Relevant bibliographies by topics / Uranium contamination

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Uranium contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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Lovley, Derek R., and Elizabeth J. P. Phillips. "Bioremediation of uranium contamination with enzymatic uranium reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 26, no. 11 (November 1992): 2228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00035a023.

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Grignard, Elise, Yann Guéguen, Stéphane Grison, Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro, Patrick Gourmelon, and Maâmar Souidi. "Contamination with Depleted or Enriched Uranium Differently Affects Steroidogenesis Metabolism in Rat." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 4 (July 2008): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802367057.

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Uranium is a naturally occurring heavy metal found in the Earth’s crust. It is an alpha-emitter radioactive element from the actinide group that presents both radiotoxicant and chemotoxicant properties. Some studies revealed that uranium could affect the reproductive system. To distinguish chemical versus radiological effects of uranium on the metabolism of the steroids in the testis, rats were contaminated via their drinking water with depleted or enriched uranium. Animals were exposed to radionuclides for 9 months at a dose of 40 mg/L (560 Bq/L for depleted uranium, 1680 Bq/L for enriched uranium). Whereas depleted uranium did not seem to significantly affect the production of testicular steroid hormones in rats, enriched uranium significantly increased the level of circulating testosterone by 2.5-fold. Enriched uranium contamination led to significant increases in the mRNA levels of StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein; 3-fold, p = .001), cyp11a1 (cytochrome P45011a1; 2.2-fold, p < .001), cyp17a1 (cytochrome P45017a1; 2.5-fold, p = .014), cyp19a1 (cytochrome P45019a1; 2.3-fold, p = .021), and 5 α-R1 (5 α reductase type 1; 2.0-fold, p = .02), whereas depleted uranium contamination induces no changes in the expression of these genes. Moreover, expression levels of the nuclear receptors LXR (Liver X Receptor) and SF-1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1), as well as the transcription factor GATA-4, were modified following enriched uranium contamination. Altogether, these results show for the first time a differential effect among depleted or enriched uranium contamination on testicular steroidogenesis. It appears that the deleterious effects of uranium are mainly due to the radiological activity of the compound.
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Friedrich, Jana. "Uranium contamination of the Aral Sea." Journal of Marine Systems 76, no. 3 (March 2009): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.03.020.

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Murry, Maisha M., Henry B. Spitz, and William B. Connick. "Sequential extraction of uranium metal contamination." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 307, no. 3 (October 22, 2015): 2075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4521-7.

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Houpert, P., V. Chazell, F. Paquet, T. Bailly, R. Burgada, and M. H. Henge-Napolil. "Reduction of uranium transfer by local chelation in simulated wounds in rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 20, no. 5 (May 2001): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032701678227721.

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The aim of the paper is to develop a new approach to treat uranium-contaminated wounds. The efficacy of a local uranium chelator, carballylic amido bis phosphonic acid (CAPBP) was assessed using two different uranium compounds. Rats were contaminated by intramuscular injections of uranyl nitrate or an industrial U04 compound to simulate wound contamination. CAPBP was injected intramuscularly (im) or intraperitoneally (ip) at a dosage of 30,umol kg-. In one experiment, the local administration of CAPBP was combined with a systemic administration of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-biphosphonate (EHBP). The local CAPBP treatment resulted in increased retention of uranium at the wound site: about 30% for uranyl nitrate or U04 after the first day and about 15% of U04 after the third day. Consequently, it reduced uranium translocation into the blood and deposition in the kidneys and bone. The combined treatment reduced the uranium deposits in the kidneys, bone and carcass to about one-half of those observed in controls 3 days after U04 contamination. The local CAPBP treatment increased the interval of time between contamination and uranium deposit in the target organs. Thus, it can increase the efficacy of nonspecific local treatments or specific systemic treatments. It could be given rapidly through spray or gel after an accident.
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Houpert, P., V. Chazel, and F. Paquet. "A local approach to reduce industrial uranium wound contamination in rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y03-113.

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The aim of this work is to develop a new approach to partially decontaminate wounds after industrial uranium contamination, during the interval of time between contamination and transfer of the patient to the infirmary. A wound dressing and a paste mixed or not with uranium-chelating ligands, ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate (EHBP) and carballylic amido bis phosphonic acid (CAPBP), were tested in vitro on muscles and in vivo on rats after deposit of uranium oxide compounds. The dressing and the paste, composed of carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrocolloids known to be highly absorbent, were applied on simulated wounds a few minutes after the contamination. The incorporation of chelating ligands did not improve the efficacy of the dressing or paste, and the best results were obtained with the dressing. In vivo, after 1 h of contact with the wound, the dressing absorbed about 30% and 60% of a UO4 compound deposited intra- and intermuscularly, respectively. After intramuscular deposit, the efficacy of the dressing was not reduced if the contact time decreased from 1 h to 15 min. Therefore, this wound dressing could be a practical option to treat uranium-contaminated wounds, but its efficacy depends on the localization of the uranium deposit.Key words: uranium, wound, rat, treatment.
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Phan, Guillaume, Naïma Semili, Céline Bouvier-Capely, Géraldine Landon, Ghozlene Mekhloufi, Nicolas Huang, François Rebière, Michelle Agarande, and Elias Fattal. "Calixarene Cleansing Formulation for Uranium Skin Contamination." Health Physics 105, no. 4 (October 2013): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0b013e318298e8d3.

