Academic literature on the topic 'Urban and rural society'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Malik, Asma Seemi. "RURAL URBAN MIGRATION." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 06 (2015): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.06.1230.
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Movement towards the urban centers of a country has been found to be acommon element in regards to the population dynamics. These dynamics however have asignificant economic, cultural, political and social impact on the lives of not only the migrantsbut also the place of destination. Through this research, it has been studied as to how therural urban movement in Pakistan impacts the social and cultural dimensions of the place ofdestination as well as those of the migrant. Furthermore, this research focused on findings themeasures taken by the government to curb the issues, however has found that the governmentof Pakistan is not taking any notice at all of the issues that exist. There is no long term vision orpolicy, a plan or implementation that would help in keeping the society and cultural of urbanand rural centers segregated.
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Leng, Xiangming, Min Zhong, Junling Xu, and Shenghua Xie. "Falling Into the Second-Generation Decline? Evidence From the Intergenerational Differences in Social Identity of Rural–Urban Migrants in China." SAGE Open 10, no. 3 (2020): 215824402093953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020939539.
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Previous studies have not adequately articulated the intergenerational differences in social identity of rural–urban migrants in China. Using survey data from Wuhan, China, the study tests three hypotheses on intergenerational differences in rural–urban migrants’ social identity based on first-generation and new-generation migrants’ attitudes toward rural and urban society. Results suggest that first-generation migrants are more likely to view themselves as rural rather than urban citizens. However, new-generation migrants tend to regard themselves as neither peasants nor urban citizens, which means that their identity reconstruction is at a stalled status. The identity perplexity of new-generation migrants suggests that they may be in danger of falling into the second-generation decline because there is a mismatch between their aspirations and the practical situation of their identity integration. This article highlights that when analyzing rural–urban migrants’ social identity, it is very important to consider the role of generation and rural–urban migrants’ attitudes toward their background society. Furthermore, the study suggests that in a rural–urban dichotomized society without institutional and social support, rural–urban migrants’ identity integration will not be achieved. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to build an institutionally and socially inclusive society.
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Kasmiah, St Fitri, Fitri Kumalasari, and Andi Muttaqin Mufti. "Persepsi Masyarakat Perkotaan dan Pedesaan Terhadap Perbankan Syariah." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Syariah 2, no. 1 (2019): 22–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2649805.
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Islamic banks still lack encouraging growth, both network and business volume, compared to the growth of conventional banks. This is indicated by the small number of Islamic banks, especially in Kolaka Regency. Islamic banks in Kolaka Regency are only 2 (two) Islamic banks, namely Bank Muamalat Tbk Kolaka and Bank BNI Syariah Kolaka. The majority of the Kolaka Regency community is Muslim. But the public's knowledge about Islamic banks in Kolaka Regency, especially in rural areas, it is still very limited. Urban communities regarding their knowledge about Islamic banks are well known. Because, there are already urban people who make every transaction in Islamic banks and urban communities feel that Islamic banks do indeed have to be further enhanced according to the teachings given by Allah SWT the perception of urban and rural communities there is no significant difference. Because, the urban community's knowledge of Islamic banks is only limited to savings products that are superior in society while other products are still lacking in knowledge as well as rural.
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Čamo, Merima. "Edukacijske silnice ruralnog načina života u savremenom (urbanom) društvu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 14, no. 2 2014 (2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2014.14.2.69.
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The purpose of this article is to point out the original tendencies of a rural community to be maintained within different historical, social and physical conditions. Notwithstanding inevitable change of a village under the influence of social dynamics whose effects initially were observed in the city, this albeit oldest form of social-physical organization had preserved some specific structural and interactional characteristics that again restore its existence. Such rural activity with a prefix ''traditional'' is a firstly observed through anthrop-causal relation between rural and urban area that simultaneously characterize interdependence and contradiction. Although such character is temporal given that one itself can be successfully analyzed only within certain timeframe and certain social-economic conditions, following text presents basic differences, advantages, possibilities as well as contradictions that created and established these two social developments that shall finally give a broader frame of rural-urban complex. The accent is on analysis of causes and consequences of urban crisis and opportunities of rural, which (together with multi-millenium experience of urban) can be adequate social cure, phenomenon of panacea for anomic tissue of contemporary urban community.
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Satya, Nilayam Research Institute of Philosophy &. Culture. "Family and Values in a Pluralistic Society." Satya Nilayam Chennai Journal of Intercultural Philosophy 18 (June 5, 2010): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12741930.
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India is a secular and pluralistic society. India has a rich cultural, social, historical and religious heritage. India enjoys a distinctive feature in respect of population of people living in rural and urban communities. According to World Development Report 2002, 72 percent of the residents lived in rural areas and 28 percent of the residents lived in urban communities.
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Nweke, Anselem C. "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14912.
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This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.
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Brigden, Roy. "Rural Museums in an Urban and Multicultural Society." Folk Life 47, no. 1 (2009): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175967009x422846.
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Orvis, Stephen. "Kenyan civil society: bridging the urban–rural divide?" Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 2 (2003): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x03004245.
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While African civil society seemed a beacon of hope for democracy in the early 1990s, by the end of the decade many scholars had come to view it as extremely weak, lacking a domestic constituency and therefore any significant political or civic impact. Critics have been particularly concerned about urban-based ‘democracy and governance’ NGOs' limited influence on and connection with the rural majority of the citizenry. This article examines this question in Kenya, looking at four NGOs that have used civic education and paralegal programmes to establish a rural presence. Based on a survey of participants, it concludes that although the programmes are relatively new, they have begun to have a measurable impact on citizen understanding of politics, and have given the NGOs a noticeable rural presence. They have done so, however, by relying on ethnic, clan, partisan and other ‘non-civil’ networks to build supporters.
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Băncescu, Irina. "Rural - urban income gap and labour market in Romania." SHS Web of Conferences 95 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219501003.
