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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban bus operation'
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1
Li, Qiong, Peng rui Bai, Yang Chen, Xiao Wei, and Jinjun Tang. "Efficiency Evaluation of Bus Transport Operations Given Exogenous Environmental Factors." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899782.
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As a mode of green transport that can effectively alleviate urban traffic congestion and improve air quality, bus transport is highly subsidized by governments at all levels in China. Thus, measuring efficiency in the bus transport sector is particularly important. However, few reports in the literature have taken exogenous environmental factors into consideration to evaluate public transport operation efficiency. This may lead to inaccurate evaluation results. This study employs the three-stage DEA model, which can eliminate the impacts of exogenous environmental factors on public bus transport operation to gain real efficiency results. Meanwhile, to further explore how exogenous environmental factors affect bus transport operations, a tobit model is used to analyse the results. The main results of this paper reveal the following: first, exogenous environmental factors have a significant impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. It is reasonable and necessary to select the three-stage method to eliminate environmental factors for real bus operation efficiency. Second, the fluctuations of the bus transport efficiency of 30 cities decreased during 2010–2016. The western region has the highest operation efficiency, followed by the eastern and the middle regions. Third, the economic, taxi transport, and urban rail transport have a marked impact on the operational efficiency of bus transport. This paper confirms the important influence of exogenous environmental factors on the efficiency of public transport operations. In addition, this article could help improve the efficiency of urban public transport operations and promote the attractiveness of urban public transport and the amount of green travel.
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Wu, Jiaqing, Rui Song, Youan Wang, Feng Chen, and Shubin Li. "Modeling the Coordinated Operation between Bus Rapid Transit and Bus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/709389.
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The coordination between bus rapid transit (BRT) and feeder bus service is helpful in improving the operational efficiency and service level of urban public transport system. Therefore, a coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is intended to develop in this paper. The total costs are formulated and optimized by genetic algorithm. Moreover, the skip-stop BRT operation is considered when building the coordinated operation model. A case of the existing bus network in Beijing is studied, the proposed coordinated operation model of BRT and bus is applied, and the optimized headway and costs are obtained. The results show that the coordinated operation model could effectively decrease the total costs of the transit system and the transfer time of passengers. The results also suggest that the coordination between the skip-stop BRT and bus during peak hour is more effective than non-coordination operation.
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Wang, Hong Gang. "Designing of the Urban Public Bus Operation Dispatch System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2569.
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The urban public bus operation dispatch system is one of the most important systems in ITS (Intelligent Transportation System). This paper describes the system in detail, including the system’s architecture, the bus onboard equipment and the system’s software part etc. Through integrating the single chip module, GPRS module, GPS module and other modules, the bus onboard equipment is designed. According to the object-oriented software engineering ideas and using UML (Unified Model language), the software system is designed. Finally, the bus onboard equipment and the system software part can send information each other using GPRS technology. The system has been implemented using Visual Studio 2005 C# language and tested in laboratory.
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Liu, Yang, Yun Feng Zhang, and Ya Kui Xing. "The Optimized Design of the Electronic Bus Stop Board." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.1195.
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The normal operation of bus system affects the entire urban operation efficiency and future development. With China's urban economic development and globalization, and the expansion of urban radiation, vigorously developing intelligent traffic has become the primary mean to solve urban transportation problem. Therefore, electric bus stop boards were designed to improve the system efficiency. Here, the current bus station time prediction methods were summarized and compared and the corresponding calculation approaches were established according to the specific characteristics of bus station. We employed Visual C + + 6.0 software and the principle of MapX controls to develop electric bus stop board system interface. Finally, the design method and its function were evaluated.
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Cao, Yi, and Zhongzhen Yang. "The Adjustment Method of Bus Lines along New Subway after Operation." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.13023.
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In order to adapt to the passenger demand after urban subway new line operation, and improve the operational efficiency of the bus lines along subway, the adjustment method of bus lines is studied. Taking the HuangHe Rd. segment with Dalian Metro Line 2 as the research object, the passenger volumes of every main traffic mode before and after subway operation were investigated respectively. By mathematical statistics method, the characteristics of passenger volume transferring among the bus, car and subway before and after operation were compared and analyzed. Based on the theory of random utility, not only the Logit model of traffic mode selection before and after subway operation was constructed, but also the calibration method of model parameter was proposed. The adjustment method of bus lines along subway was proposed. The calculation and analysis of application in the case was also conducted. The research indicates that, after subway operation, the passengers undertaken by car and bus along the subway will be attracted by subway to some extent. To adjust the bus lines according to the characteristic of passenger transferring can improve the operational efficiency of the bus lines along subway.
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Zhang, Chun Mei, and Lu Lu Zhai. "Research on Bus Dispatching Method Based on Goal Programming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 1269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.1269.
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Bus schedules are important components of urban traffic. Designing a good bus schedule is of great importance for improving urban traffic environment, ameliorating the public condition, and improving the economic and social benefits of public transport company. We proposed the method of operational research based on goal programming, which through a specific operation is given. Both theoretical sense and practical application are of this article.
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Xi, Jianfeng, Yunhe Zhao, Tongqiang Ding, Jian Tian, and Lianjie Li. "Analysis Model of Risk Factors of Urban Bus Operation Based on FTA-CLR." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657786.
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In order to comprehensively analyze the risk factors and accurately find the high risk factors related to accidents, an analysis model of risk factors of urban bus operation is proposed, in which the advantages of the structural analysis of the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and the correlation analysis of the Cumulative Logistic Regression (CLR) are combined. Firstly, based on the accident data in Northeast China, FTA is used to compile the urban bus operation fault tree. In the fault tree, 16 bus operation risk factors are classified, while the risk factors are sorted and compared from three aspects: structural importance, probability importance, and critical importance. And then, the 11 higher risk factors are selected according to the discriminant principle. Secondly, bus operation accidents are divided into fatal accidents, injury accidents, and major economic loss accidents. The CLR model is used to fit the much higher risk factors that lead to urban bus operation accidents from above 11 higher risk factors. Finally, the scientific rationality and applicability of the model are verified, through the goodness of fit test and the comparison test with the actual probability of occurrence.