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Shroder, Shulamit. "Soil Ecosystem Responses to Depleted Uranium Contamination." Natural Sciences Education 45, no. 1 (December 2016): nse2016.02.0772. http://dx.doi.org/10.4195/nse2016.02.0772.

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Schilk, A. J., K. H. Abel, and R. W. Perkins. "Characterization of uranium contamination in surface soils." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 26, no. 2 (January 1995): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(94)00007-j.

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Cucu, Maria, Ana Danis, Mariana Ciubotariu, E. Iancu, and Gabriela Dumitrescu. "On the uranium biodistribution in internal contamination." Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 22, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8078(93)90193-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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Lloyd, Nicholas Selwyn. "An environmental case-study of depleted uranium particulate contamination." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7953.

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A factory in Colonie (NY, USA) emitted c. 4.8 ± 1 tonnes of depleted uranium (DU) particulates into a suburban environment during 1958 – 1984. These particulates were initially dispersed by prevailing winds. Quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), laser ablation multicollector (LA-MC-) ICP-MS, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microfocus extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μEXAFS) spectroscopy have been used to characterise soils, dusts, vegetation, and individual particles. The concentration range of natural uranium in Colonie soils is 0.7 — 2.1 μg g-1; with total uranium up to 500 ± 40 μg g-1 in DU contaminated soils. Bioturbation can account for dispersal of contaminant from the soil surface. Primary morphologies are described for uraniferous particles from soils and dusts. Polycrystalline, often hollow microscopic uranium oxide spheres are similar to particles produced by DU munitions impacting armoured targets. These survive as UO2+x and U3O8, the least bioaccessible oxides of uranium. Fruit and wood samples were contaminated by DU, demonstrating limited bioavailability. Deviation of 235U/238U from the natural isotope ratio allows detection of DU in soils to at least 5.6 km from site. The average DU ‘end-member’ composition aggregated in soil samples comprises (2.05 ± 0.06) x10-3 235U/238U, (3.2 ± 0.1) x10-5 236U/238U, and (7.1 ± 0.3) x10-6 234U/238U. Individual uranium oxide grains were analysed by LA-MC-ICP-MS, all of which were from DU, with variable isotopic compositions (236U/238U, 235U/238U & 234U/238U). There is no evidence of enriched uranium in Colonie soils and dusts. The isotopic compositions of the Colonie particles can be explained by the inhomogeneous mixing of at least seven batches of tails from the Paducah gaseous diffusion plant, which are identified as the origins of the DU feedstocks used by National Lead Industries at Colonie. LA-MC-ICP-MS is recommended for nuclear forensic applications. This case-study is an attractive analogue for battlefield contamination.
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Struwe, Harald. "Spectrometry for the assessment of uranium contamination in buildings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8693.

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Rouas, Caroline. "Etude des mécanismes mis en jeu lors d'une exposition à l'uranium appauvri sur le système de détoxification in vivo et in vitro." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114835.

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Le but de cette thèse est d'explorer, in vivo et in vitro, l'action de l'uranium (U) sur les protagonistes du système de détoxification de l'organisme, le rein et le foie. Pour mimer une contamination chronique à une dose environnementale, le modèle in vivo est basé sur une exposition de 9 mois de rats à l'U. In vivo, nos résultats montrent que la contamination à l'U n'induit ni une néphrotoxicité ni une sensibilité du rein à exacerber une néphrotoxicité due à la gentamicine. Concernant le foie, l'U induit des modifications de l'expression d’enzymes du métabolisme des xénobiotiques (EMXs). Ces modifications ne sont responsables de perturbations du métabolisme du paracétamol que lorsqu’il est administré à une dose hépatotoxique. Les résultats in vitro (1)suggèrent que les modifications des EMXs proviennent d'un effet indirect de l'U et (2)souligne le potentiel cytotoxique de l'U ainsi que sa présence dans les cellules (cytoplasme et noyau) sous forme soluble et/ou précipitée
The aim of this work is to study the effects of a uranium (U) exposure on organs involved in the detoxification: the kidney and the liver (and notably the xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XME)). In order to mimic population chronic exposure, rats were contaminated during 9 months through drinking water (40 mg/L). In vivo results show that U exposure does not induce neither nephrotoxicity nor sensitivity to increase a renal toxicity induced by gentamicin. In the liver, U provokes impairments on the XME gene expression. Nevertheless, paracetamol metabolism is modified only if it is administrated at a hepatotoxic dose. The in vitro results suggest an indirect effect of uranium on the XME, probably dependant of body adaptation mechanisms. Besides, in vitro studies underlined cytotoxic properties of U as well as the localisation of its soluble and/or precipited forms in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments
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Roux, Céline. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert des radionucléides en aval de la fosse T22 du site expérimental de Tchernobyl." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4317/document.

