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Journal articles on the topic 'Upper Senegal River basin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Bâ, Khalidou, Luis Balcázar, Vitali Diaz, Febe Ortiz, Miguel Gómez-Albores, and Carlos Díaz-Delgado. "Hydrological Evaluation of PERSIANN-CDR Rainfall over Upper Senegal River and Bani River Basins." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121884.

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This study highlights the advantage of satellite-derived rainfall products for hydrological modeling in regions of insufficient ground observations such as West African basins. Rainfall is the main input for hydrological models; however, gauge data are scarce or difficult to obtain. Fortunately, several precipitation products are available. In this study, Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) was analyzed. Daily discharges of three rivers of the Upper Senegal basin and one of the Upper Niger basin, as well as water levels of Manantali reservoir were simulated using PERSIANN-CDR as input to the CEQUEAU model. First, CEQUEAU was calibrated and validated using raw PERSIANN-CDR, and second, rainfalls were bias-corrected and the model was recalibrated. In both cases, ERA-Interim temperatures were used. Model performance was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), mean percent bias (MPBIAS), and coefficient of determination (R2). With raw PERSIANN-CDR, most years show good performance with values of NSE > 0.8, R2 > 0.90, and MPBIAS < 10%. However, bias-corrected PERSIANN-CDR did not improve the simulations. The findings of this study can be used to improve the design of dam projects such as the ongoing dam constructions on the three rivers of the Upper Senegal Basin.

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2

Traore, ElHadji, Moussa Camara, CheikhQ Sall, CheikhMbaye Boye, etAdjaRokhaya Diarra, and Saliou Ngom. "NOTE ON AVAILABLE FEED FOR LIVESTOCK IN EASTERN SENEGAL AND UPPER SENEGAL RIVER BASIN." International Journal of Advanced Research 4, no. 5 (August 31, 2016): 2123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/1429.

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3

Bodian, Ansoumana, Alain Dezetter, Abdoulaye Deme, and Lamine Diop. "Hydrological Evaluation of TRMM Rainfall over the Upper Senegal River Basin." Hydrology 3, no. 2 (April 15, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology3020015.

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4

Bodian, Ansoumana, Alain Dezetter, and Honoré Dacosta. "Rainfall-runoff modelling of water resources in the upper Senegal River basin." International Journal of Water Resources Development 32, no. 1 (April 18, 2015): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1026435.

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5

FATY, Abdoulaye, Fernand Kouame, Awa Niang FALL, and Alioune KANE. "Land use dynamics in the context of variations in hydrological regimes in the upper Senegal River basin." International Journal of Hydrology 3, no. 3 (May 9, 2019): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2019.03.00179.

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6

Paugy, D. "Reproductive strategies of fishes in a tropical temporary stream of the Upper Senegal basin: Baoulé River in Mali." Aquatic Living Resources 15, no. 1 (March 2002): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0990-7440(01)01144-5.

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7

Davies, Jamie. "A Slave Who Would be King. Oral Tradition and Archaeology of the Recent Past in the Upper Senegal River Basin." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2016.1254316.

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8

Donnay, Sirio Canós. "A slave who would be king: oral tradition and archaeology of the recent past in the Upper Senegal river basin." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 52, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2016.1260304.

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9

Reid, Sean H. "A Slave Who Would be King: Oral Tradition and Archaeology of the Recent Past in the Upper Senegal River Basin." Historical Archaeology 52, no. 1 (November 2, 2017): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41636-017-0071-x.

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10

de Clercq, D., J. Vercruysse, M. Sène, I. Seck, C. S. M. Sall, A. Ly, and V. R. Southgate. "The effects of irrigated agriculture on the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in the Middle and Upper Valleys of the Senegal River basin." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 94, no. 6 (September 2000): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.2000.11813581.

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11

Robinson, David. "French ‘Islamic’ Policy and Practice in Late Nineteenth-Century Senegal." Journal of African History 29, no. 3 (November 1988): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030565.

