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1
Neely, Runa. "Political Tolerance Amongst Swedish Rural and Urban Youth." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374101.
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Axblad, Clara. "Food for Change: Exploring rural-urban linkages among youth in Guatemala." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21330.
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As the world grapples with increasing urbanization, population growth, climate change and depleting natural resources, there is an increased recognition that more food will have to be produced with fewer resources while food consumption has to shift rapidly towards more sustainable patterns. Meanwhile, although many are willing to work in and innovate agricultural practices, young people in rural areas still struggle to access the resources needed to be part of this shift, not to mention to make a living. In Guatemala, more than 90 % of young people engaged in agriculture work in the informal sector. In such a context of insecure labour conditions combined with strong vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, migration to cities or abroad is often a result of push rather than pull factors.Through an inductive methodological approach based on qualitative interview research with a small yet broad sample of stakeholders, this study explores the potential of rural-urban linkages to help strengthen opportunities for rural youth in Guatemala. By supporting information exchanges on the value of local small-scale food production and conscious consumption, it also aims to promote sustainable development in a broader sense. Four areas of inquiry are investigated with the goal of generating evidence-based recommendations on framing, messaging and channels that could be used as a foundation to build on when promoting local produce in urban and peri-urban markets.Interviewees agree on the importance of agriculture and many see a need for raising awareness on the value of local small-scale food production for advancing all dimensions of sustainable development. This coincides with a broad interest within a limited test group for accessing such information. Suggested communication channels range from social media via branding to goodwill ambassadors. Messaging should be short and impactful and focus on mutual benefits for producers and consumers, including for personal health and community development. Local food is believed to have a particular potential to promote perceptions of a common identity, supporting efforts to tackle historical and current barriers for linking urban and rural areas closer together.Future research could look at successful initiatives to strengthen rural-urban linkages among youth, as well as on the increasingly porous borders between rural and urban areas and identities. Reassessing classifications of rural producers and urban consumers could hopefully contribute to more circular and sustainable models of development.
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Ripienski, Kathy. "Rural compared to nonrural does hometown size affect career certainty in college freshmen? /." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008ripienskik.pdf.
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Nahar, Vinayak K., Meagen Rosenthal, Stephenie C. Lemon, Kevin Kane, Jie Cheng, Jessica L. Oleski, Wenjun Li, Joel J. Hillhouse, and Sherry L. Pagoto. "Youth Access to Indoor Tanning Salons in Urban Versus Rural/Suburban Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12364.
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Background/Purpose: Research suggests that youth proximity to tanning salons may promote use; however, little is known about tanning salon proximity to schools. We assessed the proximity of tanning salons to schools in urban versus rural/suburban communities across Worcester County, Massachusetts (population > 800K). To put findings in context, we compared school proximity to tanning salons to school proximity to McDonald's restaurants, a large franchise that also caters to young people.
Materials & Methods: Accessibility was measured by ArcGIS 10.2 Network Analyzer (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) and the most current road network data layer from Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT).
Results: A total of 145 schools were observed in the study area, of which about 39% of schools were within 1 mile from a tanning salon. Urban schools (53.41%) had a higher proportion within 1 mile of a tanning salon than rural/suburban schools (17.54%; P < .001). More schools (39.31%) were within 1 mile of a tanning salon than schools within 1 mile of a McDonald's (22.70%; P < .001).
Conclusions: Schools may be particularly impactful for implementing skin cancer prevention programing.
5
Elgar, Frank J. "Rural-urban differences in stress, coping styles and behavioural problems in adolescents." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ42372.pdf.
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Donaldson, Helen Coughlin. "The middle of nowhere : town design and sense of community in rural youth." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33406.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
This thesis tests the theory behind the new urbanist call for "modem version[s] of the traditional town" with respect to one physical design feature: the clearly defined town center. It asks the question: how does the existence of a town center, which, as prescribed by new urbanism, integrates commercial, recreational, and civic facilities in close proximity, affect sense of community in rural youth? The findings of this study, at least in part, support the new urbanist theory. Students in an area with a strong center do appear to display stronger feelings of basic need fulfillment, membership, and more positive feelings in general regarding their community. However, in other respects, students in the area without the center exhibited a much stronger sense of community, feeling much higher degrees of attachment, identity, and influence. The strong sense of community exhibited by the students in an area without a center may well be a product of that area's edges, and may begin to elucidate the role of other physical (and potentially social) boundaries in fostering sense of community.
by Helen Coughlin Donaldson.
M.C.P.
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Squires, Albert R. "Predictors of fitness levels of western Arctic youth in both urban and rural settings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24923.pdf.
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Pearce, Sean. "The Relationship Between Place and Youth Volunteerism: Building Bonds and Breaking Barriers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36854.
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Volunteerism is a popular form of community engagement among youth and can involve helping organizations, such as nonprofits, as well as directly assisting neighbours or friends through informal types of helping. A large body of research has examined the different ways in which economic, social, and cultural resources impact on volunteerism. Fewer studies have considered the influence of place characteristics. This dissertation comprises three studies. The first study used secondary data to explore the moderating effects of urban/rural place of residence and certain resources (e.g., religiosity, work status) on youths’ volunteer propensity and intensity. Results revealed significant urban/rural interactions. For example, belonging to youth groups (versus not) was particularly a strong lever for rural youth volunteerism, while higher religious attendance frequency was associated with greater volunteer intensities for urban youth. The second study used a mixed methods approach to investigate urban/rural differences in motivations for and barriers to volunteering, and skills acquired. Financial costs were associated with nonvolunteer status for rural youth, while urban nonvolunteers reported lacking interest. During the interviews, youth described reasons for volunteering, challenges to volunteering, and strategies to improve volunteerism. These discussions differed by urban/rural residence. Rural youth reported more contextual barriers, whereas urban youth questioned the significance of their impact. Rural youth discussed volunteering more as a general learning experience, whereas urban youth tended to mention specific skills they acquired (e.g., technical, interpersonal). In the third study, the relationships between perceptions of the neighbourhood environment (e.g., cohesion, amenities) and volunteer outcomes were explored. Results revealed that neighbourhood cohesion was particularly important to informal volunteering. Further, different clusters emerged based on volunteer type (informal/formal) and level of intensity. The findings from this dissertation suggest that understanding youth volunteerism within a socio-ecological perspective can widen our understanding of the volunteer process, including antecedents, challenges, experiences, and outcomes. This research may have practical implications for nonprofit organizations. For example, methods of outreach should consider how the environment impacts on volunteerism when trying to recruit young volunteers. Finally, the literature on youth volunteerism may benefit by adopting a holistic approach to volunteerism that considers the different ways in which place characteristics, rather than only individual-level factors, influence youth community engagement.
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Xoko, Tobeka. "Insights of urban and rural female youth regarding the nature and consequences of sexual risk behaviour." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60443.
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Like other developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is faced with the following social welfare issues: teenage pregnancies, high HIV rates, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and a high number of abortions. South Africa is dealing with the repercussions of risky sexual behaviour of female youth on a daily basis and these include: youth with STDs, teenage pregnancies, HIV infection, cervical cancer, abortion, and youth selling their bodies for money. All of these can lead to serious health risks. There are psychological and behavioural factors associated with the risk of STDs like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Gebregiorgis, 2000:15). Gebregiorgis reported that understanding sexual risk behaviours is one of the most important issues in preventing the spread of HIV and AIDS. Doing so will result in the design and implementation of health education programmes with the view of preventing these infections, or at least minimising their occurrence (Damtie, 2013:1). Very limited research has been done on this topic in South Africa and Africa. A need for a similar study was recommended in Ethiopia, where it was stated that no published empirical studies were available on factors relating to sexual risk behaviours in rural districts such as the Enemay District, East Gojjam Zone of Ethiopia (Anemaw, 2009:5). Hence, this study will explore and describe factors that may influence female youths to engage in unsafe sexual behaviours.