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Le Site Pilote de Tchernobyl (CPS) est voué à l’étude de la migration des radionucléides à partir de l’une des tranchées creusée pour enfouir la matière contaminée à la suite de l'accident de Tchernobyl (1986). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les processus de migration des éléments dans la nappe phréatique.D’abord, l’extension maximale du panache de contamination est étudiée à l’aide du traceur conservatif 36Cl. Dans la nappe, les rapports 36Cl/Cl sont 1 à 4 ordres de grandeur supérieurs au rapport naturel théorique (particulièrement en aval de la tranchée), signifiant une importante contamination de la nappe par le 36Cl.Ensuite, un modèle conceptuel des processus géochimiques est proposé à partir de l’étude des variations en [Cl-], [HCO3-], [SO42-], [NO3-], [Na+], [Ca2+], [K+] [Mg2+], [Si], [Fe2+], [Mn2+] et des rapports δ18O et δ2H. Certains éléments sont très influencés par la présence de la tranchée mais des processus naturels peuvent aussi avoir une influence sur géochimie des eaux (eau-roche ou de drainage).Puis, les rapports isotopiques 238U/235U, 86Sr/88Sr et 87Sr/86Sr sont mesurés pour étudier la migration d’U et du Sr. La dissolution des particules de combustible enfouies dans la tranchée et le lessivage des radionucléides qui leur sont associés pourraient avoir un impact significatif sur les rapports isotopiques dans la nappe. Une augmentation des concentrations en [238U] est observée en aval de la tranchée mais les rapports 238U/235U mesurés sont naturels. La procédure d'analyse des rapports 86Sr/88Sr et 87Sr/86Sr ne permet pas d’observer un changement de ces rapports dans la nappe mais une diminution du rapport est observée en profondeur
The Chernobyl Pilot Site (CPS) was set up to study the migration of radionuclides from one of the trenches dug in situ to bury materials contaminated after Chernobyl accident. The aim of this study is to investigate migration processes in groundwater. At first, the maximal extent of the contaminant plume is investigated based on the study of conservative tracer 36Cl. High contamination of groundwater by 36Cl is shown, with 36Cl/Cl ratios 1 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical natural ratio (specifically downgradient of the trench). Then, a conceptual model of the main geochemical processes in groundwater is proposed based on the study of variantions in [Cl-], [HCO3-], [SO42-], [NO3-], [Na+], [Ca2+], [K+] [Mg2+], [Si]), [Fe2+], [Mn2+], and δ18O and δ2H. Some element concentrations are mainly governed by migrations from the trench. However, natural geochemical processes are also assessed to have an influence on groundwater geochemistry (water-rock interaction, leakage). Next, uranium and strontium migrations are investigated based on measurements of 238U/235U, 86Sr/88Sr, 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Indeed, dissolution fuel particles buried in the trench and the release of associated radionuclides is supposed to have a significant impact on those ratios in groundwater. However, in spite of an increase of [238U] concentrations downgradient of the trench, measured 238U/235U ratios in groundwater are in the natural range. Analytical procedure for 86Sr/88Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratio measurement does not allow observing some trend downgradient of the trench; however, 87Sr/86Sr ratios clearly decrease with the depth
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Kerry, Timothy. "Characterisation of stainless steel contamination in acidic media." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterisation-of-stainless-steel-contamination-in-acidic-media(0995f9b0-32ab-424e-93f8-f19d034f2a2f).html.

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There is great interest in understanding the contamination of stainless steel by radionuclides across the nuclear fuel cycle. Through study of uptake mechanisms, contaminant localisation and process conditions that affect uptake, decontamination strategies can be tailored to remove built-up radioactive species. This study focusses on understanding stainless steel contamination by inactive lanthanides and radioactive actinide species (U, Np, Pu and Am) in acidic media. Through depth profiling, contamination has been seen to localise on the interface of the oxide layer and the bulk metal (at depths of up to 100 nm) indicating a potentially tenacious contamination mechanism. Furthermore, contaminant was observed at greater depths within the material (up to ~300 nm), suggesting penetration beyond the passive layer in to the bulk of the material. Long term immersion studies (up to 9 months) in 12 M HNO3 have also been undertaken to investigate the effect of surface corrosion on contaminant uptake. After 3 months the surface had undergone intergranular corrosion and grain droppage was observed. Further surface analysis revealed localisation of contaminants within the steel grain boundaries and vacancies. Once again, this may necessitate a more aggressive decontamination strategy. Conditions have been identified that enhance uptake of transuranic contaminants. Highest levels of uptake were seen in polished steel samples immersed in 4 M HNO3. The Np-237, Pu-239 and Am-241 contaminated samples showed surface concentrations of up to 1.2x107, 9.4x105 and 1x109 Bq/m2, respectively. In the case of Np contamination of stainless steel, microfocus X-ray absorption spectroscopy has shown the surface-mediated reduction of Np(V) leading to Np(IV) adsorption.
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Williams, Benjamin Deeter. "Uranium contamination of vadose zone sediments from the Hanford U single shell tank farm." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/B_Williams_112709.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in environmental science)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 26, 2010). "School of Earth and Environmental Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-51).
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Frye, Kevin M. (Kevin Michael) 1972. "Contamination of surface water by depleted uranium from Nuclear Metals, Incorporated, in Concord, MA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11054.