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Zhao, Shuzhi, Dong Wang, Jian Sun, and Huasheng Liu. "Optimization Model for Multi-Vehicle-Type Structure in Urban Bus Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7914318.
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Nowadays, bus lines commonly share terminals, especially in urban areas, because an independent operation of each line would cause a large waste of resources. In addition, if lines share terminal all lines can be monitored by unified management, while the vehicles of different sizes can complement each other. Although the dispatcher generally sets up fixed departure intervals for bus lines, there are differences between bus lines in terms of operating time distribution and line volume. Thus, a new optimization model for multi-vehicle-type structure in urban bus system is proposed in this paper. The optimization was conducted according to two main characteristics of bus systems, bus company expense and bus service quality. The optimization model was designed based on minimal possible expense and maximal possible quality. At the same time, we proposed a Markov method based on alternative relations to solve the model. The proposed model was verified by real urban bus system. Moreover, the simulations in MATLAB software environment have proven a high efficiency and applicability of the proposed method.
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Gorbunova, A. D., and O. Yu Smirnova. "Development of the algorithm for selecting a rational regular urban route for electric bus operation." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 4 (September 17, 2021): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-4-378-389.
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Introduction. The article presents an analysis of researches on the operation of public transport vehicles with an electric drive. Electric buses have been tested in megacities, and despite the advantages, problems were identi- fied both in the selection of the charging type, technological features and with the availability and operation of the charging infrastructure. The operation process is associated with a number of technical restrictions, which in prac- tice make it difficult to select routes for the electric bus operation. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for selecting a rational regular urban route for the electric bus operation and to test it on the example of the route network of Tyumen.Materials and methods. A structural diagram of the factors influencing the selection of the route for the electric bus operation has been formed. As a result of processing expert assessments, the most significant factors were identified. The diagram of the interconnections of these factors is identified and limitations for the algorithm are for- mulated based on the theory of systems analysis. The algorithm for selecting the rational regular urban route for the electric bus operation has been developed. It enables creating the simulation model for selecting a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus.Results. The diagram of factors influencing the selection of a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus, taking into account their mutual relations, has been formed. The algorithm and simulation model for se- lecting a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus has been developed. Several urban routes in Tyumen were assessed for the rationality of the introduction of electric buses.Discussion and conclusions. Evaluation of five regular urban routes in Tyumen using the developed algorithm and the simulation model revealed three rational routes, and also showed the inefficiency of the other two. It due to the discrepancy between the duration of the charging session and breaks in operation, as well as the insufficient charge level of the traction battery to ensure the required autonomous movement of the vehicle. In the course of the continuation of these studies, the developed algorithm will be supplemented with the stage of economic assess- ment of routes for the operation of electric buses.
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Niewczas, Andrzej, Grzegorz Koszalka, Jan Wrona, and Daniel Pieniak. "CHOSEN ASPECTS OF MUNICIPAL TRANSPORT OPERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF LUBLIN." TRANSPORT 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.88-90.
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The paper presents some aspects of operation of municipal transport system in the city of Lublin (Poland). Organization of Lublin Municipal Transport Company was described, its efficiency and perspectives of development. Particular attention was paid to the rules of adjustment to the EU requirements, and to the influence of demographic and social factors. Infrastructure of public transport in Lublin was analyzed (busses, trolley‐busses, bus stations, fixed objects and bus stops), as well as configuration of bus and trolley‐bus lines. Some specific proposals were also put forward regarding development solutions: development plan of trolley‐bus traction, plan of inter‐connection bus station, development plan of bus traction, introduction of advanced IT solutions into the public transport management and natural gas (CNG) fuelling of the city busses. Keywords: urban transport, urban transport problems.
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Shan, Xiaonian, Xiaohong Chen, Wenjian Jia, and Jianhong Ye. "Evaluating Urban Bus Emission Characteristics Based on Localized MOVES Using Sparse GPS Data in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102936.
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Bus emissions have become one of the important contributing factors in urban environmental pollution due to the frequent use of heavy-duty diesel engines in the day-time. Local bus driving cycles have a significant influence on bus emissions under the different traffic conditions. This study investigated the operation mode distributions and emission characteristics for urban buses based on localized MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) using sparse Global Position System (GPS) data in Shanghai, China. Sparse GPS data from forty-three buses were prepared, and then bus trajectories were reconstructed to calculate local bus driving cycles, including model description, model calibration, and trajectory reconstruction. MOVES localization was conducted for emission estimation mainly focusing on the bus emission inventory comparison between US and China. Bus emission factors were estimated based on the localized MOVES from the aspect of different driving conditions. Results show that with the increase in average traveling speed, the proportion of idling operation mode showed a decreasing trend. Four typical vehicle operation mode distributions were identified with different average speeds to show the impact of traffic conditions. Bus emission factors first rapidly decreased and then slowly declined towards some minimum values. Bus lanes exhibited emission reduction benefits under serious traffic congestion. The findings of this study have great importance for transportation operation management and policy-making to reduce bus emissions, as well as improving air quality.
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Liu, Peng. "A Modal for Operation Coordination among Regional Rail Transit, Urban Metro and Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1970.
