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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban and suburban greenery'
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Krzyżaniak, Michał, Dariusz Świerk, Magdalena Szczepańska, and Piotr Urbański. "Changes in the area of urban green space in cities of western Poland." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 39, no. 39 (March 1, 2018): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2018-0005.
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AbstractExtensive and continuous areas of urban greenery are essential for the proper functioning of cities and for achieving optimal natural conditions. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in the areas of public green space of Szczecin, Poznań and Wrocław in the years 1996–2013, and compare data on public greenery with demographic data and changes in the spatial development of the described cities. We used a linear regression and exponential regression to explain the results. In our opinion, it is necessary to establish the appropriate proportion of public greenery to the built-up areas in cities. Otherwise, we will be observing an adverse reduction of green areas in relation to residential areas. Surveys also indicate the need for action to prevent the outflow of population to the suburban areas.
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Wojtyszyn, Bogusław. "Spatial Development of Regensburg/Ratyzbona Towards the City of "Green" Housing Estates." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2020-0014.
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AbstractThis article raises important issues related to global threats to the urban environment and methods of its protection on a scale from urban planning to architectural design. The research undertaken in this respect was conducted on the selected medium-sized German city of Regensburg/Ratyzbona. This is a city that has for many years been implementing a spatial development policy in line with the principles of sustainable development. The research results obtained present very interesting design solutions for the way they have been implemented in order to constantly improve the ecological effect of urban development. The basic element strongly associated with the sustainable development of Regensburg's buildings is its Urban Greenery System that takes into account the natural and cultural heritage of the city and its suburban areas. This system is, as the research has shown, legally protected and, in a model-based way, expanded both on the scale of the city and of each housing estate. The presented results of research on this type of ecological project also relate to pilot analyses of the construction projects of the “green” Burgweiting-Mitte housing estate and reconstruction together with the restoration of the historic “green” Ganghofersiedlung housing estate.
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Janeczko, Emilia, Ernest Bielinis, Roman Wójcik, Małgorzata Woźnicka, Wojciech Kędziora, Adrian Łukowski, Mohamed Elsadek, Katarzyna Szyc, and Krzysztof Janeczko. "When Urban Environment Is Restorative: The Effect of Walking in Suburbs and Forests on Psychological and Physiological Relaxation of Young Polish Adults." Forests 11, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050591.
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Background and Objectives: Physical activity, recreation and walks successfully counteract negative symptoms of stress in people, especially in large cities, and have many positive psychological and physiological effects. There are many studies showing that contact with nature plays an important role in the regeneration of the human body. The city is not without green enclaves such as forests, parks or greenery along the streets. However, it is not entirely clear how the different physical characteristics of the urban space affect mood improvement, increase of positive feelings, vitality level, etc. Materials and Methods: In the study, two urban environments (apartment and green suburbs) were used, as well as two forests (coniferous and deciduous) to measure the impact of these environments on human physiological and psychological relaxation during a walk in a randomized experiment. The participants of the experiment were 75 young adult Poles studying in the largest Polish agglomeration, Warsaw. Before each experiment, the physiological and psychological state of the participant was measured indoors (pre-test). Four psychological questionnaires were used in the project (Profile of Mood States; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; Restorative Outcome Scale; Subjective Vitality Scale), and physiological measurements (heart rate, blood pressure) before and after the short walking program were evaluated. Results: As a result of the analyses, it was shown that both staying in an urban environment with greenery and staying in a forest environment have a positive effect on the physiological and psychological relaxation of the subjects. A short walk in the suburbs was no less attractive than a walk in the forest in fall. The above indicates that various places with urban vegetation can be successfully used for recreation, just as in a forest where forest bathing is practiced. This indicates that different places with urban greenery can be successfully used for recreation, as can the forests where forest bathing is carried out.
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Ambrosius, Joshua D., and John I. Gilderbloom. "Who's greener? Comparing urban and suburban residents' environmental behaviour and concern." Local Environment 20, no. 7 (June 18, 2014): 836–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2014.926870.
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Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė, Valda, and Alfas Pliūra. "The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial." Forests 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070892.
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To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.
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Antoszewski, Patryk, Dariusz Świerk, and Michał Krzyżaniak. "Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 7093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197093.
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Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect relates to the occurrence of a positive heat balance, compared to suburban and extra-urban areas in a high degree of urbanized cities. It is necessary to develop effective UHI prevention and mitigation strategies, one of which is blue-green infrastructure (BGI). Most research work comparing impact of BGI parameters on UHI mitigation is based on data measured in different climate zones. This makes the implication of nature-based solutions difficult in cities with different climate zones due to the differences in the vegetation time of plants. The aim of our research was to select the most statistically significant quality parameters of BGI elements in terms of preventing UHI. The normative four-step data delimitation procedure in systematic reviews related to UHI literature was used, and temperate climate (C) zone was determined as the UHI crisis area. As a result of delimitation, 173 publications qualified for literature review were obtained (488 rejected). We prepared a detailed literature data analysis and the CVA model—a canonical variation of Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Our research has indicated that the BGI object parameters are essential for UHI mitigation, which are the following: area of water objects and green areas, street greenery leaf size (LAI), green roofs hydration degree, and green walls location. Data obtained from the statistical analysis will be used to create the dynamic BGI modeling algorithm, which is the main goal of the series of articles in the future.
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Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna. "Role of green areas for space integration of Kraków’s Metropolitan Area." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 28, no. 28 (June 1, 2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0016.