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Bensoussan, Hélène. "Effets d'une contamination à l'uranium sur le système cholinergique : approches in vivo et in vitro." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T073.

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Tortorello, Rebecca Diane. "Application of Uranium Isotopes as a Temporal and Spatial Tracer of Nuclear Contamination in the Environment." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1354977526.

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Bouet, Ségolène. "Analyses des risques de pathologies cancéreuses et non cancéreuses au sein de cohortes de travailleurs de l'uranium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS274.

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A ce jour, l’évaluation des risques associés à l’incorporation de radionucléides et l’élaboration des normes de radioprotection en résultant sont principalement basées sur les résultats du suivi épidémiologique de populations exposées aux rayonnements ionisants par voie externe. Les analogies et extrapolations employées dans cette démarche sont entourées d’incertitudes. Afin de pouvoir évaluer la validité des hypothèses retenues dans ce cadre par la Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique, il est nécessaire de réaliser de nouvelles études épidémiologiques au sein de populations exposées à des émetteurs internes. C’est notamment le cas pour ce qui concerne les expositions à l’uranium, dont les effets sanitaires potentiels demeurent mal caractérisés. Par ailleurs, alors que les effets cancérigènes des radiations ionisantes sont établis et de mieux en mieux caractérisés, l’hypothèse d’un effet de faibles doses de rayonnements ionisants sur le développement de maladies de l’appareil circulatoire a été émise récemment, et demande à être évaluée de manière approfondie.L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à améliorer la connaissance des effets sanitaires des expositions chroniques à de faibles doses de rayonnements ionisants, en particulier du fait de contamination internes par l’uranium, en support à l’évaluation et si nécessaire à la consolidation des normes internationales de radioprotection.La thèse s’articule autour de trois axes:- L’analyse de la mortalité dans une cohorte de 1300 travailleurs d’usines de traitement du minerai d’uranium (F-MILLERS), par comparaison avec la mortalité de la population générale française par calcul de rapports de mortalité standardisés.- L’analyse de l’association entre la dose (interne et externe) et la mortalité par cancers et maladies cardiovasculaires dans une cohorte de 4000 travailleurs de l’uranium: Analyse statistique classique (fréquentiste) incluant une exploration détaillée de l’impact de potentiels facteurs confondants individuels rarement disponibles dans d’autres cohortes de travailleurs du nucléaire (ex: obésité, tabagisme, tension artérielle).- Le développement d’une approche hiérarchique bayésienne permettant de tenir compte des incertitudes engendrées par l’estimation de la dose interne à partir de mesures radiotoxicologiques fortement censurées à gauche (i.e., inférieures à un seuil) dans l’estimation de risques sanitaires radio-induits, basée sur cette dose
Nowadays, the assessment of the risks associated with the incorporation of radionuclides and the resulting development of radiological protection standards are mainly based on the results of the epidemiological monitoring of populations exposed to external ionizing radiation. The analogies and extrapolations used in this process are surrounded by uncertainties. In order to be able to evaluate the validity of the assumptions adopted in this context by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), it is necessary to conduct new epidemiological studies in populations exposed to internal emitters. This is particularly the case for uranium exposures, whose potential health effects remain poorly characterized. Moreover, while the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation are established and increasingly well characterized, the hypothesis of an effect of low doses of ionizing radiation on the development of diseases of the circulatory system has been suggested recently, and requires to be evaluated thoroughly.The aim of this PhD thesis project is to improve the knowledge of the health effects of chronic internal exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, particularly due to internal contamination by uranium, in support of the evaluation and if necessary to the consolidation of international radiation protection standards.The PhD thesis project includes three axes:- Analysis of mortality in a new cohort of 1,300 workers employed by uranium-milling companies, by comparison with the mortality of general French population by computing standardized mortality ratios.- Analysis of the association between dose (internal and external) and mortality from cancer and cardiovascular diseases in a cohort of 4,000 uranium workers: classical statistical analysis (frequentist) included detailed exploration of the impact of potential confounding factors rarely available in other cohorts of nuclear workers (e.g.: obesity, smoking, blood pressure)- Development of a Bayesian hierarchical approach allowing to account for uncertainties induced by the estimation of internal dose from radiotoxicological measurement that are strongly left-censored (i.e., lower than a threshold) in radiation-induced risk estimates, based on this dose
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Books on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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International Workshop on Environmental Contamination from Uranium Production Facilities and their Remediation (2004 Lisbon, Portugal). Environmental contamination from uranium production facilities and their remediation: Proceedings of an International Workshop on Environmental Contamination from Uranium Production Facilities and their Remediation : held in Lisbon, 11-13 February 2004. Vienna [Austria]: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005.