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In order to achieve joint operation among regional rail transit, urban rail transit and major bus lines, a joint operation coordination model was set up to optimize the joint operation, based on the analysis to the operation rules and cost of three mode of transit and passenger's travel cost. Thereafter, the standard genetic algorithm was used to test the application of this model with an example. And test results show that: the total cost and operating cost of joint operation system and passengers' waiting cost and transfer cost in the peak hour or in the flat peak hour are lower in the coordination state than in the non-coordination state; and passengers' travel cost are reduced more significantly than operation cost of joint coordination system. This can significantly increase passengers' satisfaction and it is very favorable to the operators' long-term operation and intelligent control.
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Xiaoliang, Zhang, and Jia Limin. "Analysis of Bus Line Operation Reliability Based on Copula Function." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158419.
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To promote the development level of urban sustainability, more and more cities have been paying attention to the improvement of public transportation. City managers intend to attract people from private cars to public transport by improving the service level of urban public transport. The operational reliability of bus lines plays a crucial role in maintaining high-level service of public transportation. Previous studies have focused on the service level of the whole line by investigating the overall stability of departure punctuality, line running time, and punctuality. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the whole line and sites in terms of the influence on the operational reliability of bus lines. This study proposes a bus route reliability evaluation method, based on copulas connect function, and the actual line data are taken as a case study. The results show that the method reveals the relationship between the overall line and the interstation paths in the context of operational reliability. This study finds the interstation path, which is more critical to the whole line. This method can provide a good reference for the diagnosis and evaluation of line operation and the optimization of bus routes. The results can support the sustainable development of public transportation.
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Szumska, Emilia, Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak, and Marek Pawełczyk. "Life cycle cost assessment of urban buses equipped with conventional and alternative propulsion drive." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 120 (March 1, 2018): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4792.
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The number of urban buses equipped with alternative propulsion drives is increasing in Polish public transport companies. The subsidy from European Union funds and governmental programs contribute to increasing number of environmentally friendly means of transport. The life cycle cost (LCC) methodology can provide an understanding of economic aspects of urban bus equipped in different types of propulsion. The LCC analysis delivers the sum of costs related to the acquisition, operation, maintenance and disposal of each bus technology system. The aim of this study is to estimate and compare the life cycle cost of conventional bus, hybrid bus, and CNG powered bus. The paper also provide the total air pollutant emissions through the lifetime of each urban analyzed bus.
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Hoonsiri, Chinnawat, Vasin Kiattikomol, and Siriluk Chiarakorn. "Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225963.
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Bus networks in many capital cities are long distances and partially overlapping with each other. As a result, waiting time is high and energy consumption efficiency is poor. Bus operators in many countries tried to reform their bus routes to reduce waiting time and fuel costs by reducing overlapping bus routes. However, most of the reformed bus routes were complicated, which caused discomfort to passengers to use the bus service. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new bus reformed model called the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) which was a simple and passenger-friendly route operation. It resulted in 14% of total inbound and 16% of total outbound passengers receiving the benefit of waiting time reduction. Most passengers wait twice at the resident bus-stop and transfer point. As a result, the overall waiting time increased by 0.72–3.75 min. The reduction of fuel consumption was consistent with increasing load factors and dependent on the time period. The bus reform operations during the off-peak hours had more benefits in terms of waiting time reduction, energy-saving potential, and CO2 reduction than during the rush hours.
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Houbbadi, Adnane, Rochdi Trigui, Serge Pelissier, Eduardo Redondo-Iglesias, and Tanguy Bouton. "Optimal Scheduling to Manage an Electric Bus Fleet Overnight Charging." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 2727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142727.
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Electro-mobility is increasing significantly in the urban public transport and continues to face important challenges. Electric bus fleets require high performance and extended longevity of lithium-ion battery at highly variable temperature and in different operating conditions. On the other hand, bus operators are more concerned about reducing operation and maintenance costs, which affects the battery aging cost and represents a significant economic parameter for the deployment of electric bus fleets. This paper introduces a methodological approach to manage overnight charging of an electric bus fleet. This approach identifies an optimal charging strategy that minimizes the battery aging cost (the cost of replacing the battery spread over the battery lifetime). The optimization constraints are related to the bus operating conditions, the electric vehicle supply equipment, and the power grid. The optimization evaluates the fitness function through the coupled modeling of electro-thermal and aging properties of lithium-ion batteries. Simulation results indicate a significant reduction in the battery capacity loss over 10 years of operation for the optimal charging strategy compared to three typical charging strategies.
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Verma, Ashish, and S. L. Dhingra. "Developing Integrated Schedules for Urban Rail and Feeder Bus Operation." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 132, no. 3 (September 2006): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(2006)132:3(138).
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Hoel, Lester A. "Bus planning and operation in urban areas: A practical guide." Transportation Research Part A: General 24, no. 6 (November 1990): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(90)90041-4.
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Feng, Sun, Zhu Wen-tao, Ye Ying, and Wang Dian-hai. "Optimal Skip-Stop Schedule under Mixed Traffic Conditions for Minimizing Travel Time of Passengers." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/930562.
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Given the lower efficiency resulting from the overload of bus stops, the capacity and travel time of passengers influenced by skip-stop operation are analyzed under mixed traffic conditions, and the travel time models of buses and cars are developed, respectively. This paper proposes an optimization model for designing skip-stop service that can minimize the total travel time for passengers. Genetic algorithm is adopted for finding the optimal coordination of the stopping stations of overall bus lines in an urban bus corridor. In this paper, Tian-Mu-Shan Road of Hangzhou City is taken as an example. Results show that the total travel time of all travelers becomes 7.03 percent shorter after the implementation of skip-stop operation. The optimization scheme can improve the operating efficiency of the road examined.
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Ma, Wenbin, Shirley Hsiao, and Christopher MacKechnie. "Measuring Bus Stops toward a Sustainable Urban Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, no. 1 (January 2015): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-14.
