significant lacustrinepopulation (Koombooloomba Dam) was detected.
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Ray, JackH. "Geoarchaeological Investigations in the Upper North Fork River Valley in Southern Missouri." Plains Anthropologist 54, no. 210 (January 2009): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2009.54.210.005.
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Sorrells, Robert M., and Dan Royall. "Channel bifurcation and adjustment on the upper Yadkin River, North Carolina (USA)." Geomorphology 223 (October 2014): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.06.020.
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Heggberget, Tor G., Roar A. Lund, Nils Ryman, and Gunnar Ståhl. "Growth and Genetic Variation of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Different Sections of the River Alta, North Norway." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 1828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-227.
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Growth of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from three different sections of the River Alta was correlated with estimated growth differences among adult salmon caught in corresponding sections of the river. Young salmon grew most quickly each of the three years investigated in the upper section of the river; further downriver, presmolts had a significantly lower growth rate. Growth calculations based on scale samples from adults indicated corresponding river growth patterns from the three sections. Salmon caught in the upper section of the river had significantly lower smolt age (mean 3.92 yr) and better presmolt growth than salmon caught further downriver (mean smolt age in the middle and lower sections was 4.35 and 4.19 yr, respectively). Correlations between growth differences in young and adult salmon suggest that presmolts that have lived their first years in the upper section of the river apparently return there after having been at sea. Genetic analyses of presmolts indicate that local populations exist. Allele frequency differences at three electrophoretically detectable protein loci give independent support for the existence of genetically differentiated local populations within the River Alta.
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Morwood, M. J. "The prehistory of Aboriginal landuse on the upper Flinders River, North Queensland Highlands." Queensland Archaeological Research 7 (January 1, 1990): 3–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/qar.7.1990.126.
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A general theme in Australian prehistory is the development of the distinctive social, economic and technological systems observed in recent Aboriginal societies. Research has demonstrated significant change in the Australian archaeological sequence and general trends of such are shared by numerous regions. Most that have been investigated indicate low density occupation during the Pleistocene and early Holocene with significant increases in site numbers, increased artefact discard rates and dissemination of new technologies and artefact types in mid-to-late Holocene times (e.g. Lourandos 1985). On the other hand, each region has a unique prehistory, range of material evidence and research potential. Our knowledge of Holocene developments in aboriginal subsistence systems, for instance, is largely based upon the history of cycad exploitation in the central Queensland Highlands (Beaton 1982), the appearance of seed grindstones in arid and semi-arid zones (Smith 1986) and evidence for increased emphasis on small-bodied animals in N.E. New South Wales and S.E. Queensland (McBryde 1977:233; Morwood 1987:347).
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Picha, Paul R., and Michael L. Gregg. "Chronostratigraphy of upper James river floodplain sediments: Implications for southeastern North Dakota archaeology." Geoarchaeology 8, no. 3 (June 1993): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.3340080303.
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Phillips, Jonathan D. "Delivery of upper-basin sediment to the lower neuse river, North Carolina, U.S.A." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17, no. 7 (November 1992): 699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290170706.
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Gu, Jie, Wei Chen, Cui Ping Kuang, Xin Qin, and Dan Qing Ma. "Influence of Hengsha Passage on Sediment Deposition in the Upper Reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang River Estuary." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3524.
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Based on the data of water depth in the South Branch and the Hengsha Passage, and the flow spilt ratio of the North Passage and the South Passage, the reasons for the sediment deposition in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang River Estuary are explored. The study shows the influence of the development of the Hengsha Passage is significant. The development of Hengsha Passage causes the increase of sediment and water exchange between the North Channel and the North Passage, which weakens the sediment and water exchange between the North Channel and the North Passage, and enhances the sediment silting in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel. The development of Hengsha Passage also causes the scour of the upper reach of the South Passage, which weakens the ebb tide entering into the North Passage and further strengthens the sediment deposition in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel. On the other hand, the Coriolis force and V-shaped diversion dike at the head of the Deepwater Navigation Channel also contribute the sediment deposition in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel.
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Fielding, Christopher R., and Jan Alexander. "Sedimentology of the Upper Burdekin River of North Queensland, Australia?an example of a tropical, variable discharge river." Terra Nova 8, no. 5 (September 1996): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00770.x.
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Hickson, R. E., and F. W. Rodolf. "HISTORY OF COLUMBIA RIVER JETTIES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v1.32.