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Morin, Kevin A. Groundwater contamination from precious-metal, base-metal, uranium, phosphate, and potash (KCl) mining operations. [s.l.]: International Association of Hydrogeologists, Canadian National Chapter, 1988.

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Banta, Edward R. Statistical analysis of uranium-mill raffinate contamination in water wells in Lincoln Park, south-central Colorado. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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R, Banta Edward. Statistical analysis of uranium-mill raffinate contamination in water wells in Lincoln Park, south-central Colorado. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Banta, Edward R. Statistical analysis of uranium-mill raffinate contamination in water wells in Lincoln Park, south-central Colorado. Denver, Colo: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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The health and environmental impacts of uranium contamination in the Navajo Nation: Hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 23, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Nuclear safety: DOE's investigation of phosgene gas contamination was inadequate, but experts conclude that worker safety and facilities are not threatened : report to Congressional Addressees. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2007.

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Stepp, Eugene. Uranium Contamination in the Navajo Nation: Background and Cleanup Efforts. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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Richard, Cothern C., and Rebers Paul A, eds. Radon, radium, and uranium in drinking water. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1990.

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Warren, David R., and William M. Solis. Operation Desert Storm: Army Not Adequately Prepared To Deal With Depleted Uranium Contamination. Diane Pub Co, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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Abdelouas, Abdesselam, Werner Lutze, and H. Eric Nuttall. "9. Uranium Contamination in the Subsurface: Characterization and Remediation." In Uranium, edited by Peter C. Burns and Robert J. Finch, 433–74. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501509193-014.

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Nandal, Meenakshi, and Mansi Rastogi. "Uranium Radionuclide Contamination in the Environment." In Environmental Pollutants and Their Bioremediation Approaches, 103–26. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22171-4.

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Hoyer, Mandy. "Uranium contamination of soil and groundwater by phosphate fertilizer application." In Uranium - Past and Future Challenges, 707–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11059-2_81.

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Manjón, Guillermo, María Villa, Rafael García-Tenorio, Juan Mantero, Santiago Hurtado, and Mouloud Lehritani. "Uranium Pollution in an Estuary Affected by Two Different Contamination Sources." In The New Uranium Mining Boom, 271–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22122-4_32.

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Ribera, Daniel, Florence Labrot, Gérard Tisnerat, and Jean-François Narbonne. "Uranium in the Environment: Occurrence, Transfer, and Biological Effects." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 53–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8478-6_3.

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Fadda, S., M. Fiori, S. M. Grillo, C. Matzuzzi, and P. Valera. "Arsenic contamination of natural origin in stream sediments of Lake Mulargia Reservoir, Southern Sardinia." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment, 1037–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_122.

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Brackhage, Carsten, and M. Wartchow. "Uranium uptake and accumulation in Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud. depending on phosphorus availability, litter contamination and ecotype." In Uranium, Mining and Hydrogeology, 319–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87746-2_40.

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Winde, Frank, and Abraham Barend de Villiers. "Uranium contamination of streams by tailings deposits — case studies in the Witwatersrand gold mining area (South Africa)." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment, 803–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_94.

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Kreyßig, Elke, and Jana Götze. "Contamination of Water Bodies Affected by Post-Mining Activities in the Light of the European Water Framework Directive." In Uranium - Past and Future Challenges, 617–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11059-2_70.

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Winde, Frank, and Abraham Barend de Villiers. "The nature and extent of uranium contamination from tailings dams in the Witwatersrand gold mining area (South Africa)." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment, 889–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_104.

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Conference papers on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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Jeon, Jong Seon, Ki Chul Jung, Sang Gyu Park, Tae Hyun Kim, and Jae Min Lee. "Analysis on Uranium Isotope in the Facilities of Nuclear Fuel Materials Using Depleted Uranium." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7160.

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This study checked the degree of contamination of depleted uranium used as a chemical catalyst in the manufacturing process within the facilities of nuclear fuel materials to analyze the environmental sample for abandoning their industrial factory sites and investigated how many times of contamination were made compared to (natural) abundance of isotopes if contamination was made within the facilities. In order to analyze the degree of uranium contamination, the researcher of this study divided the upper and lower parts of 20 points from the surface of the earth within the factory site made of concrete and extracted 40 samples from the surface of the earth and 15 samples for checking air and surface water contamination. The study checked the concentration of uranium existing in small quantity in the samples by liquefying a large amount of samples using pre-treatable acid percolation.
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Darbyshire, Carol, and Pete Burgess. "Quantifying Tc-99 Contamination in a Fuel Fabrication Plant." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59024.