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This paper describes how a bus stop measuring system can be developed not only to achieve transit operation efficiency but also to collaborate proactively with urban planners and traffic engineers on transit–land use interface activities. The measuring system was developed by identifying transit performance variants at the bus stop level with the use of a dynamic composite weighting factor approach on a geographic information system platform. A tier structure framework was used to categorize the composite scores of bus stops into six groups. Specific transit improvement actions were then tailored on the basis of their bus stop characteristics. Two project application examples are presented in this paper. One is a bus stop thinning project for speed improvement, and the other is for prioritizing capital project improvements. As various active transportation programs emerge to encourage local jurisdictions to plan transit connectivity with other community gathering places, this bus stop measuring approach presents a con tinued process to monitor their performance. It is also used to strengthen integration with other street improvement activities, including pedestrian paths and bikeways, to create a safe and sustainable urban environment.
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Si, Chuan Sheng. "Research on Powertrain System of Series HEB Control Strategy Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1635.
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Based on the development status of hybrid electric vehicle(HEV) at home and abroad, combining the features of urban traffic and urban bus operation, the control strategy of hybrid buses powertrain is analyzed and researched. The whole performance of series hybrid electric bus(HEB) control scheme is simulated and analyzed using HEV simulation software ADVISOR. The result shows that the control strategy plays a positive role to improve automobile fuel economy.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy, and Łukasz RYMANIAK. "Tests of urban bus specific emissions in terms of currently applicable heavy vehicles operating emission regulations." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-103.
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The article presents a study of a city bus in real operating conditions (RDE) from the perspective of the latest regulations for the assessment of specific emissions compliance for heavy-duty vehicles (Euro VI standard). The object of the research was a serial configuration hybrid drive vehicle. Measurements were made in the real driving conditions in Poznan agglomeration. The latest mobile equipment PEMS was used for the measurements. This article presents the details of the EU 582/2011 Procedure in operational conformity assessment, the methodology of the study was discussed, and the obtained results were presented, both in terms of vehicle operating conditions and engine operation, as well as specific emissions evaluation.
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Chen, Weiya, Xin Liu, Dingfang Chen, and Xin Pan. "Setting Headways on a Bus Route under Uncertain Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102823.
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Urban public transport is a sustainable transportation strategy. Promoting public transport is an important means of urban transport sustainable development. Reasonable operation scheduling can increase the attractiveness of public transit systems and be conducive to the sustainability of transportation systems. Setting headways on a bus route is the key work of bus scheduling. For the refined management requirements of bus scheduling, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of three uncertainties on the bus route headway: passenger demand elasticity, which is an elasticity with respect to the supply of service, the randomness of the bus travel time between bus stops, and the abandoned passengers flow. A bus route headway allocation model is established. Considering the attractiveness of bus traveling and the interests of passengers, the objective functions are the maximum number of passengers waiting for the bus at each stop and the minimum number of passengers who fail to board. An enumeration combining a recursive algorithm under Monte Carlo random simulation conditions is designed to solve the problem. A comparison of the optimal bus departure interval (headway of the origin stop) under different conditions is studied using a numerical case. Under the same conditions, the results show that the model proposed in this paper can reduce the passengers waiting time and attract more passengers traveling by bus and it also meets the goal of sustainable public transport well. These findings are significant references for optimizing bus operations considering these uncertain factors.
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Li, Bing, and Min Li. "Research on Terminal Construction and Operation Management about the Integration of Urban and Rural Bus." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2584.
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The speeding up of urbanization and urban-rural integration development strategy between urban and rural passenger flow increase rapidly. Urban and rural public transportation as a link between the central cities and vast rural areas, has a very important role.It can not only meet the demand of urban and rural residents, build and improve the structure of urban and rural dweller, also greatly promote the development of China's urban and rural integration process.Aiming at the existing problem of rural passenger transport, from the aspects of operating mode, equipped with the capacity to improve to accelerate the process of integration of urban and rural public transportation, take unified transportation operation mode.Taking Hohhot as an example, aiming at the problems of the city and then put forward the development strategy of public transportation, and gives the corresponding safeguard measures effectively.
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Zhang, Si-Jia, Shun-Ping Jia, Yun Bai, Bao-Hua Mao, Cun-Rui Ma, and Tong Zhang. "Optimal Adjustment Schemes on the Long Through-Type Bus Lines considering the Urban Rail Transit Network." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8029137.
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It is of great importance to optimize the schemes of long through-type bus lines to adapt to the urban rail transit network. Focusing on the long through-type bus lines close to metro stations, a bilevel programming model on the adjustment schemes of bus lines is proposed, taking the impacts of urban rail transit network into account. The upper level model aims at adjusting the setting decisions of stop stations and vehicle headways of bus lines to minimize the passenger travel cost and maximize the benefits of bus operators. The lower level model is a passenger flow assignment model based on Logit-SUE considering the crowding perception of passengers in bus vehicles. Moreover, the constraint of average load factor of the bus line sections is considered. Then the genetic algorithm is applied to solve the proposed model, and a numerical example is conducted to verify the effectiveness. Results show that the value of the objective function of the model is improved by 27.2%, in comparison with the original scheme. Even though the average travel cost of passengers increases slightly, the bus line operation cost and the imbalance degree of load factors are reduced by 46.1% and 18.6%, respectively. The sensitivity analyses show that it is better to divide the long through-type bus line into several separate bus lines with independent operation, respectively, under the condition of unbalanced passenger flow distribution. Meanwhile, the multiple bus lines are more adapted to the unbalanced passenger flow distribution when the weight of the benefits of the bus operators in the total objective function is bigger. Besides, the lower time value that the passengers perceive, the more passengers willing to take bus than metro trains. As the increment of the passenger time value, the combination of feeder bus lines and a longer bus line is better for passengers’ trip demand than the long through-type bus line.
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Xue, Lian, Dan Jie Zhao, and Gui Mei Liu. "Stochastic Simulation of Bus Traveling Time." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.556.