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Rural – urban income gap is an important social-economic development indicator for a society. A large rural - urban income gap within a society reveals a split of it into two distinct societies, one extremely poor compared to the other. In Romania, almost half of the resident population lives in rural areas (46.02% in 2019), while the urban-rural migration flow is higher than the traditional reverse flow since 1997. However, the country is characterized by regional economic disparities, Bucharest-Ilfov region being the most economically developed. Labour market in rural areas is underdeveloped, rural population being highly depended on subsistence agriculture. Furthermore, rural areas have a low level of income and living standards. In this paper, we analysis the rural-urban labour market dynamics and rural-urban income gap using a LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) decomposition for 2005-2019 period. Factors such as income gap effect and structural rural income effect are considered. Results show that the total urban–rural income gap has decreased with 8.91%, while structural rural income effect contributed with an increase of only 0.63%, the income gap effect (of different employed population groups) being of -9.49%.
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Irfan Azhari Ritonga, Noviani Noviani, Nurul Hidayah Napitupulu, and Putri Wahyuni Sinaga. "Studi Masyarakat Indonesia Tradisional, Transisi, Modern, Pedesaan dan Perkotaan." Ta'rim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Anak Usia Dini 4, no. 2 (2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.59059/tarim.v4i2.125.
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The study of Indonesian society is always related to the condition of a pluralistic Indonesian society, both in terms of race, ethnicity and religion. In addition, the study of Indonesian society also has several sections including studies of traditional, transitional, modern Indonesian society, and studies of rural and urban communities. Traditional communities are usually referred to as rural communities, with a population of less than 2.500 people. A transitional society can be described as a society that is just experiencing growth, because in this transitional process, society is expected to be at a faster pace in understanding technological growth, which inevitably has to be able to master this technology. And in modern society, every level of society can be influenced by means of communication to convey information, such as radio and television. Meanwhile, rural and urban communities have a relationship of interdependence. With an illustration, urban communities need labor from rural communities, while rural communities need jobs created by urban communities. With the sections from the study of Indonesian society, the pluralism that has been formed long ago, can be seen clearly. Because each part of the study of society, has its own characteristics.Between village and traditional communities have the same characteristics. Because in the village community, there must be a strong sense of bond as well as traditional society. Whereas urban society has the same characteristics as modern society, because every urban society has an open view of new things, so it is not difficult for them to move forward to become a modern society. However, before achieving this, they must go through several phases, among which the first phase is called the colonial phase because it places leaders as foremen, the second phase is referred to as the developmental phase of administration and management because of the emergence of administrative and secretarial academics, the third phase is referred to as This phase is referred to as the global leadership phase, because leadership studies have begun to appear in specific fields.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Lee, Chien-Ti. "Taiwanese Adolescent Psychosocial Development in Urban and Rural Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/613.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate Taiwanese adolescent psychosocial development (i.e., autonomy and identity development) based on psychosocial theoretical models developed in western societies. Data were collected from both public senior high and vocational high schools in both urban and rural areas in Taiwan. Adolescent participants, with an average age of 17 years old, included 447 (about 54% were females) from urban areas, and 702 (62% were females) from rural areas. The results of this study revealed that Taiwanese adolescents from both urban and rural areas were similar to adolescent developmental ranges suggested in western theories. There were a few variations revealed in this study, such as scores of internal consistency, average scores of each scale, associations among indicators, and the numbers of youth classified of certain developmental status. In general, the relationships between factors and adolescent psychosocial developmental outcomes did not moderate by regional differences. Identity development of Taiwanese youth from both areas was more likely to be predicted by both situational (e.g., family income and school type) and agential factors (e.g., collectivism, parent attachment, and resiliency) than Taiwanese adolescent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral autonomy. Higher family income level and greater resiliency scores were positively associated with high autonomy and/or achieved identity status. Strong beliefs in collectivism and secure attachments with parents did not significantly correlate with autonomy but did correlate with foreclosure identity status. Across the analysis models in this study, resiliency was the strongest factor which was associated with high autonomous status and identity achievement. Implications and further recommendations for research and practical uses were further discussed.
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Beynon, Eleanorah Louise. "Changing places, changing identities : finding one's place in contemporary Chinese urban society." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249407.
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Galloway, James A. "Colchester and its region, 1310-1560 : wealth, industry and rural-urban mobility in a medieval society." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18899.
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Beasley, Sydney Brooks. "Implementing water and sanitation systems in rural India : the role of NGOs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118264.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.<br>Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018..<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-93).<br>NGOs are an important actor in rural India, and are increasingly important in implementing water and sanitation infrastructure. This thesis first systematically investigates physical conditions that lead to good bacteriological water quality in rural India, and then investigates how NGOs are inserting themselves into this space. Ultimately, this work examines under what conditions NGOs are effective in advancing water and sanitation systems, with a focus on how they build up, empower, and utilize local community organizations to do so. Thus, the strategies of two NGOs working in rural India that have facilitated the implementation of water and sanitation infrastructure are analyzed using an extension of Field Theory by Asad & Kay (2014). The way these NGOs create alliances, use resources, and change frames to advance water and sanitation infrastructure are similar in some ways, while distinct in others. This analysis demonstrates that these organizations are able to harmonize and negotiate their development agenda with that of the state in order to make progress in water and sanitation systems. Combining a systems analysis of rural communities' water quality with an analysis of strategies of NGOs illuminates practical implications for how policymakers can expect these organizations to incorporate new technologies and policies.<br>by Sydney Brooks Beasley.<br>M.C.P.<br>S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Bane, Jonas, and Garcia Ida Bromarker. "Social hållbarhet i den cirkulära ekonomin : Förväntade skillnader mellan storstad och landsbygd i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-44650.