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Abstract The Kraków Metropolitan Area (KOM) is a specific functional region comprising a big city that is the Kraków metropolis, together with its neighbouring complex of settlements with a variety of mutual interactions. The social and economic space requires multi-dimensional enhancement of its interrelations and partial rehabilitation of its developed areas; it constitutes, at the same time, a potential which strengthens the position of Kraków as a European city. A clear structure of the metropolitan area and its internal links through green seams provide the basis for functional and spatial integration of the metropolis. The greenery, comprised in larger natural structures such as river parks and green wedges, enhances the area’s polycentric concept. The shaping of the urban tissue of Kraków and its suburban zone by composing and building a network of open spaces is the basic criterion for developing a coherent metropolitan area with a sustainable structure. Many problems of the urban environment and its surroundings can be fully understood through their analyses in various scales. In order to better illustrate this complex system of interrelations, reference should be made in analyses to the macroregional scale then narrowing them to the regional scale, to ultimately go down to the metropolis. The issues covered in the paper concern open areas which should not be discussed without a broader spectrum because the notion of green areas is understood to mean primarily spaces which are networked and intertwined with the settlement structure. Some of them are clear, for instance the greenery which accompanies water courses, and easy to identify. Marshlands are mostly linearly continuous and this makes them coherent in their nature. Other green areas (apart from larger forest complexes) are not of essential significance for the integration of the metropolis. The example of Kraków shows that the KOM (1) has a big potential expressed through its natural environment in the form of green areas. The anthropopressure, however, is so high that open spaces are being absorbed by developments. It is riverside areas which have retained a clear structure of interrelations and they should be perceived as the future for the links in the metropolitan area.
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Mirzaei, Mohsen, Jochem Verrelst, Mohsen Arbabi, Zohreh Shaklabadi, and Masoud Lotfizadeh. "Urban Heat Island Monitoring and Impacts on Citizen’s General Health Status in Isfahan Metropolis: A Remote Sensing and Field Survey Approach." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081350.
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Urban heat islands (UHIs) are one of the urban management challenges, especially in metropolises, which can affect citizens’ health and well-being. This study used a combination of remote sensing techniques with field survey to investigate systematically the effects of UHI on citizens’ health in Isfahan metropolis, Iran. For this purpose, the land surface temperature (LST) over a three-year period was monitored by Landsat-8 satellite imagery based on the split window algorithm. Then, the areas where UHI and urban cold island (UCI) phenomena occurred were identified and a general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was applied to evaluate the health status of 800 citizens in terms of physical health, anxiety and sleep, social function, and depression in UHI and UCI treatments. The average LST during the study period was 45.5 ± 2.3 °C and results showed that the Zayandeh-Rood river and the surrounding greenery had an important role in regulating the ambient temperature and promoting the citizens’ health. Citizens living in the suburban areas were more exposed to the UHIs phenomena, and statistical analysis of the GHQ-28 results indicated that they showed severe significant (P < 0.05) responses in terms of non-physical health sub-scales (i.e., anxiety and sleep, social functioning, and depression). Therefore, it can be concluded that not all citizens in the Isfahan metropolis are in the same environmental conditions and city managers and planners should pay more attention to the citizens living in the UHIs. The most important proceedings in this area would be the creation and development of parks and green belts, as well as the allocation of health-medical facilities and citizen education.
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Bozhuk, Tetiana. "APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NATURAL RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE TERNOPIL CITY)." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 50, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.1.17.
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Urbanization processes with their too rapid activity and changes in the state of the environment have the ability to compensate for recreation in forest parks, parks, gardens and squares, alleys and boulevards. Natural and recreational resources are understood as factors, substances and properties of components of the natural environment that have favorable parameters for recreational activities (qualitative and quantitative) and serve or may serve for the organization of recreation, tourism, treatment and rehabilitation of people [1]. Recreational resources of the city are the properties and factors of the components of the natural environment of the city and suburban area, which can be used for recreation, tourism, treatment and rehabilitation of people. The problem of preservation and use of recreational resources of the urban environment in modern scientific publications is not covered enough. Questions of this content often arise in the study of urban ecological processes or components of urban planning, green areas of the city and so on. However, from the standpoint of recreational nature management, urban areas as potential areas of short-term recreation are still insufficiently studied. That is why the purpose of this publication is to highlight scientific approaches to the assessment of recreational resources of urban areas on the example of one of the regional centers - the city of Ternopil. The article analyzes the approaches to the assessment of natural recreational resources of the city. The current problems of recreational load on the natural areas of the urban environment are highlighted. The method of assessment of natural recreational resources of the city has been improved. It is established that the natural recreational resources of the city, first of all, include greenery, forests, water bodies and nature reserves. Accordingly, the provision of recreation areas of the urban population is directly affected by the forest cover and nature reserves of the city and suburban area. Within the city there are areas of short, medium and long-term recreation. Differentiation of these areas is based on the time availability and structure of natural recreational resources that are included in the zone. On the basis of the conducted analysis the basic indicators of a zone of short, average and far recreation of the city of Ternopil are defined. The level of landscaping of the residential area of Ternopil, which is 95 m2 / person, is calculated. Provision of the urban population with public green spaces 21.3 m2 / person and the coefficient of general use of urban green spaces, which for the city of Ternopil is 22%. The zone of distant inner-city recreation of the city of Ternopil is characterized by such indicators as the recreational capacity of parks, which is more than 13 thousand people for five parks of the city and the recreational capacity of water bodies with coastal areas 5,5 thousand people. Ternopil city parks need more detailed research, especially taking into account their functional zoning and promising areas for recreation within the city. Key words: recreational potential, recreational capacity, Ternopil city, recreation area.
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Gyurkovich, Magdalena, and Marta Pieczara. "Using Composition to Assess and Enhance Visual Values in Landscapes." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084185.
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(1) The research presented in this paper aims to study the value attributed to a landscape composition’s visual elements and their overall influence on how they are perceived. The historical and contemporary visual approaches to a landscape constitute its background, for example, geographical, aesthetic, iconographic, phenomenological. (2) The visual assessment method elaborated by the Polish school of landscape architecture is used in the first part of this study. It is built of three steps with corresponding tools: landscape inventory, composition analysis, and evaluation. Moreover, an expert survey is used to complete the study. The work’s novelty is completing the visual approach with an expert inquiry, which aims to solve the subjectivity issue, an inherent visual evaluation controversy. The study area comprises urban and suburban locations from the agglomeration of Poznań, Poland. (3) The research results indicate the significant contribution of three visual elements to the positive assessment of landscape values: greenery, built heritage, and water. The importance of the composition is also demonstrated. (4) The main research findings show that visual evaluation tools should be implemented as part of sustainable spatial planning. Their implementation permits identifying the essential positive value in the existing landscape and creating guidelines for its preservation or enhancement. The article’s significance is the effect of proposing real and possible guidelines to improve the spatial planning policy, making landscape management more sustainable.
