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Journal articles on the topic 'Upward and downward social comparison subscales'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Ozimek, Phillip, Hans-Werner Bierhoff, and Elke Rohmann. "How Downward and Upward Comparisons on Facebook Influence Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissists’ Self-Esteem—A Priming Study." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11030039.

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Past research showed that social networking sites represent perfect platforms to satisfy narcissistic needs. The present study aimed to investigate how grandiose (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN) as well as social comparisons are associated with Facebook activity, which was measured with a self-report on three activity dimensions: Acting, Impressing, and Watching. In addition, the state self-esteem (SSE) was measured with respect to performance, social behavior, and appearance. One hundred and ten participants completed an online survey containing measures of SSE and Facebook activity and a

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Michinov, Nicolas, and Louis Bavent. "Upward Persistence and Downward Desistence: Some Reactions to Social-Comparison Deprivation after a Threat." European Psychologist 6, no. 2 (2001): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.6.2.112.

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Laboratory and field research has shown that people prefer either downward or upward comparison after a threatening experience. Downward comparison is generally used to protect self-esteem immediately after a threat. It can be regarded as a short-term self-protection strategy. Upward comparison is often used to see whether it is possible to improve a situation by finding similarities with more fortunate people. It can be regarded as a long-term self-improvement strategy. It was assumed here that deprivation of downward and upward comparison after a threat would generate different degrees of in

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Michinov, Nicolas, and Jean-Marc Monteil. "UPWARD OR DOWNWARD COMPARISON AFTER FAILURE. THE ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 25, no. 4 (1997): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.4.389.

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What leads people to select an upward or a downward social comparison after a threat? This experiment examines a basic interpretation proposed in the literature according to which, in a threatening situation, the choice of direction for a social comparison, upward or downward, depends on the self-improvement or self-enhancement goals pursued by the subjects. The results provide empirical support for this interpretation and show that diagnostic information about the target can change the direction of social comparison. Indeed, when the diagnostic information allows subjects to hold out some hop

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Foley, Sharon, Hang-yue Ngo, and Raymond Loi. "Antecedents and consequences of upward and downward social comparisons." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 24, no. 1 (2016): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2014-0743.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend and test a theory of uncertainty and directional social comparisons. Prior studies have posited that uncertainty leads to increased upward and downward social comparisons. The authors ' view is that uncertainty affects upward and downward comparisons differentially. They test their theory in the Chinese workplace, and focus specifically on employees’ comparisons of career progress. Workplace consequences of social comparisons are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The authors achieve their objectives by collecting data from respond

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Gibbons, Frederick X., and Meg Gerrard. "Effects of Upward and Downward Social Comparison on Mood States." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 8, no. 1 (1989): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1989.8.1.14.

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6

Taylor, Shelley E., and Marci Lobel. "Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts." Psychological Review 96, no. 4 (1989): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.96.4.569.

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Lee, Hannah S., and David A. Griffith. "Social Comparison in Retailer–Supplier Relationships: Referent Discrepancy Effects." Journal of Marketing 83, no. 2 (2019): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242918823542.

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Social comparisons among suppliers connected through a common retailer pose significant management challenges for the retailer. For instance, a focal supplier’s social comparison can result in upward or downward referent discrepancy, decreasing or increasing perceptions of distributive fairness, respectively, subject to the tie strength of the relationship. Because decreasing perceptions of distributive fairness can be harmful to the retailer–supplier relationship, the authors examine the use of tie strength and timing of explanations as actions a retailer can take to mitigate such perceptions

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Michinov, Nicolas. "WHEN DOWNWARD COMPARISON PRODUCES NEGATIVE AFFECT: THE SENSE OF CONTROL AS A MODERATOR." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 5 (2001): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.5.427.

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It has been assumed that engaging in upward or downward comparison can either improve or deteriorate affect, depending on the amount of control individuals feel they have over the comparison dimension. The main goal of the present study was to determine whether an individual difference factor such as the sense of control can moderate the relationship between social comparison and affect. The results showed that for downward comparison, the lower the participants scored on the sense of control, the higher the negative affect they experienced. Unexpectedly, the sense of control was unrelated to

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9

Sherrard, Carol A. "Elderly Wellbeing and the Psychology of Social Comparison." Ageing and Society 14, no. 3 (1994): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001628.