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Columbia River is the largest river on the Pacific Coast of the United States. It heads at Columbia Lake in British Columbia, about 80 miles north of the international boundary, and flows northward parallel to the summit of the Rocky Mountains for about 185 miles, thence turns back and flows generally southward through Upper and Lower Arrow Lakes and enters the United States about 25 miles west of the northeast corner of the State of Washington. Thence the river flows by a sinuous course southward, westward, and southeastward to the Oregon-Washington boundary, thence generally westward between the two states, discharging into the Pacific Ocean 583 statute miles north of San Francisco Bay and 154 miles south of the Straits of Juan de Fuca (distances computed from differences in latitude). The river has a total length of 1,210 miles, of which 750 miles are in the United States.
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Gardner, James D., Anthony P. Russell, and Donald B. Brinkman. "Systematics and taxonomy of soft-shelled turtles (Family Trionychidae) from the Judith River Group (mid-Campanian) of North America." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e95-053.
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Four valid species of trionychine trionychid turtles are recognized from the Upper Cretaceous (mid-Campanian; Judithian) Judith River Group, western North America. Cladistic analysis of extant and Judith River Group trionychines supports referral of three fossil species to Aspideretoides gen. nov. and one fossil species to Apalone, the genus of extant North American trionychines. The taxonomic diversity of Judith River Group trionychids is less than that of younger Maastrichtian and Paleocene assemblages from the Western Interior, largely because of the absence of plastomenine trionychids in the Judith River Group assemblage.
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Yin, Zhi-Yong. "Temporal Variations in Precipitation Regime of the Middle-Upper Chattahoochee River Basin, North Georgia." Southeastern Geographer 32, no. 1 (1992): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1992.0013.
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Angradi, Ted R., E. William Schweiger, and David W. Bolgrien. "Inter-habitat variation in the benthos of the Upper Missouri River (North Dakota, USA): implications for Great River bioassessment." River Research and Applications 22, no. 7 (2006): 755–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.932.
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Shell, Ryan, and Nicholas Gardner. "Movement of the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) in the upper Mississippi River Basin, North America." Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS) 34, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3422021010607.
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Rare appearances of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in river systems and other freshwater ecosystems have been reported from five continents. The wide geographic range of this phenomenon, the physiological adaptations of this species to allow for movement into rivers, and a fossil record in the Miocene Epoch, all imply that this behavior has a long history. In the Mississippi River basin, however, only two specimens were captured in the river’s upper portion during the entire 20th century. Further historical, archeological, and paleontological records of these animals appearing farther than 500 km upstream from the Mississippi delta is almost nonexistent. Bull shark movements in the upper portions of this river are likely sufficiently rare or cryptic to avoid detection using historical, archaeological, paleontological, and modern fisheries conservation techniques. Deeper research into these sharks, and their historical biogeography is needed to better understand the relationship these large predators have to the freshwater ecosystems of the American mid-continent.
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Rossbach, Thomas J., and Joseph G. Carter. "Molluscan biostratigraphy of the lower River Bend Formation at the Martin Marietta Quarry, New Bern, North Carolina." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 1 (January 1991): 80–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000020230.
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The lower River Bend Formation at the Martin Marietta New Bern quarry in Craven County, North Carolina, contains a diverse and abundant moldic molluscan fauna. This fauna, reconstructed by latex casts, suggests a Vicksburgian or a post-Vicksburgian, pre-Chickasawhayan age for the New Bern exposure. Forty-one molluscan species and subspecies are presently identified from the lower River Bend Formation, 11 of which are new: Turritella caelatura alani, Turritella neusensis, Galeodaria britti, Phalium newbernensis, Cymatium planinodum, Oocorys vadosus, Ecphora wheeleri, Lyria concinna, Scaphella saintjeani, Turricula (Orthosurcula) aequa, and Lucina (Stewartia) micraulax. This fauna is virtually identical at the generic level and similar at the species level to the Vicksburgian faunas of the Gulf Coastal Plain. About 37 percent of the New Bern species also occur in the Vicksburgian of Mississippi, although many of these species reach considerably larger sizes at New Bern. Apparent evolutionary transitions between previously known Vicksburgian and Chickasawhayan mollusks suggest a time of deposition intermediate between these two Oligocene stages.Moderately high molluscan diversity, the abundance of characteristically warm-water genera, and associated carbonate-rich sediments suggest that the lower River Bend Formation represents a subtropical, open-marine, predominantly carbonate environment immediately seaward of a nearshore lagoonal or barrier island complex.The lower River Bend Formation at New Bern differs faunally, climatically, and sedimentologically from the upper River Bend Formation in quarry exposures near Belgrade, North Carolina. The upper River Bend Formation contains a lower diversity molluscan fauna with marked dominance diversity and few warm-water taxa. It represents a slightly cooler nearshore, open-marine environment in a transitional siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentary regime. The considerable taxonomic and sedimentologic differences between the lower and upper parts of the River Bend Formation corroborate microfossil evidence suggesting that they represent temporally distinct depositional cycles.