The focus of the study was on the risky sexual behaviour of female youth in rural and urban areas. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the nature and consequences of risky sexual behaviour of female youth in rural and urban areas. The research question of this study was: do female youth in urban and rural areas have insight regarding the nature and consequences of their risky sexual behaviour?
A qualitative approach was followed with a case study research design, as the researcher wanted to compare cases in urban and rural areas. The population was school-going females aged between 18 and 20 years in Gauteng province. There were two targeted groups of population. The first one was in Kameeldrift Village, Hammanskraal in Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng province, classified as a rural area. The second population was in Tembisa, Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng province, classified as an urban area. In this study non-probability, purposive sampling was used to generate a sample. The criteria for sampling participants were as follows:
? Female youth between the ages of 18 and 20 years old.
? Female youth who are sexually active, as they request contraceptives at the clinic.
? Female youth who are from Ivory Park in Tembisa and Kameeldrift Village in Hammanskraal, both in Gauteng.
Twelve participants, namely six female youth from a rural area and six from an urban area, who were at the above-mentioned clinics to access family planning within the above-mentioned age groups were chosen for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants individually. Interviews were voice recorded with the permission of the participants and were transcribed by the researcher. The data was analysed by the researcher and themes and sub-themes were generated. The research findings were presented by providing a profile of the research participants and presenting a thematic analysis of the themes and sub-themes, including literature and verbatim quotes from the transcriptions to support the findings. The themes included the following: Theme 1 Knowledge of female youth regarding reproductive health; Theme 2 Knowledge of preventative measures and prevention of pregnancy; Theme 3 Sexual risk behaviour and exploration of multiple sexual partners or concurrent partners; Theme 4 Consequences of risky sexual behaviour; and Theme 5 Attitudes experienced as a result of consequences of risky sexual behaviour. The conclusions of this study reflect that that a limited understanding of reproductive health is a contributing factor to the sexual risk behaviour displayed by female youths in both rural and urban areas. It was further concluded that fear of dealing with the consequences of risky sexual behaviour does not prevent female youth from early sexual debut. Another conclusion is that early sexual debut is the biggest factor to risky sexual behaviour, as the majority of participants started engaging in sexual activities very early in life while they were not mature enough to negotiate safer sex practices.
Recommendations of this study can be used by professionals working with female youth in the health field in order to understand the dynamics involved, such as the biological, psychological, and social influences that result in the sexual behaviour of female youth. These will address the complex issues related to environmental influences that shape risky sexual behaviour of female youth.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
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Pearce, Gregory D. "Student perspectives on the nature of pre-university career support : an urban/rural comparison /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36163.pdf.
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Armstrong, Laura L. "The Anatomy of Rural-Urban Youth Suicidal Ideation – Who is at Greatest Risk. What Factors to Target. How to Intervene." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20217.
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Suicide embodies a considerable but often preventable loss of life. As the second leading cause of death for young people in Canada between the ages of 15 and 24, nearly one-quarter of all annual deaths for this age group are accounted for by those who have died by suicide. Greater still is the prevalence of suicidal behaviour. Annually, suicide and suicidal behaviours across the age span are estimated to cost the Canadian economy $2.2 billion. Given the high personal costs to victims, survivors, and taxpayers, it seems crucial that prevention strategies be implemented to reduce the high rate of suicide and suicidal behaviours, as well as to promote mental health, particularly in youth. The promotion of positive mental health and well-being is especially relevant for youth living in rural areas. Fewer mental health resources are available in rural communities than in urban centres. Moreover, youth living in rural, low population density areas often do not believe that their anonymity and right to privacy would be protected if they were to seek mental health services. The present research was carried out to provide a potential foundation for stimulating mental health promotion and suicide prevention approaches, differing by rural and urban community and by gender, before such concerns emerge. Through a survey of 813 (459 rural youth; 354 urban youth) secondary school youth in Eastern Ontario, we examined the inverse association between suicidal ideation and engagement in extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, drama, or community groups.
Who is at greatest risk: It was found that rural youth reported significantly more suicidal thoughts than did urban youth (p < .01). Perceived social support accounted for rural and urban differences, while difficulties coping with daily stressors accounted for gender differences, in self-reported suicidal ideation. Thus, “red flags” for communities at risk could include perceived deficits in social support within a given community, as well as having a number of young females who indicate poor coping with daily stressors.
What factors to target: Depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support differed in importance in the prediction of suicidal ideation based on rural-urban setting and gender. Results reflecting differences underscore the importance of examining such factors in mental health research. A “one size fits all” approach to youth mental health promotion and suicide prevention does not appear to be a prudent strategy.
How to intervene: Youth engagement was explored as one possible means of intervention. In rural youth, personally meaningful engagement and engagement in a number of activities was directly inversely related to suicidal ideation. Regression analyses involving interaction analyses were carried out with youth engagement as a moderator for mental health indicators such as depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, self-esteem, and social support in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Through simple slope analyses, it was found that youth engagement significantly reduces the relationships between suicidal ideation and mental health indicators, particularly for males (p < .001). Therefore, youth engagement appears to be more universally beneficial for rural youth, given that rural dwelling appears to be a risk factor for suicidal ideation. Moreover, for male youth at risk for suicidal ideation, given depressive symptoms, risk behaviours, low self-esteem, and low perceived social support, youth engagement may be of particular benefit.
With knowledge of who is at greatest risk for suicidal ideation, what factors to target, and a possible intervention road map, we can reach youth and foster resiliency before suicidal thoughts emerge.
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Mahoney, Elizabeth D. "Return Migration: A Study of College Graduates Returning to Rural U.S. Homes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MahoneyED2009.pdf.
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Gaylor, Elizabeth M. "Physical fighting and suicidal ideation among students in Uganda a comparison between boys and girls in an urban and rural setting /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/61/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Monica H. Swahn, committee chair; Jeffrey E. Hall, committee member. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-70).
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Noruka, Asanda. "An appraisal of the role of the National Rural Youth Service Corps in youth development in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5795.
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Youth unemployment is a global problem, but more-so in Southern globally positioned countries such as South Africa. The government of South Africa has implemented different interventions that attempt to alleviate national youth unemployment. Some of these programmes, such as the National Rural Youth Service Corps (NARYSEC), specifically target youth in rural and peri-urban areas. NARYSEC aims to develop skills of the youth in rural and peri-urban areas as well as assist in rural development. Despite the introduction of NARYSEC, unemployment among the youth continues to be a problem. Against this background, this study sought to examine rural youth and development interventions implemented by NARYSEC in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Furthermore, the study assessed the extent to which NARYSEC interventions are contributing to rural youth and development in peri-urban Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. Lastly, the study examined the limitations of NARYSEC interventions in peri-urban youth development. To achieve the above objectives, the study used a qualitative research approach. The sampling procedure was purposive as the research required specific participants who have gone through NARYSEC training. A total of 24 respondents were eventually selected. In-depth, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were the primary data collection tools. Some of the main findings are that NARYSEC provides various skills training programmes which prepare young people for the labour market. NARYSEC interventions are also helping communities to reduce crime through providing youth employment opportunities. Furthermore, some youth actively participate in rural development projects such as rehabilitation of local clinics and construction projects. However, the study also found that there are a number of limitations and challenges that are experienced in the implementation of the NARYSEC programme. These challenges include lack of strategic planning in the programme, irregular stipend payments, strained professional relationships between NARYSEC programme facilitators and youth participants, limited passion and commitment to the programme by both youth participants and facilitators.