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The development of the city's public transport system has an indispensable role to alleviate the pressure of urban roads. Bus travel time reliability is an important evaluation index of the bus operation service level. The simulation of bus travel time helps us understand the reliability of bus running time. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method to calculate the reliability of bus travel time. On this basis, we establish a model of the reliability of public transportation systems to research the reliability of bus travel time.
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Jaganmohan, M. Rao, S. P. Sivapirakasham, K. R. Balasubramanian, and K. T. Sreenath. "Investigation of Whole Body Vibration on Urban Midi Bus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2066–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2066.
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The objective of the study is to measure the whole body vibration (WBV) transmitted to the driver as well as the passengers during the operation of bus and to compare results with ISO 2631-1(1997) comfort chart and health guidance criteria. In this study, vibration exposure of the driver, passenger in the mid row seat and passenger in the rear row seat were measured at different operating conditions (static and dynamic). The BMI (Body Mass Index) was maintained for driver and passengers. The results of static test showed that the driver seat produced more vibrations compared to the passenger's mid row and rear row seat. This is due to the fact that driver seat was positioned close to the engine cabin. The results of dynamic test showed that, in all cases, the rear seat produced maximum vibrations. At 40 km/h speed the vibration magnitude exceeded the exposure limit at all tested seats. This high vibration magnitude might be due to the resonance effect caused between engine and chassis vibrations.
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Xue, Qing Wan, Li Li Gao, and Zhuo Yang. "A Study of Integrated Optimization Model and Method on Bus Scheduling and Operation Based on TransCAD." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.749.
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Improving the operation of urban public transport scheduling level is an important way to increase the attractiveness of public transport. In this paper, from the interests of bus passengers and bus companies, A model that maximize the benefit of company based on a certain benefit of passengers is attempted to be developed. Passenger waiting time, bus capacity and other related factors as the main variables were considered in this study. An algorithm based on genetic algorithm was developed to solve the problem efficiently. By utilizing the transit module of the transportation planning software TransCAD, a route system was established based on the bus line 183 in Nanjing. Thus, the bus schedule is created and the optimization results could be dynamically displayed.
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Wang, Chao, Zhuoqun Sun, and Zhirui Ye. "On-Road Bus Emission Comparison for Diverse Locations and Fuel Types in Real-World Operation Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051798.
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Urban buses have energy and environmental impacts because they are mostly equipped with heavy-duty diesel engines, having higher emission factors and pollution levels. This study proposed a mean distribution deviation (MDD) method to identify bus pollutant emissions including CO, CO2, HC, and NOX at road sections, intersections, and bus stops for different fuel types; and explore the changes in emissions for different locations in the road sections, bus stops, and intersection influence areas. Bus speed, acceleration, and emissions data were collected from four fuel types in China. For different locations and fuel types, the differences in emissions were all statistically significant. MDD values for different locations indicated that there were more obvious differences in emissions between road sections and intersections. In addition, heat maps were applied in this study to better understand changes in bus emissions for different locations in the bus stop influence areas, intersection influence areas, and road sections.
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Liu, Yang, and Jun Huang. "Design and Implementation of Public Bike Smart Lease System." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1104.
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This paper presents an intelligent urban public bike leasing system based on ARM. This system takes S5PV210 microprocessor as the core of the terminal system and constitutes the public bike rental point with Intelligent parking device connected to the CAN bus. This system based on Android, Embedded Linux operating system CAN bus and GPRS remote data transmission technology designs the hardware and the software of the terminal and designs the software of the data center using I/O multiplexing. The system guarantees the efficient operation of public bike rental, and provides more intelligent and personalized service to users.
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Zhou, Wang, Ji, and Cottrill. "Coordinated Control Strategy for Multi-Line Bus Bunching in Common Corridors." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 6221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226221.
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Improving the sharing rate of public transportation is an important content for the sustainable development of urban transportation. However, bus bunching, a common phenomenon during transit operation, makes negative effects on reliability and service level of the bus system. In most urban centers in China, many bus lines usually serve in a corridor. Different buses may interact with each other in the corridor, which may aggravate the bus bunching. However, previous studies on bus bunching focused on single bus service. In addition, with the popularization of bus data acquisition and the maturity of data processing methods, the accuracy of bus bunching research meets more opportunities. In this paper, we proposed a holding strategy based on two-bus cooperative control. A simulation was carried out after preliminarily processing and analyzing the bus operation data of Foshan, Guangdong City. In the simulation, we compared the performance of three different scenarios, which are before control strategy, under the strategy for a single bus line and under the coordinated strategy for multiple bus lines. We contrastively analyze the results of the two strategies from different aspects. The results show that in aspects, such as holding a frequency, holding time, the total running time and the influence on the other bus line, the cooperative holding strategy manifests better. It illustrates that it is meaningful to do such a research on the effect of corridor service on bus bunching and add this effect into traditional holding strategy to build a multi-bus cooperative control strategy. The results have important theoretical significance for enriching and completing existing theory and methods of transit system and practical value for improving the service level and attractiveness of buses, increasing the share rate of public transportation, and thus, promoting the sustainable development of cities.
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Zheng, Nan, Takao Dantsuji, Pengfei Wang, and Nikolas Geroliminis. "Macroscopic Approach for Optimizing Road Space Allocation of Bus Lanes in Multimodal Urban Networks Through Simulation Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2651, no. 1 (January 2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2651-05.