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Den svenska strategin för att implementera en cirkulär ekonomi avser att stödja Agenda 2030 för hållbar utveckling. Dock kritiserar den akademiska litteraturen konceptet cirkulär ekonomi för bristande inkludering av social hållbarhet. Eftersom implementeringsåtgärder redan införs storskaligt både nationellt och i EU, har frågan lyfts om dess lämplighet i olika regionala kontext. Således ämnar denna studie att undersöka hur de aviserade åtgärderna för cirkulär ekonomi förväntas påverka social hållbarhet i svenska storstads- och landsbygdskommuner på olika sätt. En enkätundersökning utfördes till folkvalda politiker i 37 svenska kommuner. Resultaten visar att sociala hållbarhetsaspekter generellt inte förväntas påverkas nämnvärt i omställningen till cirkulär ekonomi. Detta kan förklaras med dess frånvaro i den politiska konceptualiseringen av cirkulär ekonomi. Vidare finner vi att landsbygdskommuner generellt är mer positiva till styrmedel för cirkulär ekonomi än storstadskommunerna. Vi avslutar med att föreslå att den svenska politiska tolkningen av cirkulär ekonomi skulle kunna justeras för att bidra till sociala hållbarhetsmål mer effektivt.<br>The Swedish strategy for implementing a circular economy aims to support the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. However, academic literature is increasingly criticizing the circular economy concept for its lack of inclusion of social sustainability. With implementation measures already taking place economy-wide both nationally and in the EU, questions have been raised concerning its suitability to different regional contexts. Thus, this study aims to explore how the announced policies for circular economy are expected to affect social sustainability in urban and rural Swedish municipalities differently. A survey was conducted to elected officials in 37 Swedish municipalities. The results show that social sustainability aspects are generally not expected to be noticeably affected in the transition to circular economy. This could be due to its absence in the political conceptualization of the circular economy. Furthermore, we find that rural municipalities are generally more positive to the circular economy policies than their urban counterparts. We conclude by proposing that the Swedish political interpretation of the circular economy could be adjusted to support social Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.
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Butler, Olivia. "Let's Do Away with Urban : Autoethnographic Adventures in Stockholms län." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182403.
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The spatial categorisations of urban and rural are still used in academia, lay terminology and policy formation in spite of a postmodern obsession with the deconstruction of binaries. Hitherto, the urban rural dichotomy has been exposed to little scrutiny, and the critiques that have been made come from the epistemological standpoint of total urbanisation which assumes the rural will be effaced by a perennial urban sprawl. The rural urban dichotomy is a derivative of the larger ideological dualism of nature and society and it has long been postulated, particularly from the standpoint of political ecology, that in the Anthropocene, nature does not exist beyond human influence. This would, in theory, support the theory that rural space is becoming effaced. Previous studies have, however, demonstrated that this subjugation of the rural to the urban works to stigmatise rural populations and engender disenfranchisement that has led to a resurgence in far-right nationalism across much of Europe. This subjugation has been enforced through this very urban norm in which both technocrats and academics favour the urban as a field for policy formation and research. When attempting to define the urban and the rural, it was found that the terms (a) are confused and confusing, evading any useful definition; (b) perpetuate a false neutrality that assumes a linear progression from rural to urban and (c) fail to recognise the complexities of space which resists binary distinctions. As such, I used Lefebvre’s spatial trifecta which suggests space is produced by three complimentary and contradictory processes: of perceived space (the material space of what we can actually see and touch, altered by seemingly banal everyday practices), conceived space (the (re)representations of space that are circulated by planners and technocrats) and lived space (the affectual space of emotion, memory and meanings) in order to think through the problems of the binary. As such, this thesis aimed to explore whether the urban and the rural still function as legitimate spatial categories and, in doing so, used an emplaced, embodied and mobile exploration of five case studies within Stockholms län in order to explore the phenomena. This was appropriate as it mirrored the affectual potential believed to be induced through rural and natural landscapes. Indeed, by developing a methodology that can better account for lived space, we can attempt to dislodge perceived and conceived spaces as the more easily accessible conceptual framework for thinking through space. The findings showed that there were many different species of urban and rural spaces, many spaces that were both urban and rural and many that were neither. Indeed, an acquiescence of purportedly rural and urban features within purportedly urban spaces, and vice versa, was the most telling result in terms of disrupting the idea that the urban and rural are stable but antipodal spatial categories. I also found the rural to be a coterminous process that produces space with and against urban landscapes, and thus should not be subjugated.
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Toledo, Maria Cristina Moiana de. "O Malabarista: um estudo sobre o professor de sala multisseriada por meio do município de Jussara - GO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2005. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1057.
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Previous issue date: 2005-09-01<br>Formal education, which historically was aimed at agricultural workers, was noteworthy for
the exclusive attitude of the ruling class, reducing education to mere schooling, and
established the notion that the rural worker needed no more than basic literacy. This belief
has led, over the years, to the precarious situation of rural schools, both in their physical
structure and in the inadequate preparation of teachers. Consisting essentially of a mixed level
or one-teacher class, this school is defined as having one class and a single teacher who
teaches the first four levels of primary education in the same place at the same time. This is
the context of our research theme and the teachers of mixed level classes in rural areas were
the focus of our study. Often overlooked in educational research, the teacher of mixed level
classes tends to be represented as a juggler dividing herself between the various roles imposed
on her, and a teacher who manages to facilitate the learning of up to eighteen children at the
same time. by giving these teachers a voice, a dialogue was established. We could then reveal
the social inequality and the contradictions of the rural and non-rural school. For theoretical
support, we took as a basis the studies of Sérgio Leite (1999); Jadir Pessoa (1997); Carlos
Brandão (1990); Julieta Calazans (1993); Márcia Regina Andrade and Maria Clara Di Pierro
([20--]); Edgar Kolling, Nery and Mônica Molina (1999) in relation to research on rural
education. The foundation for the arguments was found in Marx and Engels (1977); Marilena
Chauí (2003); Gaudêncio Frigotto (1995); Miguel Arroyo (1995); Iria Brzezinski, Maria
Esperança Carneiro and Wanderley Brito (2004); Acácia Kuenzer (1987); Osmar Fávero
(2001); Carlos Jamil Cury (2001) and others. An effort was made to understand the
movement, the process, the contradictions (dialectic method) in historical materialism
(methodology) which seek the basis of societies in the socio-historical formation and in
relation to production. Taking dialectic materialism as its starting point, this study took a
cross-section to get to know and to show the reality of the mixed-level teachers, of the
students and of the parents. Qualitative research was used in this study. Descriptive/analytical
study was also decided upon, using the following techniques: open interviews, free
observation, filed trip notes and closed questionnaires in order to collect socio-economic data.