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Bishop, Madison. "Taking Up Space: Community Formation Among Non-Urban LGBTQ Youth." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1431882184.
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Peter, Bongeka. "Post-2008 voter apathy among the youth in the Eastern Cape : a comparative study of urban and rural municipalities." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/630.
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This dissertation deals with the nature of the black middle-class assimilation in the South African suburban space, a space that was the sole preserve of the white middle-class during apartheid. It explores the relationship between these races as they come to meet in this space and what new identities are being formed. It also explores the relationship between both the black and white suburbanites and the urban poor who stay in an adjacent area to the suburb. The study uses the Beacon Bay area, which is constituted by one of East London’s most affluent suburbs and a poor township, Nompumelelo, to show how the emergent black middle-class has managed to enter this space in the post-apartheid era. Previous studies by Richard Ballard (2004) and Grant Saff (2001) have shown how the white middle-class has always been against any form of race or class mixing. Within the suburb, the new black suburbanites in Beacon Bay appear to have been welcomed but with conditions by their fellow white counterparts. The relationship between these two races does not stretch beyond meet and greets and it is only in the second generation black middle-class that you find better and non-superficial relations with fellow white suburbanites. In the older generation, the generation that experienced apartheid, the relationship between these two races has been that of tolerance and serious escape of contact unless when necessary. The children of both white and black families, though, have a far better relationship in school and in sport than their parents. This has created another area of contact for both these races and it bears potential for meaningful integration in the suburban space. Externally as it relates to relations between the black middle-class and the urban poor, the findings show that these new black suburbanites express a similar discomfort as the white suburbanites about the urban poor’s presence in the area. This shows that the evolution of the Beacon Bay suburb, with its deep-rooted discourse of white middle-class exclusivity, has not been entirely about hatred of the urban poor necessarily but about an identity ascription of what it means to live in a suburb. Despite these realities traditional ceremonies organised by the black middle-class in the suburbs and the church appear to be playing a role in creating relations between these suburbanites and the Nompumelelo residents. This is why we have decided to use the conceptualisation of the 18th century frontier zone as the borders of segregation within the suburb and between the suburban residents and those of the township can be crossed and re-crossed.
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Nyström, Liv, and Jessica Korneliussen. "Alkoholens gråzon : Popularitet, grupptryck, föräldrars alkoholsyn samt ortstorlekens relation till ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55236.
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I Sverige hamnar ungdomar mellan 18 och 19 år i en gråzon angående laglighet och alkohol. Tidigare forskning finns i mängder om ungdomar och alkohol, men en lucka finns gällande Sveriges gråzon. Denna studie hade som syfte att besvara hur relationen mellan ungdomars alkoholkonsumtion och popularitet, grupptryck, föräldrars alkoholsyn samt ortstorlek såg ut. Enkäten besvarades av 128 gymnasieungdomar i både mindre och större orter i Sverige. Frågorna gällande alkohol baserades på IQ:s alkoholprofil, och frågorna om popularitet och grupptryck konstruerades ursprungligen av Santor et al (2000). Materialet analyserades i SPSS genom en multipel regressionsanalys och Pearsonkorrelationer. Resultaten visade främst att grupptryck var den starkaste prediktorn för ökad alkoholkonsumtion. Vidare visade det sig att strikta föräldrar genererade lägre alkoholskonsumtion, och att mindre orter innebar mer olagligt drickande. Studien kan bidra till ökad förståelse för ungdomars alkoholkultur samt kan vara till nytta för skolhälsan.
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Gaylor, Elizabeth Mae. "Physical Fighting and Suicidal Ideation among Students in Uganda: A Comparison between Boys and Girls in an Urban and Rural Setting." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/61.
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Research regarding youth involvement in physical fighting and suicidal ideation has been primarily conducted in western countries, such as the U.S., and limited information is available on this subject in sub-Saharan Africa. This study used data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to analyze the prevalence and correlates (i.e., bullying victimization, loneliness, having no friends, sadness, alcohol use, and drug use) of physical fighting and suicidal ideation among students, both boys and girls in Uganda. In this study, 10.1% of urban students and 15.2% of rural students reported engaging in both physical fighting and suicidal ideation. Rural students overall have a higher prevalence of physical fighting, being bullied, suicidal ideation, alcohol use and drug use when compared to urban students. Other risk factors vary among boys and girls in urban and rural settings. Gender and urban/rural differences indicate that interventions among boys and girls and urban and rural students should be adapted to address the needs of the specific groups.
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Carneiro, Aline Cunha de Paula. "Representações em movimento: jovens estudantes do batatal, entre o urbano e o rural." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2661.
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Essa dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa acerca das relações urbanas e rurais vividas pelos jovens estudantes volantes, filhos de trabalhadores rurais, moradores do bairro Batatal, localizado em Lima Duarte – MG. Portanto, o foco da investigação voltou-se para oito jovens estudantes, com idades entre 14 e 17 anos, que, para darem continuidade ao estudo, necessitam se deslocar do bairro para uma escola que fica no centro da cidade. Para tanto, utilizo uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo, onde as entrevistas semi-estruturadas com o apoio das fotografias buscam compreender como os estudantes representam suas histórias de vida permeadas pela relação urbana-rural. O suporte teórico-metodológico está alicerçado em Doreen Massey, Yi-Fu Tuan, Raymond Williams, Milton Santos, Valmir Stropasolas, José de Souza Martins e Oliveira Jr. As fotografias realizadas pelos jovens estudantes expressam significados pelos quais se definem e se constroem o espaço. Os comentários sobre as imagens produzidas expressam a maneira como eles vivenciam seus deslocamentos, construindo um ambiente em que o urbano e o rural não aparecem dissociados.
This paper is the result of a research experienced by urban and rural young flywheel students, rural workers children, Batatal residents, located in Lima Duarte - MG. Therefore, the focus of research turned to eight young students, aged from 14 to 17 years, which, to continue the study, need to travel from their neighborhood to a school in the town. For that, I use a qualitative methodology, where the semistructured interviews, supported by photographs, seek to understand how students represent their life stories, permeated by the urban-rural relationship. The theoreticalmethodological support is grounded in Doreen Massey, Yi-Fu Tuan, Raymond Williams, Milton Santos, Ana Fani, Valmir Stropasolas, José de Souza Martins and Oliveira Jr. The photographs taken by young students express means by which the pictures define and build themselves The comments about the images produced express how they experience their movements, building an environment in which urban and rural do not appear separated.
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Chantavilasvong, Wan. "To see things from the other end : rural development through the lens of local youth in the context of urbanization : the case of Tambon Pang Tawai, Amphoe Pang Sila Tong, Kampaeng Phet, Thailand." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117825.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [178]-179).