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Lewin, Iga, Dariusz Halabowski, and Zbigniew Rymarski. "The first records of the occurrence of a North American invader Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939 in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018021.
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The amphipod species Gammarus tigrinus, Sexton 1939 is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. The native range of its occurrence includes oligo- and mesohaline brackish waters with salinity of up to 14‰. Our survey was carried out in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River in Upper Silesia that is the most urbanised and industrialised region in Poland and constitutes one of the largest coal basins in the world. This survey uncovered the first occurrence of G. tigrinus with the maximum density of 1040 individuals m−2 in the tributaries of the upper Vistula River that have been polluted by coal mine water discharge. The occurrence of the invasive alien gastropod species, i.e. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) was also recorded in such salinised water. Our results showed that the anthropogenically salinised tributaries of the upper Vistula River constitute new habitats for euryhaline species and create new migration routes for alien and invasive species.
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Sawicki, Oswald, and Derald G. Smith. "Glacial Lake Invermere, upper Columbia River valley, British Columbia: a paleogeographic reconstruction." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-059.
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Terraces of thick lacustrine silt and deltaic gravel flank parts of the valley floor of the Rocky Mountain Trench between Skookumchuck and Donald, British Columbia. These indicate the presence of former Late Wisconsinan glacial Lake Invermere, which at its maximum extent occupied the Rocky Mountain Trench from Bluewater Creek, 6 km north of Donald, to 7 km north of Skookumchuck. The lake was 210 km long, an average of 2.5 km wide by 100 m deep, and had an area of 530 km2. Retreating glacier ice is interpreted to have formed a dam at the northern end of the lake, and blockage to the south resulted from a sediment valley fill.Glacial Lake Invermere formed as two water bodies, at elevations 885 and 900 m asl, separated by glacier ice. These two water bodies later joined to form a continuous lake at 835 m asl. Evidence of isostatic tilting is absent, suggesting uniform ice thickness and thinning, a pattern contrary to that inferred for other areas of southern British Columbia. After breaching of the valley fill at its south end, the lake terminated with final melting of Rocky Mountain Trench ice. At that time the southerly flow of water reversed to a northerly direction. A radiocarbon date from an adjacent valley indicates the lake drained prior to 10 000 BP.
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Rosenthal, Lorne R. P., and Roger G. Walker. "Lateral and vertical facies sequences in the Upper Cretaceous Chungo Member, Wapiabi Formation, southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-075.
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The Chungo Member of the Wapiabi Formation (Campanian) shales out northward and (or) eastward from Lundbreck to the Bow Valley, southern Alberta. At Lundbreck, basinal mudstones are overlain by turbidite and hummocky cross-stratified sandstones in an overall coarsening-upward sequence. The marine part of the sequence is capped by dominantly swaley cross-stratified sandstones, interpreted as storm-dominated shoreface deposits. Nonmarine fluvial deposits overlie the shoreface. Essentially the same sequence persists northward to the area of the Highwood River, but in the Highwood River – Sheep River – Longview area, the swaley cross-stratified shoreface sandstones are progressively cut out by a north- and (or) east-ward-dipping erosion surface with up to 40 m of relief. The erosion surface is overlain by a lag of chert pebbles and then by a marine coarsening-upward sequence of offshore to shoreface deposits (the lower tongue of the Nomad Member). Nonmarine Chungo deposits then prograded north- and (or) eastward to overlie this marine tongue in the Highwood area. They are in turn abruptly overlain by a gravel-coated transgressive surface marking the upper marine tongue of the Nomad Member. Finally, marine shales of the Nomad Member are abruptly overlain by dominantly fluvial rocks of the Belly River Formation.We suggest that the main Chungo shoreface, stratigraphically equivalent to the Milk River sandstone of southeastern Alberta, prograded north- and (or) eastward to at least the Highwood River area. A rapid relative lowering of sea level followed by stillstand resulted in the formation of the erosion surface and the supply of gravel to the basin. The overlying coarsening-upward sequence indicates the resumption of shoreline progradation, but this appears to have been relatively short-lived; it was terminated by the transgression of the upper Nomad tongue.
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Wei, He, Long Hua Gao, He Qin Chen, and Jiu Fa Li. "Study on Discharge Distribution Ratio Variation of Main Connection Nodes in Pearl River Delta, in Wet Season, China." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1883.