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The Springfields facility manufactures nuclear fuel products for the UK’s nuclear power stations and for international customers. Fuel manufacture is scheduled to continue into the future. In addition to fuel manufacture, Springfields is also undertaking decommissioning activities. Today it is run and operated by Springfields Fuels Limited, under the management of Westinghouse Electric UK Limited. The site has been operating since 1946 manufacturing nuclear fuel. As part of the decommissioning activities, there was a need was to quantify contamination in a large redundant building. This building had been used to process uranium derived from uranium ore concentrate but had also processed a limited quantity of recycled uranium. The major non-uranic contaminant was Tc-99. The aim was to be able to identify any areas where the bulk activity exceeded 0.4 Bq/g Tc-99 as this would preclude the demolition rubble being sent to the local disposal facility. The problems associated with this project were the presence of significant uranium contamination, the realisation that both the Tc-99 and the uranium had diffused into the brickwork to a significant depth and the relatively low beta energy of Tc-99. The uranium was accompanied by Pa-234m, an energetic beta emitter. The concentration/depth profile was determined for several areas on the plant for Tc-99 and for uranium. The radiochemical analysis was performed locally but the performance of the local laboratory was checked during the initial investigation by splitting samples three ways and having confirmation analyses performed by 2 other laboratories. The results showed surprisingly consistent concentration gradients for Tc-99 and for uranium across the samples. Using that information, the instrument response was calculated for Tc-99 using the observed diffusion gradient and averaged through the full 225 mm of brick wall, as agreed by the regulator. The Tc-99 and uranium contributions to the detector signal were separated using a simple absorber, which essentially eliminated the Tc-99 count rate and reduced the uranium contribution only marginally. The outcome of the project was that it was possible to demonstrate that the complete building met the criterion for acceptance at the local waste facility.
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Woerner, Joerg, Sonja Margraf, and Walter Hackel. "Remediation of a Uranium-Contamination in Ground Water." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7270.

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The former production site of NUKEM where nuclear fuel-elements were developed and handled from 1958 to 1988 was situated in the centre of an industrial park for various activities of the chemical and metallurgical industry. The size of the industrially used part is about 300.000m2. Regulatory routine controls showed elevated CHC (Chlorinated Hydro-Carbons) values of the ground water at the beginning of the 1990’s in an area which represented about 80.000 m2 down-gradient of locations where CHC compounds were stored and handled. Further investigations until 1998 proved that former activities on the NUKEM site, like the UF6 conversion process, were of certain relevance. The fact that several measured values were above the threshold values made the remediation of the ground water mandatory. This was addressed in the permission given by the Ministry for Nuclear Installations and Environment of Hesse according to §7 of the German atomic law in October 2000 [1]. Ground water samples taken in an area of about 5.000 m2 showed elevated values of total Uranium activity up to between 50 and 75 Bq/l in 2002. Furthermore in an area of another 20.000m2 the samples were above threshold value. In this paper results of the remediation are presented. The actual alpha-activities of the ground waters of the remediation wells show values of 3 to 9Bq/l which are dominated by 80 to 90% U-234 activity. The mass-share of total Uranium for this nuclide amounts to 0,05% on average. The authority responsible for conventional water utilisation defined target values for remediation: 20μg/l for dissolved Uranium and 10μg/l for CHC [2]. Both values have not yet been reached for an area of about 10.000 m2. The remediation process by extracting water from four remediation wells has proved its efficiency by reduction of the starting concentrations by a factor of 3 to 6. Further pumping will be necessary especially in that area of the site where the contaminations were found later during soil remediation activities. Only two wells have been in operation since July 2002 when the remediation technique was installed and an apparatus for direct gamma-spectroscopic measurement of the accumulated activities on the adsorbers was qualified. Two further remediation wells have been in operation since August 2006, when the installed remediation technique was about to be doubled from a throughput of 5 m3/h to 10 m3/h. About 20.000 m3 of ground water have been extracted since from these two wells and the decrease of their Uranium-concentrations behaves similar to that of the two other wells being extracted since the beginning of remediation. Both, total Uranium-concentrations and the weight-share of the nuclides U-234, U-235 and U-238 are measured by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry) besides measurements of Uranium-Alpha-Activities in addition to the measurement of CHC components of which PCE (Perchlor-Ethene) is dominant in the contaminated area. CHC compounds are measured by GC (Gas Chromatography). Down-gradient naturally attenuated products are detected in various compositions. Overall 183.000m3 of ground water have been extracted. Using a pump & treat method 11 kg Uranium have been collected on an ion-exchange material based on cellulose, containing almost 100 MBq U-235 activity, and almost 15 kg of CHC, essentially PCE, were collected on GAC (Granules of Activated Carbon). Less than 3% of the extracted Uranium have passed the adsorber-system of the remediation plant and were adsorbed by the sewage sludge of the industrial site’s waste water treatment. The monthly monitoring of 19 monitoring wells shows that an efficient artificial barrier was built up by the water extraction. The Uranium contamination of two ground water plumes has drastically been reduced by the used technique dependent on the amounts of extracted water. The concentration of the CHC contamination has changed depending on the location of temporal pumping. Thereby maximum availability of this contaminant for the remediation process is ensured. If locations with unchanged water quality are detected electrochemical parameters of the water or hydro-geologic data of the aquifer have to be taken into further consideration to improve the process of remediation.
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da Cunha, Kenya Moore Dias, Helenes Henderson, Paul Ward, and Bruce M. Thomson. "Ground Water Contamination from Past Uranium Mining: Cove Wash, AZ." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.090.