The criterion for the selection of teachers was that the school in which they work should be
situated on the farms. Understanding of the thin line separating the urban from the rural shows
itself when many of the inhabitants of the poor suburbs, which are characterised more as a
product of the deterioration of the cities than of urban development, have a tense relationship
with urban culture. As they worked in the rural areas, they maintain the rural culture of their origin. It is apparent, moreover, that the rural school arises as a result of interests linked to
industrialisation and urban growth, that rural education receives marginal treatment in official
documents, and that the rural school is distinguished by its link to the work and culture of the
rural area. We have tried to show that education in the rural area at the beginning of the 21st
century is going through a process of change, demanded by social movements, bringing
together the forgotten voices of groups socially repressed, but at the same time generators of
knowledge and means of survival. The jugglers . i.e. the rural teachers, students and
parents, who in their statements show a quite different reality from that described by
municipal authorities.<br>O ensino formal, que historicamente se destinou aos trabalhadores do campo, foi marcado
pelo consenso de exclusão por parte da classe dominante, reduzindo a educação à
escolarização e estabeleceu, ideologicamente, que ao homem do campo era suficiente o
domínio das primeiras letras. Essa realidade tem gerado, ao longo dos anos, a situação de
precariedade em que viveu e ainda vive a escola do campo, seja em relação à estrutura física,
seja pelo insuficiente grau de formação do professor. Constituída essencialmente por sala
multisseriada ou unidocente, essa escola se caracteriza por possuir uma sala e ter um só
professor que ministra aulas para as quatro séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, no mesmo
local e ao mesmo tempo. Nesse contexto recaiu o tema da pesquisa e o professor da zona rural
de sala multisseriada constituiu o nosso objeto de estudo. Pouco lembrado nas pesquisas sobre
educação, o professor de sala multisseriada acabou por apresentar-se como um malabarista no
sentido de desdobrar-se entre as variadas atribuições que lhe foram impingidas e o professor
que consegue mediar aprendizagem para até dezoito crianças, simultaneamente. Ao dar voz
a esses professores, estabeleceu-se um diálogo. Pudemos, então, desvendar a desigualdade
social e as contradições da escola no campo e não do campo. Para o apoio teórico tomamos
por base os estudos de Sérgio Leite (1999); Jadir Pessoa (1997); Carlos Brandão (1990);
Julieta Calazans (1993); Márcia Regina Andrade e Maria Clara Di Pierro ([20--]); Edgar
Kolling, Nery e Mônica Molina (1999) em relação ao estudo da pesquisa no sentido da
educação no campo. O fundamento para as discussões foi encontrado em Marx e Engels
(1977); Marilena Chauí (2003); Gaudêncio Frigotto (1995); Miguel Arroyo (1995); Iria
Brzezinski, Maria Esperança Carneiro e Wanderley Brito (2004); Acácia Kuenzer (1987);
Osmar Fávero (2001); Carlos Jamil Cury (2001) e outros. Procurou-se apreender o
movimento, o processo, as contradições (método dialético) no materialismo histórico
(metodologia) que buscam os fundamentos das sociedades nas formações sócio-históricas e na
relação de produção. Tomando por fundamentação o materialismo dialético, esta pesquisa fez
um recorte para conhecer e tornar evidente a realidade dos professores de sala multisseriada,
dos alunos e pais. A pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada para este estudo. Optou-se, também,
pelo estudo descritivo/analítico, utilizando as seguintes técnicas: entrevistas abertas,
observação livre, anotações de campo e questionário fechado para o levantamento de dados
sócio-econômicos. O critério para a seleção dos professores foi que a escola, em que eles
trabalham, estivesse situada nas fazendas. O entendimento da tênue linha que separa o urbano
do rural apresenta-se quando muitos moradores nas periferias pobres, que se caracterizam mais como produto da degradação da cidade do que, propriamente, do desenvolvimento
urbano, acabam tendo uma relação tensa com a cultura urbana. Como trabalhavam no campo,
reafirmam sua cultura rural de origem. Explicita, ainda, que a escola rural surge em função de
interesses ligados à industrialização e urbanização, recebendo a educação rural tratamento
periférico nos textos oficiais, e a Escola do Campo que se distingue pelo vínculo com o
trabalho e a cultura do campo. Buscou-se mostrar que o ensino na zona rural passa, no início
do século XXI, por um processo de mudança, reivindicada pelos movimentos sociais,
acolhendo as vozes esquecidas de grupos sociais subalternos, mas produtores de saberes e
formas de sobrevivência. Pertencem a esse grupo os malabaristas , ou seja, os professores da
roça , alunos e pais, que em seus depoimentos mostraram uma realidade diversa do discurso
das autoridades municipais.
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Racaud, Sylvain. "Les montagnes Uporoto entre ville et campagne, géographie de flux et integration territoriale en Tanzanie." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967439.
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Les montagnes Uporoto sont un territoire agricole densément peuplé dont les conditions environnementales permettent la production d'une gamme variée de cultures à destination des marchés urbains nationaux. Située à 1700 m d'altitude, à la périphérie sud-ouest de la Tanzanie, la ville de Mbeya compte environ 400 000 habitants. Elle est la métropole régionale et la porte d'entrée pour les pays enclavés de la sous-région. La ville de Mbeya et les Uporoto sont des entités entre l'urbain et le rural et entre plusieurs échelles géographiques. La fonction d'échange prédomine, elle s'appuie sur l'essor d'un modèle agricole basé sur les cultures alimentaires commerciales. A travers une approche systémique, ce travail géographique montre comment le développement agricole et l'urbanisation sont imbriqués et produisent les causes et les effets de leurs dynamiques. Le propos s'organise en quatre parties et neuf chapitres qui analysent comment l'émergence d'un modèle d'intégration fondé sur de nouvelles cultures commerciales, reposant sur un réseau de marchés et sur la complexité des flux, produit un système qui redéfinit la montagne et sa place dans le territoire. La cohésion du système montagnard est fondée sur les complémentarités à l'intérieur du massif et entre ce dernier et les basses terres, elle est imprégnée de logiques commerciales qui renforcent la dépendance des Uporoto vis-à-vis du marché. Cette thèse propose que l'organisation extravertie du système montagnard participe à une fragmentation du massif et à une intégration défaillante au territoire national.
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Westman, Malin. "Women of Thailand : A minor field study about how nine women in urban and rural areas of Thailand look at their lives in the area of education, gender equality and influence in society, from a democratic perspective." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social Anthropology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54542.