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In recent years,with the high speed development of economy in Pearl River delta, infrastructure investment for water resource,traffic,environmental protection is growing.It is increasingly urgent for understanding river nets system and discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes.Discharge distribution ratio of each nodes is relative to the runoff of upper boundary and the tidal power of lower boundary.The Pearl River estuary is divided into far mouth section,near mouth section and estuary section.Discharge distribution ratio of every section varieties with upper and lower boundary conditions.In this paper,Based on the observational data of June in 1998 and June in 2005,combining with history data,analysis discharge distribution ratio variation of main connection nodes of the Pearl River delta.and set up a mathematical model to simulate flow variation characters.The conclusion is, in recent years Discharge distribution ratio of the east four outlets increases, namely the ratio of West River flowing into North River and North River into the main channel of the Pearl River.with the flood discharge increasing,The ratio of the longitudinal branches occupies the smaller proportion than that of latitude branches.
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Gerber, Gloria E., Robin W. Tweedie, Stephen M. Bean, Stan Thomson, and Zdenek Eisenstein. "Stability of the north slope and portal at the Edmonton light rail transit crossing of the North Saskatchewan River." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-002.
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The North Portal for the Edmonton South Light Rail Transit (SLRT) extension is located on the north slope of the North Saskatchewan River Valley west of the High Level Bridge. There was no evidence that the north slope at this location had experienced major, deep-seated slope movements prior to SLRT construction. Since commencement of the North Portal construction, translational slope movements along near-horizontal bentonite layers within the bedrock have developed. Initiation and acceleration of slope movement are believed to be due to the earthwork activities, coupled with precipitation and associated rise in groundwater table. As an interim measure, four deep wells were installed close to the toe of the upper slope in May 1989. The piezometric levels observed after installation of the wells suggest that the drilling of the wells hydraulically connected the various coal–bentonite layers and effectively lowered the higher perched water in the upper coal?bentonite layer. Subsequent slope inclinometer measurements indicate negligible slope movements since the well installations. This paper describes the detailed geotechnical investigations, slope stability assessments, instrumentation, and monitoring records over a 5-year period during and after construction. The paper also describes the implementation of the stabilizing measures and their effects on slope stability. Key words : South Light Rail Transit, North Saskatchewan River Valley, coal–bentonite layers, slope stability, vertical wells.
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Salomonsen, Inger. "Origin of a deep buried valley system in Pleistocene deposits of the eastern central North Sea." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie C 12 (December 31, 1995): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriec.v12.7106.
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In the North Sea, the sedimentary development of the late Tertiary and early Quaternary was dominated by deltaic sedimentation in a fast subsiding basin. During the Pleistocene, pronounced climatic changes affected the sedimentation of the area and progradation of the delta systems ceased. The Middle and Upper Pleistocene sedimentary successions consist of alternations of marine and fluvial deposits, partly reworked during glacial periods. Seismic records from the Danish sector of the North Sea reveal numerous deep incisions cut down from various levels of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene successions. These incisions are concluded to form a pattern of buried valleys. Detailed seismic stratigraphic analysis shows the occurrence of various internal unconformities within these buried valleys. It is concluded that the valleys originate from a river system developed in periods of repeated sea-level changes. Pluvial erosion during glacial sea-level lowstand and glacial meltwater action is proposed to have been responsible for the origin of the valley system. Thus, in Middle and Upper Pleistocene glacial periods drainage and associated sediment transport occurred from Northwest and Central European land areas via a presently buried river system in the southeastern North Sea towards a depositional basin north and northwest of the Danish North Sea sector.
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Jain, Shaleen, Martin Hoerling, and Jon Eischeid. "Decreasing Reliability and Increasing Synchroneity of Western North American Streamflow." Journal of Climate 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2005): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-3311.1.
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Abstract Assessing climate-related societal vulnerability and mitigating impacts requires timely diagnosis of the nature of regional hydrologic change. A late-twentieth-century emergent trend is discovered toward increasing year-to-year variance (decreasing reliability) of streamflow across the major river basins in western North America—–Fraser, Columbia, Sacramento–San Joaquin, and Upper Colorado. Simultaneously, a disproportionate increase in the incidence of synchronous flows (simultaneous high or low flows across all four river basins) has resulted in expansive water resources stress. The observed trends have analogs in wintertime atmospheric circulation regimes and ocean temperatures, raising new questions on the detection, attribution, and projection of regional hydrologic change induced by climate.
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Wickert, Andrew D., Robert S. Anderson, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Shawn Naylor, and Eric C. Carson. "The Mississippi River records glacial-isostatic deformation of North America." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaav2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav2366.