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Stoiljkovic, Branislava, Natasa Petkovic-Grozdanovic, and Vladana Petrovic. "Main features of house-like apartments." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace200108003s.
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House-like apartments are intended as a compromise between the opposing aspirations of the modern city dweller ? to live in a quiet family home in greenery in the suburbs and to live in a dense, bustling and vibrant city. These are apartments in multifamily housing buildings that have some features of single-family houses in order to increase the comfort of life, the feeling of dwelling in a family home and generally to improve the quality of housing in urban areas. This paper first deals with a comparative analysis of the features of family houses and apartments by certain criteria in order to determine what makes houses better than apartments, ie. to define what are the features of family houses that make this type of housing higher quality and more attractive and can be applied to apartments. Then, an overview of some realized contemporary housing schemes with apartments having the characteristics of houses was given. Finally, features of house-like apartments were identified, their detailed analysis with illustrations through appropriate examples was provided and the importance of their application was explained.
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Eames-Sheavly, Marcia, Kristi S. Lekies, Leigh MacDonald, and Kimberly J. Wong. "Greener Voices: An Exploration of Adult Perceptions of Participation of Children and Youth in Gardening Planning, Design, and Implementation." HortTechnology 17, no. 2 (April 2007): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.17.2.247.
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This article discusses Greener Voices, a 3-year extension-research integration project intended to enhance the participation of children and youth in school- and community-based gardening settings and presents findings from a study of adult leaders’ perceptions about the participation of children and youth at their sites. The project included six sites in New York and Pennsylvania consisting of rural, suburban, and urban settings; children at those sites ranged in age between 3 and 18 years. Over a 2-year period, as part of the extension activity, sites were provided with consultation and written materials, a web site, and opportunities to attend a related workshop and conference. Interviews with adult leaders indicated moderate to high levels of participation at most of the sites, variation by age of participants and stage of project, the usefulness of a ladder of children's participation in raising awareness, barriers to participation, attitudinal and behavior changes, and positive impacts on the youth. Ongoing efforts are needed to assist sites/leaders, including strategies to expand thinking about the capabilities of children and youth, help children and youth adjust to new roles, and identity ways for younger children to increase their participation.
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MIZUKAMI, Shogo, and Kiyoko HAGIHARA. "Recovery of Greenery in a Suburban Detached Housing Area —— Aspects of Greenery Landscapes ——." Studies in Regional Science 41, no. 1 (2011): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.41.15.
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Laaksoharju, Taina, and Erja Rappe. "Children's Relationship to Plants among Primary School Children in Finland: Comparisons by Location and Gender." HortTechnology 20, no. 4 (August 2010): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.4.689.
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There is considerable evidence that children in modern society are losing their contact with nature and, more precisely, with green plants. Is this also the case in Finland, a northern country famous for its forests and wild nature? This study examines the relationship of 9- to 10-year-old Finnish schoolchildren with the green environment and plants. The data were gathered by a questionnaire comprising structured and open-ended questions. The focus of the research was on two comparisons: first, on the nature and child relationship in rural and urban neighborhoods and, second, among boys and girls. Participants in the study amounted to a total of 76 children, 42 in the Helsinki suburb area and 34 in Paltamo. The results suggested that the children in rural surroundings had closer contact with nature than their urban associates. For example, the children of Paltamo reported to know the trees better, and considered human beings to be part of nature more often (100% vs. 76% of the pupils in Helsinki, P = 0,003). Similarly, the results showed that girls in the study (N = 48) were more interested in plants than boys (N = 28). For the girls, the beauty and joy of plants was important, whereas the boys appreciated plants as the source of life. After the pre-questioning, the children of Helsinki participated in an in-class horticultural intervention and 10 days later, answered a similar questionnaire again. The results of the open-ended questions revealed that equally to children in other Western countries, Finnish children may also be in danger of losing their direct contact with the natural environment. It was common to pass free time in organized sports such as hockey or football (boys), or by just walking and talking with friends (girls). Rural children told that they still built huts, pick berries, and climb trees, whereas urban children played in parks and city groves. The results suggest that it is essential to research further the children's own experiences if we are to understand, and subsequently, to enhance, the crucial role of the green environment in their lives. Horticultural interventions can be effective starting points to add to children's knowledge, affection, and interest toward greenery, but it is highly recommended that they take place outdoors rather than indoors.
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Vitkuvienė, Jurga. "GREENERY OF FORMER MANOR SITES IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697061.
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Problems on the role of greenery of former manors in the urban structure are discussed in the paper. Importance of integrating manor greenery into an urban environment is analyzed. A few examples of relationship between manor greenery and urban structures are described. Distinguishing features of manor greenery in the context of town greenery are established. The purpose of the paper lies in discussing the following issues: usage of former manor greenery, its protection in an urbanized environment, and prospects of its usage for quantitative and qualitative urban development.
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Bennewicz, Janina, Tadeusz Barczak, and Maciej Korczyński. "Urban greenery aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae)." Archives of Biological Sciences 65, no. 3 (2013): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1303053b.
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Qiao, X., L. L. Li, D. Li, Y. L. Gan, and A. Y. Hou. "APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN URBAN GREENERY LAND COVER EXTRACTION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1409-2018.