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In contrast to the negative conclusions reached by Donal Cruise O'Brien, it is here argued that the French, in the last half of the nineteenth century, maintained an Islamic policy. They practised some of it all of the time and all of it when they had the human and financial resources. They consistently opposed the Islamic state where it conflicted with their own political and economic interests. They identified it with their old nemesis of Futa Toro and the Tokolor, and then with the Tijaniyya. This attitude can be contrasted with a much more tolerant disposition towards the established monarchies, with whom thay coexisted for a much longer time and upon whom they relied to supply the cadre of chiefs.In the case of Umar, the French confronted a jihad that was launched before they began their own expansion in the upper valley, but they contained its influence. They quarantined the Wolof areas and pushed the Umarian state to the margins of their sphere of influence. By allowing much of the younger generation of Tokolor to depart, they turned the preaching of hijra to their own advantage. The French opposed the efforts of Ma Bâ to move into the heart of the peanut basin and the campaigns of the Madiyankobe to block the river trade or disrupt cultivation in Cayor. As soon as Mamadu Lamin mobilized for jihad they responded by driving him out of their gateway to expansion.

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12

Guilpart, Etienne, Vahid Espanmanesh, Amaury Tilmant, and François Anctil. "Combining split-sample testing and hidden Markov modelling to assess the robustness of hydrological models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 4611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4611-2021.

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Abstract. The impacts of climate and land-use changes make the stationary assumption in hydrology obsolete. Moreover, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the future evolution of the Earth’s climate and the extent of the alteration of flow regimes. Climate change impact assessment in the water sector typically involves a modelling chain in which a hydrological model is needed to generate hydrologic projections from climate forcings. Considering the inherent uncertainty of the future climate, it is crucial to assess the performance of the hydrologic model over a wide range of climates and their corresponding hydrologic conditions. In this paper, numerous, contrasted, climate sequences identified by a hidden Markov model (HMM) are used in a differential split-sample testing framework to assess the robustness of a hydrologic model. The differential split-sample test based on a HMM classification is implemented on the time series of monthly river discharges in the upper Senegal River basin in West Africa, a region characterized by the presence of low-frequency climate signals. A comparison with the results obtained using classical rupture tests shows that the diversity of hydrologic sequences identified using the HMM can help with assessing the robustness of the hydrologic model.

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13

Gijanto, Liza. "Jeffrey H. Altschul, Ibrahima Thiaw and Gerald Wait: A Slave Who Would Be King: Oral Tradition and Archaeology of the Recent Past in the Upper Senegal River Basin." African Archaeological Review 34, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-017-9248-0.

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14

Paugy, D., J. F. Guégan, and J. F. Agnèse. "Three simultaneous and independent approaches to the characterization of a new species of Labeo (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) from West Africa." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-167.

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A new species of Labeo (Cuvier, 1817) is defined and described from the Upper Niger River and Upper Senegal (Baoulé) River basins. Although it is diagnosed as a new species, there is some overlap with two other sympatric species, L. coubie and L. senegalensis, in identifying characters. This overlap is sufficient to introduce the alternative possibility that the putative new species is a hybrid. Three separate techniques were used to test the two competing hypotheses: morphological/morphometric analysis, chromosomal/enzymological analysis, and comparative parasitology. These complementary studies were carried out simultaneously but essentially independently, to minimize any scientific bias during the investigation. It was established that the three species can be distinguished by a combination of mouth morphology and meristics (notably gill raker counts). Though all three have the same chromosome number (2N = 50), the new species can be identified allelically by four homozygous loci that are not present in L. coubie and L. senegalensis. This genetic result indicates that the new species is sexually isolated from the other two. Also, calculations of Nei's genetic distance produce an index which is shorter between L. coubie and L. senegalensis than between either of these two and the prospective new species. All three species can be further separated by their specific monogenean gill-parasite complement: L. coubie (five Dogielius spp., seven Dactylogyrus spp.); L. senegalensis (two Dogielius spp., five Dactylogyrus spp.); Labeo roseopunctatus n.sp (1 Dogielius sp., one Dactylogyrus sp.). As a result of these investigations, the idea of hybridism is rejected and a formal taxonomic description of Labeo roseopunctatus n.sp. is included in this paper.