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The imprint of glacial isostatic adjustment has long been recognized in shoreline elevations of oceans and proglacial lakes, but to date, its signature has not been identified in river long profiles. Here, we reveal that the buried bedrock valley floor of the upper Mississippi River exhibits a 110-m-deep, 300-km-long overdeepening that we interpret to be a partial cast of the Laurentide Ice Sheet forebulge, the ring of flexurally raised lithosphere surrounding the ice sheet. Incision through this forebulge occurred during a single glacial cycle at some time between 2.5 and 0.8 million years before present, when ice-sheet advance forced former St. Lawrence River tributaries in Minnesota and Wisconsin to flow southward. This integrated for the first time the modern Mississippi River, permanently changing continental-scale hydrology and carving a bedrock valley through the migrating forebulge with sediment-poor water. The shape of the inferred forebulge is consistent with an ice sheet ~1 km thick near its margins, similar to the Laurentide Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, and provides evidence of the impact of geodynamic processes on geomorphology even in the midst of a stable craton.
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Gabriel, Gerald, Dietrich Ellwanger, Christian Hoselmann, and Michael Weidenfeller. "Preface: The Heidelberg Basin Drilling Project." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 57, no. 3/4 (April 1, 2009): 253–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.57.3-4.00.
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Abstract. Since Late Pliocene / Early Pleistocene, the River Rhine, as one of the largest European rivers, has acted as the only drainage system that connected the Alps with Northern Europe, especially the North Sea. Along its course from the Alps to the English Channel the river passes several geomorphological and geological units, of which the Upper Rhine Graben acts as the major sediment trap. Whereas the potential of sediment preservation of the alpine foreland basins is low due to the high dynamics of the system, and the area of deposition close to the North Sea was significantly affected several times by Pleistocene sea level changes, the ongoing subsidence of the Upper Rhine Graben offers a unique potential for a continuous sediment accumulation and preservation.
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Zhang, Shunxin. "Late Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy and redefinition of the age of oil shale intervals on Southampton IslandEarth Science Sector Contribution 20100054." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 3 (March 2011): 619–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-089.
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Southampton Island was located on the north margin of the Hudson Bay Basin, one of the largest Paleozoic sedimentary basins in North America. The Upper Ordovician sequence on the island includes the Bad Cache Rapids and Churchill River groups and the Red Head Rapids Formation; the latter contains three oil shale intervals in its lower part, which may have significant potential as hydrocarbon source rocks, but their precise biostratigraphic position remains unclear. Numerous conodont elements from 14 localities allow establishment of four interval zones throughout the Upper Ordovician on Southampton Island: the Belodina confluens and Pseudobelodina v. vulgaris zones in the Bad Cache Rapids Group, which are correlative to the upper Edenian – lowest Richmondian Stage; the Amorphognathus ordovicicus Zone from the uppermost Bad Cache Rapids Group to the top of Churchill River Group to the lower Richmondian Stage; and the Rhipidognathus symmetricus Zone in the Red Head Rapids Formation to the upper Richmondian Stage. The oil shale intervals in the lower Red Head Rapids Formation exposed at Cape Donavan, Sixteen Mile Brook, and Boas River on Southampton Island are correlated with the lower R. symmetricus Zone of the upper Richmondian Stage, not the Maysvillian–Richmondian Stage as previous interpreted. The “Boas River shale” and “Sixteen Mile Brook shale” biostratigraphically and lithostratigraphically equate to the Cape Donovan lower and middle oil shale intervals, respectively. The conodont data and continuous sections across the boundaries between the different lithostratigraphic units have proved the presence of Maysvillian strata on Southampton Island, rather than absence as previously interpreted.
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Stauffer, Mel R., Don J. Gendzwill, and E. Karl Sauer. "Ice-thrust features and the Maymont landslide in the North Saskatchewan River valley." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 27, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e90-023.
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The Battleford glacier created shearing and softening of bedrock clays, contributing to widespread slope instability along the valley of the North Saskatchewan River. The Battleford glacier flowed southeastward down the valley of the North Saskatchewan River during its final stage in west-central Saskatchewan. It created flutings, crevasse fillings, folding and faulting in ice-thrust ridges, and extensive horizontal gouge zones filled with soft, malleable clay. Extensive drilling and testing for the foundations of the Maymont bridge provided definitive data outlining at least three gouge zones. The shallowest gouge zone at an elevation of 465 m defines the base of the most severe glacial folding and deformation of the bedrock in at least one of the ice-thrust ridges. The deeper gouge zones are at about 433 and 438 m elevation. Postglacial landslides (slumps) along the southern side of the North Saskatchewan River are controlled by the gouge zones, which are low-friction slide surfaces along which large horizontal movements took place. Multiple normal faults and graben structures in the landslide mass could have been the mechanism for horizontal movement and extension with little or no rotation. Two main slide masses have been identified: the lower one moved on the middle gouge zone (438 m), and the upper one moved on the upper gouge zone (465 m).
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Sauchyn, David, Jessica Vanstone, and Cesar Perez-Valdivia. "Modes and Forcing of Hydroclimatic Variability in the Upper North Saskatchewan River Basin Since 1063." Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques 36, no. 3 (January 2011): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj3603889.