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<p>This study is based on a field study carried out in Thailand during November and December 2009. The material is based on in-depth interviews with nine women that live in the northern parts of Thailand. Seven of them belong to the Karen minority group. The purpose of the study has been to highlight the different perspectives that exist in the city, and in the rural region, in the question of education and employment, equality in the household, and participation in society within the political area. The theoretical perspective has been preceded from a democratic perspective at an individual level.</p><p>The results show that education is relevant in how women see themselves, and also gender equality in the household can be connected to influence in social life outside the household. This also shows that traditional norms play an important role. Especially in the case that the woman traditionally in Thailand has been responsible for the household, while the husband in the family has had responsibility for political decisions in society. Education can be seen to provide better conditions in life for women; an opportunity for more jobs, as well as an opportunity for an income. One difference is that for some rural women, educational aims are to learn to read and write Thai, while all the women in the city point out that a degree from the university is important.</p><p>The comparison for women's responsibilities in the household and child-rearing shows that the rural women I interviewed in general are taking a greater responsibility in the household since the husbands are working a lot. The women in the city split the household chores more often between husband and wife. The Karen women I interviewed have highlighted the importance of the family, and then also their relatives. In the past, minority groups have been more vulnerable in the country, which could play a part in that family and relatives still are an additional safety net.</p><p>In the area of participation in society outside the household, women in the rural area strongly believe that participation on a political level is an issue for men. And despite higher degree of education the women don’t have an increasing interest in participating. The women in the rural area though live close to the political authorities, which means that the majority of the women there have spoken directly to the leaders and thus can influence. Here, the level of education does not matter. </p><p>The women in the city have not talked directly to the leaders to the same extent. Meanwhile, one of the women in the city has engaged herself politically. She thinks she could get respect, both as a woman and as Karen. She also sees that the possibilities for women to participate are growing in the cities, where the level of education generally is higher. Though, the other interviewees in the city would not want to be politically active. The only interest for them is to read about the situation and to vote. The women also speak about the leader as corrupt and selfish, which leads to low confidence in politicians. </p><p>Finally, the study shows that traditional norms are still strong in the country, despite education and more equality in the household. Especially that woman should be responsible for the household, while the husband involve in social issues. This is shown particularly in the rural areas. In the city however, this is not highlighted in the same way. The women there have freed themselves more from the traditional norms. And two of the women with a higher degree, can run a household on only one salary. Several of my interviewees have also been moving between urban and rural areas. This makes transition between urban and rural areas not as strong as it were earlier, now it’d more gradual. At the same time the women have an everyday life in the specific social context, which result in that traditional norms are still stronger in the rural areas.</p><br><p>Denna studie baseras på en fältstudie som utförts i Thailand under november och december år 2009. Materialet utgår från djupintervjuer med nio kvinnor som lever i de norra delarna av Thailand. Sju av dessa kommer från minoritetsfolket Karen. Syftet med studien har varit att synliggöra de olika perspektiv som finns, i stad, respektive på landsbygd, i områdena utbildning och arbete, jämställdhet i hushållet, samt deltagande i samhällslivet inom den politiska sfären. Det teoretiska perspektivet har utgått från ett demokratiskt perspektiv på en individnivå.</p><p>Resultaten visar att utbildning har betydelse för hur kvinnorna ser på sig själva, och även jämställdhet i hemmet kan kopplas till inflytande i samhällslivet. Här visar också att traditionella normer spelar en viktig roll. Speciellt i fråga om att kvinnan traditionellt i Thailand har haft ansvaret för hushållet, medan mannen i familjen har haft ansvaret för politiska beslut i samhället. Utbildning ses också som möjligheten till bättre förutsättningar i livet för kvinnorna, en möjlighet till fler jobb, samt en möjlighet till inkomst. En skillnad är dock att hos flera kvinnor på landsbygden syftar utbildning till att lära sig att kunna skriva och läsa Thai, medan alla kvinnor i staden framhåller att en utbildning med universitetsexamen är viktigt.</p><p>I jämförelsen för kvinnornas ansvar i hushållet samt barnuppfostran, visar de intervjuade kvinnorna på landsbygden generellt att kvinnorna tar störst ansvar i hemmet då männen arbetar mycket. I staden är en uppdelning mellan hushållssysslorna större. Samtidigt kan två av kvinnorna i staden klara sig själva på en egen inkomst. De Karen-kvinnor jag intervjuat har lyft fram familjens betydelse, och då också sina släktingar. Tidigare har minoritetsgrupperna varit mer utsatta i landet, vilket kan spela in i att familj och släkt blir ett extra skyddsnät.</p><p>Gällande deltagande i samhället utanför hushållet, menar kvinnorna på landsbygden starkare att detta är en fråga för männen. Trots utbildning för kvinnorna ökar inte intresset för att delta nämnvärt. En av kvinnorna känner dock inflytande med hjälp av sin utbildning. Dock lever kvinnorna närmare de politiska makthavarna på landsbygden, vilket gör att majoriteten av kvinnorna där direkt talat med ledarna och på det sättet har inflytande. Här har inte utbildningsnivån spelat roll.</p><p>Kvinnorna i staden har dock inte i samma utsträckning talat direkt med ledarna. Samtidigt har en av kvinnorna i staden själv engagerat sig politiskt. Hon kände där att hon kunde få respekt, både som kvinna och Karen. Hon ser också att möjligheterna för kvinnor att delta ökar i städerna där utbildningsnivån generellt också är högre. Allmänt är informanterna annars intresserade av situationen och går och röstar. Majoriteten har dock inget intresse av att själva delta. Kvinnorna talar också om ledarna som korrumperade och själviska, vilket leder till ett lågt förtroende för politikerna.</p><p>Slutligen visar studien att traditionella normer fortfarande lever starkt i landet, trots utbildning och mer jämställdhet i hushållet. Där kvinnan ska ansvara för hushållet medan mannen engagerar sig i samhällsfrågor. Detta visas framförallt på landsbygden. I staden är dock inte detta lika tydligt och där har kvinnorna frigjort sig mer från traditionella normer. Flera av mina informanter rör sig också över stora områden och mellan stad och landsbygd. Det gör att övergångarna mellan stad och landsbygd inte blir så starka som de tidigare varit, de blir mer gradvisa. Samtidigt visar informanterna att vardagslivet i det specifika sammanhanget påverkar den sociala kontexten, vilket gör att traditionella normer fortfarande lever starkare på landsbygden.</p>
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Siciliano, Giuseppina <1976>. "Integrated approaches for evaluating development strategies in rural areas: case studies from Italy and China." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/933.