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ABSTRACTTwenty-two elderly retired people were interviewed for their beliefs about the sources of wellbeing in old age. Manual and Professional social class responses were compared, controlling for age, gender and health status. Respondents' free discourse was characterised by spontaneous social comparisons of the self with other people. In Social Comparison Theory, these serve as a means of self-assessment or wellbeing-enhance-ment. The comparison statements were analysed by Direction, Target, Dimension, and Wellbeing Yield. Significant class differences were apparent. Both groups compared Do

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Tiggemann, Marika, and Janet Polivy. "Upward and Downward: Social Comparison Processing of Thin Idealized Media Images." Psychology of Women Quarterly 34, no. 3 (2010): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.01581.x.

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Dumas, F., J. Fagot, K. Davranche, and N. Claidière. "Other better versus self better in baboons: an evolutionary approach of social comparison." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1855 (2017): 20170248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0248.

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Comparing oneself with others is an important characteristic of human social life, but the link between human and non-human forms of social comparison remains largely unknown. The present study used a computerized task presented in a social context to explore psychological mechanisms supporting social comparison in baboons and compare major findings with those usually observed in humans. We found that the effects of social comparison on subject's performance were guided both by similarity (same versus different sex) and by task complexity. Comparing oneself with a better-off other (upward comp

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Hui, Anna, Sing Lau, Chun Sau Li, Toby Tong, and Jie-Lian Zhang. "A CROSS-SOCIETAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BEIJING AND HONG KONG CHILDREN'S SELF-CONCEPT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 5 (2006): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.5.511.

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This was a cross-sectional comparative study of the self-concept of Beijing and Hong Kong grade three and five children. Beijing students scored much higher than Hong Kong students on the academic, social, physical and general domains and all the perspectives of parental appraisal, school appraisal, upward comparison and downward comparison. Boys were higher than girls on all domains, and on upward and downward comparison. Grade 3 students were higher than grade 5 students on the academic and physical domains and the perspectives of parental and school appraisal. Patterns of difference were fo

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Reis, Theresa J., Meg Gerrard, and Frederick X. Gibbons. "Social Comparison and the Pill: Reactions to Upward and Downward Comparison of Contraceptive Behavior." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1993): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167293191002.

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Frans, Willem Winkel, and Monique R. Renssen. "A Pessimistic Outlook on Victims and an ‘Upward Bias’ in Social Comparison Expectations of Victim Support Workers Regarding their Clients." International Review of Victimology 5, no. 3-4 (1998): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809800500401.

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Social psychological studies have documented various biases and misperceptions held by helpers that can seriously undermine the therapeutic value of client oriented interventions. In the context of support given to victims of crime and of traffic accidents the present study focused on one bias in particular, namely the support worker' upward bias. This misperception refers to an incorrect expectation on the part of support workers — volunteers working for the Netherlands Victim Support (NVS) in this study — regarding the direction of victims' social comparison processes: they tended to expect

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Zell, Ethan, and Jason E. Strickhouser. "Comparisons Across Dimensions, People, and Time: On the Primacy of Social Comparison in Self-Evaluations." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 6 (2020): 791–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619884564.

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People often consider how their performance in one domain compares to their performance in other domains, the performance of other people, and their past performance (i.e., dimensional, social, and temporal comparison). The present research is the first to test whether social comparisons have a significantly larger effect on self-evaluations than dimensional and temporal comparisons. Study 1 participants received downward versus upward dimensional, social, and temporal comparison feedback ( N = 393). Study 2 participants received downward versus upward comparison feedback for one type and late

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Herachwati, Nuri, Jovi Sulistiawan, Zainiyah Alfirdaus, and Mario Gonzales B. N. "The effects of perceived organizational support and social comparison on work attitudes." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 1 (2018): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.02.