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Although multimodality has been widely studied in the literature, planning and operating bus lanes in congested urban city centers are still challenging topics for researchers and policy makers. Most existing approaches lack quantitative methods for estimating the impact of bus lanes or for optimizing the operation of bus lanes at a system level. This paper proposes a novel optimization approach for allocating road space to bus lanes in cities. The approach determines the optimal space share between the modes in service and allocates the bus lanes by integrating strategies that lead to less total travel cost. By relying on recent advances in network-level traffic flow modeling, namely, the multimodal macroscopic fundamental diagram (mMFD), the approach captures multimodal traffic dynamics and travel costs by mode. The impact of a bus lane on mode usage is taken into account to aggregated mode shift phenomena under changes in layout of dedicated bus lanes. Simulation was performed in a Swiss city network to test the proposed optimization approach. The research found that ( a) the mMFD could be properly integrated to decide for road space optimization of large-scale multimodal urban networks, ( b) an optimal and efficient space share minimized the total travel cost for all users, and ( c) the best strategy for the studied network was to implement the allocated space on the connected links on a corridor rather than to assign them sparsely to the links that are heavily congested.
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Cherry, Christopher R., Eric Tang, Elizabeth Deakin, and Alexander Skabardonis. "Analysis of Freeway Improvements for Express Bus Service." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1925, no. 1 (January 2005): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192500126.
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In many urban areas, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been provided to permit carpools and express buses to bypass congestion and offer a significant travel time advantage to commuters willing to share a ride or take transit. In many locations, however, HOV lanes are incomplete because of difficulties in securing right-of-way or funding. In other locations, because existing HOV lanes are underutilized, express buses are undersubscribed, or both, questions about their value arise. In this research it is shown how a PARAMICS microscopic traffic simulation model can be used to analyze proposed HOV lanes and their effects on express bus operation along an urban freeway corridor. A PARAMICS application is developed for Interstate 580 in the San Francisco Bay Area and used to test alternative ways of providing HOV lanes. The performance of the corridor is evaluated under plausible scenarios of traffic growth. Traffic simulation models are usually used for detailed operations management. The case study shows that traffic simulation can be an effective preliminary planning and scenario testing tool for evaluating the likely performance of an infrastructure or operations improvement on express bus service.
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Zhang, Hui, Cheng-Xiang Zhuge, Xiang Zhao, and Wen-Bo Song. "Assessing transfer property and reliability of urban bus network based on complex network theory." International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, no. 01 (January 2018): 1850004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500043.
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Transfer reliability has an important impact on the urban bus network. The proportion of zero and one transfer time is a key indicator to measure the connectivity of bus networks. However, it is hard to calculate the transfer time between nodes because of the complicated network structure. In this paper, the topological structures of urban bus network in Jinan are constructed by space L and space P. A method to calculate transfer times between stations has been proposed by reachable matrix under space P. The result shows that it is efficient to calculate the transfer time between nodes in large networks. In order to test the transfer reliability, a node failure process has been built according to degree, clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality under space L and space P. The results show that the deliberate attack by betweenness centrality under space P is more effective compared with other five attack modes. This research could provide a power tool to find hub stations in bus networks and give a help for traffic manager to guarantee the normal operation of urban bus systems.
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Elhajj, Mireille, and Washington Ochieng. "Impact of New GPS Signals on Positioning Accuracy for Urban Bus Operations." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 1284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463320000272.
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This paper analyses for the first time the impact of new GPS signals on positioning accuracy for dynamic urban applications, taking bus operations as an example. The performance assessment addresses both code measurement precision and positioning accuracy. The former is based on signal-to-noise ratio and estimation of multipath and noise by a combination of code and carrier phase measurements. The impact on positioning accuracy is derived by comparing the performance achievable with the conventional single frequency GPS only positioning both relative to reference trajectories from the integration of carrier phase measurements with data from a high grade inertial measurement unit. The results show that L5 code measurements have the highest precision, followed by L1 C/A and L2C. In the positioning domain, there is a significant improvement in two-dimensional and three-dimensional accuracy from dual frequency code measurements over the single frequency measurements, of 39% and 48% respectively, enabling more bus operation services to be supported.
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Kudryshov, M. A., A. V. Prokopenkov, and R. S. Ayriev. "Methodical Approach to Organisation of Transportation on Electric Bus Routes." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 5 (February 13, 2021): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-152-170.
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When developing projects for introduction of electric buses into operation and determining the required infrastructure, it is necessary to justify the concept and methodological approaches to choosing of routes, to estimate the number of charging stations, depending on their type, and to conduct economic assessment of the proposed solutions in specific operating conditions.The article discusses the main issues of organising operation of buses with electric traction (electric buses) on the routes of public urban surface transport. A primary analysis of both current and prospective electric bus routes was carried out regarding the city of Moscow.Adaptive calculation methods are proposed based on classical methods for determining the required number of vehicles for a route regarding a given transit capacity, passenger traffic flow, and a given traffic interval.The current and prospective schemes for location of charging stations are considered, a method for determining their required number is proposed.A methodological approach of determining direct costs associated with transportation has been adapted to operation of electric buses on the route.
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Li, Ming, Linlin Wang, Jingfeng Yang, Zhenkun Zhang, Nanfeng Zhang, Yifei Xiang, and Handong Zhou. "Passenger flow forecast for customized bus based on time series fuzzy clustering algorithm." Interaction Studies 20, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.18040.li.
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Abstract Customized bus services are conducive to improving urban traffic and environment, and have attracted widespread attention. However, the problems encountered in the new customized bus mode include the large difference between the basis of customized bus passenger flow data analysis and the basis of the traditional bus passenger flow data analysis, and the difficulty in different vehicle scheduling caused by the combination of traditional and customized bus modes. We propose a customized bus passenger flow analysis algorithm and multi-destination customized bus line capacity scheduling algorithm, and display them in an intuitive way. The experimental results show that the algorithm model established in this paper can basically meet the data requirements of operation and management, and can provide decision support for customized bus line planning.
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Qin, Wei, Linhong Wang, Yuhan Liu, and Cheng Xu. "Energy Consumption Estimation of the Electric Bus Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm and Support Vector Machine Regression." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094689.