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L’obbiettivo della presente tesi e’ duplice: (i) analizzare la possibile integrazione di modelli multiscala e multicriteriali per valutare l’efficacia di politiche di sviluppo rurale nel raggiungimento di obiettivi di sostenibilita’; (ii) esplorare, tramite l’applicazione dei suddetti modelli, gli impatti economici, ambientali e sociali di specifiche strategie di sviluppo rurale in due aree di studio localizzate in Italia e Cina. L’analisi si basa sulla selezione e valutazione di indicatori multidimensionali, che fanno riferimento ai principali obiettivi delle politiche studiate. Inoltre, un’analisi multiscala e’ realizzata per definire i possibili limiti e trade-off di future politiche di sviluppo a diverse scale di analisi. L’utilizzo delle due metodologie si e’ dimostrato particolarmente efficace per la realizzazione di uno studio integrato in grado di rappresentare, tramite analisi qualitative e quantitative, l’aspetto multidimensionale delle politiche di sviluppo rurale.<br>The objective of this thesis is twofold: (1) to investigate the synergies arising from the implementation of multi-scale and multi-criteria approaches in the evaluation of rural development policies (RDP); (2) to explore the impacts and trade-offs of RDP in two selected case studies located in Italy and China. The thesis argues that multi-criteria and multi-scale approaches can be combined to provide a useful framework with which to structure an integrated analysis of RDP in order to assess their effectiveness in achieving sustainability goals across scales. The analysis is performed by selecting and evaluating multidimensional criteria, which represent the main goals of development policies in the areas of study. Moreover, multi-scale analysis is performed to define boundary conditions and trade-offs for future local development. The use of the two methodologies appears to be very significant to capture both the multidimensional and multi-scale aspects of the Rural Development Policies analysed and to generate several sets of “view-dependent” representations of rural systems that are useful for trade-off assessments.
Books on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Andrew, Ballantyne, ed. Rural and urban: Architecture between two cultures. Routledge, 2009.
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Dasgupta, Biplab. Urbanisation, migration, and urban society in colonial Bengal. Centre for Urban Economic Studies, Dept. of Economics, University of Calcutta, 2005.
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Sawamoto, Akiko. Vietnam's Rural-to-Urban Migrant Families: Educational and Social Inequalities in a Transitional Society. [publisher not identified], 2014.
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Veltmeyer, Henry. Civil society and social movements: The dynamics of intersectoral alliances and urban-rural linkages in Latin America. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2004.
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Janas, Krzysztof. Wieśland, czyli miejska fantazja kryta strzechą: Villageland, an urban fantasy with a thatched roof. Fundacja im. Stefana Kuryłowicza, 2014.
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Kurtz, John Roger. Urban obsessions, urban fears: The postcolonial Kenyan novel. Africa World Press, 1998.
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Szmukler, Alicia M. La ciudad imaginaria: Un análisis sociológico de la pintura contemporánea en Bolivia. PIEB/SINERGIA, 1998.
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Imach, Victoria Cohen. De utopias y desencantos: Campo intelectual y periferia en la Argentina de los sesenta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios Latinoamericanos, 1994.
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Ch'oe, Wŏn-gyu. Ilche sigi Han'guk ŭi Ilbonin sahoe: Tosimin, chiju, Ilbonin nongch'on = Japanese society in Korea during the Japanese colonial period : urban residents, landlords, Japanese rural communities. Hyean, 2021.
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editor, Vatthana Pholsena, ed. Changing lives in Laos: Society, politics, and culture in a post-socialist state. NUS Press, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Shah, A. M. "Myths, Rural and Urban." In The Structure of Indian Society. Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429401268-15.
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Fekete, Alexander, Asad Asadzadeh, Diana Contreras, Johannes Hamhaber, Simone Sandholz, and Dominic Sett. "Urban and rural interdependencies." In Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367854584-19.
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Shah, A. M. "The Rural–Urban Networks in India*." In The Structure of Indian Society. Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429401268-6.
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Zavoretti, Roberta. "Rural-Urban Migration and Social Inequality in Urban China." In Routledge Handbook of Chinese Culture and Society. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315180243-12.
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Liu, Jieyu. "Aging and Intergenerational Ambivalence in China: An Urban–Rural Comparison." In Aging Families in Chinese Society. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003015529-8.
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Ren, Hongbo, and Weisheng Zhou. "Local Low-Carbon Society Scenarios of Urban-Rural Linkage." In East Asian Low-Carbon Community. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4339-9_7.
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Wang, Haowei, Sae Hwang Han, Ping Xu, Jan E. Mutchler, Peng Du, and Jeffrey A. Burr. "Family, Friendship, and Loneliness Among Older Chinese Adults: Urban–Rural Comparisons." In Aging Families in Chinese Society. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003015529-4.
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Sun, Li. "Wage Exploitation: Protests as an Emerging Strategy in Chinese Society." In Rural Urban Migration and Policy Intervention in China. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8093-7_7.
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Thompson, Eric C., Tim Bunnell, and D. Parthasarathy. "Introduction: Place, Society and Politics Across Urban and Rural Asia." In Cleavage, Connection and Conflict in Rural, Urban and Contemporary Asia. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5482-9_1.
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Ren, Hongbo, Weisheng Zhou, and Xuepeng Qian. "Realizing a Local Low-Carbon Society Through Urban-Rural Linkage." In East Asian Low-Carbon Community. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4339-9_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Rahman, Mohammad Ishtiaque. "Beyond City Limits: Exploring Home Health Agency Performance Across Rural-Urban Continuum Codes in the United States." In 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istas61960.2024.10732414.
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Nakashidze, Nunu, Darejan Geladze, Nino Kiknadze, Nani Gvarishvili, and Shota Rodinadze. "UNIQUE ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS OF ADJARA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.45.