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Urban greenery is a critical part of the modern city and the greenery coverage information is essential for land resource management, environmental monitoring and urban planning. It is a challenging work to extract the urban greenery information from remote sensing image as the trees and grassland are mixed with city built-ups. In this paper, we propose a new automatic pixel-based greenery extraction method using multispectral remote sensing images. The method includes three main steps. First, a small part of the images is manually interpreted to provide prior knowledge. Secondly, a five-layer neural network is trained and optimised with the manual extraction results, which are divided to serve as training samples, verification samples and testing samples. Lastly, the well-trained neural network will be applied to the unlabelled data to perform the greenery extraction. The GF-2 and GJ-1 high resolution multispectral remote sensing images were used to extract greenery coverage information in the built-up areas of city X. It shows a favourable performance in the 619 square kilometers areas. Also, when comparing with the traditional NDVI method, the proposed method gives a more accurate delineation of the greenery region. Due to the advantage of low computational load and high accuracy, it has a great potential for large area greenery auto extraction, which saves a lot of manpower and resources.
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Nourmohammadi, Zahra, Tanapon Lilasathapornkit, Mudabber Ashfaq, Ziyuan Gu, and Meead Saberi. "Mapping Urban Environmental Performance with Emerging Data Sources: A Case of Urban Greenery and Traffic Noise in Sydney, Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020605.
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Measuring urban environmental performance supports understanding and improving the livability and sustainability of a city. Creating a more livable and attractive environment facilitates a greater shift to active and greener transport modes. Two key aspects, among many others, that determine the environmental performance of an urban area are greenery and noise. This study aims to map street-level greenery and traffic noise using emerging data sources including crowd-sourced mobile phone-based data and street-level imagery data in Sydney, Australia. Results demonstrate the applicability of emerging data sources and the presented advanced techniques in capturing the seasonal variations in urban greenery and time-dependent nature of traffic noise. Results also confirm the presence of a negative correlation between urban greenery and traffic noise.
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Nourmohammadi, Zahra, Tanapon Lilasathapornkit, Mudabber Ashfaq, Ziyuan Gu, and Meead Saberi. "Mapping Urban Environmental Performance with Emerging Data Sources: A Case of Urban Greenery and Traffic Noise in Sydney, Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020605.
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Measuring urban environmental performance supports understanding and improving the livability and sustainability of a city. Creating a more livable and attractive environment facilitates a greater shift to active and greener transport modes. Two key aspects, among many others, that determine the environmental performance of an urban area are greenery and noise. This study aims to map street-level greenery and traffic noise using emerging data sources including crowd-sourced mobile phone-based data and street-level imagery data in Sydney, Australia. Results demonstrate the applicability of emerging data sources and the presented advanced techniques in capturing the seasonal variations in urban greenery and time-dependent nature of traffic noise. Results also confirm the presence of a negative correlation between urban greenery and traffic noise.
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Hladíková, L., and M. Jebavý. "Assessment of Green Spaces Development in Prague During Years 1901–2010." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 51, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2020-0003.
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AbstractAlthough the issue of urban greenery is a frequently discussed topic and numerous case studies have already documented the beneficial functions of green spaces in the cities, studies on the balance of urban greenery during the past 20th century are few. This research follows up the issue of Prague urban green spaces during the years 1901–2010 and documents the changes in Prague public greenery in that period. The analysis specifies the development of public greenery and characterizes its categories in the individual decades of the 20th century. The percentage of public greenery and its area in hectares are given for each decade. Furthermore, the total green area is confronted with the number of inhabitants then living in Prague. The results have shown a continuous development and expansion of urban greenery. Their application will be beneficial to the city planning for sustainable development and further management of current and future public green areas as a part of the capital’s urban structure.
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Utami, Retno Nur, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, Ahmad Sawardi, and Alia Bihrajihant Raya. "Daya Tarik Keanekaragaman Burung di Jalur Hijau Jalan Kota Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.267.
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Urban greenery plays an important role in providing a biodiversity habitat of vegetation and birds as biotics in the urban ecosystem. The biodiversity can show attractions in Yogyakarta city as a tourism destination in Indonesia. This research was conducted on three types of roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L). The bird diversity depended on tree greenery as its habitat and food source. This research aimed (1) to analyze bird diversity on the roadside greenery in Yogyakarta City, and (1) to reveal the attraction of birds on the urban greenery as a tourism attraction. The sample units were selected by the method of stratified random sampling. The bird observation was used by the method of transect line conducted on the three categories of roads in Yogyakarta City. The bird diversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener's (H') index diversity, and bird activity was descriptively analyzed. The number of birds found in the greenery was 685 belong to 12 species. The diversity indexes (H') of the birds on the roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L) categories were 0.697 (low), 1.001 (medium), and 1.246 (medium). The index shows the equal quality of the bird attractions in the city. The low-medium of index value should be improved to reach a high H'. The improvement should be carried out by landscape planning for urban tourism through planting food source trees or habitat trees for birds on the urban greenery of Yogyakarta. The strength of the urban attraction of birds was also supported by species diversity, conservation status, bird activity, habitat trees, and the ecological function of urban trees on the roadside greenery of Yogyakarta city.
Keywords: bird diversity, roadside greenery, urban attraction, urban greenery, Yogyakarta
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Al-Kayiem, Hussain H., Kelly Koh, Tri W. B. Riyadi, and Marwan Effendy. "A Comparative Review on Greenery Ecosystems and Their Impacts on Sustainability of Building Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208529.
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Greenery systems are sustainable ecosystems for buildings. Many studies on greenery systems, such as green roofs and green walls, have demonstrated that greenery systems support energy saving and improve thermal conditions in the building sector. This paper summarizes, discusses, and compares greenery systems and their contributions to the reduction of the urban heat index, the reduction of internal and external buildings’ wall temperatures, and the reduction of the energy consumption of buildings. The fundamental mechanisms of greenery systems, which are thermal insulation, evapotranspiration, and shading effect, are also discussed. The benefits of greenery systems include the improvement of stormwater management, the improvement of air quality, the reduction of sound pollution, the reduction of carbon dioxide, and the improvement of aesthetic building value. The summarized materials on the greenery systems in the article will be a point of references for the researchers, planners, and developers of urban and rural areas, as well as the individual’s interest for future urban and rural plans.