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Nemeth, Michael W., Stefan W. Kienzle, and James M. Byrne. "Multi-variable verification of hydrological processes in the upper North Saskatchewan River basin, Alberta, Canada." Hydrological Sciences Journal 57, no. 1 (January 2012): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.633917.
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Zhang, Cheng, Guang Yang, and Yong Shu Zhang. "Geologic Characteristics of Reservoir Accumulation in Suganhu Depression in North Margin of Qaidam Basin." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.19.
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Based on the analysis and testing data of rocks, the basic geologic characteristics of Suganhu depression is discussed. It is concluded that the 200m thickness dark mudstone of inshore shallow lake face in the middle–lower Jurassic stratum is the only source rock of this region. It has the characteristics of high abundance of organic matter and in high mature stage. And the type of organic matter is Ⅱ2.The reservoir properties is controlled by the influences of both the sedimentation and the diagenesis and belong to the low porosity and low permeability ones. The mudstone of Upper Jurassic is the local cap, the ones of braided river face and braided river delta face which existed in the up-middle of the middle Jurassic can be qualified as sealing bed between the sand bodies. Paleocene–eocene mudstone is the regional cap rock. The ability of upper Jurassic sealing bed is good because of the low porosity and permeability and high break pressure. The regional cap rock has the characteristics of big thickness and large area. Both the local and regional cap rock had been able to seal the petroleum and gas before the time of hydrocarbon accumulation of middle Jurassic. In general, Mesozoic formed reservoir–cap combination with the features of lower–generation and upper–reservoir, upper–cap.
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Chaiwongsaen, Nikhom, Parisa Nimnate, and Montri Choowong. "Morphological Changes of the Lower Ping and Chao Phraya Rivers, North and Central Thailand: Flood and Coastal Equilibrium Analyses." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0013.
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Abstract The Chao Phraya River flows in the largest river basin of Thailand and represents one of the important agricultural and industrial areas in Southeast Asia. The Ping River is one major upstream branch flowing down slope southwardly, joining the Chao Phraya River in the low-lying central plain and ending its course at the Gulf of Thailand. Surprisingly, the overflow occurs frequently and rapidly at the Lower Ping River where channel slope is high, and in particular area, sand-choked is extensively observed, even in normal rainfall condition. In contrary, at the downstream part, the erosion of river bank and shoreline around the mouth of Chao Phraya River has been spatially increasing in place where there should be a massive sediment supply to form a delta. Here we use Landsat imageries taken in 1987, 1997, 2007 and 2017 to analyze geomorphological changes of rivers. Results show that both rivers have undergone the rapid decreasing of water storage capacity and increasing of sand bar areas in river embayment. The total emerged sand bar area in the Lower Ping River increases from 1987 to 2017 up to 28.8 km2. The excessive trapped bed sediments deposition along the upper reaches is responsible for the shallower of river embankment leading to rapid overflow during flooding. At the Chao Phraya River mouth, a total of 18.8 km2 of the coastal area has been eroded from 1987 to 2017.This is caused by the reducing of sediment supply leading to non-equilibrium in the deltaic zone of the upper Gulf of Thailand. There are several possibility implications from this study involving construction of weir, in-channel sand mining, reservoir sedimentation and coastal erosion management.
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Tkachev, A. A., and Al Al Tkachev. "Turkic burial accompanied by horses from the Upper Irtysh River region." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 3(54) (August 27, 2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2021-54-3-9.
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The second half of the 1st millennium AD is associated with the development and formation of the culture of ancient Turkic peoples, who repeatedly developed several large ethnopolitical associations in the steppe zone of Central Asia. Political and cultural influences of the Turkic state formations were perceived not only by the seden-tary population of the states that existed in the territory of East and Central Asia, but also by further north peoples who lived in the steppe and taiga zones. Under the Turkic influence, or with their direct participation, the Kimako-Kipchak proto-state association began taking shape in the Upper Irtysh River region in the 7th century AD. The initial stage of this process, features of the funeral rite, and characteristic elements of the material culture of the population living in the region are almost unknown due to insufficient exploration of the monuments of the devel-opmental stage of this polyethnic formation. The paper describes the materials of the barrow cemetery of Menov-noye XII, located in the territory of the Upper Irtysh River, 2.1 km southeast of the village of Menovnoye, Tavrichesky district, East Kazakhstan Province. Under the barrow mound, there was a fence with outbuildings containing burials of a man, two horses, and two dogs. The central burial was robbed. The sacrificial pit, located north of the main grave, contained the burial of two horses, laid on their stomachs with their legs tucked under their bodies and with their heads oriented to the east. The buried person was accompanied by two dogs: one was laid across the ceiling of the grave, while the other was buried in a separate pit in an additional annex. The grave goods found with the deceased represented by astragali, a bronze ring, and a fragment of an iron arrowhead. The horse harness included stirrups and iron bits. The bridle belts were adorned with bronze items: bells, triplet plaques, bronze onlays, and belt tip ends. Bronze buckles with iron tongues, which were tucked into clips, were used to adjust the tension of the headband straps. The funeral rite features and analysis of the materials collected during the study of the memorial complex make it possible to associate the burials of the 3rd barrow of the Menov-noye XII with the Early Kimak antiquities within the framework of the Turkic era and to date them to the second half of the 7th — 8th century AD.