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This study is based on the results of a survey research conducted by JobStreet Indonesia on its members, which has surprisingly found that more than 70% of employees lack clarity on the goals of their career. Drawing from the social exchange theory, employees tend to show positive work attitudes when they perceive that their organization paid attention to them. The objective of this study is to assess how significant the influence of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) is on career satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Besides organizational perspective, as stated

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Tosun, Leman Pinar, Ahu Öztürk, and Gamze Özdemir. "Mother to mother: Mothers’ social comparison-based emotions on social networking sites." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 16, no. 4 (2020): 602–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i4.2159.

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Social networking sites (SNSs) are platforms where people make social comparisons very frequently, and because of those comparisons, they have the potential for evoking a wide range of emotions. According to typology of social comparison-based emotions, the emotions felt after social comparisons may vary according to the direction of comparison (upward vs. downward) as well as the internal process that triggered by those comparisons (assimilation vs. contrast). The current study aims to examine the mothers' emotions they felt after social comparisons they make with other mothers on the SNSs, a

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Shin, Jiseon, Hyunjoo Lee, Eunsun Ahn, and Young Woo Sohn. "Effects of interaction between social comparison and state goal orientation on task performance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 3 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8032.

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Drawing on social comparison theory, we explored the effects of the interaction between state goal orientation and directional social comparison on individuals' task performance. In most goal achievement situations, individuals are likely to perform in a social context, which warrants investigation of how the interplay between goal characteristics and surrounding social stimuli influences their performance. We conducted a state-based experiment with 162 undergraduate students, utilizing a 3 (state goal orientation: learning, prove performance, avoid performance) × 2 (social comparison: upward

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Lee, Juil, Mooweon Rhee, and Kyung Min Park. "Looking backward through the looking glass: Reference groups and social comparison." Journal of Management & Organization 26, no. 1 (2018): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.58.

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AbstractScholars often assume that reference groups are industry-wide, homogeneous, and stable. We examine this assumption and suggest hypotheses based on managers’ motivations such as self-enhancement and self-improvement, social identity, and affiliation-based impression management. We test hypotheses on failure-induced changes in reference groups and their direction in terms of upward and downward comparisons. An empirical examination of changes in reference groups for firms listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index between 1993 and 2008 shows that performance below social aspiration

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Gratz, Kim L., Julia R. Richmond, Keith A. Edmonds, Jason P. Rose, and Matthew T. Tull. "INTEGRATING SOCIAL COMPARISON INTO THE UNDERSTANDING OF EMOTION REGULATION IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 39, no. 8 (2020): 727–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2020.39.8.727.

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Introduction: Theory and research suggest the need to expand research on emotion regulation (ER) within borderline personality disorder (BPD). This research examined the relations of BPD symptoms to interpersonal (venting, reassurance-seeking) and socially-oriented (social comparison) ER strategies (in addition to acceptance and avoidance), and explored the role of trait social comparison orientation (SCO) in these relations. Methods: In Study 1, a nationwide community sample of women completed questionnaires. In Study 2, a university sample of young women completed questionnaires and an onlin

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Caricati, Luca. "Upward and downward comparison in the intermediate-status group: The role of social stratification stability." British Journal of Social Psychology 51, no. 2 (2011): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02054.x.

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Day, Lisa C., Amy Muise, and Emily A. Impett. "Is Comparison the Thief of Joy? Sexual Narcissism and Social Comparisons in the Domain of Sexuality." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 2 (2017): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216678862.

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Are people who are high in sexual narcissism more sensitive to information comparing their sex lives with the sex lives of others? Does this sensitivity explain narcissists’ lower sexual and relationship satisfaction? We conducted three studies to address this question. Participants completed the Sexual Narcissism Scale (Widman & McNulty, 2010), and then either recalled (Study 1), imagined (Study 2), or actually made (Study 3) a sexual comparison. We found that people high in sexual narcissism (compared with those lower in sexual narcissism) were more bothered when comparing themselves wit

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Buunk, Bram P., and Jan F. Ybema. "Feeling bad, but satisfied: The effects of upward and downward comparison upon mood and marital satisfaction." British Journal of Social Psychology 42, no. 4 (2003): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466603322595301.