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Education is an ongoing process that enables individuals and society as a whole to reach their full potential by developing their abilities. It serves as a crucial prerequisite for sustainable development and the formation of public awareness. Environmental education, which begins in early childhood and continues throughout life, plays a vital role in fostering environmental literacy. Thus, assessing the state of environmental education among school-age students is of great importance. Our research aimed to evaluate the ecological knowledge of students in public schools operating in various municipalities of the Adjara region, including Khulo, Keda, Khelvachauri, and the city of Batumi. A total of 72 students from primary, secondary, and high school levels, with 24 students from each level, participated in the study, representing eight public schools in the mentioned regions. The findings revealed that the level of ecological knowledge among schoolchildren in rural areas was higher compared to students in urban areas, while the ecological awareness of elementary school students in rural schools is higher than that of students of the corresponding level in city schools. This difference can be attributed to the fact that children living in rural areas have more exposure to nature, animals, and plants, and thus have more information about them, resulting in higher ecological awareness. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the levels of ecological knowledge between primary and secondary school students. It was determined that students at all levels were well-versed in environmental aspects such as water pollution, waste management, climate change, biodiversity, forest and soil conditions, and natural disasters. However, there was relatively less awareness about the ecological condition of the air, energy efficiency, and green economy.
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Goodyear, Geoff. "Conducting Helicopter Operations in Northern Labrador and the Arctic." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9601.
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While helicopters are used for a myriad of purposes in rural and urban environments, their true potential can be measured by the support they can offer in extreme and remote areas. This paper describes a Northern Canadian operator, Universal Helicopters Newfoundland and Labrador LP, the equipment used, the tasks performed, the working conditions and the risks and challenges faced . The principal areas of operation include the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, the Ungava Peninsula and Canada's high and eastern Arctic. The company operates 19 light and intermediate helicopters in one of the most challenging environments in the world. The aircraft are equipped with operational equipment and accessories for operation in temperature extremes which test not only the machinery but the crews that fly and maintain them. A Safety Management System is in place to properly identify and manage the unique risks of operating in the north as well as logistical support that recognizes associated added costs. The presence of multiple aircraft and their adjacency to remote communities often results in requests from authorities to assist in Search and Rescue operations. Despite challenges from wildlife, weather, topography and a long distance supply and communications chains, operators are able to conduct helicopter operations to support scientific research and natural resource development.
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GUSTA, Sandra. "TRAGEDY IN ZOLITUDE – A LESSON FOR CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.017.
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Our modern society insists on the countryside reaching into the city. To make the urban environment more beautiful we make green roofs and improve the backyards by designing children’s playgrounds and organizing recreational zones. We create a sustainable environment for future generations to have a comfortable life. However, one must not forget that the attractive green roofs of buildings are serious engineered structures. First and foremost the safety issues have to be taken into consideration during the construction and operation stages. On November 21, 2013 Maxima shopping center’s roof collapsed in Riga, Latvia causing 54 deaths and creating international news. The collapse of the supermarket in the Latvian capital Riga has been described as "murder", by the country's president Andris Berzins. It is the deadliest disaster in Latvia since it regained independence in 1991. The causes of the collapse need to be studied in detail. This report is the authors’ independent attempt to find the cause based on photographic evidence and literature observes. This article is based on a study conducted by the students and teachers of Latvia University of Agriculture. The article provides the reasons for this tragedy basing on the analysis. The author considers that the tragedy was the result of the coincidence of circumstances caused by mistakes in the calculation of building structures.
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VALIŪNĖ, Dovilė. "AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AGGRESSION AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.046.
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Social innovation is very important for rural development. It is a lack of researchers about an individual level of social innovations in Lithuania. Adolescents’ aggression is an important social problem that can affect society and social innovations. It needs to find the differences in aggression between rural and urban adolescents because it could help to plan effective interventions for reducing aggressive behavior. The present study aimed to assess the aggression among rural and urban adolescents. It was hypothesized that rural and urban adolescents differ significantly on aggression. In order to verify the above hypothesis a sample of 479 (207 boys; 272 girls) students were selected from Lithuanian schools. The sample includes the similar size of rural (N=242) and urban (N=237) students. The age of participants was from 12 to 17. It was used Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) in this research. The questionnaire involves four subscales: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The results showed that urban girls had more physical aggression than rural girls. However, it was not found statistically significant differences in physical aggression among urban and rural boys. Also, it was not found any statistically significant differences in verbal aggression, anger, hostility among urban and rural adolescents.
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Noviawati, Puput, Siti Nuzulia, Dr Marlina, and Anna Undarwati. "The Psychological Condition Differences Between the Rural and Urban Poor Society." In 9th International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ICSET 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icset-17.2017.18.
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KOBIAŁKA, Anna, and Renata KUBIK. "EFFICIENCY OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF POLISH COMMUNES IN RURAL AREAS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.207.
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The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of investment activity in the communes in Poland. The commune is a basic unit of local government in Poland, and rural and urban-rural communes constitute the vast majority of municipalities. Communes in their own name and on their own account carry out public tasks that cover all tasks of local interest, including technical and environmental infrastructure. Despite many researches on the efficiency of communes, there are no studies on selected activities as well as on rural areas only. The nonparametric method of technical efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in the study. The inputs and the effects of investment activity of rural and urban-rural communes in 2007-2013 were compared. This period was related to the duration of EU support programs. The study was conducted on the basis of data from the Local Data Bank which is Poland's largest database of the economy, society and the environment. The ranking of investment activity for communes were made based of the calculated average for indicators of efficiency. The studies conducted show that the amount of expenditure incurred on the studied spheres of investment activity of the analyzed communes does not translate into their efficiency. This is connected with the possibility of obtaining additional funds from EU. Information on the use of EU funds for financing the municipal investments were not included in the study due to lack of data before 2010. Among the analyzed rural and urban-rural communes the most efficient ones were located in the Mazowieckie, Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships, although they were not fully efficient throughout the considered period. Due to its closeness to the capital, the municipality of Mazowieckie voivodeship belongs to an area with a high degree of urbanization. Communes from the Świętokrzyskie and Lubelskie voivodships belong to regions characterized by a high share of rural areas. The dynamic development of infrastructure is extremely important in terms of divergence between regions of the country.
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Khripkova, D., K. Khripkov, S. Vangorodskaya, G. Gaidukova, and A. Krasovskyi. "Methods of Analysis of Demographic Behavior of the Population of Rural Territories as a Necessary Element of Overcoming Depopulation and Reproduction of Russian Society." In International scientific and practical conference “Smart cities and sustainable development of regions” (SMARTGREENS 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.1.1.076.