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Frey, Bonnie, Daniel Cadol, Daniel Cadol, Shaina Willie, Shaina Willie, Brianne Willis, Brianne Willis, et al. "STUDYING URANIUM CONTAMINATION ON TRIBAL LANDS IN COLLABORATION WITH UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHERS." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314397.

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Unz, Ronald J., Donna M. Rogers, Charles Jones, Jay P. McCown, and Charles A. Waggoner. "Use of Lanthanum Bromide Detectors to Augment Site Surveys for Depleted Uranium." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59169.

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A variety of systems have now been described for use in surveying sites for anthropogenic radiological contamination. Virtually all of these include use of sodium iodide detectors and register detection data with global positioning satellite data. This paper demonstrates how lanthanum bromide detectors can be used to augment existing field surveys in a manner to reduce uncertainty in areas of low count rates and to discriminate between depleted uranium and naturally occurring uranium. The survey system described is equipped with large (20 × 20 × 100 cm) sodium iodide (Alpha Spectra) and 7.5 × 7.5 cm lanthanum bromide (Saint Gobain) detectors. Additional radiological detection equipment (DigiBase) was obtained from ORTEC with survey data collected in the List Mode. Data collected in surveys were then used to generate digital maps using GeoSoft’s Oasis Montaj. Software has been developed to automatically identify areas of increased count rates using user-defined thresholds. This software can collect the count data for the masked area and generate a composite spectrum that can be compared to a reference spectrum believed to represent an uncontaminated area. Ratios of counts attributed to protactinium-234m (Pa-234m) are compared to counts attributed to Bismuth-214 (Bi-214) for both the composite filed survey spectrum and the reference spectrum. Soil samples have been collected from selected sites over a range of soil and geology types for the purpose of collecting data comparing high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and lanthanum bromide (LaBr) detector spectra. These samples have come from areas believed to be devoid of depleted uranium contamination and from areas expected to have higher concentrations of naturally occurring uranium. A library of HPGe and LaBr spectra have been collected comparing: (1) background soil samples with, (2) spectra from the same samples that have been doped with half the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium, and (3) the remediation threshold activity of depleted uranium. Ratios of the Pa-234m:Bi-214 for both HPGe and LaBr detectors are provided in this paper. This process can be repeated for any site of interest. Background soil samples can be obtained prior to surveying and an equivalent library of spectral ratios generated. Field data from three different sites will be used to show how LaBr detectors can be effectively used as an infield HPGe surrogate for rapid discrimination between DU contamination and areas of high naturally occurring uranium. Areas of maps of questionable contamination are selected and composite LaBr spectra are generated along with Pa-234m:Bi-214 ratio. This is compared to library data to determine the approximate activity of DU present. All areas suspected of DU contamination can also be selected and excluded from the remainder of map data. A composite spectrum from the areas believed to be uncontaminated can be generated and spectral ratios compared library data for clearance purposes.
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Isayeva, Natalya. "The Decreasing Ways of Contaminated Underground Water Volume in Uranium Mining and Milling Region." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1208.

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Abstract Ukrainian uranium ore mining and milling facilities are located in the tight populated areas on the valuable agricultural lands of Ukraine. The almost 50th years’ activity of these enterprises has caused the radioactive contamination of the environment. The most dangerous facilities happened to be those ones which contaminate the entrails for a long time, namely: tailings which were discharged with the uranium ore uranium mill and former uranium in-situ leaching sites which are now decommissioned and left without relevant environmental protection measures. This paper considers two uranium facilities, which impact in a similar way on such an environmental entity as underground water: the tailings and in-situ leaching site located in Dnipropetrovsk region.
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Liebenberg, G. R., and A. L. Visagie. "Remediation of Sites Contaminated With Depleted Uranium in South Africa." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4964.