The global phenomenon of rural-urban migration presents a great number of challenges, especially for cities in developing countries like Bangkok. While there is an urgency for cities to better accommodate their marginalized emigrant population, not many planners look into rural areas where migration actually begins. Specific to Thailand, most of the migrating population from country to city are in the working age. With the exodus of this population new problems begin to emerge in rural towns which include a lack of care for elders and parental care for children. Furthermore, the brain drain phenomenon also diminishes life and economic vibrancy in rural areas. At the same time, those who migrate into cities are often at risk of being marginalized. In many parts of Thailand, where amenities such as roads, education, and healthcare, have already been provided, migration continues despite some people's preferences to live back in rural areas. Tambon Pang Tawai, Amphoe Pang Sila Tong, Kampaeng Phet, Thailand serves as a case study of a typical rural town with low density, most of whose population work on farms. Furthermore, its proximity to the Mae Wong National Forest also presents an interesting relationship between the rural lifestyle and the natural environment. Thus, the development process of Tambon Pang Tawai has the potential become a model for many other rural towns with similar contexts. By using photography and participatory workshops as tools to engage youth and glean insights from their perspectives, this research found ways in which rural areas in Thailand can be improved and sustain themselves socially, economically, and environmentally. Additionally, the methodology of this research can also contribute to a cross-disciplinary framework of education and community development.
by Wan Chantavilasvong.
M.C.P.
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Anne, Ouma. "From Rural Gift to Urban Commodity : Traditional Medicinal Knowledge and Socio-spatial Transformation in the Eastern Lake Victoria Region." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81049.
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As we celebrate all the dynamic and dramatic improvements in human health care in the 21st century, life in much of Africa begins with and is sustained with the support of traditional medicinal knowledge. Research on traditional medicinal knowledge (TMK) is extensive, but rather few studies have been written about Traditional Healers' (THs') own perceptions about TMK and practices in relation to changing societal dynamics. The aim of this thesis is to examine how THs perceive on going socio-spatial transformation, including contemporary processes of urbanization, migration, commercialization and commodification of TMK, as well as changing dynamics of learning and knowledge systems between generations and genders and how these affect their medicinal healing practices in time and space. The thesis consists of four main empirical chapters, which derive from different data sources including literature, documentation review and qualitative interview material. The findings in this thesis can be summarised as follows: First that TMK today exists side by side with modern health systems, in what are seen as complex patterns of medical pluralism that provide evidence of an evolving role the TH plays in primary health care, in the rural and urban space. Youthful migrating population dynamics that are linked to historical processes, have effectively carved an emerging cross-sectoral role of the TH in the formal space. Secondly the developing legislation on IPR and ABS in parallel with the representation of an earlier official formal governance around TMK in Tanzania; and the difference in the sectors where TMK is anchored in the two contexts, could have paved way to some earlier collaborative mechanisms, that today provide space to enable a more natural engagement between formal and informal organizations involved in the governance of TMK in Tanzania. Thirdly, the practical ways in which TMK learning processes, which are characterized by learning systems in place, being sent and visiting sacred places that are lived by an apprentice over a number of years, have increasingly come under pressure. Fourthly the thesis shows approaches by THs, encouraging the youth to access conventional medicinal education followed by, or in parallel with TMK learned through traditional pedagogies employed by the THs themselves. The youth’s keen interest in learning TMK is seen to increase when they view improved livelihood possibilities due to the commercialization of medicinal plants. The future of TMK learning processes may be limited unless incentives are put in place for the youth regarding their future livelihoods. Fifth, gendered and generational dimensions suggest that older and some younger female THs reemphasize the values of the gift and TMK in a climate of increased commodification and commercialization of TMK, where TMK increasingly meets neoliberal processes, engaging an alternative paradigm than the gift economy, where a predominance of male TH’s in the urban space and places, increasingly define the diversification of the TMK livelihoods. The gift provided by a higher power and which is embedded in a particular cosmological view, to be used as a social service to help the community, is increasingly evolving as an emerging tested force in a changing ideological climate, with an increasing awareness of commodification, commercialization, IPR and ABS issues surrounding TMK. It implies awareness in relation to the increased benefits of commoditized and commercialized medicinal plant knowledge (which THs hold) for other individuals and institutions. The TH profession and TMK is seen as entering a contested IPR/ABS arena at a time when increasingly socio-spatial transformations are modifying its role from that of a gift to an owned commodity. However while the practice of TMK has changed over time and space, presenting new challenges as well as opportunities, it is also seen as a threat that anyone today can sell and market TMK products.
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Costa, Maria Regina Caetano. "O futuro entre o rural e o urbano: um estudo de caso sobre a juventude rural no Município de Morro Redondo-RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2428.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-15The rural population has experienced changes in terms of occupation of its workforce and, mainly, in their conditions of income earning. These changes affect differently the diverse sectors of this population. Among the family farmers have been occurring an important process of rural areas abandonment, especially by the young, who search in the urban environment the accomplishment for their life projects. The youth, who identified in the agricultural activity a fertile field for their professional achievement, began to realize other activities unrelated to agriculture. The reproductive strategies of rural families eventually are adapted to the socioeconomic context in which they live. One can also observe that the likely crises and changes in rural areas affect the construction of the projects of the rural youth, then they start to reformulate the familiar or individual strategies, in distinct social and economic contexts. This study is characterized as a sequence of a research work that originated a dissertation defended at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas in 2006, whose target audience were high school students from the School Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, in the urban perimeter of Morro Redondo, RS, Brazil. Facing this scenery we intended, through a case study, to return to these these young people in order to investigate which are the professional strategies that have been adopted by the rural youth for the permanence or desertion of the area in the municipality of Morro Redondo city, RS. To evaluate the current information and the information obtained in the earlier period, we used qualitative and quantitative methodology combined, in order to cross the produced speeches. The interviews allowed us to conclude that the uncertainty of a fixed payment is manifested as an element that contributes to the youth to the abandon the familiar activity and the continuity of the formal education has shown itself as strategy to achieve their life projects, thus threatening the possibility of succession in family production units.
A população do meio rural vem experimentando mudanças em termos de ocupação da sua força de trabalho e, principalmente, nas suas condições de obtenção de renda. Estas mudanças afetam os diversos setores desta população de modo distinto. Entre os agricultores familiares tem ocorrido um importante processo de abandono do meio rural, principalmente pelos jovens, que buscam no meio urbano a realização para os seus projetos de vida. Os jovens, que identificavam na atividade agrícola um campo fértil para a sua realização profissional, passaram a perceber outras atividades desvinculadas da agricultura. As estratégias de reprodução das famílias rurais acabam sofrendo adaptações ao contexto socioeconômico em que vivem. Pode-se também observar que as prováveis crises e mudanças no meio rural afetam a construção dos projetos dos jovens rurais, então estes passam a reformular as estratégias familiares ou individuais, em contextos sociais e econômicos distintos. Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma sequência de um trabalho de pesquisa que originou uma dissertação de mestrado defendida junto a UFPel no ano de 2006, cujo público-alvo foram jovens estudantes de ensino médio da Escola Nosso Senhor do Bonfim, no perímetro urbano de Morro Redondo-RS. Perante este cenário, pretendeu-se através de um estudo de caso, retornar a estes jovens para investigar quais as estratégias profissionais quem vem sendo adotadas pela juventude rural para a permanência ou abandono do meio, no município de Morro Redondo. Para avaliar as informações atuais e as informações obtidas no período anterior fez-se o uso combinado de metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa, a fim de cruzar os discursos produzidos. As entrevistas permitem empreender que a incerteza de uma remuneração fixa se manifesta como um elemento que contribui para que a juventude abandone a atividade familiar, e a continuidade da educação formal vem apresentando-se como estratégia para a realização dos seus projetos de vida e, ameaçando assim, a possibilidade de sucessão nas unidades de produção familiares.