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The article examines the features of the analysis of demographic behavior of the population of rural areas. It is indicated that currently there is an objective need to develop an interdisciplinary and systematic approach to the analysis of demographic behavior, its structural elements, clarification of the methodological foundations, as well as the theoretical justification of the mechanisms for regulating this process. This task is especially relevant for rural areas. It is noted that the demographic behavior of the population of rural areas is influenced by specific factors, primarily related to the characteristics of rural areas as a unique social organization. The specific features of rural areas in the context of demographic behavior include economic, infrastructural and social features such as: weak diversification of rural employment; decline in the standard of living of the rural population; high share of the poor in rural areas; poor development of social infrastructure in sparsely populated settlements; closer (in comparison with urban areas) family and neighborhood ties that ensure interaction between individuals; the greater severity of the factor of attachment to place, identity; the greater role of traditions, customs and rituals; the severity of social control over individual behavior, especially from the older generation; significant influence of public opinion on the behavioral attitudes of the individual.
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Hanninger, Lisa-Marie, Jessica Laxa, and Diane Ahrens. "Rural areas on their way to a smart village - experiences from living labs in Bavaria." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.7.
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This paper presents an overview of the approaches and experiences from existing living labs: german rural villages in which several digital solutions had been developed and implemented. The test villages have been selected based on a competition and are funded by the Bavarian state government in the project "Digitales Dorf" (Engl. digital village). Started in 2016 several measures had been taken to push digitalization in these rural areas with the goal to create equivalent living conditions to urban areas. The research question is how digitalization enhances the value of rural areas and which methods can be used to overcome the digitalization gap with a transferable and simple approach. This paper focuses on the transformation process rather than digital solutions, and presents requirements and best practices to promote digitalization in rural environments, their municipal processes and traditional approaches in everyday life.
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Chang, H. S., and K. W. Tsou. "Analysis of the digital divide of information literacy for rural-urban in Taiwan." In INTERNET SOCIETY 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/is060191.
Full textReports on the topic "Urban and rural society"
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Callaghan, Timothy H., Alva O. Ferdinand, Samuel D. Towne Jr, Marvellous Akinlotan, Kristin Primm, and Jane Bolin. Cancer Mortality in Rural America. Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/1969.1/201263.
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For scholars and policymakers alike, understanding the burden of cancer on society is a critical topic for investigation. Cancer consistently ranks as the second leading cause of death in the U.S., and cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal areas are particularly problematic. This policy brief works to understand the scope of cancer mortality in urban and rural areas of the U.S. and across census regions. It finds that age-adjusted mortality rates are higher for lung, prostate, and colon cancer in rural areas than in urban areas but also that mortality rates are lower for breast and cervical cancers in rural areas than in urban areas. In addition, this brief identifies important discrepancies in cancer mortality across regions, with lower rates in the West for all analyzed cancer types except prostate cancer, and higher rates for most cancers in the rural South.
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Barrera-Osorio, Felipe, and Mauricio Olivera. Does Society Win or Lose as a Result of Privatization?: Provision of Public Services and Welfare of the Poor: The Case of Water Sector Privatization in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011282.
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This paper studies the effects of water sector privatization on consumers' welfare in 46 municipalities in Colombia. The paper evaluates the impact of privatization on access, price, and quality of water as well as health outcomes using differences-in-differences methodology with variation across time (before and after privatization) and between treatment and control groups (privatized and non-privatized municipalities) and controlling for household and municipality characteristics. The results show positive effects of privatization, in particular in urban areas. There are four main results: (i) Privatization in urban areas increases access, has positive effects on the quality, and improves health outcomes. (ii) Privatization increases the price of water in the lower quintiles, although these effects may be the result of the joint implementation of privatization and the elimination of cross subsidies. (iii) In privatized municipalities with better governmental technical capacities there are positive effects on access, prices and quality. (iv) The positive effects of privatization in rural areas on the frequency of the service and on health outcomes are outweighed by negative impacts on access and prices.
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Martin, Lucie, Adam Shier, Ylva Andersson, Shane Timmons, Deirdre Robertson, and Pete Lunn. Perceptions of climate change and policy among farmers and the public in Ireland. ESRI, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26504/rs207.
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This study investigates how farmers, rural residents, and urban residents compare when it comes to perceptions and understanding of climate change, as well as willingness to make changes in their lives to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study takes place in a context where there is an urgent need to act together to reduce GHG emissions across multiple sectors of the economy, yet any real or perceived divisions in society – between farmers and non-farmers, between rural and urban residents – can threaten collective action to curb climate change. The study has two primary motivations. First, making progress on reducing GHG emissions from agriculture is particularly important in Ireland, because emissions from agriculture are higher than those of any other sector (Environmental Protection Agency, 2024a). Ireland produces more than twice the agricultural emissions per capita of any other European Union country. Second, the success of climate policy depends heavily on people’s willingness to engage in collective action, but divisions between social groups (or perceptions thereof) can threaten this willingness. Thus, disagreement between groups about the nature of the collective challenge and the science behind it needs to be avoided. Accurate measures of how people in different social groups view climate change and policy can help to identify and, hopefully, correct misperceptions and misunderstandings that have the potential to cause conflict.
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Islam, Asiya, and Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.
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This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.
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Scala, Dante, and Kenneth Johnson. Beyond Urban Versus Rural:. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.298.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region: An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:2.2001-3876.
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Now, more than ever, is Nordic collaboration required across all levels of governance to help overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and to solve the shared challenges posed by climate change and growing urban-rural divides. This policy brief examines six good practice examples of collaborative public service delivery from across the Nordic Region, highlighting the main drivers, challenges and enablers of collaboration and the replication potential of these Nordic collaborative examples. The policy brief finds that new and innovative models of Nordic collaboration are constantly emerging thanks to rapid technological developments that are helping to bring stakeholders together to solve common societal challenges. The high levels of cooperation outlined indicate that collaborative governance is continually evolving within the Nordic context.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Asher, Sam, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Paul Novosad. Rural Spillovers of Urban Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001756.
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De Weerdt, Joachim, and Hanne Van Cappellen. Can urban growth reduce rural underemployment? International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136899.
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