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Electric buses have many significant advantages, such as zero emissions and low noise and energy consumption, making them play an important role in saving the operation cost of bus companies and reducing urban traffic pollution emissions. Therefore, in recent years, many cities in the world dedicate to promoting the electrification of public transport vehicles. Whereas due to the limitation of on-board battery capacity, the driving range of electric buses is relatively short. The accurate estimation of energy consumption on the electric bus routes is the premise of conducting bus scheduling and optimizing the layout of charging facilities. This study collected the actual operation data of three electric bus routes in Meihekou City, China, and established the support vector machine regression (SVR) model by taking the state of charge (SOC), trip travel time, mean environment temperature and air-conditioning operation time as the independent variables; while the energy consumptions of the route operations served as the dependent variables. Furthermore, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was adopted to select the optimal parameters of the proposed model. Finally, a support vector machine regression model based on the grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO-SVR) is proposed. Three real bus lines were taken as examples to validate the model. The results show that the mean average percentage error is 14.47% and the mean average error is 0.7776. In addition, the estimation accuracy and training time of the proposed model are superior to the genetic algorithm-back propagation neural network model and grid-search support vector machine regression model.
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Wu, Ding Xin, Wei Deng, Yan Song, and Xin Luan. "Simulation on Urban High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes - A Case Study in Nanjing." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3339.
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Dedicated bus lane (DBL) operation has been implemented in dozens of urban areas in China, and it is considered as one of the most efficient ways to solve the urban transport problem. Since the capacity of DBL is underutilized, it could be enhanced by allowing high occupancy vehicles (HOV) to use DBL lane. And this will turn DBL lane into HOV lane. However, HOV lanes are currently most used in freeways instead of urban areas especially in western countries. There is almost no HOV lane has been implemented in China nowadays.That is why research on HOV is worthy of attention. Simulation is risk-free and cost-effective way to evaluate the hypothetical implemented HOV lane. The hypothetical implemented HOV lane is located in Nanjing and evaluated using VISSIM. The simulation results shows that the HOV lane is suitable for urban areas and it can enhance speed of social vehicles with no significant effect on bus operation. At the same time, traffic delays and queue length of intersections are reduced.
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Fernandez-Sanchez, Gonzalo, and Alvaro Fernandez-Heredia. "Strategic Thinking for Sustainability: A Review of 10 Strategies for Sustainable Mobility by Bus for Cities." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 4282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114282.
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The sustainable mobility of the future comes about through sustainable ways of transport, such as walking, cycling, or collective transport. This includes the bus, the underground, and trains in big cities. This article reviews bus-related policies and initiatives worldwide. It also analyses ten cities looking at medium and long-term strategies for the urban bus service. The main ideas are: the forecasts for the use of the urban bus system indicate a significant increase in demand, therefore, there is a need for expanding the offered services; efforts to change the fleets towards Compressed Natural Gas and Electric vehicles; support of technological innovation for communication and accessibility; improving commercial speed and frequencies by infrastructure improvements, operation optimisation and technology; and, the link between these strategies and the air quality of cities. The transition towards a sustainable transport will happen based on the belief that the bus service is no longer the transport of the past or the present, but of the future.
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Zhuomin, Dai. "Analysis Model of Conventional Public Transport Hub Based on Grey Correlation Degree." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128302029.
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With the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the urban public transport system has been developing in the direction of three-dimensional and diversified. As a physical carrier of various modes of transportation, the layout and operation efficiency of urban public transport hub directly affect the smoothness of the whole line network. In view of this, this paper carries out systematic analysis of the conventional bus hub and establishes an evaluation index system which can reflect the normal bus hub system effectively; Then, the paper evaluates the operation efficiency of the conventional bus hub system by using the grey correlation analysis theory; Finally, the case analysis is carried out to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of the object and sort it. The results show that the positive indicators are the per capita transfer area, parking facility rate, transfer sign facility rate and transfer information timeliness. The results of this paper supplement and perfect the current analysis model of public transport hub. The results of the case study show that the model has a high practical value.
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Cui, Jie, Yueer Gao, Jing Cheng, and Lei Shi. "Study on the Selection Model of Staying Adjustment Bus Lines along Rail Transit." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (February 1, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6385359.
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To fully achieve effective rail transit, prevent the waste of conventional bus capacity along a rail transit line, and relieve the urban traffic congestion problem, it is necessary to screen for the adjustment of conventional bus lines prior to the operation of rail transit to provide a basis for further optimization of bus lines. Based on the analysis of spatial relationships between a rail transit line and conventional collinear bus lines and considering the time advantage characteristics of rail transit in rush hours, a model of the generalized travel time costs and travel time savings proportion in the collinear section of rail transit and bus was proposed. To evaluate the utility of rail transit relative to conventional bus collinear lines, the conventional bus lines to be adjusted were determined. Taking Xiamen as an example, the bus lines of Hubin East Road Station as the endpoint of metro line 1 were employed to calculate the model using GPS data of the buses, and the bus lines to be adjusted in the Hubin East Road were determined. The results show that the model is effective in the elastic selection of conventional bus lines that need to be adjusted and provides decision-making support for urban comprehensive public transport planning.
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Levinson, Herbert S., and Kevin R. St. Jacques. "Bus Lane Capacity Revisited." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1618, no. 1 (January 1998): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1618-23.
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Bus use of urban roadways and past bus-capacity experience are reviewed. Field studies and bus simulation analyses were used to validate, update, and extend existing bus stop and berth capacity procedures. A 60-percent coefficient of dwell time variation was used to obtain new estimates of likely failure, and the maximum achievable capacity was based on a 25-percent failure rate. Capacity adjustment factors for skip-stop operation and right turns are derived. Service planning implications are identified. Bus lane capacities depend on how frequently the stops are placed, how long the buses dwell at each stop, traffic conditions and control systems along the bus lane or route, and whether buses can pass and overtake each other. Keeping dwell times and dwell-time variations to a minimum, providing multiple berth stops, and establishing skip-stop patterns will increase the bus and passenger capacity of bus lanes.