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Junges, Dóris Mariani. "Jovens rurais de Iracema do Oeste." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2248.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-25This study indicates the profile of young rural de Iracema do Oeste. The analyzed literature points an immigratory tendency still expressive throughout the world direct to the urban environment and for the inexistence of studies related to those youths who remain in the countryside. The formulation of the research problem based in the reasons of the countryside youths remain. The tested hypothesis in the current study was that the remain of the youths from Iracema do Oeste in the countryside would justify for the access facilities to services once only found in the urban environment. The countryside improvement deriving from the modernization occurred in the last decades, pointed out by the authors in the bibliography review would be amplifying a franchise, opening new possibilities of consumption for the population from the countryside. The rural youths also would not isolate anymore. The means of communication, the transport facilities, the telephony systems and the study conditions would approximate the countryside and the city. Beyond these factors and changings in the countryside, the pluriactivity, synonym of the diversification of the use of the rural space, joined the mentioned changings, could be an alternative of income and the abidance of the youths in the countryside. Nevertheless the raised hypotheses are not confirmed. The obtained replies through questionnaires applied to youths from the countryside from Iracema do Oeste show that the choice for the abidance in the countryside is regulated to a positive evaluation about their own lifestyle, however with the advance of the age and the necessity of having a profession, the choice of leaving the countryside is eminent. The possibility of self income acquiring also did not confirm, even in properties of diversified production. The tendency for the abidance is clearly in the youths from families until four components that possess self property that do not work out of the property without self income and with low level of schooling.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi apontar o perfil de jovens rurais de Iracema do Oeste. A literatura analisada aponta para uma tendência imigratória ainda expressiva em todo o país rumo ao meio urbano e para a inexistência de estudos voltados àqueles jovens que permanecem no meio rural. A formulação do problema de pesquisa baseou-se então nos motivos da permanência dos jovens no campo. A hipótese testada no presente estudo foi a de que a permanência de jovens de Iracema do Oeste no meio rural se justificaria pelas facilidades de acesso à serviços outrora só encontrados no meio urbano. As melhorias no campo, decorrentes da modernização ocorrida nas últimas décadas, apontadas pelos autores na revisão bibliográfica, estaria ampliando uma rede de serviços, abrindo novas possibilidades de consumo para as populações rurais. Os jovens rurais também não estariam mais isolados. Os meios de comunicação, as facilidades de transporte, os sistemas de telefonia e as condições de estudo aproximariam o campo e a cidade. Além destes fatores e mudanças no cenário rural, a pluriatividade, sinônimo de diversificação do uso dos espaços rurais, aliada às mudanças mencionadas, poderia ser uma alternativa de renda e de permanência dos jovens no campo. Contudo as hipóteses levantadas não se confirmaram. As respostas obtidas por meio de questionários aplicados a jovens rurais de Iracema do Oeste mostram que, a escolha pela permanência na área rural está pautada a uma avaliação positiva sobre o próprio modo de vida, porém com o avanço da idade e a necessidade de se estabelecerem profissionalmente, a escolha por deixar o campo é eminente. A possibilidade de obtenção de renda própria também não se confirmou, mesmo em propriedades de produção diversificada. A tendência pela permanência é evidenciada nos jovens pertencentes a famílias de até quatro componentes, que possuem propriedade própria, que não trabalham fora da propriedade, sem renda própria e com baixo nível de escolaridade.
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Furlani, Daniela Dias. "Juventude e Afetividade: Tecendo Projetos de Vida." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8224.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA pesquisa buscou compreender a afetividade de jovens de duas realidades distintas: um ambiente rural do interior do Cearà e um ambiente urbano em Fortaleza-CE. Relaciona a afetividade (sentimentos e emoÃÃes) dos jovens, em relaÃÃo ao lugar onde moram, com o projeto de vida destes sujeitos. Parte da perspectiva histÃrica cultural que enfatiza a dialÃtica e a busca da superaÃÃo da dicotomia, tais como afetividade/racionalidade, subjetividade/objetividade. Investiga o projeto de vida de jovens, envolto por uma realidade objetiva tambÃm por uma dimensÃo subjetiva de homens histÃricos. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os projetos de vida de jovens do ambiente rural do municÃpio de Cruz (CE) e de jovens de um ambiente urbano de Fortaleza, a partir da afetividade (sentimentos e emoÃÃes) em relaÃÃo ao ambiente do qual fazem parte. Participaram da pesquisa 38 jovens de ambos os sexos, com idades variando entre 13 e 19 anos - sendo 19 jovens moradores de um ambiente urbano de Fortaleza-CE e 19 de um ambiente rural de Cruz-CE. Para apreensÃo dos afetos, utilizou-se o mÃtodo dos mapas afetivos (Bomfim, 2003) e para um aprofundamento de questÃes relacionadas ao projeto de vida foram utilizadas entrevistas baseadas em um questionÃrio semi-estruturado. A anÃlise dos dados qualitativos foi realizada por meio da anÃlise de conteÃdo e de uma anÃlise estatÃstica complementar. O fato de alguns jovens morarem em ambiente rural e outros em ambiente urbano nÃo diferiu completamente seus projetos de vida. Constatou-se que os jovens demonstram uma limitaÃÃo quanto à diversidade de projetos de vida. Percebeu-se que a maioria dos jovens està muito presa ao presente imediato - estudar e/ou trabalhar -, e que se limita a essa realidade. Observou-se influÃncias dos ambientes (rural e urbano) sobre algumas caracterÃsticas especÃficas de seus projetos de vida. Identificou-se que os jovens do ambiente rural tendem a buscar mais cedo trabalho, sendo estes trabalhos informais, sem a garantia de direitos trabalhistas, o que lhes gera uma inseguranÃa em relaÃÃo ao lugar que moram. Este fato se relaciona com o projeto de morar em outro lugar na busca por melhores oportunidades de trabalho. Jà em relaÃÃo aos jovens do ambiente urbano, identificou-se uma queixa em relaÃÃo à violÃncia urbana, gerando sentimentos de contraste em relaÃÃo ao lugar em que habitam. Os jovens do ambiente urbano expressaram um maior desejo de ingressar na faculdade do que os jovens do ambiente rural. Conclui-se como necessÃria a disseminaÃÃo de prÃticas sociais que visem um posicionamento crÃtico do sujeito diante das questÃes sociais e particulares que lhes cercam.
This research has searched the understanding of important aspects the affectivity of young from two distinct realities: the young people of an rural area in the countryside of Cearà state (BrazilÂs Northeast) and the young people of urban area in Fortaleza, capital of CearÃ. . We related the affectivity (feelings and emotions) of the young people for the place where they live with the project of life of these citizens. We used an historical and cultural perspective, that emphasizes the dialectic t he search of the overcoming of the dichotomy, such as affectivity/rationality, subjective/objective. The research has investigated the question of the Project of Life of young individuals, adopting an objective reality lived by the individuals, and also a subjective dimension of historical men . The research had as objective to analyze the projects of life of young individuals of both Cruz (CE), a rural town, and Fortaleza (CE), an urban city), observing the affectivity in relation to the environment of which they were part. 38 individuals of both sex took part in this research, with ages varying between 13 and 19 years - being 19 young inhabitants of urban environment and 19 of agricultural environment. For apprehension of the affection, the method used was the affective maps (Bomfim, 2003) and for a deepening of questions related to the project of life we used interviews based on a questionnaire. The analysis of the data was made in a qualitative way, focusing its contents, with a complementary statistic analysis. Among the conclusions, we noticed that enviromental issues are not determinative but have some influences on young peopleÂs Projects of Life, and that the dissemination of social practices that encourage critical positioning among young citizens are necessary.
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Farias, Adeline Araújo Carneiro. "Os significados da tensão rural – urbano entre jovens rurais: identificações e projetos de vida." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6103.