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Santamouris, Mat, George Ban-Weiss, Paul Osmond, Riccardo Paolini, Afroditi Synnefa, Constantinos Cartalis, Alberto Muscio, et al. "PROGRESS IN URBAN GREENERY MITIGATION SCIENCE – ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPACT ON CITIES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 24, no. 8 (December 21, 2018): 638–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.6604.
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Urban greenery is a natural solution to cool cities and provide comfort, clean air and significant social, health and economic benefits. This paper aims to present the latest progress on the field of greenery urban mitigation techniques including aspects related to the theoretical and experimental assessment of the greenery cooling potential, the impact on urban vegetation on energy, health and comfort and the acquired knowledge on the best integration of the various types of greenery in the urban frame. Also to present the recent knowledge on the impact of climate change on the cooling performance of urban vegetation and investigate and analyse possible technological solutions to face the impact of high ambient temperatures.
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Yang, Linchuan, Jixiang Liu, Yuan Liang, Yi Lu, and Hongtai Yang. "Spatially Varying Effects of Street Greenery on Walking Time of Older Adults." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090596.
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Population aging has become a notable and enduring demographic phenomenon worldwide. Older adults’ walking behavior is determined by many factors, such as socioeconomic attributes and the built environment. Although a handful of recent studies have examined the influence of street greenery (a built environment variable readily estimated by big data) on older adults’ walking behavior, they have not focused on the spatial heterogeneity in the influence. To this end, this study extracts the socioeconomic and walking behavior data from the Travel Characteristic Survey 2011 of Hong Kong and estimates street greenery (the green view index) based on Google Street View imagery. It then develops global models (linear regression and Box–Cox transformed models) and local models (geographically weighted regression models) to scrutinize the average (global) and location-specific (local) relationships, respectively, between street greenery and older adults’ walking time. Notably, green view indices in three neighborhoods with different sizes are estimated for robustness checks. The results show that (1) street greenery has consistent and significant effects on walking time; (2) the influence of street greenery varies across space—specifically, it is greater in the suburban area; and (3) the performance of different green view indices is highly consistent.
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Xiao, Chao, Qian Shi, and Chen-Jie Gu. "Assessing the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Street Greenery and Its Relationship with Socioeconomic Status and the Built Environment in Shanghai, China." Land 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080871.
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Urban greenery is widely acknowledged as a key element for creating livable urban environments and improving residents’ quality of life. However, only a few current studies on the subject of urban greenery focus on a human visual perspective and take street greenery into consideration. Street greenery is an indispensable component of urban vegetation to which residents have a higher frequency of access. Additionally, few studies focused on the disparity of the green view at a micro-level, such as at a county or community level. This study explored the spatial distribution of street greenery and its influential factors using the green view index (GVI) as the main evaluation indicator. Compared to other traditional indicators of greenery, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and accessibility, GVI is recognized as a human-oriented indicator to evaluate the quantity of greenery viewed by human eyes in daily life. The downtown area of Shanghai was chosen as the case study, as it reflects the common phenomenon of street greenery in many megacities globally. In addition, county/jiedao (the same administrative area as county in China) level was selected as the minimum geographical unit to evaluate the disparity of GVI and its influential factors to fill the knowledge gap. We analyzed 233,000 pieces of street-view images from Baidu Map and other correlated data. The results showed (1) the street greenery of 70% of the downtown area of Shanghai is less than the recommended comforFogre visual environment; (2) street greenery is spatially clustered in Huangpu district, Xuhui district, college town, and the Century Park of Shanghai; (3) street-greenery distribution is positively correlated with housing price and street network density, and negatively correlated with the ratio of society vulnerability; however, it is uncorrelated to population density. According to these findings, local municipalities could improve urban planning and design by introducing a more human-oriented green-space policy that improves social equity.
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Baučić, M., F. Gilić, S. Bačić, and T. Duplančić-Leder. "OPEN GEOSPATIAL DATA FOR URBAN GREEN AREAS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VI-4/W2-2020 (September 15, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-vi-4-w2-2020-17-2020.
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Abstract. More than half of the world’s population lives in big urbanized areas. It is not rare that those areas are lacking natural green spaces. Green spaces improve different aspects of life in cities and they are becoming so important that lately more and more attention is given to the so-called green infrastructure. The first step in planning green infrastructure is acquiring information about current city greenery. In this paper, it was investigated how can airborne, spaceborne, and street-level images be used in gathering information about greenery. As spaceborne images, Sentinel-2 satellite images were used and as street-level images, Google Street View 360° photospheres have been utilized. From both sources, information about current greenery status was automatically extracted. Gathered data was aggregated on different spatial units that are suitable for decision making that aims at further developing the green spaces. These top-down and street-level images complement each other in a way that top-down images can be used to track the percentage of green area and its changing over time, while street-level images give information about greenery that is perceived by pedestrians. With proposed methods, it is possible to detect areas that should be considered for greening and also to identify areas that should have priority in that process.
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Wang, Chen, San-San Er, and Hamzah Abdul-Rahman. "Indoor vertical greenery system in urban tropics." Indoor and Built Environment 25, no. 2 (September 10, 2014): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x14550508.
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Cobbinah, Patrick Brandful, and Rhoda Mensah Darkwah. "African Urbanism: the Geography of Urban Greenery." Urban Forum 27, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-016-9274-z.
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Abdul-Rahman, Chen Wang, Azli Mohd Rahim, Siaw Chuing Loo, and Nadzmi Miswan. "Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) in Urban Tropics." Open House International 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2014-b0005.
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Numerous researchers proved Vertical Greenery System VGS beneficial to buildings and surroundings. However, it is still not widely applied in the tropics like Malaysia. This paper aims to determine the perceptions of VGS among the end users before it can be improved. A survey was conducted among 40 respondents, the end users of VGS in selected buildings within Klang Valley area. The collected data was analysed using statistical tests. From the findings, the primary benefits of VGS perceived by end users are enhancing visual quality, bringing nature harmony, reducing stress and reducing the urban heat island effects. The perceptions contradict with the results of ANOVA test between reducing the urban heat island effects and other VGS benefits that proves the need and effort to work on VGS in Malaysia.