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Ye, Yinghua, Weihui Mei, Yaoyao Liu, and Xiuming Li. "Effect of Academic Comparisons on the Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Secondary School Students." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 8 (2012): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.8.1233.

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We studied the effect of academic comparisons on the subjective well-being (SWB) of 330 students from 3 Chinese secondary schools. The results showed that the SWB of Chinese secondary school students (a) is relatively low; (b) is affected primarily by 4 demographic factors, namely, grade, gender, academic achievements, and family financial background; and (c) is significantly affected by academic comparisons in that self-comparison, upward comparison, and parallel comparison have a positive impact on SWB, and downward comparison has a negative impact on SWB. Both parents and teachers should gu

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Morry, Marian M., Kenny C. Chee, Trinda L. Penniston, and Tamara A. Sucharyna. "Relationship social comparisons: Comparison interpretations and attributions as predictors of relationship quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 4 (2018): 1069–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518755018.

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How individuals interpret a relationship social comparison is important to their relationship quality. We asked whether relationship social comparison interpretations (RSCIs) differ from relationship attributions. Individuals were randomly assigned to compare their dating relationship to a friend’s relationship that was doing better (upward comparison) or worse (downward comparison) than their own. Individuals then completed measures for the RSCI and attributions for their own relationship success/failure (Study 1) and attributions for their friend’s relationship success/failure (Study 2). Cor

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Stanton, Annette L., Sharon Danoff-Burg, Christine L. Cameron, Pamela R. Snider, and Sarah B. Kirk. "Social comparison and adjustment to breast cancer: An experimental examination of upward affiliation and downward evaluation." Health Psychology 18, no. 2 (1999): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.18.2.151.

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Liu, Yu-Lun, and Ching-Jui Keng. "Cognitive Dissonance, Social Comparison, and Disseminating Untruthful or Negative Truthful Ewom Messages." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 6 (2014): 979–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.6.979.

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In this research we explored consumers' intentions to provide untruthful or negative truthful electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) messages when undergoing conflicting cognitive dissonance and after experiencing social comparison. We recruited 480 Taiwanese Internet users to participate in a scenario-based experiment. The findings show that after making downward comparisons on the Internet, consumers with high cognitive dissonance were more inclined to disseminate negative truthful eWOM messages compared to consumers with low cognitive dissonance. After making upward comparisons, it was found that

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Liao, Tim Futing. "Income Inequality, Social Comparison, and Happiness in the United States." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312098564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120985648.

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Using social comparison theory, I investigate the relation between experienced happiness and income inequality. In the analysis, I study happiness effects of the individual-level within-gender-ethnicity comparison-based Gini index conditional on a state’s overall inequality, using a linked set of the March 2013 Current Population Survey and the 2013 American Time Use Survey data while controlling major potential confounders. The findings suggest that individuals who are positioned to conduct both upward and downward comparison would feel happier in states where overall income inequality is hig

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Terol Cantero, M. Carmen, Miguel Bernabé, Maite Martín-Aragón, Carolina Vázquez, and Abraham P. Buunk. "Social Comparison and Stress Appraisal in Women with Chronic Illness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (2021): 5483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105483.

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(1) Background: The present study examined how social comparison orientation, stress appraisal and different social comparison strategies interact in women facing chronic illness. (2) Methods: Assessments were conducted by a trained professional in face-to face semistructured interviews (n = 179 women with chronic illness). Main outcome measures included social comparison scales and a stress appraisal questionnaire. The mediation model, by a bootstrapping procedure, was used to analyze the interaction among variables. (3) Results: Regarding the relationships among variables studied, they were

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Huguet, Pascal, Michèle Carlier, Conor V. Dolan, Eco J. de Geus, and Dorret I. Boomsma. "Social Comparison Orientation in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 20, no. 6 (2017): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2017.61.