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Like many other countries, South Africa embarked on a project involving the development of depleted uranium armour piercing ammunition during the 1980’s. Several weapon systems were tested on two proof ranges in the Northern Cape region of South Africa. These tests were conducted up to 1989 when a decision was taken to terminate the project. NECSA was contracted for the radiological clean up of these sites contaminated with depleted uranium (DU), which became a priority since 1997. The project, which was completed in 2002, was a first of its kind in South Africa and, even internationally, a unique operation. A phased approach was followed for the preparatory and clean-up activities. The first part of the presentation covers the development and planning phases of the project with particular reference to: • Introduction and typical radiological characteristics of depleted uranium weapons proof ranges. • Problem definition – extent of site contamination and site characteristics. • Development of the clean-up strategy for the sites. The second part of the presentation covers the various phases implemented for the clean up of the respective sites with specific reference to the on-site operations and methodology, radiation protection control measures, problems encountered and findings during various phases of the operation. The respective clean-up phases were the following: • Removal of surface contamination. This meant collection of objects from the surfaces of the strata identified in the radiological surveys performed on the respective sites. • Extended surface clean-up operation. This operation became eminent after a report, modelling trajectory paths, indicated that DU fragments could be expected outside the areas covered by the original site surveys. An area of ± 6 million m2 was covered by the extended clean up operation. • Contaminated metal clean-up operation. Metal target plates contaminated with entrapped uranium penetrators or layers of surface contamination had to be processed and removed from the sites. • Volume reduction by performing the following steps: * Collection of contaminated soil from the identified strata. A total of ± 35000-m3 soil was collected and stockpiled during this operation on the respective sites. * Mechanical screening of the collected soil to fractionate the DU penetrator remains into different size fractions. * Radiological screening of the soil containing the various size fractions to remove the uranium metal particles. • Radioactive waste management. The contaminated material and DU had to be removed from the sites and disposed of. Various routes were employed to execute this phase. • Materials and site clearance. Throughout each phase of the total clean-up operation radiation protection control measures were implemented based on prospective hazard assessments. The measures were further applied in such a way as to minimize exposures. At no stage did the actual exposures exceed the exposures estimated for each phase. The project was finally completed and cleared by the National Nuclear Regulator in July 2002.
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Nitzsche, Olaf, Stefan Thierfeldt, and Lothar Hummel. "Remediation of Subsurface and Groundwater Contamination With Uranium From Fuel Fabrication Facilities at Hanau (Germany)." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96073.

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This paper presents aspects of site decommissioning and clearance of a former fuel fabrication facility (development and production of fuel assemblies for research reactors and HTR) at Hanau (Germany). The main pathways for environmental contamination were deposition on soil surface and topsoil and pollution of deep soil and the aquifer by waste water channel leakage. Soil excavation could be done by classical excavator techniques. An effective removal of material from the saturated zone was possible by using advanced drilling techniques. A large amount of demolished building structure and excavated soil had to be classified. Therefore the use of conveyor detector was necessary. Nearly 100000 Mg of material (excavated soil and demolished building material) were disposed of at an underground mine. A remaining volume of 700 m3 was classified as radioactive waste. Site clearance started in 2006. Groundwater remediation and monitoring is still ongoing, but has already provided excellent results by reducing the remaining Uranium considerably.
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Xiuwu, Yu, Hu Mufang, Zhang Feng, Zhou Lixing, Liu Qin, and Zhang Ke. "Research of cluster routing algorithm in cellular grid by tracking radionuclide contamination of uranium trailings impoundment." In 2017 7th IEEE International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceiec.2017.8076591.

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Reports on the topic "Uranium contamination"

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Tai, L. I., and M. L. Lobaugh. Internal Dose Assessment NCERC Uranium Contamination Event. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184143.

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Bogard, J. S., R. N. Hamm, J. C. Ashley, J. E. Turner, C. A. England, D. E. Swenson, and K. S. Brown. Total effective dose equivalent associated with fixed uranium surface contamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663519.

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Ashley, J. C., J. S. Bogard, K. S. Brown, C. A. England, R. N. Hamm, and J. E. Turner. Correlation of External Exposure and Dose Equivalent Rates with Uranium Surface Contamination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7902.

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Peterson, Robert E., Mark L. Rockhold, R. Jeffrey Serne, Paul D. Thorne, and Mark D. Williams. Uranium Contamination in the Subsurface Beneath the 300 Area, Hanford Site, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925719.

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Schilk, A. J., R. W. Perkins, K. H. Abel, and R. L. Brodzinski. Surface and subsurface characterization of uranium contamination at the Fernald environmental management site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151481.

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Sengupta, S. K., E. Randich, H. I. Avci, M. J. Steindler, and G. P. Brumburgh. A Peer Review of the Strategy for Characterizing Ransuranics and Technetium Contamination in Uranium Hexafluoride Tails Cylinders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793929.

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Brown, Christopher F., Wooyong Um, and R. Jeffrey Serne. Uranium Contamination in the 300 Area: Emergent Data and their Impact on the Source Term Conceptual Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948409.

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Williams, Bruce A., Christopher F. Brown, Wooyong Um, Michael J. Nimmons, Robert E. Peterson, Bruce N. Bjornstad, David C. Lanigan, R. Jeffrey Serne, Frank A. Spane, and Mark L. Rockhold. Limited Field Investigation Report for Uranium Contamination in the 300 Area, 300-FF-5 Operable Unit, Hanford Site, Washington. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922573.

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Nimmons, Michael J. Evaluation of Reagent Emplacement Techniques for Phosphate-based Treatment of the Uranium Contamination Source in the 300 Area White Paper. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/982309.

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Wellman, Dawn M., Eric M. Pierce, Mart Oostrom, and Jonathan S. Fruchter. Experimental Plan: 300 Area Treatability Test: In Situ Treatment of the Vadose Zone and Smear Zone Uranium Contamination by Polyphosphate Infiltration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920542.

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