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Yu, Xinyang, Gengxing Zhao, Chunyan Chang, Xiujie Yuan, and Fang Heng. "BGVI: A New Index to Estimate Street-Side Greenery Using Baidu Street View Image." Forests 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010003.
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The significance of street-side greenery monitoring is increasing for precise urban planning and environmental management, especially in rapid sprawling urban cities, while there have been few studies focusing on urban greenery estimation using new profile image system. In this study, Baidu Street View (BSV) images, which were taken by Baidu vehicles and had view angles similar to those of pedestrians on the street, were selected for calculating the magnitude of street profile greenery. From 278 randomly selected street sample sites in Tai’an city of China, 3336 images were acquired via the Baidu Application Programming Interface (API). A Baidu Green View Index (BGVI) was proposed to quantitatively describe the street-side profile greenery. The results demonstrated that green vegetation can be distinguished efficiently from BSV images. The BGVI varied in the different portions of the study area, and it can be used to grade street system by considering pedestrians’ visualized greenery. Though BGVI had a significant correlation with the overlooking green canopy coverage, in some street sample sites it can delineate different scenarios. BGVI can be regarded as complementary information to urban planning and management.
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Poškus, Mykolas Simas, and Diana Poškienė. "The Grass is Greener: How Greenery Impacts the Perceptions of Urban Residential Property." Social Inquiry into Well-Being 1, no. 1 (August 14, 2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/siiw-15-1-1-03.
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Can different types of greenery improve the perceived value, safety, prestige, coziness, and aesthetics of multistory residential buildings?<br />To find the answer, two studies were carried out. In Study 1, participants filled in questionnaires designed to measure the perceived value,<br />safety, prestige, coziness, and aesthetics of a building. Every questionnaire was accompanied with one of four images of the same residential building, the only difference between them was the type of greenery present near the building. Participants were asked to evaluate the building in the image by filling in the questionnaire. A convenience sample of 238 university students (mean age 20, SD = 2) participated in the experiment. Study 2 was an internet-based survey in which participants were presented with four images of a residential building and were asked to identify the most cozy, most expensive, most prestigious, most safe, and most aesthetic building. The pictures were the same as in Study 1. A snowball sample of 356 respondents (mean age 30, SD = 11) participated in the survey. The results indicate that buildings with sophisticated greenery and plain grass greenery are perceived most favorably, while unkempt and chaotic greenery were found to be associated with worse overall perceptions and decreased perceived value of residential property. When creating green spaces near residential buildings, we recommend considering plain grass greenery as it is the most cost-effective solution and has a positive effect on the perceptions of residential property and its value.
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Chun, Bumseok, Misun Hur, and Jaewoong Won. "Impacts of Thermal Environments on Health Risk: A Case Study of Harris County, Texas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115531.
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The loss of green spaces in urbanized areas has triggered a potential thermal risk in the urban environment. While the existing literature has investigated the direct relationship between urban temperatures and health risks, little is known about causal relationships among key components of urban sustainability and health risks, through a pathway involving urban temperature. This study examined the multiple connections between urbanized land use, urban greenery, urban temperatures and health risks in Harris County, Texas. The census tract-level health data from the 500 Cities Project (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is used for analysis. Structural equation model analyses showed that the urban temperature played a mediating role in associations between urbanized land use, urban greenery and health risk. Urban vegetation is associated with a decrease in health risks, while urban land use has associations with an increase in health risks. Findings suggest that proactive policies tailored to provide rich urban greenery in a neighborhood can alleviate urban land use effects on health risks.
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Chaudhry, Pradeep. "Urban greening: a review of some Indian studies." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 6 (2016): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.030618.
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Urban greenery generates many tangible and intangible benefits and contributes to improving environmental quality, quality of life and sustainable urban development. Research on various aspects of urban vegetation such as carbon sequestration, removing air pollutants, reducing noise, providing recreational amenity benefits is in infancy stage in India. This paper reviews few significant studies in different spheres of urban greenery from Indian cities. Some issues related to development and research in this direction and future management strategies to be adopted have been discussed.
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Ye, Yu, Hanting Xie, Jia Fang, Hetao Jiang, and De Wang. "Daily Accessed Street Greenery and Housing Price: Measuring Economic Performance of Human-Scale Streetscapes via New Urban Data." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061741.
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The protective effects of street greenery on ecological, psychological, and behavioral phenomena have been well recognized. Nevertheless, the potential economic effect of daily accessed street greenery, i.e., a human-scale and perceptual-oriented quality focusing on exposure to street greenery in people’s daily lives, has not been fully studied because a quantitative measuring of this human-scale indicator is hard to achieve. This study was an attempt in this direction with the help of new urban data and new analytical tools. Shanghai, which has a mature real estate market, was selected for study, and the housing prices of 1395 private neighborhoods in its city center were collected. We selected more than forty variables that were classified under five categories—location features, distances to the closest facilities, density of facilities within a certain radius, housing and neighborhood features, and daily accessed street greenery—in a hedonic pricing model. The distance and density of facilities were computed through a massive number of points-of-interest and a geographical information system. The visible street greenery was collected from Baidu street view images and then measured via a machine-learning algorithm, while accessibility was measured through space syntax. In addition to the well-recognized effects previously discovered, the results show that visible street greenery and street accessibility at global scale hold significant positive coefficients for housing prices. Visible street greenery even obtains the second-highest regression coefficient in the model. Moreover, the combined assessment, the co-presence of local-scale accessibility and eye-level greenery, is significant for housing price as well. This study provides a scientific and quantitative support for the significance of human-scale street greenery, making it an important issue in urban greening policy for urban planners and decision makers.
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Zang, Peng, Xuhong Liu, Yabo Zhao, Hongxu Guo, Yi Lu, and Charlie Q. L. Xue. "Eye-Level Street Greenery and Walking Behaviors of Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176130.