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Twin research has offered evidence that monozygotic (MZ) twins are more socially close than dizygotic (DZ) twins, but has not paid much attention to the way twins compare themselves with their co-twin. The few studies in this area suggest that ‘horizontal comparisons’ (social comparison motivated by solidarity or communion with others) matter more for MZ twins than for DZ twins, at least when the co-twin is the social comparison standard. Consistent with this view, we predicted higher interest in MZ twins relative to DZ twins to select their co-twin rather than other people in general as the s

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Bègue, Laurent. "SELF-ESTEEM REGULATION IN THREATENING SOCIAL COMPARISON: THE ROLES OF BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD AND SELF-EFFICACY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 33, no. 1 (2005): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.1.69.

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In this study, the author hypothesized that a high belief in a just world for Self (BJW-S), coupled with high perceived self-efficacy, would contribute to preservation of self-esteem in threatening social comparison. Participants (N=186) completed the General Self-Efficacy Scale (Walliser, Schwartzer, & Jerusalem, 1993) and the BJW-S and BJW for Others (BJWO) scales (Lipkus, Dalbert, & Siegler, 1996). They were then given either an upward (unfavorable) or downward (favorable) social comparison in the academic field. The results suggested that BJW-S (but not BJW-O) coupled with high sel

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Kim, Eun Young, Sunhae Sul, Min Woo Lee, et al. "Effects of Oxytocin on Social Comparisons in Intergroup Situations." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091227.

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Oxytocin (OXT) is known to affect various social processes, including social comparisons and intergroup competition. In this study, we examined whether social comparisons in intergroup situations can be modulated by OXT and, if so, how this modulation manifests. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, we randomly assigned male participants to either OXT or placebo treatment and then asked them to play a card game with either an in-group or an out-group member. The OXT-treated participants showed a greater social comparison effect in the games with an out-group member than in games with

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Li, Miao, Ying Hua, and Junxuan Zhu. "From Interactivity to Brand Preference: The Role of Social Comparison and Perceived Value in a Virtual Brand Community." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020625.

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The main purpose of the paper is to examine whether and how perceived interactivity in a virtual brand community affects brand preference to realize the sustainable development of the brand. In this study, we propose and empirically test a theoretical model by analyzing data collected from online brand community members in China. The study confirms that (1) perceived interactivity has a positive effect on social value, emotional value, and informational value; (2) social value, emotional value, and informational value positively influence brand preference; (3) upward social comparison positive

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Li, Miao, Ying Hua, and Junxuan Zhu. "From Interactivity to Brand Preference: The Role of Social Comparison and Perceived Value in a Virtual Brand Community." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020625.

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The main purpose of the paper is to examine whether and how perceived interactivity in a virtual brand community affects brand preference to realize the sustainable development of the brand. In this study, we propose and empirically test a theoretical model by analyzing data collected from online brand community members in China. The study confirms that (1) perceived interactivity has a positive effect on social value, emotional value, and informational value; (2) social value, emotional value, and informational value positively influence brand preference; (3) upward social comparison positive

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Balaban, Delia Cristina, and Dorin Francisc Spoaller. "How Social Comparison on Instagram Affects Well-Being. Perspectives from a Study Conducted During the Lockdown." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ephemerides 65, no. 2 (2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeph.2020.2.01.

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"During the Spring of 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries ordered lockdowns. The limitations of movement contributed to the rise of social media activity. The present research focused on how the active use of Instagram had an impact on well-being during the first lockdown in Romania. Aiming to explore how active Instagram use contributes to users' self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and loneliness during an unprecedented situation of a lockdown, we conducted an online survey in April 2020 on young adults (N=411) in Romania. Findings showed that actively using Instagram during t

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Mechi, Aneta, and Margarita Sanchez-Mazas. "WHO STRIVES AND WHO GIVES UP? THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMPARISON DISTANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT GOALS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING INVESTMENT." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 48, no. 1 (2012): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.48.107.