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Elias, Robert J., Danita S. Brandt, and T. H. Clark. "Late Ordovician solitary rugose corals of the St. Lawrence Lowland, Québec." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 3 (May 1990): 340–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018540.
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Two species of solitary rugose corals occur in Late Ordovician strata of the St. Lawrence Lowland. Grewingkia canadensis (Billings, 1862) appears in the upper part of the Nicolet River Formation (upper St. Hilaire Member) and is far more common in the overlying Pontgravé River Formation. A single specimen of Streptelasma divaricans (Nicholson, 1875) is known from the Pontgravé River. Their presence confirms that this area is situated within the Richmond Province and that the upper Nicolet River, as well as the Pontgravé River, is Richmondian in age. Solitary Rugosa were introduced to this biogeographic province during an early Richmondian transgression, marked in the upper Nicolet River Formation by a coarser clastic interval. That event permits correlation between the St. Lawrence Lowland in the eastern part of the Richmond Province and the North American type Upper Ordovician (Cincinnatian Series) of the Cincinnati Arch region in the western part of the province.A comparative morphologic, paleoecologic, and biostratinomic analysis of solitary corals indicates that normal, low-energy conditions were interrupted occasionally by high-energy events (probably storms) during deposition of the upper Nicolet River and Pontgravé River Formations. Water depth increased northwestward in the St. Lawrence Lowland area. Deposition of these siliciclastic prodelta to delta front sediments was generally continuous and the sedimentation rate was usually high because of rapid basin subsidence and comparatively close proximity to the Taconic Mountains. In the western part of the Richmond Province, farther from the source area, carbonate as well as clastic sediments accumulated, periods of nondeposition were more frequent, and the sedimentation rate was relatively low. Corals disappeared from the St. Lawrence Lowland area during the Richmondian, when delta top facies of the Bécancour River Formation succeeded the Pontgravé River Formation due to a glacio-eustatic regression and progradation of the Queenston Delta.
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CHEN, HAO, HUI ZHANG, YONGXIA CHEN, and JÖRG FREYHOF. "A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species." Zootaxa 4565, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1.
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The species of the genus Barbatula from north-eastern China are reviewed, based on morphological and molecular characters. A total of ten species are recognized. Barbatula nuda, B. toni, B. gibba, B. potaninorum, B. kirinensis and B. pechiliensis are treated as valid and four new species are described herein. Barbatula zhangwuensis, new species, from northern China, is distinguished by having widely spaced nostrils, a pointed snout, a shallow median incision in the upper lip, a short lateral expansion of the lower lip, the pelvic-fin origin situated behind the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, and no scales on the back and the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin and irregularly set scales on the post-dorsal back and flank. Barbatula liaoyangensis, new species, from the Taizi River (a tributary of the Liao River), is distinguished by having widely spaced nostrils, a blade-shaped lateral expansion of the mental lobe, a shallow median incision in the upper lip, a short lateral expansion of the lower lip and sparsely set scales on the back and the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, but densely set behind. Barbatula emuensis, new species, from the Heilongjiang and Yalu River drainages, is distinguished by having closely set nostrils, a deep median incision in the upper lip, no lateral expansion of the lower lip, and sparsely set scales on the back and the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, but densely set behind. Barbatula linjiangensis, new species, from the Yalu River, is distinguished by having closely set nostrils, a shallow median incision in the upper lip, no lateral expansion of the lower lip, and sparsely set scales on the back and the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin, but densely set behind.
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Seeb, James E., Lisa W. Seeb, David W. Oates, and Fred M. Utter. "Genetic Variation and Postglacial Dispersal of Populations of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in North America." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-068.