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Evidence suggests that built environment characteristics affect older adults’ travel activity behaviors, e.g., walking and cycling, which have well-established health benefits. However, the relationship between urban greenery and walking behaviors remains unclear, partly due to methodological limitation. Previous studies often measured urban greenery from a bird’s eye perspective, which may mismatch with the pedestrian’s perception from the street. In this study, we measured greenery view index from eye-level streetscape photos retrieved from Baidu Street View, an online mapping service provider. Walking behaviors of 180 older adults in six neighborhoods were collected from questionnaires. We also measured land use diversity, pedestrian-oriented design (street connectivity), and population density—the three Ds of the built environment. Results show that street greenery view index contributes to walking time of older adults, suggesting street greenery should be taken into design consideration to promote walking behaviors of older adults.
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Garcia-Lozano, Carla, Anna Peliova, and Josep Sitjar. "How do green areas influence the temperature of cities? Web map to help local decision making about cities and the climate emergency." AGILE: GIScience Series 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-2-27-2021.
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Abstract. The positive effect of urban greenery on the city’s microclimate is well known, as is its ability to reduce the ambient temperature in urban areas. Our results show how the areas with the lowest surface temperature clearly coincide with the vegetated areas in the city of Barcelona. This phenomenon demonstrates the importance of increasing the urban greenery in large compact cities, such as the city of Barcelona, in order to regulate the local temperature and mitigate the effects of global warming on a large scale. The web map presented here can be used as a tool for decision makers to identify the warmest areas in the city of Barcelona and to increase greenery in an efficient manner.
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Vinkovskaya, Oksana, and Eduard Enin. "Environmental principles for planting of greenery in settlements of Baikal Siberia." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021009002.
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Based on the publications analysis and our own research, the ecological principles are considered, which should form the basis of long-term plans for planting of greenery in settlements in Baikal Siberia and take into account important regional features. The research was conducted using methods of information collection and analysis, which include comparison and systematization of data on the indicated problem. The current general urban plans of towns, which are in open access, as well as urban planning standards for the allocation of functional zones of settlements were studied. The influence of the urban environment on the existence of plants is examined. The problem of invasion of cultivated species as a result of unreasoned planting of greenery and the need to use indigenous species for amenity planting, especially those that are rare and in need of protection, were identified. The conclusion was made that when planting of greenery, one should take into account the florogenetic and phytocoenotic properties of the vegetation cover of the studied territory. Environmental principles of planting of greenery in settlements of Baikal Siberia are proposed as conceptual. Keywords: amenity planting, urban infrastructure, Cisbaikalia, Transbaikalia.
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Matusiak, Barbara Szybinska. "No-Greenery Line and Greenery-View Factor, New Architectural Design Tools." Journal of Daylighting 7, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2020.24.
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The paper proposes a new tool for evaluation of the degree of visual contact with the outdoor greenery, the Greenery-View factor (GV), intended to be easy to grasp and simple to use. It starts with the construction of a No-greenery line (similar to the No-sky line) on the vertical section of the building with the neighbouring greenery included. No-greenery line divides the space into a part with the view to the greenery and the rest of the room from which the greenery is not visible. To find out the part of the floor area of the room from which the greenery can be seen, the section-point between the no-greenery line and the line representing the eye-level is projected down at the floor plan. The GV factor stands for the part of the floor area with the view to the greenery expressed as a percentage of the whole floor area of the room. The No-sky line and the No-greenery line can be used together by architects and urban planners as extremely simple and powerful couple of graphical tools. The paper discusses also how the GV factor could be implemented in the new European daylight standard EN-17037 Daylight in buildings (2018).
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Kaveckis, Giedrius. "Greenest Capital of the Baltic States – A Spatial Comparison of Greenery." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 5, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjreecm-2017-0012.
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Abstract The meaning of the term “green city” today is more related to sustainability rather than to vegetation or greenery. Therefore, the aim of this research is not to develop another complex green index, but simply to calculate and compare a share of greenery among functional urban areas of three Baltic capitals. Comparison was done using GIS tools and analysing Urban Atlas, CORINE and degree of soil sealing datasets. Although the results of Urban Atlas and CORINE datasets showed slight disagreement, it has been discovered that Tallinn has the highest share of greenery, Vilnius is in the middle and Riga is the last. Analysis of 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012 CORINE datasets showed the highest relative decrease of greenery in Riga (2.53 %) over time, Tallinn was the second (1.44 %) and the smallest decrease (0.53 %) was in Vilnius. The analysis of degree of soil sealing demonstrated the highest relative share of pervious surfaces in Tallinn (95.5 %) and the smallest share in Vilnius (92.1 %), therefore this research nominates Tallinn as the greenest (literally) capital of the Baltic States.
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Wolter, S., J. Diebel, and F. G. Schroeder. "DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS FOR URBAN FACADE GREENERY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 843 (October 2009): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.843.53.
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Hien, Nyuk, and Yu Chen. "Tropical Urban Heat Islands - Climate Buildings and Greenery." International Journal of Ventilation 7, no. 4 (March 2009): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2009.11683826.
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ANAMIKA, Avni, and Chaudhry PRADEEP. "Urban Vegetation and Air Pollution Mitigation: Some Issues from India." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 04, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748116500019.
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Urban greenery generates significant ecosystem services and contributes to improving environmental quality, quality of life, and sustainable urban development. Research on various aspects of urban forestry such as carbon sequestration, removing air pollutants, reducing noise, providing recreational amenity benefits is in infancy stage in India. This paper reviews some significant studies in the field of air pollution removal by urban vegetation in developed and developing countries including India. Some issues related to development and research in the field of urban greenery and future management strategies to be adopted in India have been discussed in the paper.
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Neilson, Brittany, Martina Klein, Elizabeth Briones, and Curtis Craig. "The Importance of Water is in Question." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601101.