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The current survey tests the effects of social comparison distance on investment in learning. The social comparison is known to have two directions: upward and downward. It is hypothesized that, apart from these two directions, there are two distances: moderate and extreme. These distances are supposed to have an impact on the learning investment (when students will strive) or the disinvestment (when they will not make a great effort). Globally, students seem to put more effort in the case of moderate-distance conditions than in the case of extreme-distance conditions. However, the effect of d

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Dennison, Christopher R. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Educational Mobility and Crime." Race and Justice 11, no. 1 (2018): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368718772330.

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Increases in postsecondary enrollment among minorities, decreases among Whites, and the growing concern of downward intergenerational mobility in the United States suggest potentially meaningful variation in the role of education on well-being across the life course. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study examines the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility (i.e., a comparison of one’s educational achievements to those of one’s parents’) and crime, as well as the degree to which this association is moderated by race

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Luo, Yi, Simon B. Eickhoff, Sébastien Hétu, and Chunliang Feng. "Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons." Human Brain Mapping 39, no. 1 (2017): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23854.

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Zheng, Xiaoying, Ernest Baskin, and Siqing Peng. "The spillover effect of incidental social comparison on materialistic pursuits." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 5/6 (2018): 1107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-04-2016-0208.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine whether social comparison in a prior, nonconsumption circumstance (e.g. in an academic setting) affects consumers’ materialism and subsequent spending propensity, and explores the incidental feeling of envy as the underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach Four experiments have been conducted to test these hypotheses. Study 1 manipulated social comparison in an academic domain, and measured undergraduate students’ materialism after they compared themselves to a superior student or to an inferior student. Study 2 used a recall task to manipulate social

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Delelis, Gérald, and Caroline Desombre. "Inter-Group Interactions and Coping: Similar Processes. A Similar Base?" Swiss Journal of Psychology 64, no. 2 (2005): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.64.2.73.

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This paper provides a brief review of the literature on inter-group relations and coping. It aims to try and bring together arguments for treating inter-group behaviours as coping activities. Differences and similarities between the two corpuses are considered. Some evidence for our proposal is also presented in terms of (a) search for similarity, (b) social comparison (and whether or not it is upward or downward comparison), and (c) links between emotions and inter-group relations. The concluding comments leave the matter open to further discussion and evidence but raise the question of the r

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Mahler, Heike I. M., James A. Kulik, Meg Gerrard, and Frederick X. Gibbons. "Effects of upward and downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment." Journal of Behavioral Medicine 33, no. 6 (2010): 496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9279-3.

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Jamal, Al-Ghouthani, and Alyounes Abdulmonem. "Comparison of Pre-Operative Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Followed by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Intraoperative Cholangiography in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 5 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p131.

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Despite rapid economic growth during the last half of the twentieth century, gender inequality has remained high in Korea. Using data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), previous research found that gender differences in sociostructural and psychosocial factors contributed to a substantial female excess in poor self-rated health. To the extent that women’s overall social status relative to men has improved over time in Korea, it is possible that the gender gap in perceived health has decreased. This study used repeated cross-sectional KNHANES data f

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Paterson, Lindsay, and Cristina Iannelli. "Patterns of Absolute and Relative Social Mobility: A Comparative Study of England, Wales and Scotland." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 6 (2008): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1637.

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We use the British Household Panel Study to analyse change over birth cohorts in patterns of social mobility in England, Scotland and Wales. In several respects, our conclusions are similar to those reached by other authors on the basis of wider comparisons. There has been a large growth in non-manual employment since the middle of the twentieth century. This led first to a rise in upward mobility, but, as parents of younger people have now themselves benefited from that, has more recently forced people downward from their middle-class origins. These changes have largely not been a growth in r

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Zhou, Yang. "Understanding job mobility patterns in contemporary China: A comparative study based on the China Family Panel Studies and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics." Chinese Journal of Sociology 5, no. 4 (2019): 453–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x19871909.