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IFRR - Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima
A presente tese apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que visou compreender os significados que os jovens rurais que vivem em Roraima, atribuem à tensão rural-urbano, analisando sua interferência no processo identitário e em seus projetos de vida. Para tanto, realizamos as técnicas de grupos focais e entrevistas individuais junto a oitenta e seis jovens rurais que vivem em quatro localidades diferentes e dispostas em pontos extremos e central do estado de Roraima. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, considerado como marcadores de diferenciação duas faixas etárias das juventudes, o sexo, a naturalidade, a localidade em que residem e a auto identificação etnorracial. Foram considerados ainda, aspectos vinculados ao intenso processo migratório e a localização de fronteira do estado de Roraima. Identificamos que as percepções e significados que os jovens rurais conferem aos meios urbano e rural, impactam em seus processos identitários, visto que tal construção opera por meio da contingência e diferenciação. Assim, tais significados também influem sobre seus conflitos acerca de projetos de vida.
The present thesis shows the results of a survey that aimed to understand the meanings that the rural youth living in Roraima impose to the rural-urban tension, analyzing its interference in their identity process and life projects. Thus, we performed the techniques of focus groups and individual interviews with eighty-six rural youth who live in four different localities and arranged in extreme and central parts of the state of Roraima. Data were analyzed using the analysis technique of thematic content, considered as markers of differentiation two age groups of youths, sex, naturalness, the locality where they live and self-ethno racial identification. Were still considered aspects linked to the intense migratory process and the boundary location of the state of Roraima. We identified that the perceptions and meanings that the rural youth impose to the urban and rural areas impact on their identity processes considering that such construction works through contingency and differentiation. Thus, these meanings also influence on their conflicts about the life projects.
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Adeyemi, Adedayo [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Mansmann. "Assessing predictors of HIV infection among Out-of-school Youths in rural and urban areas of North Central Nigeria / Adedayo Adeyemi. Betreuer: Ulrich Mansmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1076981216/34.
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Kummer, Rodrigo. "Juventude rural, entre ficar e partir: a dinâmica dos jovens rurais da comunidade de Cerro Azul, Palma Sola/SC." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2007.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research analyzes the social factors related to the process and the dynamics that are established with the rural youth from going out and getting the / in the countryside. The discussion is based on a study among young rural community of Cerro Azul in the municipality of Palma Sola, confined to the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. This community, made from the 1940s, had historically its economic base in agriculture and demographic guided. However, currently there is an intermittent decrease of its population, being predominantly young population that is decreasing. This change is justified by the large number of young people who have left the countryside and agricultural activities to reside in urban areas. But not all young people who choose to leave the field. Some remain in the community and are directly involved with farming and agriculture. However these are not decisions of no return. As far as getting out are provisional and procedural decisions. Are phenomena that occur as related behaviors, fluids and not necessarily defined. Speaking generally references the expression "seeing how it goes", that is, even if there is the intention to remain there sure between going and staying. Stay is a temporary decision and subject to change, given the sense of life course and social conditions made available and achievable. There is an expectation and a desire to see themselves embodied improvements in rural areas that are described as "opportunities" - which reads: job opportunities in the field and take the actual conditions of agricultural activity. We discuss, in summary, the factors related to the decision to leave and to stay as well as the dynamics that young people who are in rural areas are in life that play.
Esta pesquisa analisa os fatores sociais relacionados ao processo e às dinâmicas que se estabelecem com os jovens rurais entre sair e ficar do/no meio rural. A discussão baseia-se num estudo entre jovens da comunidade rural de Cerro Azul localizada no município de Palma Sola, circunscrito a região Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Esta comunidade, constituída a partir da década de 1940, teve historicamente sua base econômica e demográfica pautada na agricultura. Entretanto, atualmente verifica-se uma intermitente diminuição de sua população, sendo predominantemente a população jovem que vem decrescendo. Essa alteração se justifica pelo grande número de jovens que tem abandonado o campo e as atividades agrícolas para residir no meio urbano. Todavia não são todos os jovens que optam por abandonar o campo. Alguns permanecem na comunidade e estão envolvidos diretamente com a atividade agrícola e agropecuária. No entanto, essas não são decisões sem volta. Tanto sair quanto ficar são decisões provisórias e processuais. São fenômenos que se verificam como comportamentos relativos, fluídos e não necessariamente definidos. O discurso em geral referencia a expressão: vendo no que vai dar , isto é, mesmo que há a intenção de permanecer não há certeza entre ir e ficar. Ficar é uma decisão temporária e passível de mudança, dado o sentido de trajetória de vida assumido e as condições sociais disponíveis e alcançáveis. Existe uma expectativa e um desejo de verem-se consubstanciadas melhorias no meio rural que são descritas como oportunidades onde se lê: oferta de empregos no campo e condições efetivas de assumir a atividade agrícola. Discutem-se, em síntese, os fatores relacionados à decisão de partir e de permanecer, bem como as dinâmicas que os jovens que estão no meio rural constituem na vida que desempenham.
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Munishi, Emmanuel J. [Verfasser], and Axel W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Drescher. "Rural-urban migration of the Maasai nomadic pastoralist youth and resilience in Tanzania : case studies in Ngorongoro District, Arusha Region and Dar es Salaam city = Land-Stadt-Migration junger Maasai-Nomaden und Resilienz in Tansania : Fallstudien zum Ngorongoro District und der Stadt Dar es Salaam." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/112274241X/34.
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Bowman, Shannon. "Urban Places for Youth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378195163.
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Mai, Dan T. "Sustaining family life in rural China : reinterpreting filial piety in migrant Chinese families." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8e679650-a857-4f3c-a5c1-770a1bff848e.
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This study explores the changing nature of filial piety in contemporary society in rural China. With the economic, social and political upheavals that followed the Revolution, can 'great peace under heaven' still be found for the rural Chinese family as in the traditional Confucian proverb,"make yourself useful, look after your family, look after your country, and all is peaceful under heaven"? This study explores this question, in terms not so much of financial prosperity, but of non-tangible cultural values of filial piety, changing familial and gender roles, and economic migration. In particular, it examines how macro level changes in economic, social and demographic policies have affected family life in rural China. The primary policies examined were collectivisation, the hukou registration system, marketization, and the One-Child policy. Ethnographic interviews reveal how migration has affected rural family structures beyond the usual quantifiable economic measures. Using the village of Meijia, Sichuan province, as a paradigmatic sample of family, where members have moved to work in the cities, leaving their children behind with the grandparents, the study demonstrates how migration and modernization are reshaping familial roles, changing filial expectations, reshuffling notions of care-taking, and transforming traditional views on the value of daughters and daughters-in-law. The study concludes that the choices families make around migration, child-rearing and elder-care cannot be fully explained by either an income diversification model or a survival model, but rather through notions of filial piety. Yet the concept of filial piety itself is changing, particularly in relation to gender and perceptions about the worth of daughters and the mother/ daughter-in-law relationship. Understanding these new family dynamics will be important for both policy planners and economic analysts.
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Atherton, Rinnel Gunnersinda Hamm Jill V. "Adolescent adjustment in rural Appalachian youth." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2962.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Chu, Kwok-yung. "An urban hostel : traveler's forum /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25956024.
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Kridler, Jamie Branam. "Evaluating Youth Violence in a Rural Community." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5857.
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Iglesias, Adam. "Ethnic Identity Development among Rural Adolescent Youth." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2308.