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Previous research has indicated that aquatic features in nature may have additional restorative potential. The present study assessed the perceived restorativeness for nature images that contained only aquatic features (no greenery) and compared them to images that contained only greenery (no water) and only urban environments (no water or greenery) instead of using images that had various proportions of water and greenery, as conducted in previous research. There were no significant differences in ratings on the short-version of Perceived Restorativeness Scale’s (PRS) for aquatic-only compared to green-only images, but both had superior ratings on the short PRS compared to urban images. Thus, our findings indicated that aquatic-only images may not increase restorative potential compared to green-only images, at least not as assessed by the short PRS. Future research needs to assess the restorative effect induced by aquatic-only and green-only nature scenery on cognitive performance.
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Jing, Fengrui, Lin Liu, Suhong Zhou, Jiangyu Song, Linsen Wang, Hanlin Zhou, Yiwen Wang, and Ruofei Ma. "Assessing the Impact of Street-View Greenery on Fear of Neighborhood Crime in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010311.
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Previous literature has examined the relationship between the amount of green space and perceived safety in urban areas, but little is known about the effect of street-view neighborhood greenery on perceived neighborhood safety. Using a deep learning approach, we derived greenery from a massive set of street view images in central Guangzhou. We further tested the relationships and mechanisms between street-view greenery and fear of crime in the neighborhood. Results demonstrated that a higher level of neighborhood street-view greenery was associated with a lower fear of crime, and its relationship was mediated by perceived physical incivilities. While increasing street greenery of the micro-environment may reduce fear of crime, this paper also suggests that social factors should be considered when designing ameliorative programs.
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Pristeri, Guglielmo, Francesca Peroni, Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo, Daniele Codato, Antonio Masi, and Massimo De Marchi. "Whose Urban Green? Mapping and Classifying Public and Private Green Spaces in Padua for Spatial Planning Policies." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080538.
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The rising environmental issues on contemporary cities urgently calls for sustainable planning policies. Implementation of nature-based solutions, ecosystem services, and green infrastructures associated to green spaces management is at present of paramount importance. In contrast to policies mainly focused on public greenery, the inclusion of private green in planning strategies might be a promising pathway. The general aim is mapping and classifying urban green spaces in Padua, a city of 93.3 km2 (Northeast Italy). Specific aims are (i) testing an NDVI-derived extraction from very high-resolution orthophotos; (ii) classifying property status; (iii) highlighting multilevel relationships and strategies for urban green spaces implementation and management; (iv) assessing greenery in relation to per capita population. By performing remote sensing and GIS analyses, a first detailed global map of urban green spaces in Padua was created; then, binary classification and thematic maps for rural/non-rural, public/private, municipal/non-municipal greenery were produced for all urban units. Results show that, among total green spaces (52.23 km2), more than half are rural. Moreover, private green spaces represent 80%, while within public areas (20%) less than 10% are municipal (5 km2). We therefore highlight scenarios for planning policies in Padua by providing tools to policymakers for an integrated management of green spaces, where private greenery might also contribute to ecosystem services implementation for common urban well-being.
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Li, Xiaojiang, and Debarchana Ghosh. "Associations between Body Mass Index and Urban “Green” Streetscape in Cleveland, Ohio, USA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 6, 2018): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102186.
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Public health researchers are increasingly interested in assessing the impact of neighborhood environment on physical activities and chronic health issues among humans. Walkable streets and proximity to green space have long been believed to promote active lifestyles in cities, which contribute to positive health outcomes among residents. Traditionally, urban environmental metrics were calculated at the area level to describe the physical environment of neighborhoods. However, considering the fact that streets are the basic unit for human activities in cities, it is important to understand how the streetscape environment can influence human health conditions. In this study, we investigated the influence of street greenery and walkability on body mass index in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Different from the area level and overhead view greenery metrics, we used the green view index calculated from the Google Street View to represent the amount of street greenery. The Walk Score was used to indicate the walkability of neighborhoods also at the street level. Statistical analysis results show that the Walk Score has a more significant association with decreased BMI for males than females and the street greenery has a more significant association with decreased BMI for females than males in Cleveland, Ohio. The results of this study would provide a reference for designing gender-specific healthy cities.
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Filion, Pierre. "Suburban Innovations." Urban Planning 2, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i4.1276.
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This commentary addresses the evolution of the North American suburb over the last 70 years, a period over which it adopted a development pattern marking a radical break from prior forms of urban settlement. Early in this period, the emerging suburban form constituted perhaps the sharpest transition in the history of urbanism in terms of urban form and transportation. This suburban form rapidly came to dominate North American metropolitan regions and spread to other parts of the world. In this commentary, I propose a brief history of the North American suburb since the late 1940s seen through the lens of the contributions it made to the evolution of urbanism across the continent. I contend that while suburbs are often associated with urban stasis, because perceived as an impediment to the emergence of new environmentally sensitive and socially and functionally integrated urban formulas relying on public transit and walking, they have played a major transformative role in the past and may be the source of further urban transitions in the future. North American suburbs have also undergone deep social changes over the last decades. However, I question the claim, made by some researchers, that we are entering a post-suburban era; but at the same time, I acknowledge the possibility of major future innovations within present suburban configurations.
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Gill, Jo, and Paul Burton. "Suburban Spaces, Suburban Cultures." Built Environment 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.41.4.461.
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Bielecki, Adam, and Krzysztof Będkowski. "PROBLEM DOSTĘPNOŚCI TERENÓW ZIELENI W MIEŚCIE NA PRZYKŁADZIE ŁODZI." Studia Miejskie 40 (December 1, 2020): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.1304.
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The article is devoted to the subject of urban greenery. The paper attempts to present real green areas and not only those that have such a purpose featuring in lists and registers. The authors also refer to the topic of availability of urban greenery for the residents of the city, taking into account an uneven density of places of residence. The aim of the article is to present the method for assessing the availability of green areas around places of residence, using spatial data showing residential buildings and official data on greenery. The relevant analyses are based on a regular network of squares of 90 m × 90 m. It was found that Łódź is a city with rich greenery resources. However, this judgment needs revising because a significant part of the residents both in their places of residence (R = 50 m) and further surroundings (R = 500 m) do not have access to green areas intended for recreation.
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Tzaninis, Yannis, and Willem Boterman. "Beyond the urban–suburban dichotomy." City 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2018.1432143.
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