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15

Gurstelle, Andrew W. "A Slave Who Would Be King: Oral Tradition and Archaeology of the Recent Past in the Upper Senegal River Basin. By Jeffrey H. Altschul, Ibrahima Thiaw and Gerald Wait. Archaeopress, Oxford, 2016, 314 pp. ISBN 9781784913519. £60.00 (Paperback)." Journal of African Archaeology 14, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10293.

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16

Shaikh, Nabila, Afifah Rahman-Shepherd, and Osman Dar. "Schistosomiasis in the Senegal River basin." Lancet Planetary Health 2 (May 2018): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(18)30112-8.

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17

Hargreaves, G. Leo, George H. Hargreaves, and J. Paul Riley. "Agricultural Benefits for Senegal River Basin." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 2 (June 1985): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:2(113).

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18

Miller, Max J. "Human schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91, no. 4 (July 1997): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90296-0.

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19

Hargreaves, G. Leo, George H. Hargreaves, and J. Paul Riley. "Irrigation Water Requirements for Senegal River Basin." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 111, no. 3 (September 1985): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1985)111:3(265).

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20

Venema, Henry David, and Eric J. Schiller. "Water Resources Planning for the Senegal River Basin." Water International 20, no. 2 (January 1995): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069508686451.

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21

Southgate, V. R., D. Rollinson, and J. Vercruysse. "Human schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin: a reply." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91, no. 4 (July 1997): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90297-2.

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22

Venema, Henry David, Eric J. Schiller, and Kaz Adamowski. "Evidence of Climate Change in the Senegal River Basin." International Journal of Water Resources Development 12, no. 4 (December 1996): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629650132.

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23

Alam, Undala. "Cooperating internationally over water: explaining l'espace OMVS." Journal of Modern African Studies 50, no. 2 (May 18, 2012): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x12000018.

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ABSTRACTSince the early 1960s, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal have cooperated over the Senegal river. Contrary to the norms of managing international rivers, the riparians have subjugated their sovereignty and incurred national debt to jointly develop the benefits from their shared river, despite intra-basin tensions and conflict. The Senegal experience highlights an alternative path to tackling the consequences of climate change, poor water management and increasing demand. In seeking to explain the intensity of international cooperation displayed in the basin, this article examines the characteristics of international rivers and the Senegal basin's history, and concludes that Pan-Africanism, francophonie and the political leaders' attitudes to regional cooperation shaped l'espace OMVS.

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24

Moss, Charles, Samba Mbaye, Anwar Naseem, and James Oehmke. "Did the Plan Sénégal Emergent Affect Cropping Decisions in the Senegal River Basin?" Economies 6, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6030042.

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One of the basic debates in African development is whether agriculture can be the instrument for the transformation of a rural economy. A common question is whether agricultural policies can provide the impetus to move agriculture in developing economies from subsistence to commercial agriculture. Senegal’s Plan Sénégal Emergent (PSE) provides a data point in this discussion. Senegal and international donors invested in agricultural supply chains starting in 2012 to facilitate the emergence of commercial agriculture for peanuts, rice, and vegetables. This study focuses on these investments in the Senegal River Valley of northern Senegal. The empirical results presented in this study provide evidence that farms in the Senegal River Valley impacted by PSE have moved away from subsistence agriculture by planting more hectares in commercial crops.

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25

Bodian, Ansoumana, Lamine Diop, Geremy Panthou, Honoré Dacosta, Abdoulaye Deme, Alain Dezetter, Pape Malick Ndiaye, Ibrahima Diouf, and Théo Vischel. "Recent Trend in Hydroclimatic Conditions in the Senegal River Basin." Water 12, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020436.

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Analyzing trends of annual rainfall and assessing the impacts of these trends on the hydrological regime are crucial in the context of climate change and increasing water use. This research investigates the recent trend of hydroclimatic variables in the Senegal River basin based on 36 rain gauge stations and three hydrometric stations not influenced by hydraulic structures. The Man Kendall and Pettitt’s tests were applied for the annual rainfall time series from 1940 to 2013 to detect the shift and the general trend of the annual rainfall. In addition, trends of average annual flow rate (AAFR), maximum daily flow (MADF), and low flow rate (LFR) were evaluated before and after annual rainfall shift. The results show that the first shift is situated on average at 1969 whereas the second one is at 1994. While the first shift is very consistent between stations (between 1966 and 1972), there is a significant dispersion of the second change-point between 1984 and 2002. After the second shift (1994), an increase of annual rainfall is noticed compared to the previous period (1969–1994) which indicates a not significant, partial rainfall recovery at the basin level. The relative changes of hydrologic variables differ based on the variables and the sub-basin. Relative changes before and after first change-point are significantly negative for all variables. The highest relative changes are observed for the AAFR. Considering the periods before and second shifts, the relative changes are mainly significantly positive except for the LFR.