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The current study evaluated the factor analytic structure and developmental trajectory of ethnic identity, as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, (MEIM) among early rural adolescents. The convergent validity of the measure for rural youth was also examined. The sample for this study was drawn from a larger longitudinal study focusing on violence prevention efforts with an early adolescent sample residing in rural Florida. The final sample size for these secondary analyses was 5,695 participants. The sample was 53 % Caucasian, 24% Latino, 15% African American, and 8% Other. The mean age of the students was 11.3 years. Data were collected at seven time points. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the entire sample to determine whether a two-factor model was a satisfactory fit for the entire sample at Times 1-7. Individual growth curve modeling was used to determine ethnic identity trajectories. This study demonstrated that the MEIM taps into two factors (Exploration and Commitment) for rural adolescents. Moreover, the findings demonstrated multigroup equivalence across waves 1-7 of data collection for the Caucasian, African American, and Latino groups. Further, results from the growth curve modeling procedures indicated that Caucasian participants demonstrated a greater increase in Exploration relative to Latino and African American participants. Lastly, results from the convergent validity analyses indicated that Commitment was negatively related to attitudes towards violence and positively related towards attitudes towards nonviolence. Implications for future research and prevention programs that incorporate ethnic identity constructs are discussed.
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Lee, Sudhamma. "Rural-Urban Migration in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533797.
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Almeida, Mara Elisabete da Silva. "Urban preferences for rural landscapes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12387.
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A crescente procura social por paisagens rurais, nomeadamente pelas suas funções
não produtivas, tem sido evidente na região mediterrânica. Os urbanos tornaram-se
novos utilizadores do espaço rural principalmente pelas actividades de recreio e como
local de residência e para identificar quais os requisitos destas funções no âmbito da
gestão da paisagem e do espaço rural torna-se necessário um conhecimento mais
vasto no que respeita às preferências de paisagem destes utilizadores. O objectivo
deste estudo é identificar as preferências de paisagem dos urbanos. Um questionário
baseado em fotografias foi o suporte para 308 entrevistas aplicadas em 10 concelhos
do Alentejo. Este questionário foi aplicado a oito grupos de utilizadores com origem
urbana (habitantes rurais, novos rurais, chefes de exploração, caçadores, utilizadores
com segunda residência, visitantes regulares, turistas e eco-turistas). Os resultados
indicam que existe uma clara diferenciação nas preferências dos urbanos,
condicionada pela funcionalidade associada à paisagem rural, pela nacionalidade e
pela ligação que os utilizadores têm à agricultura. Apesar da divergência de
preferências os resultados demonstram que a agricultura tem uma forte influência nas
escolhas dos urbanos e que os valores de consumo, embora estejam na base das
funções que estes utilizadores procuram no espaço rural, estão fortemente associados
a valores de protecção e produção; ### ABSTRACT:
Society’s’ growing demand for rural landscapes, mainly for its non-productive functions,
has been observed in Mediterranean rural landscapes. Urban dwellers became new
users of the countryside mainly for residential and recreational activities. To identify the
requirements of these functions in the landscape and rural space management, a
better understanding is needed regarding landscape preferences expressed by these
users. The aim of this study is to identify landscape preferences among urban rooted.
A photo-based survey, applied in 10 municipalities in the Alentejo region, Southern
Portugal, was the support for 308 interviews carried out to eight groups of landscape
users (rural inhabitants, new rural inhabitants, landowners, hunters, second residents,
regular visitors, tourists and eco-tourists) all with an urban living background. Results
show that preferences among urban rooted diverge according to landscape’s functional
aspects, user’s nationality and connection to farming. Despite the variance on
preferences results demonstrate that farming has a strong influence on preferences
among all urban users. Consumption values, although being in the basis of urban
user’s main purpose in rural space, are closely connected to production and protection
values.
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Knorr, Lilian (Lilian M. ). "Youth and cities : planning with low-income youth and urban youth cultures in New York City and Paris." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95578.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 287-302).
Are the cities of North America and Europe governed, built, and planned by authorities to encourage youth development or facilitate repression? Youth and Cities: Planning with Low- Income Youth and Urban Youth Cultures in New York City and Paris is an investigation into the experience of urban youth by (1) examining the impact of youth policy regimes and neoliberal urbanization processes on the challenges young people face, the opportunities they have and the capacities they can build; and (2) looking at the myriad ways that young people utilize and transform urban space in their everyday lives through their cultural activities, such as hip hop, skateboarding, pick-up basketball and graffiti. Combining empirical research with urban theory, the project seeks to develop a set of conceptual tools for understanding the relationship between youth, the state and the urban environment. Young people are avid users of urban space, yet urban environments and governance practices only variably encourage the development of youth cultural movements. In the context of heightened anxiety about youth violence and growing youth unemployment, a central question behind this project is: what is the potential role of urban planning and design in promoting the wellbeing of young people living in low-income communities? The project's overall objective is to explore the potential role of urban planning and design in improving youth contexts and outcomes. Case studies are based on research in Paris and New York City, due to their vibrant youth cultures, high densities, and different governance strategies regarding the spatial practices of urban youth. As such, the two cities represent different physical landscapes and policy environments for young people. In Paris, the state is actively involved in the youth field and so, young people have a richly developed environment of resources. Many young people, however, feel cordoned off to such facilities and so seek greater engagement with the city as a whole. The Paris case shows that the provision of amenities is not tantamount to extending the 'right to the city' to young people. Conversely, in New York City, there is still much hesitance towards recognizing youth through the allocation of urban space and as such, young people depend largely on private actors and community organizers for spatial resources. The urban design politics of these landscapes reveal the tension between neoliberal urbanization processes and positive youth development. Spatially, policy in New York City shifted from making cities more habitable for young people to making youth more manageable for cities. Socially, urban policy moved from supporting social programs to facilitating market interests. The goal of reducing youth's footprint on the built environment - to render them invisible, so to speak - results in landscapes that provide fewer and fewer opportunities for young people to transform and appropriate urban space. In Paris, decades of place-making have entrenched youth space in the city, making it harder for the state to disinvest young people of their spatial resources. Despite different youth policy regimes and urban landscapes, young people in both cities are avid users of urban space and are captivated by similar cultural movements. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldwork with young hip hop artists and local youth, the project identifies the ways that young people use the built environment to express themselves. By analyzing the visual cultures of the environments they transform, their use of social media to promote their goals, and the ephemeral ways that they appropriate space, I propose a model of freestyle urbanism. In New York in particular, young people with few spatial resources use and transform leftover spaces such as parking lots, alleyways, and abandoned buildings to meet their needs. These spaces enable a form of urban use and intervention that transforms space spontaneously and ephemerally.
by Lilian Knorr.
Ph. D.
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Lee, Kwok-cheung Andy. "An urban activity focus for the youth." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950745.
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Pinnock, Wesley. "Training youth leaders in the urban church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
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Lee, Kwok-cheung Andy, and 李國祥. "An urban activity focus for the youth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984666.
Full text
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Garavito, Cecilia. "Education and Youth Employment in Urban Peru." Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117243.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this paper is to analyze which variables determine that young people who still live with their parents study, work, combine both activities or stay away from them. We are interested in what is it that keeps young people in the educative system, even if they are working, and if there are differences related to gender roles. We work with a model of efficient cooperative negotiation between parents and the son or daughter, and estimate a Multinomial Logit regression with data for urban Peru in the year 2014. We find that young people will stay in the educative system, even if they are working, when their negotiation power at home is high, when their opportunity cost is low, and when their parents have a higher level of education.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar qué determina que los jóvenes que aún viven en la casa de sus padres se encuentren estudiando, trabajando, combinado ambas actividades, o fuera del sistema educativo y de la fuerza laboral. Nos interesa determinar qué mantiene a los jóvenes en el sistema educativo, aun si están trabajando, y si existen diferencias por género. Partimos de un modelo de negociación cooperativa eficiente entre los padres y el joven, y estimamos una regresión Logit Multinomial con datos del Perú Urbano para el año 2014. Encontramos que los jóvenes se mantendrán en el sistema educativo aun si están trabajando, mientras mayor sea su poder de negociación en el hogar, menor su costo de oportunidad, y más años de estudios tengan sus padres.