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Based on a comparison between labor markets in China and those in the USA and using data from the China Family Panel Studies and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper studies the level, distribution and socioeconomic patterns of job mobility in contemporary China. I first discuss the different social contexts in China and the USA that have generated distinct opportunity structures of job mobility. Differences in levels of economic development, cultural traditions and institutional arrangements help to shape different labor markets and job mobility patterns across the two societies. I

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Davis, Brooke, Bernadette Moore, and Dorothy Bruck. "The Meanings of Sleep: Stories from Older Women in Care." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 5 (2007): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1620.

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This paper analyses data from a two phase project which utilizes a mixed methods design to investigate the construct of ‘good’ and ‘poor’ sleep quality amongst older women in Australian residential care. Phase one of the study demonstrates the lack of congruence between quantitative measures of sleep behaviour and self categorizations by the participants as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ sleepers. This lack of congruence is explored in the second phase of the project where semi structured interviews investigate the process by which self categorizations emerge. Interview data ratifies the findings of phase o

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Engeln-Maddox, Renee, Rachel H. Salk, and Steven A. Miller. "Assessing Women’s Negative Commentary on Their Own Bodies." Psychology of Women Quarterly 36, no. 2 (2012): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684312441593.

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Our article details the development of the self-report Negative Body Talk (NBT) scale and five studies (all conducted with samples of U.S. undergraduate women) supporting the psychometric soundness of scores on this measure. The NBT scale measures women’s tendency to engage in negatively valenced commentary about the weight and shape of their own bodies (including upward comparisons that comprise implicit negative commentary) when speaking with others. Two subscales were identified using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The body concerns subscale assesses women’s

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Sääksjärvi, Maria, Katarina Hellén, and George Balabanis. "Sometimes a celebrity holding a negative public image is the best product endorser." European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 3/4 (2016): 421–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2014-0346.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s reactions to celebrity endorsers holding positive and negative public images and the consequences for purchase intentions of the endorsed product. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on the social comparison literature and applies the theory of upward and downward comparisons to the celebrity endorsement context. Findings Study 1 shows that exposure to celebrities holding a positive public image decrease consumers’ temporal self-esteem, while celebrities holding a negative public image increase temporal self-esteem. Study 2 sugges

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Lee, Helena. "Changes in workplace practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: the roles of emotion, psychological safety and organisation support." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 8, no. 1 (2021): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-06-2020-0104.

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PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the psychological safety, organisation support and emotion in the workplace during the transition from office to home working during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Past studies on emotion in the workplace mostly focus on types of discreet emotion, in relation to positive and negative emotions (e.g. Connelly and Torrence, 2018; Rubino et al., 2013). Other studies reported that emotions are derived from social comparison processes (Matta and Dyne, 2020). During a crisis, the emotional responses of the workers and organisational support to the diff

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Ritchie, Ellen K., Sumaiya K. Miah, Sangmin Lee, et al. "CPX-351 As First Intensive Therapy for Elderly Patients with AML." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 3858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130263.

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Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients is a poor prognosis disease due to many factors that include disease biology, high risk of treatment-related mortality, co-morbid illnesses, geriatric syndromes, and psychosocial factors such as cognitive decline and social isolation. Such factors make it difficult to administer intensive chemotherapy regimens needed to achieve a durable response in older patients with AML. CPX-351, Vyxeos®, is a fixed combination of the antineoplastic drugs cytarabine and daunorubicin, encased together inside the liposome in a 5:1 molar ratio. CPX-35

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Johnson, Benjamin. "Look Up, Look Down: Articulating Inputs and Outputs of Social Media Social Comparison." Journal of Communication Technology 4, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.51548/joctec-2021-003.

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Computer-mediated social comparisons have been identified as a threat to psychological well-being. Because online friends selectively self-present, social comparisons may be biased upward, producing feelings of inadequacy. However, earlier evidence consistently confounded social comparative thoughts with causes or outcomes. A cross-sectional survey (N = 163) tested how traits, motivations, selectivity, and mood management influence computer-mediated downward and upward social comparison, and how comparison influences affect, self-esteem, and peer misperceptions. Results indicated age, social c

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