Full textAbstract:
We studied the genetic relationships and postglacial dispersal of northern pike (Esox lucius) populations in North America using allozyme data. Allelic products of up to 65 protein coding loci were examined in eight populations: five from drainages in western Canada, flowing into Hudson Bay and the Beaufort Sea; two from the Missouri River drainage, flowing into the Mississippi River; and one from the upper Mississippi River drainage, flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. Only two polymorphic loci were identified, Est-1 and Ck-1, and the average observed heterozygosity was only 0.001, much lower than that observed in most teleosts. All of the populations from the drainages in western Canada and the Missouri River were genetically identical. The Mississippi River population was unique, expressing Ck-1 (140), an allele nearly absent in all other populations, at a frequency of 0.99. Our data suggest that the Missouri River drainage, during the period when it was isolated from the Mississippi River, was the southern refugium from which northern pike radiated during deglaciation.
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Gomez, Basil, and David M. Livingston. "The river it goes right on: Post-glacial landscape evolution in the upper Waipaoa River basin, eastern North Island, New Zealand." Geomorphology 159-160 (July 2012): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.03.006.
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Sekretareva, N. A. "Shrubby willow communities in the upper reaches of the Dlinnaya river (Northern Koryakia of Northeastern Asia)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 1 (2001): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2001.01.36.
Full textAbstract:
The north-eastern part of the Koryak Highlands belongs to the tall «stlanik» (prostrate elfin woodland, composed of Pinus pumila and Alnus fruticosa) subzone which corresponds to the subalpine belt of the North-Asian eastern highlands but holds a zonal position in the cis-Beringian areas. Communities of willow scrub are mostly restricted to river valleys here, because the more competitively strong mountain pine or alder «stlanik» communities play the major role on mountain slopes and their trains. In the upper reaches of the Dlinnaya River willow scrub composed of Salix alaxensis, S. lanata subsp. richardsonii и S. pulchra with herb ground layers are growing in the riverbed-adjoining floodplain and on the low, periodically flooded river terraces. On the terraces of the upper level communities of Salix krylovii, S. pulchra and Betula nana subsp. exilis with dwarfshrubs and mosses in the ground layers are developed. Willow scrub communities occur more seldom at the mountain slope bottoms or on the slope trains; here they wind along the mountain streams.
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Heckert, Andrew B., Nicholas C. Fraser, and Vincent P. Schneider. "A new species ofCoahomasuchus(Archosauria, Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation, Deep River Basin, North Carolina." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.130.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe describe a new species of the aetosaurCoahomasuchus,C.chathamensis, based on an incomplete, but largely articulated, anterior portion of a skeleton recovered from a quarry in the Upper Triassic Pekin Formation of Chatham County, North Carolina. This is only the second documented occurrence ofCoahomasuchus, with the other being the holotype ofC.kahleorumHeckert and Lucas, 1999 from the Upper Triassic Colorado City Formation of Texas. Although much of the specimen is the same size as the holotype ofC.kahleorum, the dorsal paramedian osteoderms of the North Carolina taxon are considerably (~1.3×) wider than homologous counterparts inC.kahleorum, and the ventral thoracic osteoderms are also rectangular (~1.5× wider than long), rather than square, presumably to accommodate the wider body. This is a rare instance where two articulated specimens of closely related aetosaur species are available for direct comparison of homologous osteoderms. Isolated osteoderms with similar ornamentation from the same locality indicate thatC.chathamensismay have been one of the earliest aetosaurs to attain the broad osteoderm proportions (width:length >3.5:1) otherwise known solely from later branching, spinose taxa such asTypothorax. The co-occurrence ofLucasuchusandCoahomasuchusin both North Carolina and Texas supports past correlations indicating an Otischalkian (Carnian) age for these strata and demonstrates that plesiomorphic, non-spinose aetosaur genera were not necessarily endemic to a single basin in North America.
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Liu, Jianwei, Limin Kou, and Qiang Zhou. "Assessment of the feasibility of floodwater utilization in North-East China." Water Policy 18, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 862–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.114.
Full textAbstract:
In order to alleviate the water supply–demand problem, a flood resource utilization strategy is proposed, called ‘Flood Utilization’. The strategy focuses on building large-scale water conservancy facilities and improving management measures. This paper presents the probability analysis of floodwater utilization in a confluence area, where a tributary joins a main river. Baicheng is used as the study area, where the Taoer River joins the Nenjiang River. After a large number of analyses, the main results and conclusions are as follows: First, the upper limit of available floodwater corresponds to the Taoer River's flood with a 5% probability of occurrence. Secondly, there are compensation characteristics between the two rivers which mean that the Nenjiang River can supply water to the Taoer River area. The analysis of monthly runoff, shows that there are compensation characteristics in 50.9% of the data period. The compensation rates (CRs) for the months from June to October are 0.2, 0.27, 0.25, 0.27, and 0.2, respectively. Thirdly, the differences in the runoff characteristics show that it is suitable for floodwater utilization. Finally, it is proposed that floodwater utilization measures are based on local conditions, such as the regional water storage characteristics and the runoff characteristics of the two rivers, and should be applied for different periods.