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Stevos, Joyce L. "Youth in action : a study of developing citizen identity /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188849.
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Boyd, Chris. "Employment decisions: The case of Peruvian rural youth." Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117500.
Full textAbstract:
This paper identifies the determinants of employment for rural young people aged 15 to 29 from the National Survey of Youth (Enajuv 2011), the first such survey representative of Peruvian rural youth. Data from this survey shows that rural unemployment is half of the urban rate, and that participation rates in labor markets are higher for rural youth. The pattern is different for rural young women, only 62.1% of whom provide labor to the market. The results, from a logit model, show that the decision to enter the labor market is closely linked to the decision to study and to undertaking unpaid family work. Moreover, the high percentages of youth engaged in unpaid family work (39% for men, 42% women) seem to show that the decision to participate in the labor market is made at the household level and not individually.Este documento identifica los determinantes de la inserción laboral para los jóvenes rurales de 15 a 29 años a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud (Enajuv, 2011), la primera encuesta representativa de los jóvenes rurales peruanos. Esta encuesta evidencia que el desempleo rural es la mitad del desempleo urbano y las tasas de actividad son mayores para los jóvenes rurales, pero el patrón es diferente para las mujeres jóvenes rurales, de las cuales solo el 62,1% ofrece mano de obra al mercado. Los resultados, a partir de un modelo logit, muestran que la decisión de insertarse en el mercado laboral se encuentra muy ligada a la decisión de estudiar y a la realización de trabajo familiar no remunerado (TFNR). Sin embargo, los altos porcentajes de jóvenes que realizan TFNR (39% para los varones, 42% para las mujeres) parecen mostrar que la decisión de inserción laboral es tomada a nivel del hogar y no individualmente.
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Olson, Jeffrey L. "The Evolution of Urban-Rural Space." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376926850.
Full text
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Rogers, Peter. "Youth, urban management and public space : reconciling social exclusion and urban renaissance." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/727.
Full textAbstract:
The city is under siege. It is under siege from capital and from the entrepreneur. Projects for regeneration of public spaces in commercial core of the city have increasingly become modelled on notions of economic success developed in partnership with the commercial interests of the private stake-holder, rather than civic notions of participatory appraisal. As such, the public spaces of the city centre are more and more defined by commercial concepts of 'appropriateness', supported by the mistrust and fear that underpins the contemporary normative moral landscape of collective public experience. Public spaces are less and less free and creative, and new entrepreneurial institutions of urban management influence the control of activities; activity and morality appear to become more and more legislated and regulated, and those on the margins of the normative conceptual acceptability are increasingly targeted as antisocial nuisances. This is an interdisciplinary research project addressing the tensions in urban renaissance,a s they unfold in the city centre of Newcastle upon Tyne. The research highlights the effect of changing systems and processes of spatial management upon the use of key public spaces in the city centre, particularly emphasising stylistically distinct youth groups or 'collectively distinct tribes'. The focus is on the tensions between the local council, the local police, the traders around the Old Eldon Square area and the stylistically distinct youth groups, known as 'Skaters', 'Goths' and 'Charvers' or 'Chavs'. Conflict between these groups has led to a rise in the awareness of these tensions amongst the general public, the business community and the social and security managerial institutions tasked with maintaining and developing the city centre. This research unpacks the interplay of spatial production emphasising the differences between tribal narratives of lived experience in situ and the renaissance driven strategic planning of the city centre in order to distinguish how far there is a separation between the conceptual space of the manager and the lived realities of diverse youth groups. This is all the more relevant in the light of recent changes to behavioural legislation, the perception of what is appropriate activity in public and the pressures that an increasingly fearful public urban culture place upon young people in public spaces of the city.
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Benner, Aprile Dawn. "Using piecewise growth modeling to understand urban youth's experiences of the transition to high school." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467892101&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Choi, Carol Y. (Carol Yunsook) 1976. "System dynamics approach to address urban youth homocide." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80058.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50).
by Carol Y. Choi.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Romani, Sahar Pervez. "Generation NGO : youth and development in urban India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8d8d9f1-f358-431a-bb48-50db9ab4f129.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is about the role of NGOs in the lives of subaltern youth in urban India. It is an ethnography on the everyday lives of young people between the ages of 18-32 from impoverished 'red-light areas' in Kolkata who grew up participating in NGO youth programmes. This thesis investigates how NGOs partake in a process of subject making, and how young people interact with and improvise NGO subjectification to better their own lives in a world- class aspiring city. The youth featuring in this dissertation spent their childhood and adolescence either residing in NGO shelter homes or regularly attending NGO drop-in-centres in their neighborhoods. They came of age attending NGO education programmes, job skills trainings, and human rights workshops. Grounded in 13 months of fieldwork, my ethnography tells the stories of young people’s lives after their participation in NGO programmes, amidst their everyday worlds of work, consumption, and politics. My examination of the young people’s post-NGO daily lives in Kolkata makes three key contributions. First, it reveals the contradictions of NGO development. It examines the ambivalent effects of NGOs on subaltern young people’s gender and class identity, as well as their social and political subjectivity and mobility. Second, it illustrates the plural forms of agency practised by urban marginalised youth. My thesis demonstrates how young people are not just passive recipients of NGO development opportunities, but active negotiators of development as they interact with NGOs and navigate its attempts to regulate youth. Third, it illustrates how NGOs and post-NGO youth both foster and trouble class divisions in the world-class aspiring city of Kolkata. I illustrate how young people develop cultural dispositions that straddle across subaltern and middle classes and unsettle class boundaries but not inequalities. This dissertation argues for ethnographic attention to the everyday lives of post-NGO youth as an analytical lens to theorise NGOisation and global city processes in contemporary India and the greater global South.
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Leyshon, Michael. "Youth identity, culture and marginalisation in the countryside." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251155.
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Lee, Vivienne H. 1976. "Youth credit unions : investing in the future of our communities with the youth of today." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68396.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-105).
Youth credit unions have emerged in the United States as a relatively new and innovative community youth development program. It is a twist of youth development and financial literacy. The basic idea of a youth credit union is to develop financial and leadership skills of young people through youth savings accounts, financial literacy education, asset development opportunities, and professional/personal development skills. These services are often administered by community development credit unions that partner with schools, faith-based institutions, or local community development organizations. The concept behind youth credit unions is to provide young people with the skills and wealth necessary to mature into healthy and financially self-sufficient adults. This thesis discusses three case studies of youth credit union programs in Ithaca, New York, Seattle, Washington, and Marks, Mississippi and applies the lessons learned from these programs to evaluate the effectiveness of their program designs. The cases were assessed based on four key considerations: 1) How many youth are impacted or benefiting from the program? 2) Are the programs servicing underserved or underrepresented groups? 3) Is there a certain scale that needs to be achieved to make this type of program worthwhile for the youth and the community development credit union? 4) Do youth credit unions effectively address financial literacy within the activities of the program? The findings resulted in recommendations of basic criteria necessary for an effective youth credit union program and support the need for additional research to evaluate the impacts of this program on improving the personal, professional, and financial health of young adults.
by Vivienne H. Lee.
M.C.P.