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26

Picquet, M., J. C. Ernould, J. Vercruysse, V. R. Southgate, A. Mbaye, B. Sambou, M. Niang, and D. Rollinson. "The epidemiology of human schistosomiasis in the Senegal river basin." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 4 (July 1996): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90501-5.

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27

Fall, Aïdara C. A. Lamine, Jean-Pierre Montoroi, and Karl Stahr. "Coastal acid sulfate soils in the Saloum River basin, Senegal." Soil Research 52, no. 7 (2014): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14033.

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Soils in boundary conditions of contrasting ecosystems generally show unique features. Transition often leads to changes in soil-forming processes, whereby the environment never comes to equilibrium and therefore the soil chemistry and mineralogy show different influences. Such an environment was analysed in the Saloum River basin, west-central Senegal. The objective was to identify the main pedogenic processes prevailing in this saline and acid pedoenvironment and to assess the influence of environmental factors (climate, topography, soil salinity and acidity) on local soil formation and mineral distribution. The terrace landscape is built up by a floodplain, a low terrace, which is still influenced by groundwater, and a middle terrace. The results show that soil properties are strongly influenced by hydrology, salinity and acidity in the entire toposequence: Gleyic Hyposalic and Hypersalic Solonchaks (Sulfatic) in the floodplain, Haplic Gleysols (Thionic) in the low terrace, and Endogleyic Arenosols in the middle terrace. The oxidation of pyrite followed by the redistribution of the main products (Fe2+ and SO42–) represents the major chemical process responsible for iron oxide and jarosite formation. Mineral distribution and crystallinity are linked to the landscape position, which controls the hydrological behaviour and reactions of Fe and S ions. Finally, we observed intrapedon processes such as gleysation, sulfidisation and sulfurisation, as well as interpedon processes such as salinisation, colluvio-alluviation and lateral eluviation. The combination of processes depends strongly on the landscape positions.

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28

Pieterse, Arnold H., Seppo K. Hellsten, Georg A. Janauer, Charles Dieme, Sara Diouf, and Norbert Exler. "Management of aquatic vegetation in the lower Senegal River basin." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 28, no. 2 (July 2002): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2001.11901777.

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29

Esguícero, André Luiz Henríques, and Marlene Sofia Arcifa. "The fish fauna of the Jacaré-Guaçu River basin, Upper Paraná River basin." Biota Neotropica 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000100010.

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This study aimed to evaluate the fish fauna composition and distribution in different environments, up- and downstream the Gavião Peixoto Dam, in the Jacaré-Guaçu River basin. Most of the sampled ichthyofauna is autochthonous, and the majority of the species belongs to the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes. The order Characiformes comprised most of the specimens caught, Astyanax altiparanae being the most abundant species. All the studied environments were characterized by the massive occurrence of accidental species and low similarity between their ichthyofauna. In general, a greater number of species and higher values of the diversity index were observed downstream of the dam. The fish diversity in the studied habitats was positively correlated with the water body depth, and negatively correlated with the water conductivity. This last correlation may be an indicative of the negative influence of the pollution of the Jacaré-Guaçu basin on the local fish fauna.

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30

Rasmussen, Kjeld, Nina Larsen, Fatou Planchon, Jens Andersen, Inge Sandholt, and Sofus Christiansen. "Agricultural systems and transnational water management in the Senegal River basin." Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 99, no. 1 (January 1999): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167223.1999.10649423.

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31

Rasmussen, Kjeld, S. Stisen, J. H. Christensen, and I. Sandholt. "Climate change and water resource management in the Senegal River basin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6, no. 29 (February 1, 2009): 292055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/6/29/292055.