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Liu, Wusheng, Qian Tan, and Lisheng Liu. "Destination Estimation for Bus Passengers Based on Data Fusion." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8305475.
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The planning and operation of urban buses depend heavily on the time-varying origin-destination (OD) matrix for bus passengers. In most cities, however, only boarding information is recorded, while the alighting information is not available. This paper proposes a novel method to predict the destination of a single bus passenger based on bus smartcard data, metro smartcard data, and global positioning system (GPS) bus data. First, the attractiveness of each bus stop in a bus line was evaluated, considering the attractiveness of nearby metro stations. Then, the exploration and preferential return (EPR) model was employed to estimate the probability of a bus stop to be the alighting stop, i.e., the destination, of a passenger. The estimation result was obtained through a simulation based on the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm. The effectiveness of our method was proved through a case study on the bus network in Shenzhen, China.
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MUROI, Toshiaki, and Shigeru MORICHI. "Study on Bus Operation as Substitute for Urban Railway after a Big Earthquake." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 27 (2010): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.27.181.
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YU, Bin, Sijia REN, Enze WU, Yifan ZHOU, and Yunpeng WANG. "Optimization of urban bus operation frequency under common route condition with rail transit." Frontiers of Engineering Management 4, no. 4 (2017): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-fem-2017036.
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Zhang, Chunqin, Yuting Hu, Anning Ni, and Hongwei Li. "Compensation Scheme for Self-Employed Bus Service Requisitions in Urban–Rural Passenger Transport." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 4855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184855.
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This paper addresses a compensation scheme for self-employed bus service requisition of rural passenger transport, and provides a theoretical basis and policy recommendations for the smooth implementation of self-employed bus service requisition process and the integration of urban–rural passenger transport resources. Using Chinese urban–rural passenger transport systems in ten cities or counties (including Shenyang, Liaoyang, Wuxi, Suzhou, Laiwu, Zouping, Wuhu, Guangde, Shuangliu, and Fuyang) as research objects, the compensation scheme for self-employed bus service requisition is explored from three aspects: the construction of compensation model, the estimation of compensation amount, and the determination of compensation mode. The conclusions drawn from this study are summarized as follows: (1) The compensation amount consists of the bus service residual value, the compensation for expected profit in the residual operation period, and the awarded amount for signing compensation agreements. (2) Whether or not bus owners accept the compensation amount is closely related to their psychological expectation threshold. Changes in the average profit of the bus service, the driver’s average wage, and the ticket-seller’s wage, have the greatest impact, the second greatest impact, and the smallest impact on their psychological expectation threshold, respectively. (3) Younger and more highly educated owners tend to accept “monetary compensation and reemployment placement”, while older and low educated owners prefer “monetary compensation and social security”. (4) High compensation fees, providing reemployment placement for drivers and ticket-sellers, and implementing monetary compensation in the form of an “expected income dividend installment” can enhance willingness to sign compensation agreements for self-employed bus service.
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Glushkova, Yu O., A. V. Pahomova, and A. R. Asoyan. "COMPARISON OF ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS BETWEEN TROLLEY AND BUS OPERATION PROCESS ACCORDING TO ECOLOGICAL FACTOR." Vestnik SibADI 15, no. 3 (July 11, 2018): 372–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2018-3-372-389.
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Introduction. The article presents the results of the comprehensive comparative study of economic efficiency of the rolling stock on urban transport, such as trolley with dynamic charging and diesel bus, in order to solve a new problem for a large city of identifying more profitable vehicle in terms of economic, environmental and time factors.Materials and methods. Such methods as index, comparison methods and methods of analytical calculations and dynamic series analysis are applied in the research.Results. As a result, the algorithm of the transport mode choosing and step by step instructions of the comparison, wherein the integrated approach to the assessment of performance, was established. In addition, the necessity of supposed recommendations’ application on implementation of comparison process of technical, operational and economic indicators, which take into account the revealed advantages and shortcomings of the existing types of the rolling stock was proved on the basis of the hybrid trolley and bus on diesel fuel.Discussion and conclusions. The statistical study of dynamics’ series of environmentally friendly urban modes of passenger transport by the following factors as the operational length of trolley and tram routes, volume of passenger traffic on public transport in the Russian Federation and also in Volga Federal District and its regions. The model of step-by-step process of calculation of transportations’ prime cost by alternative modes of transport is offered on the example of trolley with dynamic recharging and city bus.
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Martinez-Laserna, Egoitz, Victor Herrera, Iñigo Gandiaga, Aitor Milo, Elixabet Sarasketa-Zabala, and Haizea Gaztañaga. "Li-Ion Battery Lifetime Model’s Influence on the Economic Assessment of a Hybrid Electric Bus’s Operation." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9020028.
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The present paper is focused on the evaluation of the economic influence of a battery lifetime model upon the optimal sizing and energy management strategy of a dual energy storage system (ESS) composed of Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The operation of a Hybrid Bus is taken as a case study in order to evaluate the effects of battery lifetime models’ accuracy on ESS sizing and operation in a heavy-duty application. For this purpose, two different lifetime models (a Wöhler-curve-based model and a semi-empirical model) were applied in the multi-objective optimisation of a hybrid electric urban bus. Differences up to ca. 8% on the daily operation costs and ca. 25% on the dual ESS costs were estimated depending on the lifetime model considered for the optimisation.
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Hu, Hua, Yunfeng Gao, Jie Yu, Zhigang Liu, and Xin Li. "Planning Bus Bridging Evacuation during Rail Transit Operation Disruption." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 142, no. 4 (December 2016): 04016015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000335.
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