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32

Ndiaye, Papa Malick, Ansoumana Bodian, Lamine Diop, Abdoulaye Deme, Alain Dezetter, Koffi Djaman, and Andrew Ogilvie. "Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data." Water 12, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071957.

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Understanding evapotranspiration and its long-term trends is essential for water cycle studies, modeling and for water uses. Spatial and temporal analysis of evapotranspiration is therefore important for the management of water resources, particularly in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) as well as its sensitivity to climatic variables in the Senegal River basin. Mann-Kendall’s test and Sen’s slope were used to detect trends and amplitude changes in ET0 and climatic variables that most influence ET0. Results show a significant increase in annual ET0 for 32% of the watershed area over the 1984–2017 period. A significant decrease in annual ET0 is observed for less than 1% of the basin area, mainly in the Sahelian zone. On a seasonal scale, ET0 increases significantly for 32% of the basin area during the dry season and decreases significantly for 4% of the basin during the rainy season. Annual maximum, minimum temperatures and relative humidity increase significantly for 68%, 81% and 37% of the basin, respectively. However, a significant decrease in wind speed is noted in the Sahelian part of the basin. The wind speed decrease and relative humidity increase lead to the decrease in ET0 and highlight a “paradox of evaporation” in the Sahelian part of the Senegal River basin. Sensitivity analysis reveals that, in the Senegal River basin, ET0 is more sensitive to relative humidity, maximum temperature and solar radiation.

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33

Gubiani, Éder André, Arlei José Holzbach, Gilmar Baumgartner, Leontino Borges de Rezende Neto, and Fernando Bergmann. "Fish, Piquiri River, Upper Paraná River basin, Paraná state, Brazil." Check List 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/2.3.9.

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34

Wise, Erika K., Connie A. Woodhouse, Gregory J. McCabe, Gregory T. Pederson, and Jeannine-Marie St-Jacques. "Hydroclimatology of the Missouri River Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0155.1.

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Abstract Despite the importance of the Missouri River for navigation, recreation, habitat, hydroelectric power, and agriculture, relatively little is known about the basic hydroclimatology of the Missouri River basin (MRB). This is of particular concern given the droughts and floods that have occurred over the past several decades and the potential future exacerbation of these extremes by climate change. Here, observed and modeled hydroclimatic data and estimated natural flow records in the MRB are used to 1) assess the major source regions of MRB flow, 2) describe the climatic controls on streamflow in the upper and lower basins , and 3) investigate trends over the instrumental period. Analyses indicate that 72% of MRB runoff is generated by the headwaters in the upper basin and by the lowest portion of the basin near the mouth. Spring precipitation and temperature and winter precipitation impacted by changes in zonal versus meridional flow from the Pacific Ocean play key roles in surface water supply variability in the upper basin. Lower basin flow is significantly correlated with precipitation in late spring and early summer, indicative of Atlantic-influenced circulation variability affecting the flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Although increases in precipitation in the lower basin are currently overriding the effects of warming temperatures on total MRB flow, the upper basin’s long-term trend toward decreasing flows, reduction in snow versus rain fraction, and warming spring temperatures suggest that the upper basin may less often provide important flow supplements to the lower basin in the future.

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35

Verlé, P., F. Stelma, P. Desreumaux, A. Dieng, O. Diaw, A. Kongs, M. Niang, et al. "Preliminary study of urinary schistosomiasis in a village in the delta of the Senegal river basin, Senegal." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, no. 4 (July 1994): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90400-6.

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36

CHEVALIER, V., A. DUPRESSOIR, A. TRAN, O. M. DIOP, C. GOTTLAND, M. DIALLO, E. ETTER, et al. "Environmental risk factors of West Nile virus infection of horses in the Senegal River basin." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 11 (February 23, 2010): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881000035x.

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SUMMARYIn 2005, a serological study was carried out on horses in five ecologically contrasted zones of the Senegal River basin (Senegal) to assess West Nile virus (WNV) transmission and investigate underlying environmental risk factors. In each study zone, horses were randomly selected and blood samples taken. A land-cover map of the five study areas was built using two satellite ETM+ images. Blood samples were screened by ELISA for anti-WNV IgM and IgG and positive samples were confirmed by seroneutralization. Environmental data were analysed using a principal components analysis. The overall IgG seroprevalence rate was 85% (n=367; 95% CI 0·81–0·89). The proximity to sea water, flooded banks and salted mudflats were identified as protective factors. These environmental components are unfavourable to the presence of Culex mosquitoes suggesting that in Senegal, the distribution of the vector species is more limiting for WNV transmission than for the hosts' distribution.

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37

Vedula, S. "Optimal irrigation planning in river basin development: The case of the Upper Cauvery river basin." Sadhana 8, no. 2 (March 1985): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02811895.

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38

Dowd, Anne S., and David Vlcek. "Lithic Sources in Wyoming's Upper Green River Basin." North American Archaeologist 34, no. 4 (October 2013): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.34.4.d.

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39

Barnett, F. Anthony, Stephen T. Gray, and Glenn A. Tootle. "Upper Green River Basin (United States) Streamflow Reconstructions." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 15, no. 7 (July 2010): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000213.

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40

McGinnis, David L. "Synoptic controls on upper Colorado River basin snowfall." International Journal of Climatology 20, no. 2 (February 2000): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(200002)20:2<131::aid-joc465>3.0.co;2-h.

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41

Clement, Charles Roland, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Alessandro Alves-Pereira, Gilda Santos Mühlen, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Priscila Ambrósio Moreira, Juliana Lins, and Vanessa Maciel Reis. "Crop domestication in the upper Madeira River basin." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 11, no. 1 (April 2016): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981.81222016000100010.

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Abstract Most native Amazonian crops were domesticated in the periphery of the basin. The upper Madeira River basin is an important part of this periphery where several important crops were domesticated and others are suspected to have been domesticated or arrived early. Some of these crops have been reasonably well studied, such as manioc, peanut, peach palm, coca and tobacco, while others are not as well known, such as the hot peppers Capsicum baccatum and C. frutescens, and still others need confirmation, such as cocoyam and annatto. We review the information available for manioc, peach palm, Capsicum, peanut, annatto and cocoyam. The state-of-the-art for Capsicum frutescens, annatto and cocoyam is insufficient to conclude definitively that they were domesticated in the upper Madeira, while all the others have at least one of their origins or centers of diversity in the upper Madeira.

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42

Shelton, M. L. "Hydroclimate Heterogeneity in the Upper Deschutes River Basin." Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 61, no. 1 (1999): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pcg.1999.0010.

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Bhuiyan, Jabed A. N., Flemming Jakobsen, Abu S. Khan, and Salim Bhuiyan. "Flood Characteristics of Upper Meghna River Basin, Bangladesh." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 30, no. 4 (January 2010): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2010.11442601.

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Knapp, H. Vernon. "Hydrologic Trends in the Upper Mississippi River Basin." Water International 19, no. 4 (December 1994): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069408686230.

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Klein, Micha. "Water Balance of the Upper Jordan River Basin." Water International 23, no. 4 (December 1998): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508069808686778.

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Fernández Bou, A. S., R. Ventura De Sá, and M. Cataldi. "Flood forecasting in the upper Uruguay River basin." Natural Hazards 79, no. 2 (July 16, 2015): 1239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-1903-7.

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Li, Siyue, Zhifang Xu, Hao Wang, Jianhua Wang, and Quanfa Zhang. "Geochemistry of the upper Han River basin, China." Chemical Geology 264, no. 1-4 (June 2009): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.02.021.

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Fall, Aïdara C. A. Lamine. "Sustainable management of coastal saline soils in the Saloum river Basin, Senegal." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 11, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v11i4.39.

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Gordon, Scott W., M. A. Calvo-Wilson, J. P. Digoutte, Ralph F. Tammariello, David J. Dohm, and Kenneth J. Linthicum. "Arbovirus Isolations from Mosquitoes Collected During 1988 in the Senegal River Basin." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 47, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.742.

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Andersen, Jens, Jens C. Refsgaard, and Karsten H. Jensen. "Distributed hydrological modelling of the Senegal River Basin — model construction and validation." Journal of Hydrology 247, no. 3-4 (July 2001): 200–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(01)00384-5.

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